RESEARCH REVIEWER QUARTER 1

 Criteria for choosing a research topic

1. Importance and urgency – should be useful and important to the researcher, school, and the society
2. Interesting – not only to the researcher but also to the readers
3. Research ability – the researcher has the ability and logistics to conduct the study
4. Relevance and moral implication – the research should be timely and practical; should not bring insult or
embarrassment to any person, organization, or institution
5. Budgetary and time requirements – can be finished in desired time and within his budget capacity

 Sources of research problem

1. The researchers’ specialization – perform better in an are where his’ knowledge and abilities are
2. Curiosity and creative ideas of the researcher – questions they want to answer led them there
3. Recommendations from theses’ , dissertations and published researchers
4. Research and development thrust of R & D institution – agencies give fund support for priority areas

 Components of research paper introduction

Component 1: establish the problem or issue you want to research

 Make general statements about the problem/issue

Component 2: Provide an overview on existing thinking about research into your research problem

Component 3: Identify a gap, problem, or unresolved issues in the existing knowledge/research that your research can fill or
identify a research focus that will be useful

Component 4 : state your question, your hypothesis and your knowledge claim, making sure to place your research within the
gap in existing knowledge

Component 5 : Stress the value and relevance of your research

LESSON 1: RESEACH, RESEARCH TITLE , PROBLEM, OBJECTIVES, AND HYPOTHESIS

 Research is a systematic investigation used to update to or to add existing knowledge through the discovery of new
facts.

 Basic research – inquiry aimed at increasing scientific knowledge.

 Applied research – an effort aimed at using basic research for solving problems or developing new
processes, products, or techniques.

 Research title summarizes the main idea/s of the study

 Why does it matter?
It is the portion of the paper that is read firstly and mostly
  Background of the study - establishes the nature of the problem and its origins
 The background explains how you came across the problem and what you did to solve it.

 Research problem – an area of conflict, concern or controversy; can be the research title; the basis of research
activities.
 Helps generate research questions from general to specific that will direct you to extract ideas o focus

 Hypothesis – statement of assumption/prediction, describe as a possible workable based on the info obtained
1. Null statement – negative statement; absence of relationship/ no significant difference between IV and DP
2. Alternative statement -presence of significant relationship or difference between IV and DP

LESSON 2: THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

OF TERMS, SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY, SCOPE AND DELIMINATION OF THE STUDY
 Theoretical framework- a theory explaining why a problem under the study exists (Mercado, 1994 as cited); explains
the connection between certain factors and the problem
 Not all research studies need a theoretical framework, only the research aimed at finding the connection
between independent and dependent variable
 Conceptual framework – a less formal structure and is used for studies in which existing theory is inapplicable or
insufficient.
 The flow of relationships between the variables
 Derived from empirical observations and intituiton.

Functions of theoretical/conceptual framework:

1. Helps the researcher to express abstract concepts and relationships easily/ mathematically or schematically
2. Provides the general framework which can guide data analysis
3. Explains why one variable can possibly affect another or how the independent variable influences the dependent
variable.
 Operational definition of terms – providing a defined list of terms that will be used throughout the study.
 Significance of the study – determines who will benefit from the study and how that specific audience can
benefit from the study
 Scope and limitation of the study
 Scope – the extent to which a research field has been examined and the limits of within which the
investigation will operate; contains facts and theories concerning that subject.
 Limitation- the shortcomings, conditions or influences that cannot be controlled by the researcher that
place restrictions on methodology and conclusions.

PARTS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

  Literature review -the survey of all relevant literature to determine what is known and not known about a particular
topic.
 Characteristics:
 Must be as recent as possible
 Must be objective and unbiased
 Must be relevant to the study
 Based upon genuinely original/true facts or data
 Importance
 Help the researcher understand the topic.
 Helps and guides in locating more sources through the bibliography of the study
 To show the capacity of the research work to new knowledge
 Purpose
 To highlight the significance of the study/research with the kind of evidence it gathered to support the
conclusion of the study
 To recommend the necessity of further study on a topic
 Functions
 Guide the researcher in selecting better research problems
 Replication-a study conducted in another place
 Duplication-using the same respondents

 Types of literature review

1. Argumentative review
2. Integrative review
3. Historical review
4. Systematic review
5. Theoretical review

 Writing the literature review

1. Introduction -identify the topic,significance/importance
2. Body – results or findings
3. Conclusion – summary of analysis

 Literature review is always in APA format

 Chronological-write about materials when they were published
 By publication- demonstrates a more important trend; publication chronology
 By trend – examine sources under another trend; combining recent studies
 Thematic – about the topic or issue rather than the progression of time
 Methodological – focused on methods used

LESSON 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

 Research design – the plan to obtain an answer to research questions or problems; a complete scheme/program of
the research
 Research methods – specific strategy used to implement the plan .
  Research designs
i. Quantitative research designs(4)
1. Descriptive
2. Correlational
3. Quasi-experimental
4. Experimental
ii. Qualitative research designs
1. Grounded theory
2. Phenomenology
3. Ethnography
4. Narrative
5. Case study
iii. Mixed methods
1. Sequential mixed methods
a) Sequential explanatory
b) Sequential explanatory
c) Sequential transformative
2. Concurrent mixed methods
a) Concurrent triangulation
b) Concurrent nested
c) Concurrent transformative
 Non-experimental – usedto observe phenomenon and attempts to establish what caused it: only for small case
studies
 Experimental -a groupis kept underobservation after implementing factorsofcase and effect
 Semi- experimental – quasi indicates similarity. Similar to experimental but at the same time not.
The difference is the control group anindeepntend
Cvariale
Tr amndom assignments

Data analysis _ process of summarizeing the gathered data

Data interpretation – the pross of explaininh the meaning of data and reltes the findins to the results of related studies

A teoretivla framewrol and coeptualframework

Quantitative

 Numbers and atatistcis

Niwninete roretarive
Reuiieres mat respimcets\

Qualitative

FORVUS ON EXPLORING WORDS AND MEANINGS

FEW RESPONDENTS OPEN END QUEATIONS