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Notes 2 6

This document provides objectives and examples of reasons that can be used in geometric proofs. It also explains the proof process and provides examples of two-column geometric proofs justifying statements and proving conjectures about angles and segments in diagrams. Key concepts covered include angle bisectors, midpoints, congruent angles and segments, and properties of equality.

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Jobelle Mae Vicente
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
321 views

Notes 2 6

This document provides objectives and examples of reasons that can be used in geometric proofs. It also explains the proof process and provides examples of two-column geometric proofs justifying statements and proving conjectures about angles and segments in diagrams. Key concepts covered include angle bisectors, midpoints, congruent angles and segments, and properties of equality.

Uploaded by

Jobelle Mae Vicente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name ______________________ Date __________ Period ___________

Section 2-6: Geometric Proof


Objectives: 1. Write two-column proofs.
2. Prove geometric theorems by using deductive reasoning.

Choices for Reasons in Proofs


Reason If you see this…. (examples)
Congruent Complements Theorem If two angles are complementary to the same angle (or
to two congruent angles), then the two angles are
congruent.
Congruent Supplements Theorem If two angles are supplementary to the same angle (or
to two congruent angles), then the two angles are
congruent.
Right Angle Theorem If two angles are right angles, then they are
congruent.
Linear Pair Theorem If two angles form a linear pair, then they are
supplementary.
Angle Addition Postulate 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠3
Segment Addition Postulate AB + BC = AC
Reflexive Property of = a=a
Symmetric Property of = If a = b, then b = a.
Transitive Property of = If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
Distributive If a(b + c) then ab + ac.
Substitution If a + b = c and b = 2, then a + 2 = c.
Addition Property of = If a – 4 = 7, then a = 11.
Subtraction Property of = If a + 2 = 10, then a = 8.
Multiplication Property of = If x/2 = 4, then x = 8.
Division Property of = If 3x = 21, then x = 7.
Definition of Congruent Angles Angles that have the same measure.
Definition of Congruent Segments Segments that have the same measure.
Definition of Midpoint Point that divides a segment into two congruent
segments.
Definition of Segment Bisector Line, ray or segment that divides a segment into two
congruent segments.
Definition of Angle Bisector Ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles.
Definition of Right Angle Angle that measures 90 degrees.
Definition of Straight Angle Angle that measures 180 degrees.
Definition of Complementary Two angles that add to 90 degrees.
Definition of Supplementary Two angles that add to 180 degrees.
Definition of Linear Pair Adjacent angles that form a straight angle.
C

F
2 3 E
1 4
A B D

Justify the given statement using the picture above.

1. m∠1 + m∠2 = m∠ABC ____________________________________________________________

̅̅̅̅, then AB = BD. _____________________________________________


2. If B is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐷

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ bisects ∠FBE, then ∠2 ≅ ∠3. __________________________________________________


3. If 𝐵𝐶

4. If ∠1 and ∠FBD are supplementary, then m∠1 + m∠FBD = 180°___________________________

5. If m∠CBD = 90°, then ∠CBD is a right angle. _________________________________________

6. AB + BD = AD __________________________________________________________________

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ bisects ∠FBE. _______________________________________________


7. If m∠2 = m∠3, then 𝐵𝐶

8. If m∠3 + m∠4 = 90°, then ∠3 and ∠4 are complementary. _______________________________

9. If ∠ABC and ∠CBD are right angles, then ∠ABC ≅ ∠CBD. _______________________________

10. If ∠1 ≅ ∠2 and ∠2 ≅ ∠3, then ∠1 ≅ ∠3. _____________________________________________


The following five steps are used to give geometric proofs:
The Proof Process
1. Write the conjecture to be proven.
2. Draw a diagram if one is not provided.
3. State the given information and mark it on the diagram.
4. State the conclusion of the conjecture in terms of the diagram.
5. Plan your argument and prove your conjecture.

Mark the diagram and answer the questions about the following proof.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ bisects ∠EFC.
Given: 𝐹𝐷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐶 bisects ∠DFB.
Prove: ∠EFD ≅ ∠CFB
Proof:

1. 𝐹𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ bisects ∠DFB.


⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ bisects ∠EFC, 𝐹𝐶 1. Given

2. ∠EFD ≅ ∠DFC, ∠DFC ≅ ∠CFB 2. Definition of  bisector

3. m∠EFD  m∠DFC, m∠DFC  m∠CFB 3. Definition of  s

4. m∠EFD  m∠CFB 4. Transitive Property of Equality

5. ∠EFD ≅ ∠CFB 5. Definition of  s

11. What was the given information?

________________________________________________________________________________________
12. What should be marked in the diagram?

________________________________________________________________________________________
13. What was the conjecture to be proved?

________________________________________________________________________________________
14. What titles should be put above the two columns?

________________________________________________________________________________________
15. What property of equality was used to prove the angles congruent?

________________________________________________________________________________________
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is the angle bisector of ∠ABC, and ∠ABD ≅ ∠1.
16. Given: 𝐵𝐷
Prove: ∠DBC ≅ ∠1

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is the angle bisector of ∠ABC.


1. 𝐵𝐷 1. _________________________________
2. ∠ABD ≅ ∠DBC 2. _________________________________
3. ∠ABD ≅ ∠1 3. _________________________________
4. ∠DBC ≅ ∠1 4. _________________________________

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐵
17. Given: B is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
Prove: 𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹

̅̅̅̅
1. B is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶 1.
2. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
AB ≅ BC 2.
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 3.
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 4.

18. Given: N is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑅𝑃, and ̅̅̅̅


𝑀𝑃 , Q is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅ 𝑃𝑄 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑀.
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝑅
Prove: 𝑃𝑁

1. N is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅̅


𝑀𝑃 . 1. _________________________________
2. Q is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑃. 2. _________________________________
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑀 3. _________________________________
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑁𝑀
4. 𝑃𝑄 ̅̅̅̅̅ 4. _________________________________
5. 𝑃𝑁 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑃𝑄 5. _________________________________
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝑅
6. 𝑃𝑄 ̅̅̅̅ 6. _________________________________
7. 𝑃𝑁 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝑅 7. _________________________________
19. Given: ∠4 and ∠5 are supplementary and ∠5 and ∠6 are supplementary.
Prove: ∠4 ≅ ∠6

Statements Reasons
1. ∠4 and ∠5 are supplementary. 1.

2. ∠5 and ∠6 are supplementary. 2.

3. m∠4  m∠5  180 3.

4. m∠5  m∠6  180 4.

5. m∠4  m∠5  m∠5  m∠6 5.

6. m∠4  m∠6 6.

7. ∠4 ≅ ∠6 7.

20. Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are right angles.


Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2

Statements Reasons

1. ∠1 and ∠2 are right angles 1.


2. m∠1 = 90° 2.
3. m∠2 = 90° 3.
4. m∠1 = m∠2 4.

5. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 5.

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