Laboratory No: 09 Date
QPSK TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
Objective:
The Objective of this Lab is to
• Build a Simulink Model to transmit QPSK Modulation
• Draw a comparison between BPSK and QPSK Modulation Schemes
QPSK:
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a form of Phase Shift Keying in which two bits are modulated
at once, selecting one of four possible carrier phase shifts (0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees).
QPSK allows the signal to carry twice as much information as ordinary PSK using the same bandwidth.
QPSK is used for satellite transmission of MPEG2 video, cable modems, videoconferencing, cellular
phone systems, and other forms of digital communication over an RF carrier
BPSK:
Binary Phase-shift keying (BPSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or
modulating, two different phases of a reference signal (the carrier wave). The constellation points chosen
are usually positioned with uniform angular spacing around a circle. This gives maximum phase-
separation between adjacent points and thus the best immunity to corruption. They are positioned on a
circle so that they can all be transmitted with the same energy. In this way, the moduli of the complex
numbers they represent will be the same and thus so will the amplitudes needed for the cosine and sine
waves.
Procedure
Building Simulink Model of QPSK Modulator and Demodulator
I. Standard QPSK Simulation
The Simulink model of QPSK modulator and demodulator is shown below in figure 1
DEPARTMENT OF AVIONICS ENGINEERING, CAE, NUST-AV-362-MANUAL-FALL-2022
Figure 1
➢ Build the Simulink model shown in Figure 1.
➢ Double-click on the Random Integer Generator and adjust the set size to 4 , set the Sample Time to
1e-06 and the Samples per frame parameter to 1024.
➢ In the AWGN block, set the SNR to 20 and number of bits per symbol to 2 as QPSK transmit 2 bits
under single phase modulation, set the symbol period to 1e-06..
➢ For the Error Rate Calculation block, set the Output data field to “port” so you can connect the
Display block.
➢ The Display Block will show you three values. The first value is the BER, the second value is the
number of incorrect bits, and the third value is the total number of bits received.
➢ Set the simulation time to 4 seconds.
➢ In this experiment, you will adjust the value of SNR in the AWGN block, starting from 1,
incrementing by 5 every step, and ending at 30, and observe the error rate displayed in the
Display block as well as the effect on constellation diagram.
➢ Make a table recording the value of SNR and the corresponding BER. Also show the results in
your lab report with captions.
➢ Attach a constellation diagram block before AWGN block and after AWGN and comment on
the difference while increasing SNR.
II. Comparing QPSK and BPSK
In this task, you will learn about the trade-off of using QPSK over BPSK.
DEPARTMENT OF AVIONICS ENGINEERING, CAE, NUST-AV-362-MANUAL-FALL-2022
Figure 2
➢ Build the Simulink model shown in Figure 2 above
➢ Set size should be 2 for BPSK.
➢ Choose the same value of SNR for both AWGN blocks and set the number of bits per symbol to 1 in
AWGN block for BPSK.
➢ Set the simulation time to 10 seconds.
➢ Run the simulation and observe the bit error rate and the number of transmitted samples from
the Display block for both schemes Explain your observations.
➢ Also reduce the SNR and explain your observations of BER as well as the constellation
diagram.
➢ Comment on the bandwidth requirement of BPSK and QPSK. Explain your answer.
NOTE: LAB REPORT CONSISTING OF ONLY SCREEN SHOTS WITHOUT
EXPLAINATION WILL MARK AS STRAIGHT AWAY ZERO
DEPARTMENT OF AVIONICS ENGINEERING, CAE, NUST-AV-362-MANUAL-FALL-2022
DEPARTMENT OF AVIONICS ENGINEERING, CAE, NUST-AV-362-MANUAL-FALL-2022
