Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will primarily describe the methodology to be used in

collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. This chapter specifically shreds

research methodology components discussing the research design and research

instruments to be used, respondents, the research environment, data gathering

procedures, ethical considerations and the statistical treatment to be used.

Research Design

In order to address the stated problems of the study and to achieve its

purpose, a convergent parallel mixed-quantitative and qualitative research design

will be used. This methodology takes into consideration the extraction and

analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data then compare and relating

agreeing and disagreeing data before a final interpretation can be made. Further,

this methodology will focus on converging data as basis for key conclusions and

interpretation. Hence, the researcher considers the method appropriate since the

intention is to determine the impact of the implementation of the BMBE Law in

the province of Iloilo considering the perspective of varied stakeholders and to

determine what type of intervention is necessary to address any identified gap.

Research Respondents

The researcher will be conducting a survey, focus group discussion and

gathering of testimonies to all identified center-point and zonal cities and

municipalities in the province of Iloilo namely; Iloilo City, Passi City and the
 43

municipalities of Ajuy, Barotac Nuevo, Calinog, Dingle, Dumangas, Miagao,

Pavia, Oton, Zarraga and Tigbauan. With the given 192 registered BMBEs in the

province of Iloilo, using purposive-sampling method, it can be drawn that 70 out

of 192 respondents/registered BMBEs will be purposively surveyed from the

entire population (across the province of Iloilo). By utilizing geographic

characteristic as selection and inclusion criteria, out of the 70 targeted

respondents – registered BMBE’s, 50 respondents or various registered

microenterprises will be proportionately taken from Iloilo City and Passi City while

municipalities of Ajuy, Barotac Nuevo, Calinog, Dingle, Dumangas, Miagao,

Pavia, Oton, Zarraga and Tigbauan will evenly share the 20 other targeted

respondents. The geographical consideration sets the tone of recognizing the

existence and frequency of the total number of registered BMBEs in the province.

As a result, the proportional selection of respondents from each zonal points will

constitute a total of 70 respondents targeted to be surveyed as shown in Table 1.

Table 1

The Number of Registered BMBE’s to be surveyed in the Province of Iloilo

City/Municipality BMBEs

Iloilo City 48
Passi City 2
Ajuy 2
Barotac Nuevo 2
Calinog 2
Dingle 2
Dumangas 2
Miagao 2
Pavia 2
Oton 2
Tigbauan 2
Zarraga 2
Total 70
 44

For the focus group discussion and testimonies, a purposive sampling

method will also be used targeting 30 respondents composed of 15 random

BMBEs while 15 purposive respondents for each other stakeholders identified;

(4) Consumers, (4) Suppliers, (4) Employees, and (3) Government/Implementer

as shown in Table 2.

Table 2

The Number of Registered BMBE’s and other Stakeholders to be

interviewed in the Province of Iloilo

City/Municipality BMBEs Consumers Suppliers Employees Government

Iloilo City 4 3 3 3 3
Passi City 1 1 1 1
Ajuy 1
Barotac Nuevo 1
Calinog 1
Dingle 1
Dumangas 1
Miagao 1
Pavia 1
Oton 1
Tigbauan 1
Zarraga 1
Total 15 4 4 4 3

The study targeted the registered microenterprises’ owners, managers,

consumers, suppliers, employees and government body from diversified field of

industry categories namely: merchandising-retail/wholesale, manufacturing or

service industries.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted covering the entire vicinity of the province of

Iloilo using purposive sampling method in obtaining qualitative data and a

researcher-made survey questionnaire in obtaining the quantitative data.

 45

The Province of Iloilo is situated in the heart of the Philippine archipelago.

The province is located on the southeasterly tip of Panay Island, bordered by the

island-province of Guimaras. The province’ zonal center is strategically situated

at the City of Iloilo, the provincial capital of the Iloilo region of the Philippines, is a

significant metropolitan hub and is referred as the business activity-center in the

entire region of Western Visayas. The province was also tagged as the "The

Heart of the Philippines" and the home of “City of Love – Iloilo City”, (Province of

Iloilo, 2021). Further, based on revenue and auxiliary income-generating services

provided by the local government unit, the Province of Iloilo was ranked 34th in

the annual ranking of Philippine cities and municipalities created by the National

Competitiveness Council through the Regional Competitiveness Committees

(RCCs) with assistance from the United States Agency for International

Development. In addition, with a total provincial population of 2,051,899, the

province was able to generate a total revenue of PHP 2,304,884,684.67,

summated from various operating local government units in the province. With

the continued business activity accorded by 26 municipalities in the province

(except Iloilo City), the municipalities of Oton, Passi and Lambunao were among

the local units contributed the highest revenue with 4.8%, 4.3% and 4.0%,

respectively (CMCI-DTI, 2022).

According to the study conducted by Delos Reyes (2022), looking at the

local entrepreneurial setting of the province, majority of the businesses like in the

municipality of Estancia, are small firms. The majority of these micro-enterprises,

as heard and even observed by the researchers, depend on loans to maintain

 46

their firms, which may come from either formal or informal finance. One of the

micro-enterprises the researchers have seen that mostly depend on funding is

sari-sari stores.

Research Instruments

For the quantitative part of data-gathering, the researcher will use a

researcher-made survey questionnaire as shown in Appendix I. Aside from

gathering the data about the profile of microenterprises, survey questionnaire will

also include data gathering about the extent of availing BMBE Law benefits.

The survey questionnaire will be having two parts. The first part contains

the profile of the microenterprises comprising data to be obtained; which includes

the type of business, type of business ownership, number of years in the

business, number of employees and type of financial borrowings engaged in.

The second part of the questionnaire contains the extent of availing BMBE

Law incentives and benefits as received and felt by the BMBE owners like

exemption to income tax and fees, exemption to the coverage of minimum wage

law, credit delivery, use of facilities and marketing assistance and trade and

investment promotions. In constructing the researcher-made survey

questionnaire, the researcher will go through a thorough and careful readings of

related studies, periodicals and books to come up with a questionnaire that is

well-reviewed and validated through the aid of the adviser-reviewer, DTI-

Province of Iloilo as the prime validator while Dr. Jimmy G. Tolosa as expert

validator in the field of business research. The instrument will be randomly tested
 47

to three (5) non-respondents (registered BMBE in the neighboring municipalities),

suggestions coming from the non-respondents will be gathered and extracted

leading to the creation of a more valid and reliable research questionnaire.

To obtain the qualitative data of information from the respondents, a

structured focus group discussion (FGD) will be conducted by the researcher thru

Virtual/Online platform – simultaneous group discussion, receiving testimonies,

sentiments and comments from the various identified respondents and

stakeholders namely: the BMBE owners, the consumers, the suppliers, the

employees and the government body.

Data Gathering Procedure

Gathering of Data. In gathering the data necessary in the conduct of the

study, the 70 population respondents will be purposively selected from the list of

registered BMBEs in the province of Iloilo. Permission to conduct the survey will

be requested as well from all authorities concerned. Permission to conduct the

survey will be requested as well from the adviser of the dissertation proposal and

from the Dean of the Graduate Studies of Saint Joseph Institute of Technology.

In analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics will be utilized by the

researcher.

Microenterprises, registered BMBEs in the province to be exact, will be

given a letter enclosed in an envelope together with intent of the researcher to

gather data. The researcher will hand over the letter envelopes to all prospected

respondents and collect the envelopes on the next day or the day preferred by
 48

the respondent. Answers that left blank will be verified by the respondents upon

the receipt of the survey questionnaire and will be asked as to the completion of

the questionnaire if permitted to do so.

For the qualitative form of data, all prospected participants will be

convened via structured focus group discussion (FGD) to be led by the

researcher thru virtual/online platform. Formal request and invitation letters shall

be sent to all concerned stakeholders for the proposed conduct of a structured

group discussion proposing a desired day and time as the case may be.

For cases where the respondents refused to provide the data required, the

researcher will not force the respondents in extracting the data thus, any data not

gathered remained private and confidential to the respondents.

Ethical Considerations

As the research will be conducted by the researcher, the following ethical

considerations will be highly considered following these points that represents

the most important principles related to ethical considerations especially that the

current study deals some identified law and legal basis;

Firstly, research participants should not be subjected to harm in any way

whatsoever. Respect for the dignity of research participants should be prioritized.

Full consent should be obtained from the participants prior to the study. The

protection of the privacy of research participants has to be ensured. Fifth, an

adequate level of confidentiality of the research data should be ensured. The

anonymity of individuals and organizations participating in the research has to be

 49

ensured. Any deception or exaggeration about the aims and objectives of the

research must be avoided. Further, affiliations in any forms, sources of funding,

as well as any possible conflicts of interests have to be declared. Any type of

communication in relation to the research should be done with honesty and

transparency. Moreover, any type of misleading information, as well as

representation of primary data findings in a biased way must be avoided. Lastly,

prior to on-set data gathering procedure both qualitative and quantitative data,

respondents shall formally be informed and be made aware on the use of Ethics

Informed Consent Form from the graduate school of SJIT.

Statistical Treatment

Frequency and Percentage. These tools will be used to describe the

profile of the respondents.

Mean. This tool will be used in deriving averages to describe the extent of

availing the BMBE law benefits.

The following statistical continuum will be used to determine the extent of

Availment of the BMBE Law making its incentives as primary indicators:

Scale Continuum Scale Level Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree Always Availed

4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree Availed

3 2.60 – 3.39 Somewhat Disagree Moderately Availed

2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree Less Availed

1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree Not Availed

 50

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 52

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of-benefits-under-bmbe-law/
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 55

Appendix A (Survey Questionnaire)

THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BARANGAY MICROBUSINESS

ENTERPRISE (BMBE) LAW IN ILOILO:
A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE

To the Respondents:

Please consider each item carefully. Your answer to the questions will help and
provide an advantage in determining the impact of the implementation of the barangay
microbusiness enterprise (BMBE) Law in Iloilo. Rest assured that all of your responses will be
kept with utmost confidentiality and prudence. Further, that it will only be used for legal, lawful
and ethical purposes. Thank you and God bless!
- The Researcher

Name of BMBE (Optional): ___________________________________________

Name of the Proprietor (Optional): _____________________________________

Part I. Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBEs) Profile. Put a Checkmark ( / )

1.1 Types of Business

( ) Retail/Sari-sari Store ( ) Manufacturing ( ) Wholesaling ( ) Service ( ) Others, _______

1.2 Types of Business Ownership:

( ) Sole/Single Proprietorship ( ) Partnership ( ) Cooperative

1.3 Number of years the business existed: _________ years/months

1.4 Number of Employees employed: _________ employee/s

1.5 Type of financial borrowings availed from financial institutions

( ) Special Credit Window ( ) Personal Loan ( ) Commercial Loan ( ) Others,______

Part II. Availment Extent of BMBE Law by registered BMBEs.

Please identify the extent to which each law’s incentives are availed and observed, put a
checkmark (/)
LEGEND: 5 – Strongly Agree 4 – Agree 3 – Somewhat Disagree 2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly Disagree
5 4 3 2 1
BMBE Act of 2002 Privileges and Incentives
A. Exemption from Income Tax and Fees
As a BMBE Law beneficiary, I have…

1. Generated higher monthly income and profitability due to income

tax exemption.
2. Increased capacity in buying more goods/raw materials for resell
or production.
 56

3. Increased capacity in paying business expenses like Utilities,

Rent, Insurance, etc.
4. Less anxiety and fear of being late in filing of micro-business
Income Tax Return on or before the due date
5. Availed non-payment of Income tax and other related fees

6. Increased capitalization due to Exemption from Income Tax

7. Increased capacity in human resources’ payment and generation

8. Increased capacity in paying other regulated fees and government
fees.
B. Exemption from the Coverage of Minimum Wage Law
As a BMBE Law beneficiary, I have…

1. Paid lower amount of wages and salaries to employees.

2. Attracted highly qualified and quality employees.

3. Saved extra money for emergency problems/cases due to human
resource expenses’ savings.
4. Enjoyed the privilege of paying employees below the minimum
wage law
5. Payed employees’ compensation on a timely basis due to lax of
compensation requirements.
6. Increased capacity of providing varied benefits to employees like
SSS, Pag-Ibig, PhilHealth, etc.
7. Increased capacity of hiring more interested workers.
8. Paid employee salary on a timely basis due to lax compensation
policy.
C. Transfer of Technology, Production Management Training
and Marketing Assistance to BMBEs
As a BMBE Law beneficiary, I have…

1. Depended government-aided access and usage of

production/manufacturing/service technologies for business
operations.
2. Depended government-aided access to production management
training and marketing assistance.
3. Increased efficiency during production/operations due to law’s
assistance.
4. Improved employee's skills and productivity due to free
government-initiated trainings.
5. Innovated and invented new products for resell or production
became more likely due to the law’s technology assistance.
6. Attended free business trainings/seminars sponsored/assisted by
participating government agencies and made more accessible and
frequent.
 57

7. Availed relevant trainings and management coaching in

establishing a more efficient and working accounting and simple
bookkeeping system.
8. Availed relevant business trainings that contributed to my
business’ increased profitability.
D. Credit Delivery: More access to financial borrowings from Banks,
Government Banks, Lending Institutions and the like.

As a BMBE Law beneficiary, I have…

1. A convenient and fast special credit line/window that is regularly
accessed when needed
2. Less demand for other regular lending institutions and banks due
to special credit window established for BMBEs
3. Increased capitalization due to access to special credit window for
BMBEs
4. Established a Credit Trust that continuously grow and eventually
increases business’ credit rating.
5. Availed a relatively low interest rates in availing special credit
window/line
6. Availed longer payment terms from law’s special credit services
offerings.
7. Availed an application to special credit window which was made
easier & faster
8. Conveniently accessed special credit window that in turn provided
higher profitability.
E. Promotion, Advertising Aid, etc. extended by the government to
BMBEs

As a BMBE Law beneficiary, I have…

1. Products and services that were promoted by the government
authority like DTI, Negosyo Center, etc.
2. Received and was made aware of the promotion updates and
status by the government authorities
3. Experienced that promotion scheme by the law reaches a wider
extent and scope.
4. Observed and experienced that advertising schemes of the law
reached potential turned into actual investors.
5. Advertising scheme of the law contributed popularity and
attractiveness to the customers
6. Experienced that advertising aid of the law reduces internal
promotion costs and expenses
7. Concluded that promotion and advertising aid of the law built
stronger BMBE reputation.
8. Experienced that promotion and advertising aid of the law
generates higher profitability
 58

Appendix B (Interview Guide for FGD)

THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BARANGAY MICROBUSINESS

ENTERPRISE (BMBE) LAW IN ILOILO:
A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE

WELCOME MESSAGE (By the Researcher/Moderator)

Good day and welcome to our virtual session. Thank you for taking the time to virtually join us to
talk about Republic Act No. 9178 or commonly known as BMBE Act of 2002 – AN ACT TO
PROMOTE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF BARANGAY MICRO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
(BMBEs). For more than 2 decades of its implementation, the researcher enjoins everyone in
attendance to discuss matters relative to the implementation of the law and its impact to various
stakeholders namely; the BMBEs thru its owners, Consumers, Suppliers, Employees and the
Government Body. With this, the researcher wants to extend the warmest appreciation to all
participants of this group discussion.

INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

My name is Mr. Vergel Soon Manipol –the Researcher/Moderator and I have here with me to
assist the proceedings of this session, Mr. Paulo C. Cabanero – Co-Moderator. We're both
connected in the Commission on Higher Education Regional Office VI and we will be your official
moderators in this focus group discussion. This group discussion primarily called upon to gather
factual statements, comments, sentiments and testimonies of all participating stakeholders,
relative to the impact of the implementation of BMBE Law. Conversation flow shall mainly be
governed by a discussion guide to be led by the moderators but a casual and more intimate
conversation is highly appreciated along the course of topics to be conversed.

Firstly, we would like to extend our deep appreciation to the following participating stakeholders in
gracing this virtual group session, we have here Mr.____ .. (the Moderator acknowledges all
session attendees/stakeholders). Thank you very much!

GROUND RULES
Before we formally begin, here are the following rules to be observed across the entire duration of
the session.
1. We encourage all the participating stakeholders to substantially do the talking.
2. There are no right or wrong responses as statements provided are solely based from actual
experiences.
3. After a question that was addressed to everyone, acknowledgment of responses are prioritized
according to series of “raise hand” button received by the moderators.
 59

4. A maximum of 5 minutes’ time limit per response is given as everyone are encouraged to give
their responses directly or on-point responses while relevant short
stories/scenarios/explanations by the stakeholders are highly welcomed.
5. All data disclosed shall be kept with utmost prudence and confidentiality and shall only be used
for official/legal research purposes.
6. Medium of conversation or language shall be in English, Tagalog, Hiligaynon, Bisaya or
mixture/hybrid of any of the following dialects as to ascertain the mode of convenience in
expressing every stakeholders’ statements.
7. To guarantee accuracy and comprehensive translation, interpretation and reportorial purposes
of the entire conversation, this virtual session is advised to be recorded while asking the
consensus and permission from all participating stakeholders.
8. This session is also interested in negative comments as these are treated as positive comments,
since at times the negative comments are the most helpful and constructive.
9. Respect to every single participating stakeholder shall be observed.

DISCUSSION PROPER
As we have all agree on the terms and ground rules of the virtual session, let’s have first this
quick review and information on what is RA No. 9178 and its milestones. (The moderator shall
present a short MS PowerPoint Presentation about BMBE Law for 5-7 minutes)

First Question:
What are the strengths encountered in the implementation of the BMBE Law according to the
following stakeholders;
A. BMBE Owners
Responses:_____________
B. Consumers
Responses:_____________
C. Suppliers
Responses:____________
D. Employees
Responses:____________
E. Government Body
Responses:____________
(Sharing & Convergence Talk) 10-15 minutes

Second Question:
What are the weaknesses encountered in the implementation of the BMBE Law according to the
following stakeholders;
 60

A. BMBE Owners
Responses:_____________
B. Consumers
Responses:_____________
C. Suppliers
Responses:____________
D. Employees
Responses:____________
E. Government Body
Responses:____________
(Sharing & Convergence Talk) 10-15 minutes

Third Question:
What are the perceived financial and personal impact on the implementation of the BMBE Law
according to the following stakeholders;
A. BMBE Owners
Responses:_____________
B. Consumers
Responses:_____________
C. Suppliers
Responses:____________
D. Employees
Responses:____________
E. Government Body
Responses:____________
(Sharing & Convergence Talk) 10-15 minutes

CLOSING
Sufficient expression of thoughts and varied experiences shall pave the way for a better
interpretation, understanding and analysis of the stories shared. At this point in time, this session
truly concluded a very meaningful conversation. We would like to thank everyone for the fruitful
and meaningful sharing and discussion.

Thank you once and again and may the good Lord bless us all!
 61

Curriculum Vitae

Educational Background

Post- Graduate Studies:

Doctor of Philosophy in Management
(Ph.D.M.)
Saint Joseph Institute of Technology
Butuan City (2020-Present)
Completed Academic Requirements
Graduate Studies:
Master in Business Administration
Saint Vincent's College- Dipolog City, 2020
Collegiate:
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy
Student Leadership Awardee
VERGEL SOON MANIPOL, CPA, MBA Saint Vincent's College- Dipolog City,
March 2016
Brgy. Nabitasan, La Paz, Iloilo City 5000 License/Certifications:
0946-491-9758 Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
[email protected] MAY 2017
Certified Paralegal by UP Diliman
Career Objectives College of Law
NC III Bookkeeping (holder)
It's my utmost desire to hone and Basic Education: Secondary
improve my academic professional Katipunan National High School
journey, preference and passion in the field Class Salutatorian
of business, accounting, auditing, law, Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte,
taxation, and contribute to the over-all March 2011
growth of our valued clienteles – Basic Education: Primary:
STUDENTS and General Public- in any Katipunan Central Elementary School
given academic community. In addition, a Class 4th Honors
career that will assure me stability and Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte,
continuous professional learning. March 2007

Employment History

Personal Particulars Education Program Supervisor II

CHED Regional Office VI
Western Visayas
Age : 28 From: January 2022 – Present
Birth Place : Lahug, Cebu City Instructor I, Accountant
Date of Birth : June 16, 1994 BSBA -Program Chairperson
Nationality : Filipino Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Gender : Male Katipunan Campus
Height : 5'6 Brgy. Dos Katipunan,
Weight : 70 kilograms Zamboanga del Norte
Blood Type : O+ From: August 2017 – January 2022
Marital Status : Single Technical Support Associate II
Father : Cyrus Cuenca Microsoft Corporation Account
Manipol Convergys Philippines
Mother(maiden) : Melody Lim Soon Services Corporation
Number of Siblings : 6 Cebu IT Park, Lahug Cebu City 6000
From: June 2016 – December 2016