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Ultrasonic Testing Useful Formula

The document provides 12 formulas for calculating key parameters used in ultrasonic testing. It defines formulas for calculating the velocity of ultrasonic waves, acoustic impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, longitudinal and shear wave velocities, refraction based on Snell's law, parameters of the near field, beam spread half angle, decibel gain or loss, and calculations for angle beam testing of pipes including probe angle, skip distance, V-path length, leg length, and surface distance.

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Baguz Saputra
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161 views

Ultrasonic Testing Useful Formula

The document provides 12 formulas for calculating key parameters used in ultrasonic testing. It defines formulas for calculating the velocity of ultrasonic waves, acoustic impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, longitudinal and shear wave velocities, refraction based on Snell's law, parameters of the near field, beam spread half angle, decibel gain or loss, and calculations for angle beam testing of pipes including probe angle, skip distance, V-path length, leg length, and surface distance.

Uploaded by

Baguz Saputra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT) USEFUL FORMULA

1. Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves in a medium (V) = f x l

OR

Where

f = Number of cycles per second is called frequency. Measured in ‘Hertz’. Abbreviated


as ‘Hz’. One Hertz is equivalent to One cycle per second

l = Distance covered in one cycle is wavelength

V= Velocity of Ultrasonic wave inside the medium in ‘mm/s’

2. Acoustic Impedance (Z) = V x r

Where:

Z= Acoustic Impedance

r= Density
V= Velocity

3. Reflection Coefficient

Where:

R = Reflection Coefficient
Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1
Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2


Page 1 of 4
2011-12 For refererence only
4. Transmission coefficient
T = 4 Z1Z2/ (Z1+Z2)2

Where:

R = Reflection Coefficient
Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1
Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2

5. Longitudinal Wave Velocity

Where:

VL = Longitudinal Wave Velocity


E = Modulus of Elasticity
r = Density
m = Poisson's Ratio

6. Shear Wave Velocity

Where:

Vs = Shear Wave Velocity


E = Modulus of Elasticity
r = Density
m = Poisson's Ratio
G= Shear Modulus

7. Refraction - Snell's Law: That is the ratio of sine of the angle to the respective wave
velocities are proportional.

Where:

qI = Angle of the Incident Wave


qR = Angle of the Reflected Wave
V1 = Velocity of Incident Wave
V2 = Velocity of Reflected Wave

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2011-12
8. Near Field

Where:

N = Near Field
D = Transducer Diameter
l = Wavelength
V = Velocity

9. Beam Spread Half Angle

Where:

l = Wavelength
D = Transducer Diameter
V = Velocity
F = Frequency

10. Decibel (dB) Gain or Loss

Where:

dB = Decibel
P1 = Pressure Amplitude 1
P2 = Pressure Amplitude 2

11. Angle Beam testing of Pipe

d(1- Sin Ø)
t=
2

2t
Sin Ø = 1-
d
d = O.D. of Pipe
t = Maximum wall thickness Ø = Probe angle

Page 3 of 4

2011-12 For refererence only


12. Formulae for Angle Beam Calculations

β = Sound beam refracted angle in the test material

T = Thickness of the test material

Skip Distance

S = 2T x tan β

V-Path Length

2T
V-Path =
cosβ

Leg Length

T
Leg =
cosβ

Surface Distnace

SD = sinβ x Soundpath Length

Depth in First Leg

Depth (1st Leg) = cosβ x Sound path Length

Depth in Second Leg


Depth (2nd Leg) = 2T – (cosβ x Sound path Length)

Page 4 of 4
2011-12 For refererence only

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