This article is about the country. For the bird, see Turkey (bird).
For other uses,
see Turkey (disambiguation).
"Türkiye" and "Turkiye" redirect here. For other uses, see Turkiye
(disambiguation).
Republic of Türkiye
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)
Flag of Turkey
Flag
Anthem:
İstiklal Marşı (Turkish)
"The Independence March"
1:17
Location of Turkey
Capital Ankara
39°N 35°E
Largest city Istanbul
41°1′N 28°57′E
Official languages Turkish[1][2]
Spoken languages
Predominantly Turkish[3]
List
Ethnic groups (2016)[4]
70–75% Turks
19% Kurds
6–11% others
Religion See religion in Turkey
Demonym(s)
TurkishTurk
Government Unitary presidential constitutional republic
• President
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
• Vice President
Cevdet Yılmaz
• Assembly Speaker
Devlet Bahçeli
• Chief Judge
Zühtü Arslan
Legislature Grand National Assembly
Establishment
• Ottoman Empire
c. 1299
• War of Independence
19 May 1919
• Government of the Grand National Assembly
23 April 1920
• Treaty of Lausanne
24 July 1923
• Republic declared
29 October 1923
• Current constitution
9 November 1982[5]
Area
• Total
783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) (36th)
• Water (%)
2.03 (2015)[6]
Population
• December 2022 estimate
Neutral increase 85,279,553[7] (18th)
• Density
111[7]/km2 (287.5/sq mi) (107th)
GDP (PPP) 2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $3.573 trillion[8] (11th)
• Per capita
Increase $41,412[8] (46th)
GDP (nominal) 2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.029 trillion[8] (19th)
• Per capita
Increase $11,932[8] (71st)
Gini (2019) Steady 41.9[9]
medium
HDI (2021) Increase 0.838[10]
very high · 48th
Currency Turkish lira (₺) (TRY)
Time zone UTC+3 (TRT)
Date format dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Driving side right
Calling code +90
ISO 3166 code TR
Internet TLD .tr
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye, pronounced [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of
Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] (listen)), is a
transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia,
with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It borders the
Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to
the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the
Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is off the
south coast. Most of the country's citizens are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the
largest ethnic minority.[4] Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city;
Istanbul is its largest city and main financial centre.
One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was
home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe, and was inhabited by ancient
civilizations including the Hattians, Hittites, Anatolian peoples, Greeks,
Assyrians, Persians, and others.[11][12][13][14]This article is about the country.
For the bird, see Turkey (bird). For other uses, see Turkey (disambiguation).
"Türkiye" and "Turkiye" redirect here. For other uses, see Turkiye
(disambiguation).
Republic of Türkiye
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)
Flag of Turkey
Flag
Anthem:
İstiklal Marşı (Turkish)
"The Independence March"
1:17
Location of Turkey
Capital Ankara
39°N 35°E
Largest city Istanbul
41°1′N 28°57′E
Official languages Turkish[1][2]
Spoken languages
Predominantly Turkish[3]
List
Ethnic groups (2016)[4]
70–75% Turks
19% Kurds
6–11% others
Religion See religion in Turkey
Demonym(s)
TurkishTurk
Government Unitary presidential constitutional republic
• President
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
• Vice President
Cevdet Yılmaz
• Assembly Speaker
Devlet Bahçeli
• Chief Judge
Zühtü Arslan
Legislature Grand National Assembly
Establishment
• Ottoman Empire
c. 1299
• War of Independence
19 May 1919
• Government of the Grand National Assembly
23 April 1920
• Treaty of Lausanne
24 July 1923
• Republic declared
29 October 1923
• Current constitution
9 November 1982[5]
Area
• Total
783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) (36th)
• Water (%)
2.03 (2015)[6]
Population
• December 2022 estimate
Neutral increase 85,279,553[7] (18th)
• Density
111[7]/km2 (287.5/sq mi) (107th)
GDP (PPP) 2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $3.573 trillion[8] (11th)
• Per capita
Increase $41,412[8] (46th)
GDP (nominal) 2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.029 trillion[8] (19th)
• Per capita
Increase $11,932[8] (71st)
Gini (2019) Steady 41.9[9]
medium
HDI (2021) Increase 0.838[10]
very high · 48th
Currency Turkish lira (₺) (TRY)
Time zone UTC+3 (TRT)
Date format dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Driving side right
Calling code +90
ISO 3166 code TR
Internet TLD .tr
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye, pronounced [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of
Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] (listen)), is a
transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia,
with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It borders the
Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to
the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the
Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is off the
south coast. Most of the country's citizens are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the
largest ethnic minority.[4] Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city;
Istanbul is its largest city and main financial centre.
One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was
home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe, and was inhabited by ancient
civilizations including the Hattians, Hittites, Anatolian peoples, Greeks,
Assyrians, Persians, and others.[11][12][13][14]
