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AM Modulation and Demodulation

1. Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication where the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in accordance with the message signal. This contrasts with angle modulation which varies the carrier wave's frequency or phase. 2. A Simulink model of an AM modulator was created where the message signal is multiplied by the carrier wave to generate the modulated signal. For demodulation, a square-law detector is used to extract the message signal from the modulated wave. 3. Additional models were made using audio files as the message signal and adding additive white Gaussian noise to simulate transmission over a channel. This allowed observing the effect of noise on signal quality measured by SNR and BER.

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Alemayehu Teshome
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86 views

AM Modulation and Demodulation

1. Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication where the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in accordance with the message signal. This contrasts with angle modulation which varies the carrier wave's frequency or phase. 2. A Simulink model of an AM modulator was created where the message signal is multiplied by the carrier wave to generate the modulated signal. For demodulation, a square-law detector is used to extract the message signal from the modulated wave. 3. Additional models were made using audio files as the message signal and adding additive white Gaussian noise to simulate transmission over a channel. This allowed observing the effect of noise on signal quality measured by SNR and BER.

Uploaded by

Alemayehu Teshome
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building Simulink Model for Amplitude Modulation

Theoretical background
 Amplitude modulation, or AM, is a modulation method used in electronic communication, most
frequently for radio wave transmission of messages. Amplitude modulation involves varying the wave's
amplitude (signal intensity) in accordance to the message signal, such as an audio signal. In contrast to
angle modulation, which uses a carrier wave whose frequency is changed (as in frequency modulation)
or whose phase is changed (as in phase modulation), this method uses a constant carrier wave.
Let ωc=2πfc be the carrier frequency in radians per second where fc>>W. Then the amplitude modulated
signal s(t) can be expressed as

Figure 1: AM Waveforms
Note that: Modulation Property
  m(t) is multiplied by cos(2πfct);

In general, the AM modulation is summarized as:


In case of carrier, which could be used sine or cosine wave. Practically, there is no difference except -90-
degree phase shift.

Demodulation
 For AM demodulation, we will examine the Square-Law and Envelope Detector techniques.

Demodulation by Squaring

The high frequency is removed after filtering,

Simulink Designs, Results and Discussion


1. Building Simulink Model of Amplitude Modulator and Demodulator
Modulation
The Simulink design of an Amplitude modulator is in the following

Figure 2: Amplitude Modulation Model in Simulink


Parameters:
 Signal generator frequency = 1kHz
 Carrier sine wave’s frequency = 20 kHz
 Run the simulation
As it is clearly seen that the AM model is exactly based upon the mathematical foundation provided in the
theoretical section. The message signal is multiplied by the modulation index, then it is added a DC carrier,
finally is multiplied with a sinusoidal carrier signal in order to transmit the AM modulated signal.
Demodulation (Square-Law Demodulator)
The demodulation structure as shown in the following figure:

Figure 3: Square-Law-Demodulator Model in Simulink

Connect the modulation and demodulation models as shown below.

Figure 4: DSB-AM

 Functions of each Blocks:


Input from Multimedia File :this block is used to read multimedia files containing audio, video, or audio and
video data.
 AWGN Channel: is a basic model that can represent the effects of different random process occurring in nature.
Its name indicates:
 Additive: obviously it is to be added to the message & other noises.
 White: indicates that it has uniform power across the frequency band of the message signal, expressed as w/Hz.
 Gaussian: It has a normal distribution (or pdf) with zero mean (μ = 0) and variance(2 ) of 0 (noise spectral density
in w/Hz).
 Noise : it is unwanted signal which enters to the channel.
 Display: used to show the final results.
 Audio Device Writer: To hear output audio from integer converter that is the sent message signal.
 Time Scope : is used to observe the signal in time domain.
 Spectral analyzer : also shows us the signals power frequency spectrum.
 The FIR Rate Converter block: up samples, filters, and down samples input signals. It is optimized for HDL code
generation and operates on one sample of each channel at a time. The block implements a polyphase
architecture to avoid unnecessary arithmetic operations and high intermediate sample rates. Run the model, the
following observation can be seen in time scope.

Figure 5: Signals
Figure 6: Results in Spectrum Analyzers

2. Building Simulink Model using audio from our own source


 Here, we will implement the DSB-AM baseband modulator and demodulator using a music file as a
source. In this case, since the source is a multimedia file rather than a pure sine wave, we need the DSP
process, which is the resampling and filtering. The model is shown below.

Figure 7: Simulink model of the audio transmission using DSB-AM

INPUT OUTPUT
Figure 8: Resampling

Figure 9: Baseband Demodulation

3. Building Simulink Model using audio from our own source with AWGN
channel

Figure 10: Simulink model of the audio transmission using DSB-AM with AWGN
Figure 11: Simulink model of the audio transmission using DSB-AM with AWGN (SNR = 10 dB)

Figure 12: Simulink model of the audio transmission using DSB-AM with AWGN (SNR = 100 dB)
Figure 13: Simulink model of the audio transmission using DSB-AM with AWGN (SNR = 1000 dB)

Bit error rate


The bit error rate is calculated by dividing the quantity of bits received in error by the total number of bits
transmitted within the same time period. A result of 10-9 is generally considered an acceptable bit error rate
for telecommunications, while 10-13 is a more appropriate minimum BER for data transmission.
Summary
In conclusion, Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a simple and effective way to transmit information in analog
radio communication. It works by modulating the amplitude of a carrier wave with the information signal.
Demodulation is used to recover the original information signal from the modulated signal. The Signal-to-
Noise Ratio (SNR) is a measure of the quality of the received signal and is defined as the ratio of the signal
power to the noise power. A high SNR indicates good signal quality, while a low SNR indicates poor signal
quality. The Bit Error Rate (BER) is a measure of the number of errors in the transmitted data. It is defined as
the ratio of the number of errors to the total number of bits transmitted. A low BER indicates good
transmission quality, while a high BER indicates poor transmission quality. In AM systems, the quality of the
signal can be affected by various factors such as interference, noise, and fading. Therefore, it is important to
ensure that the SNR and BER are within acceptable levels to ensure reliable communication.

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