GCSE Straight Line Equations Question 3: When the point (3, 𝑘) lies on each of these lines, find the

e lines, find the value

of 𝑘.
Exercise 1 – Lines and their Equations a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2
b) 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 2
Question 1: Draw the line with equation 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 (Note the scales)
c) 𝑦 = 3 − 2𝑥
d) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7
e) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1

Question 4: Give the coordinate of the point where each line crosses the (a)
𝑦-axis and (b) the 𝑥-axis.
i) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1
ii) 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 2
1
iii) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1
iv) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4

Question 5: On the grid, draw the graph of y = 4x – 2 (note the axis scales)
1
Question 2: Draw the line with equation 𝑦 = − 𝑥 +1
2

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Question 6: When the point (𝑘, 3) lies on each of these lines, find the value Question 8: Complete the table of values for 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1.
of 𝑘.
𝒙 −2 −1 0 1 2
a) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝒚 1
b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1
c) 𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥
d) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4 Question 9: Put a tick or cross to determine whether each of the following points
are on the line with the given equation.
Question 7. (a) Complete the table of values for 3x + 2y = 6 𝑦=1−𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
(3, −2)
(1,2)
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 1
(2, )
2
y 4.5 3 –1.5 (−1,2)

(b) On the grid, draw the graph of 3x + 2y = 6 Question 10: For the given equation of a line and point, indicate whether the
point is above the line, on the line or below the line. (Hint: Find out first what 𝑦 is
on the line for the given 𝑥)

Below the line On the line Above the line

𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4 (3,11)
𝑥+𝑦=5 (7, −2)
𝑦 = 3 − 2𝑥 (−3,10)
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4 3 4
( , )
4 5

Question 1: The equation of a line is 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐. If the 𝑥 value of some point

on the line is 𝑑, what is the full coordinate of the point, in terms of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑?

Question 2: What is the area of the region enclosed between the line with
equation 2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 3, the 𝑥 axis, and the 𝑦 axis?

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Exercise 2: Gradients and Midpoints 5. If 𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵, and 𝐴 = (4, −3), 𝑀 = (1,1), what is the
coordinate of 𝐵?
1. By rearranging the equations into the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, determine the
gradient of each line.
6. If 𝐴(4,4), 𝐵(16,34) and 𝐶 is a point on the line 𝐴𝐵. Find the coordinates
a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1
of 𝐶 when:
b. 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥
a. 𝐴𝐶: 𝐶𝐵 = 1: 3
c. 𝑦 = 3
b. 𝐴𝐶: 𝐶𝐵 = 2: 3
d. 2𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 4
e. 4𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 1
7. A triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 has the coordinates 𝐴(0,3), 𝐵(6,8), 𝐶(−1,3). A new
f. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1
triangle is formed by joining the midpoints of each of the sides.
g. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −4
h. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 Determine the gradients between each of the three points.
i. 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5
j. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 7

2. Determine the gradient of the line which goes through the following
points.
a. (0,0), (2,2)
b. (1,3), (3,7)
c. (0,5), (4,25)
d. (2,2), (−1,5)
e. (4,3), (10,6)
f. (7,8), (−4, −3)
g. (7,1), (−1,5)
h. (6,5), (8,1)
i. (1,3), (5,10)
j. (−1,4), (9, −5)
k. (1,0), (−2, −4)

3. Determine the midpoint of 𝐴 and 𝐵.

a. 𝐴(3,6), 𝐵(5,8)
b. 𝐴(3,6), 𝐵(19, 9)
c. 𝐴(3,6), 𝐵(−1, −6)
d. 𝐴(−1, 5, 4), 𝐵(−7, −1, 9)

4. If 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 1, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants, determine the gradient of

the line in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏.

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Exercise 3: Equations given gradient/points 5. A line passes through the points (2,5) and (9, 10).
a) Find the equation of the line in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where
1. Find the equation of the line with the specified gradient which goes
𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are integers.
through the specified point, leaving your answer in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥
b) Hence determine the coordinate of the point where the line crosses
a. (4,3), 𝑚 = 2
the 𝑥-axis.
b. (5,20), 𝑚 = 3
6. The line 𝑙1 passes through the points 𝐴(15,11) and 𝐵(21,9) and
c. (4,0), 𝑚 = 5 intercepts the 𝑦-axis at the point 𝐶. The line 𝑙2 passes through 𝐶 and
1
d. (4,3), 𝑚 = 2 𝐷(5,17). Determine the equation of the line 𝑙2 in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐.
e. (−4,3), 𝑚 = −1 7. A line passes through (4, 𝑎 + 13), (𝑎, 4𝑎 + 1) for some constant 𝑎.
1
f. (6,4), 𝑚 = − Determine the gradient of the line.
3
2. Do the same as above, but leave your equations in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 +
𝑐 = 0 where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are integers. (I advise using the formula)
a. (2,3), 𝑚 = 4
1
b. (5,11), 𝑚 =
2
1
c. (7, −2), 𝑚 = 3
2
d. (−2,5), 𝑚 =
3
3
e. (4, −1), 𝑚 =4
3. Find the equation of the line that goes through the following points,
leaving your equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐.
a. (2,3), (6,7)
b. (−1,3), (4, −7)
c. (4,5), (−2,2)
d. (3,7), (9, 5)
4. Determine the equation of this line.

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Exercise 4: Distances between points and points of intersection 5. Line 𝑙1 has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑙2 has the equation 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 12.
The two lines intersect at point 𝐴 and line 𝑙2 intersects the 𝑥 and 𝑦-axis at
1. Find the coordinate of the point of intersection between these lines:
𝐵 and 𝐶 respectively, as indicated. Find the area of:
a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 a. 𝑂𝐴𝐵 (where 𝑂 is the origin)
b. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5, 𝑦 = 𝑥+5 b. 𝑂𝐴𝐶
c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4
d. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6 6. [AQA IGCSEFM Jan 2013 Paper 1 Q16] 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are points on the line
e. 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1, 𝑦 =1−𝑥 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8. 𝐷𝐶𝐸 is a straight line.
2. Find the distance: (giving exact values) 𝐴𝐵: 𝐵𝐶 = 2: 1
𝐸𝐶: 𝐶𝐷 = 1: 2
Work out the ratio:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝐸𝐶: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵𝐶𝐷
Give your answer in its simplest form.

a) 𝐴𝐵 b) 𝐴𝐶
c) 𝐶𝐷 e) 𝐷𝐸
f) 𝐶𝐸

3. Find the distance between the two points where 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 12 crosses the
coordinate axes.

4. Line 𝑙1 passes through (−1,1) and (6,15). Another line 𝑙2 passes through
(0, −12) and (3,3). Determine the coordinate of the point at which they
intersect.

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Exercise 5: Parallel and perpendicular lines 7. Determine the equation of the line 𝑙.

1. Are the following lines parallel, perpendicular or neither?

a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3, 𝑦 = 2𝑥
b. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4, 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 1
1
c. 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 1, 𝑦 = −2𝑥

2. A line is parallel to 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 and goes through the point (4,3). What is

its equation?

3. A line 𝑙1 goes through the indicated point and is perpendicular to another 8. 𝐴(3,7), 𝐵(5,13)
line 𝑙2 . Determine the equation of 𝑙1 in each case. Find the equation of the line passing through 𝐵 and is perpendicular to
a. (2,5) 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 the line passing through 𝐴 and 𝐵, giving your answer in the form
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are integers.
b. (−6,3) 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = 3𝑥
1
c. (0,6) 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = − 𝑥 − 1
2 9. [AQA IGCSEFM June 2012 Paper 1 Q11] 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a kite.
1
d. (−9,0) 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 1 a. Work out the equation of 𝐴𝐶.
3
e. (10,10) 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 5 b. Work out the coordinates of 𝐵.

4. 𝐴(2,5) 𝐵(4,9)
Find the equation of the line which passes through B, and is perpendicular
to the line passing through both A and B.

5. Line 𝑙1 has the equation 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 4. Line 𝑙2 goes through the points

(2,5) and (5,7). Are the lines parallel, perpendicular, or neither?

6. Determine the equation of the line 𝑙.

10. Suppose 𝑂 is the origin, and 𝐴(1,2), 𝐵(4,2), 𝐶(2.2, − 0.4).

Prove that 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a kite.
(Hint: you need to prove two things as part of this.)

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Exercise 6: Mixed Exercises 7. [Edexcel] 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square. 𝑃 and 𝐷 are points on the 𝑦-axis. 𝐴 is a point
on the 𝑥-axis. 𝑃𝐴𝐵 is a straight line. The equation of the line that passes
1. Line 𝑙1 passes through the points (4,5) and (7,11). Line 𝑙2 has the
through the points 𝐴 and 𝐷 is 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 6. Find the length of 𝑃𝐷.
equation 2𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1. Do the lines intersect?

2. 𝐴 is the point (4, −1) and 𝐵 is the point (7,7).

a. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵.
b. Find the distance 𝐴𝐵 to 2 dp.

3. Line 𝑙1 has the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 and line 𝑙2 the equation 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 3.

Find the coordinates of the point at which they intersect.

4. a) Find the gradient of the line with equation 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12.

b) Prove that 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12 and 3𝑦 = 12 − 4𝑥 are perpendicular.

5. A line passes through the points (0,4) and (6,1). Find the equation of the
line in the form:
a. 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
b. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are integers.
8. Determine the equation of this line, putting your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 +
6. Find the coordinates of the points where 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 crosses: 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are integers.
a. The 𝑥-axis.
b. The 𝑦-axis.

9. A triangle consists of the points 𝑃(3, 𝑘), 𝑄(6,8) and 𝑅(10,10). Angle
𝑃𝑄𝑅 is a right angle.
Determine the equation of the line passing through 𝑃 and 𝑅, leaving your
answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are integers.

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