Final Internship Report 1ee19cv023
Final Internship Report 1ee19cv023
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Civil Engineering
Submitted by:
KOMALA N
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering
CERTIFICATE
Assistant professor 2.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
If words are considered as the token of acknowledgement, then the words play the heralding role of
With profound gratitude, I thank almighty God for all the blessings showered on me for completing my
Technical Seminar successfully.
I owe my gratitude to the Principal Dr. Santhosh Kumar G , for his wholehearted support and for his kind
co-operation.
I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Umapathi M A, Professor and Head of the Department, Civil
Engineering, EWCE for his profound alacrity and valuable suggestions.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my Guide KOMALA N , Assistant Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering for his/her constant technical support and stupendous encouragement, which
enabled me to complete Technical Seminar successfully.
I also extend my thanks to all faculties for their valuable guidance. I also like to thank my fellow
Finally, I thank entire Civil Engineering Department for excellent facilities and encouragement
SAMARTH BIRADAR
IEE19CV023
CERTIFICATE
CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL FOR RESIDENCIAL BUILDINGS
INDEX
CONTENT PAGE NO
About the company ........................................................................ 1
Project details ................................................................................ 2
Abstract… ................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER1
Introduction
1.1 Foundation
1.2 Retaining wall ................................................................ 4
CHAPTER2
2.1 Survey before Foundation and retaining wall ........... 6
2.2 Foundation operations ........................ 6
2.3 Retaining wall operations .................... 6
CHAPTER 3
Concreting of foundation and retaining wall............................. 7
CHAPTER84
Necessary of foundation and Retaining wall .......................................... 15
CHAPTER 5
Types of foundation and retaining wall ................................................... 16
CHAPTER 6 General description of work in site .................................. 17
CHAPTER 7
Layout details of foundation and retaining
wall .............................................20
CHAPTER 8
Materials used
8.1 Reinforcement................................................ 21
LIST OF FIGURES
Content Page no
Figure 1: Marking of Foundation 9
Figure 2: Construction of foundation 9
Figure 3: Construction of Retaining wall 10
Figure 4: shuttering of retaining wall 11
Figure 5: Reinforcement of retaining wall 11
Figure 6: Concreting of foundation 13
Figure 7: Concreting of Retaining wall 13
Figure 8: Foundation details 19
Figure 9: Footing Scheduling 20
Figure 10: Retaining wall Details 21
PROJECT DETAILS
• Type: G+2 Residential Building
• Face of Building: North Facing
• Location: Gidada konenahalli, Visveswaraya 8th block, Banglore-560091
• Total Project Area: 30*40=1200sqft
• Estimation cost of building: 75 lakhs
• Estimation cost of Foundation and Retaining wall: 16 lakhs
Unique planning and constructions Company founded, owned, managed, controlled and
directed by qualified and experienced Engineers and contractors. It was established in the year
2021. It provides Planning, structural designing, 3D elevations, Interior designing, Estimation,
Construction, Sale building, and surveying services in the public sector with a focus on design,
drawings, construction supervision, monitoring, project management, cost engineering,
construction management, quality monitoring and quantity surveying. The company is
associated with highly qualified professionals with extensive experience, technical
competency, managerial capacity and reliability. Extensive experience in planning and project
execution of Residential, Institutional and commercial projects. The firm has been in operation
for the Three years, prides its work experience from a variety of talented personnel in different
areas of specialties and carries a combined experience of over 3 years that has been seconded
to it by its director, associates and other key employees. The director and associates have
extensive knowledge and expertise in the built environment industry hence the decision to
establish their own company and empower themselves.
ABSTRACT
Foundation is a crucial element of any structure that supports the weight of the building
and transfers it to the soil or rock beneath it. The primary function of a foundation is to
distribute the loads from the structure efficiently into the ground and prevent settlement
and movement. The design of a foundation depends on several factors such as the type of
soil, the load-bearing capacity of the soil, and the magnitude and type of load imposed by
the structure. The most common types of foundations are shallow foundations like spread
footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles and drilled shafts. Shallow
foundations are suitable for smaller structures with light loads, while deep foundations are
used for larger structures with heavier loads. Foundations can also be designed to resist
lateral forces such as wind, earthquakes, and floods. Proper foundation design and
construction are essential for the structural integrity and longevity of any building or
structure. A poorly designed or constructed foundation can lead to settlement, cracking,
and other structural problems that can compromise the safety of the building. In conclusion,
foundations are an essential component of any structure that provides support and stability
to the building. Careful consideration of the site conditions and loads is necessary for proper
foundation design and construction, which ensures the safety and longevity of the structure.
A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure exerted
by soil or other materials. The primary purpose of a retaining wall is to retain soil, prevent
erosion, and stabilize slopes. Retaining walls can be made from a variety of materials
including concrete, masonry, steel, wood or timber, and reinforced soil or geo synthetics.
The design of a retaining wall depends on several factors such as the type of soil, height
and slope of the retained material, drainage requirements, and aesthetic considerations.
Proper design and construction are crucial for the safety and longevity of the retaining wall.
Retaining walls are commonly used in civil engineering projects such as roadways, bridges,
parking lots, and landscaping. They can also be found in residential settings like gardens,
backyards, and terraced landscapes. In summary, retaining walls provide a practical
solution for managing steep slopes and retaining soil. They require careful consideration of
design and construction to ensure they perform their intended function and remain safe over
time.
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 FOUNDATION
• A foundation is the structural component of a building or a structure that transfers the
weight of the building onto the ground beneath it. Its purpose is to provide strength and
stability to the structure above it, ensuring it remains level and safe.
• Foundations come in different types, including shallow foundations such as slab-on-
grade, strip foundations, and mat foundations, as well as deep foundations such as piles
and drilled piers. The type of foundation selected will depend on various factors like
soil conditions, building height, and load-bearing capacity, among others.
Both foundations and retaining walls are critical components of any construction
project, and their proper design and construction are essential for the safety and
durability of the structure they support.
CHAPTER-2
1. Soil type and bearing capacity: The type of soil on the site will impact the foundation
design. A geotechnical report can help determine the soil bearing capacity and advise
2. Topography and slope stability: The site's topography and any slopes must be
evaluated for potential slope instability that could affect the foundation's stability.
4. Adjacent structures and utilities: Any existing nearby structures, underground utilities
5. Local building codes and regulations: All local building codes and regulations must
By taking these factors into consideration, a thorough site analysis can be performed
the foundation. Shoring may also be necessary to prevent collapse of the excavation
3. Footing Placement: After the excavation, footings are placed at the base of the
foundation. Footings are large concrete pads that distribute the weight of the structure
4. Reinforcement Placement: Once the footings have been placed, steel reinforcement
bars (rebar) are installed to provide additional strength and durability to the
foundation.
5. Formwork Installation: Formwork is then installed around the footing and rebar to
create a mold for the concrete pour. This ensures that the concrete is poured in the
6. Concrete Pouring: The concrete is then poured into the formwork. It is leveled and
7. Curing: After pouring, the concrete needs time to cure. During this time, it gains
strength and becomes more durable. The curing time depends on various factors like
8. Backfilling: Finally, backfilling is done around the foundation to fill in any gaps left
These steps are crucial in ensuring a strong and stable foundation that can support the
weight of the building above it. Proper planning, execution, and quality control are
essential in foundation operations.
crucial to perform soil testing. The soil analysis will determine the proper type of
2. Excavation: The site needs to be excavated to the proper depth and dimension for the
foundation and retaining wall, which also includes the removal of any rock or debris.
3. Drainage: Proper drainage is essential for foundations and retaining walls to ensure
that groundwater does not seep into and damage the structure. Drainage systems could
areas prone to moisture. Applying a waterproof membrane on the surface can help
7. Proper Backfilling: The area behind a retaining wall needs to be backfilled properly
with the right material to avoid any collapse or compromise of the structure.
By ensuring these necessities are met, the foundation and retaining wall will be
structurally sound and durable for years to come. Site Preparation: Before any
foundation work can begin, the site must be cleared of any debris, vegetation or other
obstacles that may interfere with construction.
CHAPTER-3
3.1 CONCRETING OF FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL
2. Reinforcement: Once the formwork is built, steel reinforcement bars or mesh are laid
3. Pouring the concrete: The concrete is mixed in a batching plant and then poured into
the formwork. Care must be taken to ensure that the concrete is of the right consistency
and free of air pockets. The concrete is then leveled, screeded, and smoothed with tools
4. Curing: The concrete needs to be allowed to cure properly. This is a critical step as it
ensures the concrete reaches its maximum strength. The curing process typically takes
around 28 days.
5. Removal of formwork: Once the curing process is complete, the formwork is removed.
This exposes the foundation and retaining wall, which can now be inspected for any
defects.
6. Finishing: After the formwork is removed, the foundation and retaining wall are
smoothed and finished as required. This can include painting or other surface treatments
Overall, concreting the foundation and retaining wall requires careful planning and
execution to ensure that the structure is safe and will last for years to come.
CHAPTER-4
4.1 NECESSITY OF FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL
Foundation and retaining walls are essential components of any building construction. Here
are the reasons why they are necessary:
1. Load bearing: Foundation supports the weight of the building and transfers it to the
ground. Without a proper foundation, the building can easily sink or collapse.
2. Stability: Retaining walls prevent soil erosion and provide stability to the land on which
the building is constructed. They are built to retain soil and prevent it from sliding
down.
3. Slope stabilization: Retaining walls are important for stabilizing slopes and preventing
landslides. They provide a strong resistance to the pressure caused by the weight of the
soil.
4. Flood protection: In flood-prone areas, foundation and retaining walls can help minimize
damage to buildings by protecting them from the impact of floodwaters.
5. Aesthetics: Retaining walls can also enhance the overall appearance of a property By
creating distinct landscaping features, such as terraced gardens.
CHAPTER-5
TYPES OF FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL
5.1 TYPES OF FOUNDATION
There are several types of foundation and retaining wall structures that are commonly
used in building construction. The primary types of foundations are:
1. Strip foundation: This is the most common type of foundation used in residential
construction. It involves a concrete strip that supports the walls of the building.
2. Raft foundation: This is a reinforced concrete slab that is used to support the entire
building. It is commonly used in areas with weak soil or when the ground is uneven.
3. Pile foundation: This type of foundation consists of deep concrete or steel columns that
are drilled into the ground to provide support for the building. It is often used for larger
buildings or in areas with soft soil.
4. Pad foundation: This is a simple foundation that involves placing a concrete pad on the
ground and supporting the load of the building directly on the pad.
CHAPTER-6
DESCRIPTION OF WORK
In construction, site work includes the scope of work related to the exterior of a project.
Surveying, grading, excavation, site utilities, paving, concrete work and landscaping
are all examples that can be included in site work projects.
In short, site work prepares the land to build a physical structure. It’s critical to keeping
the project moving smoothly, both for the eventual construction of the building’s shell
and its future interior build out.
SURVEYING
Surveying is the first step to any ground up project as it sets the lay of the construction
land. Surveyors are experts in positioning and measurement. They create an accurate
topographical map, make precise locations for foundations, map out boundaries and
settle land disputes between neighbors.
SITE UTILITIES
The installation of site utilities brings the gas, water, electric, fire mains, storm and
sewer to the building. Utilities are brought in through a variety of materials in different
sizes. Cast iron, concrete, metal and thermoplastic pipes can be used during this stage.
The pipes are excavated and laid down on top of some form of bedding material. After
inspection, they’re backfilled and leveled to grade.
LANDSCAPING
While it may be the finishing touch of construction, many factors, beyond planting trees
and grass, are involved in landscaping. Terrain, soil qualities, potential erosion and
native flora must all be considered during landscaping. A well-done landscape goes
deeper than looks.
CHAPTER-7
PLAN DETAIL OF FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALL
CHAPTER-8
MATERIALS USED
8.1 Reinforcement
1. In the construction of the foundation and the column we used Fe 500 grade steel for
reinforcement.
2. All the size of 8mm,10mm,12mm,16mm,20mm,25mm dia steel rods are used.
8.2 Concreting
1. Concrete is mixture of cement, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and water.
2. In site we used M20 (1:1.5:3) concrete ratio.
3. 53 Grade Portland cement is used, this grade cement has the fast-setting time
compared to other grades.
4. It almost sets in 4 hours of time.
CONCLUSION
The internship is a bridge between the theoretical knowledge and the practical
or the reality work at the field of construction or civil engineering work.
we all who take the internship class go the companies that already working
either as a consultant or a contractor. This program played an important role to
break the conventional thought that field works can be only implemented by
students who hold a degree or people who have an experience in building
construction.
As an undergraduate, this training program was an excellent opportunity for me
to get to the ground level and experience the things that I would have never
gained through going straight intoa job. Internship was very great opportunity I
got to apply the theories that I learnt with the real industry for real situations.
Having exposed to situations I was able to obtain lot of experiences which will
be helpful to attain success in my future career as an engineer.
Finally, I can say with a great pleasure that 30 days of internship was a helpful
period for me to excel my skills.
The experience I gained through this training program will be a strong
foundation to my career.
Work Culture
Work Culture emphasizes:
o Freedom to experiment.
o Continuous learning and training
o Transparency
o Quality in all aspects of work
o Rewards based on performance and potential.
Human Resources Department believes that Quality is the hallmark of any successful
Venture. Quality Training and Development of Human Resources is realized through:
Identifying training needs within the Organization and designing and implementing those
need based training programs to bring about continuous up-gradation of knowledge, skills
and employee attitudes.
Company Details
Creative Architects and engineers is a company established in 2021, Mr. Harish N is the
chief contractor. The company undertakes various projects such as Residential buildings,
Commercial buildings, public buildings etc.