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Biomedical Instrumentation

Biomedical instrumentation involves measuring biological signals generated in the human body like ECG and EMG to help physicians diagnose problems and provide treatment. A biomedical instrumentation system consists of five basic parts: 1) a measurand or physical quantity being measured, 2) a sensor or transducer that converts the measurand to an electrical signal, 3) a signal conditioner that processes the electrical signal, 4) a display that shows the measured parameter, and 5) components for data storage and transmission. Biomedical engineering applies engineering principles and techniques to develop medical devices used for diagnosis and treatment, with an increasing role for computers in processing large datasets from technologies like medical imaging.

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114 views3 pages

Biomedical Instrumentation

Biomedical instrumentation involves measuring biological signals generated in the human body like ECG and EMG to help physicians diagnose problems and provide treatment. A biomedical instrumentation system consists of five basic parts: 1) a measurand or physical quantity being measured, 2) a sensor or transducer that converts the measurand to an electrical signal, 3) a signal conditioner that processes the electrical signal, 4) a display that shows the measured parameter, and 5) components for data storage and transmission. Biomedical engineering applies engineering principles and techniques to develop medical devices used for diagnosis and treatment, with an increasing role for computers in processing large datasets from technologies like medical imaging.

Uploaded by

Jashanpreet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biomedical Instrumentation

Introduction

We use the term “bio” to denote something related to life. When basics of physics

and chemistry get applied to the living things, and we name them as Biophysics and

Biochemistry. So when the discipline of engineering and medicine interacts, it is

called Biomedical Engineering. Biomedical engineering is the application of

knowledge and technologies to solve the problem of the living system. It involves

diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease in human. As the medical field is

emerging, the area of Biomedical Engineering is expanding.

Biomedical Instrumentation

It involves measurement of biological signals like ECG, EMG, or any electrical signals

generated in the human body. Biomedical Instrumentation helps physicians to

diagnose the problem and provide treatment. To measure biological signals and to

design a medical instrument, concepts of electronics and measurement techniques

are needed.

Components of Biomedical Instrumentation System

Any medical instrument consists of the following functional basic parts 

1. Measurand: The measurand is the physical quantity, and the instrumentation

systems measure it. Human body acts as the source for measurand, and it generates

bio-signals. Example: body surface or blood pressure in the heart 

2. Sensor / Transducer: The transducer converts one form of energy to another

form usually electrical energy. For example, the piezoelectric signal which converts

mechanical vibrations into the electrical signal. The transducer produces a usable

output depending on the measurand. The sensor is used to sense the signal from the

source. It is used to interface the signal with the human.


3. Signal Conditioner: Signal conditioning circuits are used to convert the output

from the transducer into an electrical value. The instrument system sends this

quantity to the display or recording system. Generally, signal conditioning process

includes amplification, filtering, analogue to digital and Digital to analogue

conversions. Signal conditioning improves the sensitivity of instruments. 

4. Display: It is used to provide a visual representation of the measured parameter

or quantity. Example: Chart recorder, Cathode Ray oscilloscope (CRO). Sometimes

alarms are used to hear the audio signals. Example: Signals generated in Doppler

Ultrasound Scanner used for Fetal Monitoring.

5. Data Storage and Data Transmission: Data storage is used to store the data and

can be used for future reference. Recent days Electronic Health records are utilized in

hospitals. Data transmission is used in Telemetric systems, where data can be

transmitted from one location to another remotely. 

Conclusion

Bioinstrumentation is the application of electronics and measurement principles

and techniques to develop devices used in diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Computers are becoming increasingly important in bioinstrumentation, from the

microprocessor used to do a variety of small tasks in a single purpose instrument to

the extensive computing power needed to process the large amount of information
in a medical imaging system. Nanofibers prepared from electro spinning of chitosan

represent a simple, efficient and scalable method that is well suited to prepare

clinically relevant materials. Whether it’s the regeneration of nerve tissue, delivery of

antiinflammatory drugs, or keeping a wound sterilized from infection, each form of

biomedical application requires extensive research. Pectin is one of extensively

studied natural biodegradable polymer formulations for drug delivery, wound

dressing and tissue engineering. So far, a limited number of bioactivities have been

identified from isolated compounds and further researches are needed to develop

methods to apply them for the human health promotion.

Biomedical engineering leaders are currently challenged by the task of better

defining the infrastructure of biomedical engineering, its multidisciplinary nature, and

the processes employed to educate new engineers in this changing field. Biomedical

engineers of the future will have to be more aware of applicable governmental

regulations, which set standards for efficacy and safety. If we substitute “biomedical

engineer” for “mechanic” and “technology” for “handicrafts” and “mechanical science,”

we have established the credentials for biomedical engineers of the future, no matter

what he or she may do.

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