International University

The muscles of the head

Ass Prof . SEANG Sophat

 The muscles of the head
• The muscles of the face
• The muscles of mastication
 The muscles of the face
1. The muscles of the scalp; Epicranius
2. The muscles of the eyelids
3. The muscles of the nose
4. The muscles of the mouth
 The muscles of mastication
• Masseter
• Temporalis
• Lateral pterygoid
• Medial pterygoid
• Temporofacia
• Pterygospinous ligament
 The muscles of the face

1. The muscles of the scalp; Epicranius

2. The muscles of the eyelids
3. The muscles of the nose
4. The muscles of the mouth
The muscles of the scalp; Epicranius

• Occipitofrontalis
• Temporoparietalis

• Galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)

 The muscles of the eyelids
• Orbicularis oculi
• Corrugator supercilii
 The muscles of the nose
• Procerus
• Nasalis
 The muscles of the mouth
• Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
• Levator labii superioris
• Zygomaticus minor
• Levator anguli oris
• Zygomaticus major
• Mentalis
• Depressor labii inferioris
• Depressor anguli oris
• Buccinator
• Orbicularis oris
• Risorius (may be absent)
 The muscles of mastication
• Masseter
• Temporalis
• Lateral pterygoid
• Medial pterygoid
• Temporofacia
• Pterygospinous ligament
The muscles of the scalp; Epicranius

• Occipitofrontalis
• Temporoparietalis
• Galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)
Facial Muscles
corrugator
frontalis supercilia
orbicularis
oculi nasalis
zygomaticus
major
minor
 Occipitalis (2 bellies)
• Origin:
–lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line
–external occipital protuberance
• Insertion: galea aponeurosis, over the
occipital bone
• Action: draws back the scalp to raise the
eyebrows and wrinkle the brow
• Blood: occipital artery
• Nerve: posterior auricular branch of facial
nerve
 superior nuchal line

external occipital protuberance

 Frontalis (2 bellies)
• Origin: galea aponeurosis, anterior to the
vertex
• Insertion: skin above the nose and eyes
• Action: draws back the scalp to raise the
eyebrows and wrinkle the brow
• Blood: ophthalmic artery
• Nerve: temporal branch of facial nerve
 Temporoparietalis
• Origine: temporal fascia above ear
• Insertion: galea aponeurotica
• Innervation: temporal branches of facial
nerve
• Action: tightens scalp
 Galea aponevrotica
(epicranial aponeurosis)
• The broad, strong, tendinous sheet
that cover the calvaria and serves as
the attachment for muscle bellies
covering from forehead and occiput
and from the temporal bone on each
side.
 The muscles of the eyelids
• Orbicularis oculi
• Corrugator supercilii
 Orbicularis oculi
• Origin:
– orbital portion: nasal process of frontal bone
– palpebral portion: palpebral ligament
– lacrimal portion: lacrimal crest of lacrimal bone
• Insertion: circumferentially around orbit
meeting in palpebral raphe
• Action: powerfully closes the eye
• Blood: ophthalmic artery
• Nerve: zygomatic branch of facial nerve
 Corrugator supercilii
• Origin: frontal bone just above the nose
• Insertion: skin of the medial portion of the
eyebrows
• Action: draws the eyebrows downward
and medially
• Blood: ophthalmic artery
• Nerve: zygomatic branch of facial nerve
Facial Muscles
corrugator
frontalis supercilii
orbicularis
oculi nasalis
zygomaticus
major
minor
 The muscles of the nose
• Procerus
• Nasalis
 Procerus
• Origin: Fascia aponeurosis covering
nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage
• Insertion: skin of inferior forehead,
between eyebrows
• Action: Depresses medial end of
eyebrows; wrinkles skin over dorsum of
nose
• Nerve: facial nerve
 Nasalis
• Origin: maxilla and nasal cartilage
• Insertion: aponeurosis of nose
• Action: one part widens nostrils
another part depresses nasal
cartilages and compresses nostrils
• Nerve: facial nerve
Facial Muscles
corrugator
frontalis supercilia
orbicularis
oculi nasalis
zygomaticus
major
minor
 The muscles of the mouth
1. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
2. Levator labii superioris
3. Zygomaticus minor
4. Levator anguli oris
5. Zygomaticus major
6. Mentalis
7. Depressor labii inferioris
8. Depressor anguli oris
9. Buccinator
10.Orbicularis oris
11.Risorius (may be absent)
• Origin: frontal process
of maxilla
Levator labii superioris
• Insertion:
alaeque nasi
– upper lip muscles
– nasal cartilage
• Action:
– elevates the upper lip
– flares the nostrils
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal branch
of facial nerve
 Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
• Origin: frontal process of maxilla
• Insertion:
–upper lip muscles
–nasal cartilage
• Action:
–elevates the upper lip
–flares the nostrils
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal branch of facial nerve
• Origin: medial 1/2
of infraorbital Levator labii
margin superioris
• Insertion:
upper lip muscles
• Action: elevates
the upper lip
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal
branch of facial
nerve
• Origin:
Zygomaticus minor
• zygomatic bone,
posterior to
maxillary-
zygomatic suture
• Insertion: skin of
the upper lip
• Action: elevates
the upper lip
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve:buccal
branch of facial
nerve
 Levator anguli oris
• Origin: maxilla, inferior to infraorbital
foramen
• Insertion: modiolus (angle of the
mouth)
• Action: lifts the angle(s) of the mouth
(as in smiling)
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal branch of facial nerve
• Origin: anterior to
zygomatic-temporal
Zygomaticus major
suture
• Insertion: modiolus
(angle of the mouth)
• Action: lifts and
draws back the
angle(s) of the
mouth (as in smiling)
• Blood: facial artery
◆ Nerve:

buccal branch
of facial nerve
 Zygomaticus major
• Origin: anterior to zygomatic-
temporal suture
• Insertion: modiolus (angle of the
mouth)
• Action: lifts and draws back the
angle(s) of the mouth (as in smiling)
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal branch of facial nerve
Facial Muscles
corrugator
frontalis supercilia
orbicularis
oculi nasalis
zygomaticus
major
minor
 Mentalis
• Origin: mandible (chin)
• Insertion: Orbicularis oris
• Action: Elevates and protrudes lower
lip
• Nerve: marginal mandibular (or
cervical), branch of facial nerve.
 Depressor labii inferioris
• Origin: mandible,
– between symphysis and mental foramen
– along oblique line of the mandible
• Insertion: skin of the lower lip
• Action: draws the lower lip downward and
laterally
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: mandibular branch of facial nerve
 Depressor anguli oris
• Origin:
–along the oblique line of mandible
–lateral aspect of mental tubercle of the
mandible
• Insertion: modiolus
• Action: lowers the angle(s) of the mouth
(as in frowning)
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: mandibular branch of facial nerve
 Facial Muscles

levator labii orbicularis

superioris oris
depressor labii
depressor anguli inferioris
oris
mentalis
• Origin:
– posterior alveolar Buccinator
process of maxilla
– posterior alveolar
process of mandible
– along the
pterygomandibular
raphe
• Insertion: modiolus
• Action: compresses the
cheek(s)
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal branch of
facial nerve
 Facial Muscles
frontalis
epicranial
aponeurosis

occipitalis

masseter
risorius

buccinator
 Orbicularis oris
• Origin:
–alveolar border of maxilla
–lateral to midline of mandible
• Insertion:
–circumferentially around mouth
–blends with other muscles
• Action:
–closes the lips
–protrudes the lips
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal branch of facial nerve
 Facial Muscles

levator labii orbicularis

superioris oris
depressor labii
depressor anguli inferioris
oris
mentalis
 Risorius (may be absent)
• Origin: parotid fascia
• Insertion: modiolus (angle of the
mouth)
• Action: draws the mouth laterally (as
in smiling)
• Blood: facial artery
• Nerve: buccal branch of facial nerve
 Facial Muscles
frontalis
epicranial
aponeurosis

occipitalis

masseter
risorius

buccinator
 The muscles of mastication
• Masseter
• Temporalis
• Lateral pterygoid
• Medial pterygoid
• Temporofacia
• Pterygospinous ligament
 Masseter
Origin:
• Superficial:
–zygomatic process of the maxilla
–inferior border of zygomatic arch
• Intermediate: inner surface of zygomatic
arch
• Deep: posterior aspect of inferior border of
zygomatic arch
 Masseter
*Insertion:
• Superficial:
–angle of mandible
–lateral surface of mandibular ramus
• Intermediate: ramus of mandible
• Deep:
–superior ramus of mandible
–coronoid process of mandible
 Facial Muscles
frontalis
epicranial
aponeurosis

occipitalis

masseter
risorius

buccinator
 Masseter
• Action:
-closes the lower jaw (clenches the
teeth)
-may deviate mandible to opposite side
of contraction
• Blood: masseteric artery
• Nerve: masseteric nerve (branch of
mandibular nerve)
• Origin:
-Superior head: lateral
Lateral pterygoid
surface of the greater
wing of the sphenoid
-Inferior head: lateral
surface of the lateral
pterygoid plate
• Insert together:
-neck of the mandibular
condyle
-articular disk of the
TMJ
(temporomandibular joint)
 Lateral pterygoid
• Action:
-deviates mandible to side opposite of
contraction (during chewing)
-opens mouth by protruding mandible
(inferior head)
-closes the mandible (superior head)
• Nerve: lateral pterygoid nerve (branch of
mandibular nerve)
• Blood: lateral pterygoid artery
 Temporalis
• Origin: Temporal fossa
• Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
• Action: Elevates mandible
• Blood: Temporal artery
• Nerve: Temporal nerve ( mandibular
division of trigeminal nerve )
 Medial pterygoid
• Origin:
–medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
of the sphenoid
–palatine bone
–pterygoid fossa
• Insertion:
–inner surface of mandibular ramus
–angle of the mandible
 Medial pterygoid

• Origin:
– medial surface of
lateral pterygoid
plate of the
sphenoid
– palatine bone
– pterygoid fossa

▪Insertion:
inner surface of
mandibular ramus
angle of the mandible
 Medial pterygoid
• Action:
–closes the lower jaw (clenches the
teeth)
–can protrude the mandible in
combination with the lateral
pterygoid
• Blood: medial pterygoid artery
• Nerve: medial pterygoid nerve