National Normative Aspects (NNA)

for
PORTUGAL

based on EN 50341-1:2001
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 2/35 - Portugal

Contents
Foreword................................................................................................................................. 4

1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 5

2 Definitions, symbols and references................................................................................ 5

2.3 References.................................................................................................................. 5
3 Basis of design ................................................................................................................ 6
3.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.2 Reliability of overhead lines .......................................................................................... 7
4 Actions on lines ............................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Actions, General Approach........................................................................................... 7
4.2.2 Wind loads .................................................................................................................. 7
4.2.2.1.2 Mean Wind Speed Vmean .............................................................................................. 7
4.2.2.1.4 Turbulence, terrain category and gust factor .................................................................. 7
4.2.2.1.5 Reference wind speed VR ............................................................................................ 7
4.2.2.1.6 Wind speed Vh at arbitrary heigth h above the ground ................................................... 7
4.2.2.2 Dynamic wind pressure q h ........................................................................................... 8
4.2.2.4.1 Wind forces on conductors ........................................................................................... 8
4.2.2.4.3 Wind forces on lattice towers ....................................................................................... 9
4.2.2.4.4 Wind forces on poles ................................................................................................. 10
4.2.3 Ice loads ................................................................................................................... 11
4.2.4 Combined wind and ice loads ..................................................................................... 11
4.2.4.2 Drag factors and ice densities ..................................................................................... 12
4.2.5 Temperature effects................................................................................................... 12
4.2.7 Security loads ............................................................................................................ 12
4.2.8 Forces due to short-circuit currents ............................................................................. 13
4.2.9 Other special forces ................................................................................................... 13
4.2.10.1 Load cases................................................................................................................ 13
4.2.10.2 Standard load cases .................................................................................................. 14
4.2.11 Partial factors for actions ............................................................................................ 19
5 Electrical requirements .................................................................................................. 19
5.2.1 Normal current........................................................................................................... 19
5.2.2 Short-circuit current.................................................................................................... 20
5.3.3.5 Lightning performance of overhead lines ..................................................................... 21
5.3.5 Electrical clearance distances to avoid flashover.......................................................... 21
5.4 Internal and external clearances ................................................................................. 24
5.4.2.2 Load cases for calculation of clearances ..................................................................... 24
5.4.3 Clearances within the span and at the support ............................................................. 25
5.4.4 Clearances to ground in areas remote from buildings, roads, railways and navigable
waterways 25
5.4.5.2 Residential and other buildings ................................................................................... 26
5.4.5.3 Traffic Routes ............................................................................................................ 27
5.4.5.4 Other overhead power lines or overhead telecommunication lines .................................. 28
5.4.5.5 Recreational areas (playgrounds, sports areas, etc.)..................................................... 28
5.5.1 Radio noise ............................................................................................................... 28
5.5.2 Audible noise............................................................................................................. 28
5.6.1 Electric and magnetic fields under a line...................................................................... 29
5.6.2 Electric and magnetic field induction ........................................................................... 29
6 Earthing systems ........................................................................................................... 29
6.2.2.2 Earthing and bonding conductors ................................................................................. 29
6.2.4.1 Permissible values ...................................................................................................... 29
6.2.4.2 Measures for observance of permissible touch voltages ................................................ 31
6.2.4.3 Touch voltage limits at different locations...................................................................... 32
6.2.4.4 Measures in systems with isolated neutral or resonant earthing ..................................... 32
6.3.2 Transferred potentials ................................................................................................. 32
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7 Supports ........................................................................................................................ 32
7.6 Concrete poles .......................................................................................................... 32
7.6.2 Basis of design .......................................................................................................... 32
7.6.2.3 Lateral reinforcement ................................................................................................. 33
7.6.3 Materials ................................................................................................................... 33
7.6.4 Serviceability limit states ............................................................................................ 33
7.6.5 Ultimate limit states.................................................................................................... 33
7.6.6 Design assisted by testing.......................................................................................... 33
7.10 Maintenance facilities ................................................................................................. 34
8 Foundations................................................................................................................... 34
8.5.2 Geotechnical design by calculation ............................................................................. 34
8.5.3 Geotechnical design by prescriptive measures ............................................................ 34
9 Conductors and overhead earthwires (ground wires) with or without telecommunication
circuits.................................................................................................................................. 34
9.2.2 Electrical requirements............................................................................................... 34
9.2.4 Mechanical requirements ........................................................................................... 34
10 Insulators.................................................................................................................... 35
10.7 Mechanical requirements ........................................................................................... 35
10.16 Selection, delivery and installation of insulators ........................................................... 35
11 Live equipments – overhead line fittings .................................................................... 35
11.2 Electrical requirements............................................................................................... 35
11.6 Mechanical requirements ........................................................................................... 35
12 Quality assurance, checks and taking ........................................................................ 35
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 4/35 - Portugal

Foreword

1 The Portuguese National Committee (NC) is identified by the following address:

Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ) (Portuguese Institute for Quality)
Rua António Geão,2
2829-513 Caparica
Portugal
Phone no. +351 121 294 81 00
Fax no. +351 121 294 81 01
Name/number of relevant subcommittee:
CTE-11 “Overhead Electrical Lines exceeding 1 kV AC (1,5 kV DC)”

2 The Portuguese NC has prepared this Part 3-17 of EN 50341, listing the portuguese
national normative aspects, under its sole responsibility, and duly passed it through the
CENELEC and CLC/TC 11 procedures.

NOTE The Portuguese NC also takes sole responsibility for the technically correct coordination of
this EN 50341-3-17 with EN 50341-1. It has performed the necessary checks in the frame of quality
assurance/control.
It is noted however that this quality assurance/control has been made in the framework of the
general responsibility of a standards committee under the national laws/regulations.

3 This EN 50341-3-17 is normative in Portugal and informative for other countries.

4 This EN 50341-3-17 has to be read in conjunction with EN 50341-1, hereinafter referred to

as Part 1. All clause numbers used in this Part 3-17 correspond to those of Part 1. Specific
subclauses, which are prefixed “PT”, are to be read as amendments to the relevant text in
Part 1. Any necessary clarification regarding the application of Part 3-17 in conjunction
with Part 1 shall be referred to the Portuguese NC who will, in co-operation with CLC/TC
11 clarify the requirements.

When no reference is made in Part 3-17 to a specific subclause, then Part 1 applies.

5 In the case of “boxed values” defined in Part 1, amended values (if any) which are defined
in Part 3-17 shall be taken into account in Portugal.

However any boxed value, wether in Part 1 or Part 3-17, shall not be amended in the
direction of greater risk in a Project Specification.

6 The Portuguese NC declares in accordance with subclause 3.1 of Part 1 that this Part 3-
17 follows the “General Approach” (clause 4.2), and that consequently subclause 4.3
“Empirical Approach” is not applicable for Portugal.

7 The national Portuguese standards/regulations related to overhead electrical lines

exceeding 45 kV(A.C.) are identified/listed in 2.3.

NOTE All national standards referred to in this Part 3-17 will be replaced by relevant European
Standards as soon as they become available and are declared by the Portuguese NC to be
applicable and thus reported to the secretary of CLC/TC 11.
Portugal - 5/35 - EN 50341-3-17:2001

Clause National regulation

(Type)

1 Scope

(ncpt) PT.1 Scope

Notes under clause 1 of the Main Body are normative in Portugal. Special requirements for
existing overhead lines are given under clause 1/PT.2. Special requirements for insulated
conductors are given under clause 1/PT.3.

(ncpt) PT.2 Application to existing overhead lines

The Main Body and this Part 3-17 is applicable for new overhead electrical lines only, not for
existing lines in Portugal. If some planning/design or modification works on existing lines in
Portugal has to be performed, the former version of the Portuguese Code “Regulamento de
Segurança para Linhas Eléctricas de Alta Tensão – Decreto Regulamentar 1/92” may be
followed.

NOTE When globally upgrading a line, the option of making the upgrading compatible with this Part 3-17 shall be
approved by the Portuguese Authorities responsible for the approval of the project in a case by case basis.

(ncpt) PT.3 Application to insulated conductors

Insulated conductors shall be specified in a case by case basis in Project Specifications,
taking into account the applicable requirements as stated in clause 1 of the Main Body.

2 Definitions, symbols and references

2.3 References
(ncpt) PT.1 National normative laws
Decreto Regulamentar nº 1/92:
REGULAMENTO DE SEGURANÇA DE LINHAS ELÉCTRICAS DE ALTA TENSÃO
(RSLEAT)
Safety Code for High-voltage Lines

NOTE 1 The above code has specifications for both under and above 45 kV overhead lines as well as for
underground lines.

Decretos-Lei nºs: 182/95, 184/95 e 185/95, modificados pelos Decretos-Lei nºs: 56/97 e
198/2000:
Legislação do Sector Eléctrico, Transporte e Distribuição de Energia Elétrica
Legislation of the Electrical Sector, Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy

Decreto-Lei nº 251/87:
REGULAMENTO GERAL SOBRE O RUIDO
General Regulation on Acoustic Noise.

Decreto-Lei nº 69/2000:
REGIME DE AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTE AMBIENTAL
Environmental Impact Assessment

NOTE 2 This law states which overhead lines shall be subjected to a formal Environmental Impact Assessment
Process, and be subject to the approval of the Environment Ministry.

(ncpt) PT.2 Informative documents

REGULAMENTO DE SEGURANÇA E ACÇÕES PARA ESTRUTURAS DE EDIFÍCIOS E
PONTES
Safety and Actions Code for Buildings and Bridges.
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 6/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

EUROPEAN COMISSION
Dirtectorate-General V – Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs
“Public health and safety at work
Non-ionizing radiation
Sources, exposure and health effects” (1996).

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

“Council recommendation on the limitation of exposure of the general public to
electromagnetic fields (0 Hz – 300 GHz)”, 5 July 1999, approved by member states at the
th
2188 Council meeting in 8 June 1999.

IRPA/INIRC, 1990
Interim guidelines on limits of exposure to 50/60 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Health
Physics,58.

AfK RECOMMENDATION N. 3
“Measures for the installation and operation of pipelines in the vicinity of three-phase high
voltage systems and single-line traction systems”.

EPRI – Electric Power Research Institute

“Mutual design considerations for overhead AC transmission lines and gas transmission
pipelines – Vol 1 : Engineering analysis”, September 1978.

“Mutual design considerations for overhead AC transmission lines and gas transmission
pipelines – Vol 2 : Prediction and mitigation procedures”, September 1978.

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

Directive 97/11/CE on the evaluation of the environmental impact of certain public and
private projects

NOTE 3 The above directive specifies for overhead lines of 220 kV and above, whose length is above 15 km;
however, it can be regulated in the near future within Portugal otherwise (for instance, demanding environmental
evaluation for all lines above 100 kV).

CIRCULAR DE INFORMAÇÃO AERONÁUTICA 3/87 (10 de Abril)

Obstáculos Artificiais – Limitações e Balizagem
Portuguese Aeronautics Authority
Guidelines regarding limitations on obstacle height and use of cable and tower day and night
markers
NOTE 4 The document above gives general guidelines; the Aeronautics Authority shall give formal approval on a
case by case basis to each project.

NP-261 : 1961 Linhas Eléctricas. Postes de Betão Armado. Dimensionamento, Fabricação e

Ensaios.
Portuguese Standard NP-261:1961 Overhead Electrical Lines. Reinforced Concrete Poles.
Design, Manufacturing and Testing.

3 Basis of design
3.1 General
(ncpt) PT.1
The design of the Portuguese overhead lines shall be based on 4.2 Actions, General
Approach. Some of the design parameters hereby indicated are based on statistical records
(i.e. wind loads) and some have been calibrated from empirical values (i.e. ice loads).
Subclause 4.3 Actions, Empirical Approach and parts related to it are not applicable.
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

3.2.2 Reliability of overhead lines

(ncpt) PT.1
Reliability level 3 shall be generally considered.

NOTE 1 In the case of temporary lines Portuguese Authorities may allow a reliability level lower than 3.

NOTE 2 A temporary line shall not have a life span greater than 3 years. The duration of a temporary line shall be
restricted to the absolute necessary. Portuguese Authorities may enforce the dismounting, removal or substitution of
a temporary line.

NOTE 3 The reliability level of temporary lines may be specified in Project Specifications.

4 Actions on lines
4.2 Actions, General Approach
(ncpt) PT.1 Forces from conductors
Conductor forces are calculated without any partial factors. When designing supports the
conductor forces are assumed as a variable action.

4.2.2 Wind loads

(snc) PT.1 Wind zones
For the purpose of quantifying the wind actions on overhead lines Portugal is divided in two
zones: Zone A – The whole territory, with the exception of the regions belonging to Zone B;
Zone B – The Autonomous Regions of Azores and Madeira and the mainland regions within
a coastal strip 5 km wide or at altitudes above 600 meters.

4.2.2.1.2 Mean Wind Speed Vmean

(snc) PT.1
The 10 min mean wind speed at 10 m above the ground in open terrain is given as

Vmean = 20 m/s for all terrain types in Zone A;

Vmean = 22 m/s for all terrain types in Zone B.

4.2.2.1.4 Turbulence, terrain category and gust factor

(snc) PT.1
The gust factor kg is 1,5. This gives the following gust wind speeds

Vg = 30 m/s for all terrain types in Zone A;

Vg = 33 m/s for all terrain types in Zone B.

4.2.2.1.5 Reference wind speed VR

(snc) PT.1
The reference wind correspondent to a 50 years return period is

VR = 30 m/s for all terrain types in Zone A;

VR = 33 m/s for all terrain types in Zone B.

4.2.2.1.6 Wind speed Vh at arbitrary heigth h above the ground

(snc) PT.1
For heights up to 20 m above the ground the wind speed is taken as constant:
0,2
Vh = VR . (20/10) = 1,585 . VR
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 8/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

For overhead line elements extending higher than 20 m above the ground the following
exponential law may be used for all terrain types

Vh = VR . (h/10)0,2

up to heights, h, of 100 m above the ground. For heights exceeding 100 m, or in special
cases in mountainous terrain where the wind shall be locally strengthened or weakened, a
separate evaluation is required.

4.2.2.2 Dynamic wind pressure q h

(snc) PT.1
The dynamic wind pressure is given by
2 0,4 2
Zone A : qh = 0,5 . ρ . 30 . (h/10) N/m

2 0,4 2
Zone B : qh = 0,5 . ρ . 33 . (h/10) N/m
3
where ρ is the air density, equal to 1,225 kg/m at 15ºC and atmospheric pressure of
2
1013 hPa (qh = 0,613 Vh )

Table 4.2.2.2 / PT.1 - Basic dynamic wind pressure as function of the height h
and the wind zone

h [m] qh [Pa]
Zone A Zone B
0 727 880

10 727 880

20 727 880

30 855 1035

40 960 1161

50 1049 1270

60 1129 1366

70 1201 1453

80 1266 1532

90 1328 1606

(ncpt) PT.2
For conductors and earthwires the height to be considered in calculations is the height of
their attachment points above the ground level.

4.2.2.4.1 Wind forces on conductors

(ncpt) PT.1 Gust response factor
The gust response factor, Gq , is equal to 1,0 (cf. 4.2.2.3, use of gust wind option).

(ncpt) PT.2 Structural resonance factor (span factor)

The span factor, GC , is equal to 0,6.
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

(ncpt) PT.3 Drag factor

The drag factor CC for ordinary stranded conductors shall be according to its diameter, as
indicated in table 4.2.2.2.4.1/PT.3.

Table 4.2.2.2.4.1/ PT.3 - Drag factor as function of conductor diameter d

d [mm] CC

d ≤ 12,5 1,2

12,5 < d ≤ 15,8 1,1

15,8 < d 1,0

(ncpt) PT.4 Wind direction

In the absence of any indication of a critical wind direction in Project Specifications, the angle
of incidence, φ, shall be taken equal to 0 degrees.

At angle supports the wind direction shall be along the bisector of the line deviation, unless
otherwise specified in Project Specifications. The horizontal transverse component of the
conductor tension shall be added to the resulting wind force.

For the purpose of calculating the horizontal components of the conductor tension the wind
direction may be taken as acting perpendicular to the conductors.

NOTE In this last case, in any one span L, the wind force will be simply given by:
Qwc = qh . Gc . Cc . d . L
When calculating wind loads in ice zones (see 4.2.3/PT.1 and PT.2) the load shall be calculated taking d as the
equivalent diameter D defined under subclause 4.2.4.4 of Part 1.

4.2.2.4.3 Wind forces on lattice towers

(ncpt) PT.1
Shall the Project Specifications define a particular wind direction, then the general
expression under 4.2.2.4.3 applies. More often, unless when checking for special cases, the
wind is assumed perpendicular to the longitudinal face of the towers (φ = 0 degrees). In this
case the expression for the wind load acting on the gravity center of one panel in a lattice
tower with a rectangular cross-section is

Qwt = qh . At . Ct

qh is the dynamic pressure (see 4.2.2.2/PT.1) at the height of the panel gravity center to the
ground.

At is the effective area of the panel perpendicular to the wind direction.

Ct is the drag factor defined as

• Towers with rectangular cross section with identical opposite faces made of flat sided
members

Ct = 3,2 - 2,8 . χ
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 10/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

• Towers with rectangular cross section with identical opposite faces made of circular
section members (steel tubes instead of steel shaped profiles)

Ct = 2,24 - 1,96 . χ

χ is the solidity ratio defined by

χ = 2 . At / (h . (b1 + b2))

as indicated on fig. 4.2.2 of Part 1; these expressions for Ct are valid for values of χ in
the interval [0,1 - 0,6]. Furthermore they take into consideration the action of the wind
over all the faces of the tower.

(ncpt) PT.2
When considering wind forces over crossarms made of single metallic profiles the following
drag factors shall be used

U-shaped profiles

Ct = 1,80 wind direction over the convex face

Ct = 2,05 wind direction over the concave face
Ct = 1,40 wind direction over the smaller face

L-shaped profiles (equal sides angles)

Ct = 1,90 wind direction over the convex face

Ct = 1,70 wind direction over the concave face

4.2.2.4.4 Wind forces on poles

(ncpt) PT.1

Poles of circular cross-section

Ct = 0,60

Poles of square cross-section

Ct = 1,75 wind direction perpendicular to the face

Ct = 1,45 wind direction along the diagonal of the cross-section

Poles of rectangular cross-section without openings

Ct = 1,85 wind direction perpendicular to the wider face

Ct = 1,40 wind direction perpendicular to the smaller face

Poles of rectangular cross-section with openings

Ct = 1,60 wind direction perpendicular to the wider face

Ct = 1,30 wind direction perpendicular to the smaller face

I-shaped concrete poles without openings

Ct = 1,60 wind direction on concave (wider) face

Ct = 1,40 wind direction on the smaller face
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

I-shaped concrete poles with openings

Ct = 1,50 wind direction on concave (wider) face

Ct = 1,30 wind direction on the smaller face

4.2.3 Ice loads

(snc) PT.1 General
The Portuguese territory has relatively mild weather. The assumption of ice loads when
designing overhead lines is therefore to be considered not systematically but according with
the place and its altitude.

Ice loads should be considered in zones located at altitudes above 600 m at the following
Portuguese Districts:

• Viana do Castelo
• Braga
• Vila Real
• Bragança
• Porto
• Viseu
• Guarda
• Castelo Branco
• Coimbra
• Portalegre

These zones where defined after taking in consideration that the ice formations over
conductors are related not only with minimum temperatures and high humidity of the air
verified in each zone, but also with the altitude. Experience has shown that for altitudes
under 600 m ice formation is not likely to occur.

(snc) PT.2 Characteristic ice load

The model for ice loads herein described is consistent with wet snow or glaze ice on
conductors or earthwires. Unless otherwise specified in Project Specifications, no ice loads
are to be considered on structures or insulators.

Characteristic ice load for the Portuguese territory is

lk = 11 . (10+d)/40 [N/m]

where d = conductor diameter [mm].

NOTE 1 A minimum ice load may also be modelled as an uniform ice sleeve with a thickness of 10 mm and
density of 900 kg/m 3 .

NOTE 2 When data is available, greater ice loads may be considered not as a general designing criteria but as
special cases confined to the line section at the geographic location where data was gathered. Project
Specifications shall define the reference ice load to be taken into consideration.

4.2.4 Combined wind and ice loads

(snc) PT.1
The wind and ice loads are combined with factors Ψ (see subclause 4.2.11 and 4.2.11/PT.1).

(snc) PT.2
In Portugal only the combination of extreme ice load with a moderate wind load is
mandatory (see subclause 4.2.11 and 4.2.11/PT.1 for partial factors). Project Specifications
may call for the combination of high wind with moderate ice as well.
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 12/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

4.2.4.2 Drag factors and ice densities

(snc) PT.1
Ice loads in Portugal shall be taken as glaze ice (see Table 4.2.6).

4.2.5 Temperature effects

(ncpt) PT.1 Design minimum and maximum temperatures
Unless otherwise specified in Project Specifications, the design minimum temperature with
no other climatic action shall be taken as -5 °C. At ice zones (see 4.2.5/PT.4) this
temperature shall be -10 °C. These temperatures must be used when computing minimum
sags either for conductors or earthwires (see also subclause 4.2.10.2).

The maximum design temperature to be used in maximum sag calculations or line

templating shall be not less than:

- Conductors : 75 ºC
- Earthwires : 50 °C

(see also 5.2.1/PT.1)

(ncpt) PT.2 Temperature for extreme wind load condition

The temperature to be considered in conjunction with the extreme wind load condition
(γW .QW ) shall be 15 °C. This shall also be considered as the reference temperature for EDS
(every -day-stress).

(ncpt) PT.3 Temperature for reduced wind load condition

The temperature to be considered in conjunction with the reduced values for wind load
condition (ψW .QW ) shall be -5 ºC.

(ncpt) PT.4 Temperature to be assumed with icing

The temperature to be assumed with icing shall be -10 ºC.

(ncpt) PT.5 Temperature to be used for the combination of wind and ice
The temperature to be assumed when combining wind and ice shall be -10 ºC. In the
combination, the reduced values for wind load condition (ψI .QI ) shall be taken.

(ncpt) PT.6 Temperature when accessing conductor vibrations

When accessing the effects of aeolian vibrations on cables the mechanical tension at EDS
shall be taken as the basic reference. The reference temperature at EDS shall be 15 °C.

4.2.7 Security loads

(ncpt) PT.1
The torsional loading (see 4.2.7 a)) is a static horizontal longitudinal load corresponding to
the maximum horizontal tension of the conductor or earthwire, as defined in the following,
without any wind or ice loads on the support. The load is a conductor or earthwire force of
any one sub-conductor or earthwire, in the direction of the corresponding conductor or
earthwire at any conductor or earthwire attachment point (“broken conductor” load case).

The maximum horizontal tension of a conductor or earthwire will be calculated in the most
unfavourable of the following assumptions:

• Outside ice zones:

1. Dynamic wind pressure qh (see 4.2.2.2/PT.1) at 15 ºC.
2. 40% of dynamic wind pressure qh at –5 ºC.
• Ice zones:
1. Dynamic wind pressure qh (see 4.2.2.2/PT.1) at 15 ºC.
2. 40% of dynamic wind pressure qh and ice load at –10 ºC.
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

The torsional loads may be reduced at supports with suspension strings to take into account
the relaxation of the load resulting from any swing of the string and elastic deflection or
rotation of the support. The characteristic residual tension will be given by

Pk = β * T0

where

Pk = characteristic residual conductor tension

β = tension reduction factor: 0,85 for lines up to 100 kV
0,70 for lines above 100 kV
T0 = maximum horizontal conductor tension

Values given for β are default values. Project Specifications may allow for other reduction
factors based on accurate computer simulation or experimental values.

(ncpt) PT.2
The longitudinal loading (see 4.2.7 b)) is a static longitudinal one-sided load. Values and
combinations are defined under 4.2.10.2/PT.1 through PT.8 related to each type (intended
purpose) of support.

4.2.8 Forces due to short-circuit currents

(ncpt) PT.1
No short-circuit induced forces are usually to be considered. In special cases the Project
Specification may require and define such loads.

4.2.9 Other special forces

(ncpt) PT.1
- Avalanches, creeping snow, no requirements;
- Earthquakes, not usually significant; in special cases the Project Specifications may
require and define such loads.

4.2.10.1 Load cases.

(ncpt) PT.1
Load cases are specified for each one of the following support types, taking into account
their intended purpose:

Tangent supports (straight line supports) (T)

Angle supports (A)
Branch (Junction) supports (B)
Dead-End supports (DE)

The intended purpose of one support does not prevent from using it in another way provided
its mechanical sufficiency is proven in acceptable economic conditions. In some cases this
may require an adaptation or small changes in its characteristics. The recommendation is,
however, that each support type shall be used according with its intended purpose.
Ice loads usually mean heavier and costly supports. As ice loads are in Portugal more the
exception than the rule, supports for ice zones will be specially designed for that purpose
and ice loads are not a general requirement. Project Specifications shall define for any
particular line which and where ice loads are to be considered, if any.
Lines using basic supports (T, A, B, DE) designed under 4.2.10.2/PT.2 through PT.5 assure
adequate strength to contain failure (cascading prevention). However, it is allowed the use of
basic type supports without this strength provided reinforcement supports of any basic type
as described under 4.2.10.2/PT.6 through PT.8 (RT, RA, RB) are used at least every ten
spans.
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 14/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

4.2.10.2 Standard load cases

(ncpt) PT.1
All standard load cases in table 4.2.7 apply. Standard load cases are described in following
with reference to the support types mentioned on 4.2.10.1/PT.1. In each assumption, all
loads are acting simultaneously. The set of loads for a particular type of support must be
understood as the a priori minimum nominal requirements for a support intended to be used
as that type.

(ncpt) PT.2 Tangent Supports (T)

Tangent supports shall be designed for the following assumptions:

Assumption 1
(load cases 1a and 1b, table 4.2.7)
( 1)
Wind acting perpendicular to the line on support, crossarms , insulators, conductors and
earthwires.
(2)
The horizontal components of conductors and earthwires tensions , at their attachment
points.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 2
(Security loads - longitudinal load - load case 5b, table 4.2.7)

30% of the horizontal forces resulting from wind acting perpendicular to the line over
conductors and earthwires acting through the support axis, in the line direction, at the height
of the resulting force.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 3
(Security loads - torsional load - load case 5a, table 4.2.7)

Static horizontal force equal to the release of tension of any one sub-conductor or earthwire,
all other conductors, sub-conductors and earthwires keeping a tension equal to the
( 3)
maximum residual horizontal conductor tension , without any wind or ice load on the
supports, in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

NOTE Security Loads for tangent supports under Assumption 3 are dispensed for type Tangent Supports (T) if the
line design makes use of reinforcement tangent supports (RT) specified under 4.2.10.1/PT.1.

Ice Zones

At ice zones, load cases 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 3 given in table 4.2.7 apply in addition to
assumptions 1, 2 and 3.
Unbalance coefficients α, α1, α2, α3 and α4 shall be taken as
α = 0,5; α1 = 0,3; α2 = 0,7; α3 = 0,3; α4 = 0,7.

NOTE Load cases 2c and 2d given in table 4.2.7 are dispensed for type Tangent Supports (T) if the line design
makes use of reinforcement supports specified under 4.2.10.1/PT.1.

1)
Separate reference to crossarms is intended to embrace those cases where crossarms are not an integral part of the support.
2)
As the result of the topographic conditions of the line, the support is expected to sustain unbalanced longitudinal forces
(inclined strings with temperature change).
3)
See definition under clause 4.2.7/PT.1
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

(ncpt) PT.3 Angle Supports (A) (also tension or strain supports)

The support is nominally supposed to have its transverse axis along the bisector of the line
angle. Angle supports shall be designed for the following assumptions:

Assumption 1
(load case 1a, table 4.2.7)

Wind acting in the direction of the bisector of the line angle over support, crossarms,
insulators, conductors and earthwires.
The horizontal components of the conductors and earthwires tension, at their attachment
points, shall be taken for the wind load at reference temperature (wind always acting along
the bisector of the angle).
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 2
(Security loads - longitudinal load - load case 5b, table 4.2.7)

30% of the horizontal tension resulting from wind acting along the bisector of the angle on
conductors and earthwires, acting through the support axis, in the direction perpendicular to
the angle bisector, at the height of the resulting force.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 3
(Security loads - torsional load - load case 5a, table 4.2.7)

Static horizontal force equal to the release of tension of any one sub-conductor or earthwire,
all other conductors, sub-conductors and earthwires keeping a tension equal to the
maximum residual horizontal conductor tension, without any wind or ice load on the
supports, in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

NOTE 1 When calculating the horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires for assumptions 2 and 3 above, it is
acceptable to consider the wind acting perpendicular to the conductors and earthwires.

NOTE 2 Security Loads for angle supports under Assumption 3 are dispensed for type Angle Supports (A) if the
line design makes use of reinforcement angle supports (RA) as specified under 4.2.10.1/PT.1.

Ice Zones
At ice zones, load cases 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 3 given in table 4.2.7 apply in addition to
assumptions 1, 2 and 3.
Unbalance coefficients α, α1, α2, α3 and α4 shall be taken as
α = 0,5; α1 = 0,3; α2 = 0,7; α3 = 0,3; α4 = 0,7.

NOTE Load cases 2c and 2d given in table 4.2.7 are dispensed for type Angle Supports (A) if the line design
makes use of reinforcement supports specified under 4.2.10.1/PT.1.

(ncpt) PT.4 Branch Supports (B)

Branch supports are tangent or angle supports from which another line is branched. In
addition to the assumptions stated under the pertinent base type, the following must also be
considered:
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 16/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

Assumption 1
(load case 1a, table 4.2.7)

Wind acting perpendicular to the main line, if the support is a tangent one, or along the
bisector of the angle of the main line if the support is an angle support, over support,
crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires of the main line.
Wind acting along the same direction as considered above on conductors and earthwires of
the contiguous half-span of the branched line.
The horizontal components of the main line and branched line conductors and earthwires
tensions, at their attachment points, shall be taken for the wind load at reference
temperature (wind acting in the same direction as considered above).
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 2 (load case 1a, table 4.2.7)

The same as assumption 1 except for the wind direction which should be along the main line
in the case of a tangent support or perpendicular to the bisector of the angle of the main line
in the case of an angle support.

Security loads

Torsional and longitudinal loads as stated for T or A supports must be considered. The most
unfavourable unbalanced combination must be sought considering also the branched line.

NOTE Torsional loads for branch supports are dispensed for type Branch Supports (B) if the line design makes
use of reinforcement branch supports (RB) as specified under 4.2.10.1/PT.1.

Ice Zones

At ice zones, load cases 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 3 given in table 4.1.10.1 apply with unbalanced
coefficients as given in the main text. The most unfavourable unbalanced combination must
be sought considering also the branched line.

NOTE 1 For lines outside ice zones, assumption 2 may be dispensed if for the branched line the support next to
branched support is a dead-end support and the mechanical tension of conductors and earthwires on the span in
between is neglectable.

NOTE 2 Load cases 2c and 2d given in table 4.2.7 are dispensed for type Branch Supports (B) if the line design
makes use of reinforcement supports specified under 4.2.10.1/PT.1.

(ncpt) PT.5 Dead-End Supports (DE)

Dead-end supports are nominally considered with their longitudinal axis along the direction
of the line and with conductors and earthwires attached only to one side of the support.
Conditions bellow refer to this definition. In practice other situations may occur which involve
angles in dead-end supports and/or unbalanced cable tensions in the adjacent spans (line
and substation). These are in fact special cases of angle supports (A), for which the Project
Specification may define angles and the degree of unbalance. Dead-end supports shall be
designed for the following assumptions:

Assumption 1
(load case 1a, table 4.2.7)

One-sided wind acting perpendicular to the line on support, crossarms, insulators,

conductors and earthwires.
The one-sided horizontal components of the conductors and earthwires tensions, at their
attachment points, shall be taken for the wind load at reference temperature (wind always
acting perpendicular to the line).
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

Assumption 2
(Security loads - torsional load – load case 5a, table 4.2.7)

Static horizontal force equal to the release of tension of any one sub-conductor or earthwire,
all other conductors, sub-conductors and earthwires keeping a tension equal to the
maximum residual horizontal conductor tension, without any wind or ice load on the
supports, in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Ice Zones
At ice zones, load cases 2a, 2b and 3 given in table 4.2.7 apply in addition to assumptions 1
and 2.
Unbalance coefficients α, α1, α2, α3 and α4 shall be taken as
α = 0,5; α1 = 0,3; α2 = 0,7; α3 = 0,3; α4 = 0,7.

(ncpt) PT.6 Reinforcement Tangent Supports (RT)

Reinforcement tangent supports shall be designed for the following assumptions:

Assumption 1
(load case 1a and 1b, table 4.2.7)

Wind acting perpendicular to the line on support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and
earthwires.
The horizontal components of conductors and earthwires tension, at their attachment points.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 2
(Security loads - longitudinal load - load case 5b, table 4.2.7)

Single circuit supports:

90% of the maximum horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires (see 4.2.7/PT.1) to
one side of the support in the longitudinal direction of the line at their attachment points.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Double circuit supports or bundled conductors:

70% of the maximum horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires (see 4.2.7/PT.1) to
one side of the support in the longitudinal direction of the line at their attachment points.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 3
(Security loads - torsional load - load case 5a, table 4.2.7)

Static horizontal force equal to the release of tension of any one sub-conductor or earthwire,
all other conductors, sub-conductors and earthwires keeping a tension equal to the
maximum residual horizontal conductor tension, without any wind or ice load on the
supports, in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

NOTE Assumption 3 is dispensed in the case of supports having articulated cros sarms, given sufficient proof that
the support is not subjected to torsional loads.

Ice Zones

At ice zones, load cases 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 3 given in table 4.2.7 apply in addition to
assumptions 1, 2 and 3.
Unbalance coefficients α, α1, α2, α3 and α4 shall be taken as
α = 0,5; α1 = 0,3; α2 = 0,7; α3 = 0,3; α4 = 0,7.
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 18/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

(ncpt) PT.7 Reinforcement Angle Supports (RA) (also tension or strain supports)
The support is nominally supposed to have its transverse axis along the bisector of the line
angle. Reinforcement angle supports shall be designed for the following assumptions:

Assumption 1
(load case 1a, table 4.2.7)

Wind acting in the direction of the bisector of the line angle over support, crossarms,
insulators, conductors and earthwires.
The horizontal components of the conductors and earthwires tension, at their attachment
points, shall be taken for the wind load at reference temperature (wind always acting along
the bisector of the angle).
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 2
(Security loads - longitudinal load - load case 5b, table 4.2.7)

Single circuit supports:

90% of the maximum horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires (see 4.2.7/PT.1) to
one side of the support in the longitudinal direction of the line at their attachment points.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Double circuit supports or bundled conductors:

70% of the maximum horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires (see 4.2.7/PT.1) to
one side of the support in the longitudinal direction of the line at their attachment points.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 3
(Security loads - torsional load - load case 5a, table 4.2.7)

Static horizontal force equal to the release of tension of any one sub-conductor or earthwire,
all other conductors, sub-conductors and earthwires keeping a tension equal to the
maximum residual horizontal conductor tension, without any wind or ice load on the
supports, in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

NOTE 1 When calculating the horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires for assumptions 2 and 3 above, it is
acceptable to consider the wind acting perpendicular to the conductors and earthwires.

Ice Zones
At ice zones, load cases 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 3 given in table 4.2.7 apply in addition to
assumptions 1, 2 and 3.
Unbalance coefficients α, α1, α2, α3 and α4 shall be taken as
α = 0,5; α1 = 0,3; α2 = 0,7; α3 = 0,3; α4 = 0,7.

(ncpt) PT.8 Reinforcement Branch Supports (RB)

Branch supports are tangent or angle supports from which another line is branched. In
addition to the assumptions stated under the pertinent base type, the following must also be
considered:
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

Assumption 1
(load case 1a, table 4.2.7)

Wind acting perpendicular to the main line, if the support is a tangent one, or along the
bisector of the angle of the main line if the support is an angle support, over support,
crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires of the main line.
Wind acting along the same direction as considered above on conductors and earthwires of
the contiguous half-span of the branched line.
The horizontal components of the main line and branched line conductors and earthwires
tensions, at their attachment points, shall be taken for the wind load at reference
temperature (wind acting in the same direction as considered above).
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Assumption 2 (load case 1a, table 4.2.7)

Single circuit supports:

90% of the maximum horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires at their attachment
points (see 4.2.7/PT.1) to one side of the support in the longitudinal direction of the main line
of a tangent support or perpendicular to the bisector of the angle of the main line in the case
of an angle support.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Double circuit supports or bundled conductors:

70% of the maximum horizontal tension of conductors and earthwires at their attachment
points (see 4.2.7/PT.1) to one side of the support in the longitudinal direction of the main line
of a tangent support or perpendicular to the bisector of the angle of the main line in the case
of an angle support.
Selfweight of support, crossarms, insulators, conductors and earthwires.

Security loads

Torsional and longitudinal loads as stated for RT or RA supports must be considered. The
most unfavourable unbalanced combination must be sought considering also the branched
line.

Ice Zones

At ice zones, load cases 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 3 given in table 4.1.10.1 apply with unbalanced
coefficients as given in the main text. The most unfavourable unbalanced combination must
be sought considering also the branched line.

4.2.11 Partial factors for actions

(ncpt) PT.1
Partial factors under table 4.2.8 apply (see also 3.2.2/PT.1).

5 Electrical requirements
5.2.1 Normal current
(ncpt) PT.1 Design maximum temperatures for normal current
Unless otherwise specified in Project Specifications, the design temperature to be used in
maximum sag calculations or line templating shall be not lower than:

- Conductors : 75 ºC
- Earthwires : 50 °C
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 20/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

NOTE 1 In order to not introduce limitations on the use of low sag or extremely low sag cables, the maximum
temperature will be used for all steel, aluminium, aluminium steel reinforced, aluminium alloy, aluminium alloy steel
reinforced and alumoweld cables. The arising of new materials which can economically work at higher temperatures
will be subject to special considerations, always assuring that clearances stated under clause 5 are met.

NOTE 2 Even when the expected maximum operating temperature ( temperature corresponding to the steady
state) is lower than the specified maximum temperature, the specified design maximum temperature shall be used
in sag calculations and tower spotting when verifying clearances and safety distances.

NOTE 3 Usually it is not economical to have cables working at temperatures of 75 °C or above at steady state
regimes. Therefore the conductor is usually chosen to fit to an expected load flow in steady state to temperatures
around 60 °C. However, temporary steady state overloads must be allowed and verified as not leading to a final
temperature above 75 °C.

(ncpt) PT.2 Cable temperature calculation

Calculation of cable temperature is usually done following the Kuippers-Brown model:

dT
C ⋅ St ⋅ = I 2 ⋅ RT + α ⋅ R ⋅ d − 8 .55 ⋅ ( T − T A ) ⋅ ( v ⋅ d ) 0.448 − E ⋅ σ ⋅ π ⋅ d ⋅ (T 4 − T A4 )
dt
where
α Absorptivity coefficient
RT Electrical resistance at temperature T of conductors
R Solar radiation
v Wind speed
E Effective emissivity of the conductor
σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant

Calculations are performed considering two conventional periods:

- “Summer” (April 15 through October 15) ambient temperature of 30 ºC;

- “Winter” (October 16 through April 14) ambient temperature of 15 ºC.

(snc) PT.3 Cable temperature calculation

The following values for the former parameters are well adapted to Portugal:
2
α Absorptivity coefficient = 0,5 W/m
2
R Solar radiation = 1000 W/m
v Wind speed = 0,6 m/s
E Effective emissivity of the conductor = 0,6
-8 2 4
σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5,7x10 W/m K

5.2.2 Short-circuit current

(ncpt) PT.1 Standard short-circuit currents for substations
Both three-phase and single-phase to earth short-circuit currents are normalized as follows:

60 kV : 25,0 kA
150 kV : 31,5 kA
220 kV : 31,5 kA
400 kV : 40,0 kA

NOTE Irrespective of shielding considerations (subclause 5.3.3.5), some of the above currents invariably require
two earthwires (groundwires), most particulary if one of them is an OPGW. Project Specifications shall specify in this
respect.
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

(ncpt) PT.2 Fault duration

The following criteria shall be met when considering the short-circuit current at 1 km of a
given substation:

• Maximum short-circuit current on earthwires shall be taken as 75% of single

phase to earth short -circuit current (assuming that all the current goes through the
aluminium section on ACSR cables);
• When checking sag increase due to a short-circuit the duration to be considered
shall be 1 s (either phase conductors or earthwires); however, for earthwires
(OPGW included), a check shall be made to assure that the heating after a 0,5 s
short-circuit is not above 170 ºC (“Summer” period);
• Accessories and connections to earth shall be designed for a 0,5 s short-circuit
duration.

(ncpt) PT.3 Admissible conductor short-circuit temperatures. Earthwires.

Maximum final temperature for ACSR earthwires is 200 ºC; for steel earthwires is 400 ºC;
when performing calculations of earthwire heating initial earthwire temperature shall be taken
as 30 ºC.

(ncpt) PT.4 Admissible conductor short-circuit temperatures. Phase conductors.

Unless stated otherwise in Project specifications, phase conductors (ACSR or AAAC) shall
not be subjected to temperatures above 160 ºC; when performing calculations of conductor
heating, initial phase conductors temperature shall be taken as 60 ºC.

NOTE It is recommended that the maximum temperature of ACSR or AAAC conductors shall not be greater than
125 ºC. Besides thermal fatigue one of the reasons is that above 125 ºC sag calculations lead to significant errors
due to fact that compression forces arise on aluminium wires in ACSR conductors. When considering the maximum
conductor temperature it shall be taken into consideration the drop point of the grease.

(ncpt) PT.5 Current density in fittings

The current density during a short-circuit through fittings shall not exceed

70 / t [A/mm2]

where t is the duration of the short circuit in seconds.

(ncpt) PT.6
Values indicated under 5.2.2/PT.1 through PT.5 are reference values and provide a safe
margin to account for growth. Project Specifications may indicate different values, higher or
lower.

5.3.3.5 Lightning performance of overhead lines

(ncpt) PT.1
Shielding is required for overhead lines U > 100 kV.

NOTE Geometry of the shield wire(s) shall be such to assure that a flashover due to a direct lightning stroke into
the phase conductors is reduced to one per 100 km line per year. Considering stroke peak currents at around 40-
50 kA (mountainous regions) leads to the approximate conclusion that the external protection angle shall not be
greater than about 20º for lines up to 150 kV and 30º for lines up to 400 kV.

5.3.5 Electrical clearance distances to avoid flashover

(ncpt) PT.1 General
Minimum clearances Del and Dpp to be taken into account are based on the method
described in annex E of Part 1. The altitude correction factor takes into account the
representative altitude of 1000 m for Portugal. Project Specifications may specify other
representative altitude for the whole or part of an overhead line.
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 22/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

(ncpt) PT.2 Altitude and Gap Factors

The altitude factor Ka as a function of the co-ordination withstand voltages considered is:

Table 5.3.5/PT.2-Altitude factors as function of co-ordination withstand voltages

Altitude <= 200 kV >200 kV and > 400 kV and > 700 kV and > 1100 kV
(m) <= 400 kV <= 700 kV <= 1100 kV
1000 0,938 0,946 0,959 0,970 0,978

Gap factors Kg:

Clearances to obstacles near the line (safety clearances) : 1,30

Clearances conductor-crossarm and conductor-tower : 1,45
Clearances conductor-window : 1,25
Clearances between conductors : 1,60

(ncpt) PT.3 Del and Dpp clearances

Consideration of the previous factors gives the following values for Del and Dpp clearances,
taking into account the indicated lightning withstanding overvoltages:

Table 5.3.5/PT.3-1 - Del and Dpp clearances – lightning overvoltages

Ligthning
withstanding Del [m] Del [m] Dpp [m]
Del [m]
voltage Kg=1,45 to Kg=1,25 Kg=1,6 Ka up to
Us Kg=1,3 to
U90%_ff_is of the crossarm within between 1000 m
obstacles
line insulator and tower window conductors
string [kV]
72,5 325 0,61 0,64 0,63 0,71 0,938
400 0,75 0,79 0,78 0,87 0,938
550 1,01 1,06 1,04 1,17 0,959
170 650 1,19 1,25 1,23 1,38 0,959
750 1,36 1,43 1,41 1,58 0,970
850 1,54 1,62 1,60 1,79 0,970
245 950 1,72 1,81 1,78 2,00 0,970
1050 1,90 2,00 1,97 2,21 0,970
1175 2,11 2,21 2,19 2,45 0,978
420 1300 2,34 2,45 2,42 2,71 0,978
1425 2,56 2,69 2,65 2,97 0,978
Kz_ff 0,961 0,961 0,961 0,961
Kg 1,45 1,25 1,3 1,6
Kg_ff 1,117 1,065 1,078 1,156

For different values of U90%_ff_is from the indicated due calculations shall be made using
formulae given under Annex E of Part 1.
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

Table 5.3.5/PT.3-2 - Del and Dpp clearances – switching overvoltages

Switching Del [m] Del [m] Dpp [m]

Del [m]
overvoltage Kg=1,45 to Kg=1,25 Kg=1,6 Ka up to
Us Kg=1,3 to
U2 %_sf crossarm within between 1000 m
obstacles
[kV] and tower window conductors

72,5 250 0,46 0,54 0,52 0,57 0,946

170 550 1,13 1,35 1,29 1,42 0,959
650 1,38 1,68 1,59 1,77 0,959
245 750 1,64 2,00 1,90 2,11 0,970
850 1,94 2,38 2,25 2,52 0,970
420 950 2,26 2,79 2,64 2,97 0,970
1050 2,60 3,24 3,06 3,45 0,970
1175 3,03 3,82 3,59 4,07 0,978
1300 3,54 4,50 4,22 4,82 0,978
1425 4,10 5,26 4,91 5,65 0,978
Kz_sf 0,922 0,922 0,922 0,922
Kg =Kg_sf 1,45 1,25 1,3 1,6
Kcs 1,05 1,05 1,05 1,05

NOTE The range of switching overvoltages shall take into account the following reference factors for phase-earth
switching overvoltage function of the highest system voltage:

Us Switching overvoltage Switching

factor (p.u.) overvoltage
[kV]
72,5 3 217,5
170 3 510
245 2,5 612,5
420 2,5 1050

Table 5.3.5/PT.3-3 - Del and Dpp clearances – power frequency overvoltages

Del [m] Del [m] Dpp [m]

Del [m]
Kg =1,45 to Kg=1,25 Kg=1,6 Ka up to
Us Kg=1,3 to
crossarm within between 1000 m
obstacles
and tower window conductors

72,5 0,15 0,16 0,15 0,23 0,946

170 0,30 0,32 0,32 0,48 0,959
245 0,42 0,45 0,44 0,68 0,959
420 0,69 0,73 0,72 1,15 0,970
Kz_pf 0,91 0,91 0,91 0,91
Kg 1,45 1,25 1,3 1,6
Kg_pf 1,22 1,14 1,16 1,26
EN 50341-3-17:2001 - 24/35 - Portugal

Clause National regulation

(Type)

(ncpt) PT.4 Low-level switching overvoltages (clearances under extreme wind)

Clearances under extreme wind load shall also withstand low-level switching overvoltages
U90%_sf for which an approximate switching overvoltage factor of 1,3 pu shall be considered.
The following table gives minimum Del and Dpp distances to be observed under extreme
wind.

Table 5.3.5/PT.4 - Del and Dpp clearances – low-level switching overvoltages

Switching Del [m] Del [m] Dpp [m]

Del [m]
overvoltage Kg=1,45 to Kg=1,25 Kg=1,6 Ka up to
Us Kg=1,3 to
U90 %_sf crossarm within between 1000 m
obstacles
[kV] and tower window conductors

72,5 94,25 0,16 0,19 0,18 0,20 0,938

170 221 0,40 0,47 0,45 0,50 0,946
245 318,5 0,60 0,71 0,68 0,75 0,946
420 546 1,12 1,34 1,28 1,41 0,959
Kz_sf 0,922 0,922 0,922 0,922
Kg =Kg_sf 1,45 1,25 1,3 1,6
Kcs 1,05 1,05 1,05 1,05

(ncpt) PT.5
For each highest system voltage the greater values from tables 5.3.5/PT.3-1 through PT.3-3
and 5.3.5/PT.4 shall be taken into account.

5.4 Internal and external clearances

(ncpt) PT.1 Introduction
Except for the additional requirements given herein regarding clearances, the main text
applies. However, clearances greater than the ones presented may be required in Project
Specifications.

(ncpt) PT.2 Special scope of clearances

Having into considerations specifications under 5.6.1/PT.1, the scope of clearances may be
enlarged in Project Specifications to accommodate recommended levels of exposition to
electromagnetic radiation by the general public (see 2.3/PT.2). This is particularly sensible in
the case of voltages of 400 kV and above.

5.4.2.2 Load cases for calculation of clearances

(ncpt) PT.1 Maximum design temperature
All vertical clearances are based on the maximum continuous service temperature of the
conductors, which unless specified otherwise in Project Specifications, shall be (see also
5.2.1/PT.1):

- Conductors : 75 ºC
- Earthwires : 50 °C

Maximum conductor ampacity shall be based on 5.2.1/PT.3.

(ncpt) PT.2 Design ice load

In Ice Zones clearances shall also be checked for the characteristic ice load (see 4.2.3/PT.1
and PT.2) lk at -10 ºC.

(ncpt) PT.3 Combined wind and ice load

It is not required that combined wind and ice loads be considered when checking electrical
clearances.
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Clause National regulation

(Type)

5.4.3 Clearances within the span and at the support

(ncpt) PT.1 Clearance within the span
Referring to table 5.4.3: under “wind load except extreme wind load”, k1 = 0,85 for all cases;
under “extreme wind load” for each highest system voltage the greater values from tables
5.3.5/PT.3-3 (power frequency overvoltages) and 5.3.5/PT.4 (low-level switching
overvoltages) shall be taken into account.

(ncpt) PT.2 Clearance between conductors

The clearance between phase conductors of one circuit or between phase conductors of
other circuits on the same support shall be in excess of Dpp. In addition, bare conductors
shall have clearances between them in excess of D given by
0,5
D = k . (f + SL) + Dpp
where

D = minimum clearance in meters

K = material dependent coefficient, as in table 5.4.3/PT.2

Table 5.4.3/PT.2

Type of conductors k
ACSR, AACSR, steel, copper, bronze 0,6
AAC, AAAC 0,7

f = sag in meters of the conductor at maximum design temperature (+75 ºC) and no wind.
SL = length in meters of the swinging section of the insulator string, in a direction
perpendicular to the line

Outside ice zones, clearance between conductors may be reduced to (2/3).D provided the
horizontal distance between the vertical planes passing through the points of attachment is
in excess of (2/3).D.

(ncpt) PT.3 Clearance between phase conductors and earthwires

Clearance between phase conductors and earthwires in the vicinity of the support shall not
be smaller than D given under 5.4.3/PT.2.

NOTE When earthwire sag is smaller than phase conductor sag, clearance between them may be reduced at the
vicinity of the support, provided that the clearance at midspan between them at the minimum sag temperature is not
smaller than D given under 5.4.3/PT.2; minimum sag is conventionally taken as the sag at –5ºC/no wind outside ice
zones and –10ºC/no wind at ice zones.

5.4.4 Clearances to ground in areas remote from buildings, roads, railways and
navigable waterways
(ncpt) PT.1 Table 5.4.4 - Clearances to trees
Clearance to trees shall be 2 m + Del , but greater than 2,5 m.
A protection strip is defined centered along the line axis which is 25 m wide for lines of
voltage up to 100 kV and 45 m wide for lines of voltage above 100 kV. Within this strip, taken
into account all environmental aspects as well, trees may be taken down or lopped in order
to assure at all times the minimum clearance given above. This includes also trees which by
falling do not maintain a minimum clearance to conductors under maximum sag conditions
(75 ºC, no wind) of 1,5 m.
NOTE 1 Exceptionally, trees outside the protection strip may be taken down or lopped, those which by its size
and/or particular conditions of instability may pose an unacceptable risk to the line, namely by not maintaining a
minimum clearance of 1,5 m if they fall.

NOTE 2 The above specified does not apply to species protected under Portuguese law, which in general can not
be taken down and have strict lopping limitations.
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NOTE 3 It is strongly recommended that whenever possible the lopping of fruit trees and of slow growth species
shall be avoided or at least limited to the strictly necessary.

NOTE 4 Under Portuguese law owners may plant trees or other cultures within the protection strip, provided it does
not pose any violation of the clearance conditions stated above.

5.4.5.2 Residential and other buildings

(ncpt) PT.1 Table 5.4.5.2 - Line above buildings
Formulas given apply, but clearance shall always be in excess of 4 m, regardless of roof
slope (clearance D given in Figure 5.4.5.2/ PT.1 and PT.2).

NOTE It is recommended to reduce to the possible minimum the establishment of overhead lines within villages or
above buildings in general which are not part of electrical installations.

(ncpt) PT.2 Table 5.4.5.2 - Line adjacent to buildings

The minimum horizontal clearance between a vertical plane passing through the conductor
axis (swung or not by wind) and the nearest part of the building bellow the roof base shall be
as given by Figure 5.4.5.2/PT.1 and PT.2 – Clearances to buildings.

Figure 5.4.5.2/PT.1 and PT.2 - Clearances to buildings

(A-dev) PT.3 Table 5.4.5.2 - School buildings and school yards

The construction of overhead lines above school buildings and school yards is not allowed.

Portuguese Authorities may exceptionally consider a line over a school building, if it is not
feasible or economically advisable to change the line corridor. Special environmental and
security measures shall in that case be considered and approved by the Portuguese
Authorities regarding electrical, mechanical and aesthetic aspects.
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(ncpt) PT.4 Table 5.4.5.2 - Antenna, street lamps, flag poles, advertising signs and
similar structures
Formulas given apply, but clearance shall always be in excess of 3 m.

(ncpt) PT.5 Table 5.4.5.2 - Line in the vicinity of buildings where explosives are
manufactured or stored
In the vicinity of buildings where explosive substances are manufactured or stored, the
establishment of overhead lines is not allowed at horizontal clearances inferior to 190 m for
lines up to 100 kV and 210 m for lines above 100 kV.

5.4.5.3 Traffic Routes

(ncpt) PT.1 Table 5.4.5.3.1 - Clearances to line crossing roads, railways and
navigable waterways
For all load cases the minimum clearance shall be:
Roads: 7 m + Del
Railways (no overhead electrical traction system): 7 m + Del

For railways, tramways, etc., which have an overhead electrical traction system distance
given to electrical components shall be 2 m + Del, with a minimum of 3 m. Whenever this
distance is not known the minimum clearance to top of rail shall be:

Railways (overhead electrical traction system): 12 m + Del; minimum 13,5 m

Ropeways (overcrossing): 4 m + Del

(ncpt) PT.2 Table 5.4.5.3.1 - Special requirements for crossings of roads

Supports in the vicinity of highways shall be installed at an horizontal distance from the
outside limit of the highway zone not smaller than 5 m. Supports in the vicinity of other roads
shall be installed at an horizontal distance from the outside limit of the road zone not smaller
than 3 m.
When supports may geometrically fall over an highway strip in case of collapse, its
foundations shall be designed to 1,5 times the standard loads.

NOTE A road zone is the ground occupied by the road itself and the surrounding acquired land, and other
installations as toll facilities and or parking facilities. When there are bridges these also included. Exceptionally the
road authority may allow a s upport at a smaller distance, defining any special conditions necessary.

(ncpt) PT.3 Table 5.4.5.3.1 - Special requirements for crossings of railways

Supports in the vicinity of railways shall be installed at an horizontal distance from the
outside limit of the railway zone not smaller than 5 m. Supports of a span crossing a railway
shall be of type RT, RA, RB and DE except for main types T, A and B that are designed for
torsional security loads (assumption 3 under 4.2.10.2/PT.2 through PT.4).

NOTE A railway zone is the ground occupied by the railway itself and the surrounding ground to a distance not
smaller than 1,5 m from the outside of the rail to each side of the railway.

(ncpt) PT.4 Table 5.4.5.3.2 - Clearances to line near roads, railways and navigable
waterways
Clearance to loading gauge or the components of an electric traction system wire installation
of a railway or trolley bus line for maximum sag load case shall be 2 m + Del ; clearance to
outer edge of a carriageway (incl. Hard shoulder) of a motorway, highway, country road or of
a waterway shall be 2 m + Del .
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5.4.5.4 Other overhead power lines or overhead telecommunication lines

(ncpt) PT.1 Table 5.4.5.4 - Clearances to other power lines
Clearance shall be Dpp + 1 m with a minimum of 2 m.
The relative position of the lines shall also come into consideration. Therefore, when
considering the crossings of an HV line and other HV or LV lines, the highest voltage line
shall cross over the other(s). The inherent principle is that a greater reliability and security
regarding design in general and structural design in particular is associated with the higher
voltage line. Exceptionally, HV lines may cross over other HV line of higher voltage, if
technical and economical reasons do so justify, provided that, at least along the crossing
span, the structural design of the lower voltage line is of similar reliability and security as the
higher voltage line.

(ncpt) PT.2 Table 5.4.5.4 - Clearances to telecommunication lines

Clearance shall be Dpp + 1 m with a minimum of 2 m.
When considering the crossings of an HV line and a communication line, the HV line shall
cross over the communication line. The relative position of the lines shall also come into
consideration. Therefore, in addition to the specifications under subclause 5.6.3
“Interferences with telecommunication circuits”, namely the ITU Directives (former CCITT), it
is highly recommended that the crossing angle between a HV line and a communication line
with bare conductors - the smaller angle between the two directions - shall be in excess of
15 º (17 grad), unless, after due proof under ITU methodology, the communications entity
responsible for the communication line do so allow.

5.4.5.5 Recreational areas (playgrounds, sports areas, etc.)

(A-dev) PT.1 Table 5.4.5.5 - Playgrounds and sports areas
The construction of overhead lines above sports areas is not allowed.

Portuguese Authorities may exceptionally consider a line over a sports area, if it is not
feasible or economically advisable to change the line corridor. Special environmental and
security measures shall in that case be considered and approved by the Portuguese
Authorities regarding electrical, mechanical and aesthetic aspects.

5.5.1 Radio noise

(ncpt) PT.1
Methods given in CISPR 16 and 18 are endorsed.
The limit of 56 dB [µV/m] for the level interference calculated or measured at 1 MHz at
ground level and at a lateral distance of 15 m from nearest conductor at rest shall be
considered.
A class A reception “signal-to-noise ratio” S/N(dB) ≥ 32 dB shall be taken as reference.

5.5.2 Audible noise

(ncpt) PT.1
A maximum permissible level of audible noise of 60 dB(A) shall be considered (equipment
class of level of acoustic power not above Class D - Directive 78/1015/CEE and the
Portuguese General Regulation on Acoustic Noise, see subclause 2.3 ). This level is
measured at ground level and at a lateral distance of 30 m from the line axis.

In the vicinity of housing buildings the difference between the “Equivalent Sound Level”
originated from the line (corrected from the acoustic noise originated from any other
surrounding industrial equipments) and the level of ambient noise, exceeded during 95 % of
a reference period of time of 24 hours, shall be less or equal to 10 dB (A) (Portuguese
General Regulation on Acoustic Noise, see subclause 2.3).
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5.6.1 Electric and magnetic fields under a line

(ncpt) PT.1
Limit values for electric and magnetic fields at 50 Hz recommended by the ICNIRP
(International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection) shall be considered.
The limits of 5 kV/m (RMS) and 0.1 mT (RMS), for the electric and magnetic fields
respectively, shall be observed when considering public exposure in a permanent basis.

NOTE Limits above are also endorsed and recommended within the European Union (see subclause 2.3). The
basic criterion is to limit current densities induced in the head and trunk by continuous exposure to electric and
magnetic fields to an absolute limit of 10 mA.m-2. However, the recommendation of the Council of the European
Union to a basic limit of exposure compatible with a maximum current density in the body of 2 mA.m-2 for the
general public shall be met by the design of 50 Hz systems.

5.6.2 Electric and magnetic field induction

(ncpt) PT.1
Calculations of electromagnetic induction shall considered both for normal operation of the
line and fault conditions (3-phase and phase-earth short-circuit). For both induction is
calculated assuming 50 Hz currents.

(ncpt) PT.2 Normal operation

During normal operation induction is permanent. Permissible touch voltages are given under
6.2.4.1/PT.1.

(ncpt) PT.3 Short - circuit

Induction on telecommunication systems shall comply with 5.5.1/PT.1.
Induction on conductive objects like fences shall comply with 6.2.4.1/PT.1.
Induction on pipelines (gas or liquid fuels) shall be evaluated in a case by case basis by the
Portuguese Authorities.
NOTE References below also given under 2.3/PT.2 have been adopted in Project Specifications and accepted as
good practice in a number of cases by the Portuguese Authorities

•AfK RECOMMENDATION N. 3
“Measures for the installation and operation of pipelines in the vicinity of three-phase high voltage systems and
single-line traction systems”

•EPRI – Electric Power Research Institute

“Mutual design considerations for overhead AC transmission lines and gas transmission pipelines – Vol 1 :
Engineering analysis”, September 1978

“Mutual design considerations for overhead AC transmission lines and gas transmission pipelines – Vol 2 :
Prediction and mitigation procedures”, September 1978

6 Earthing systems
6.2.2.2 Earthing and bonding conductors
2
The minimum cross-section for earthing and bonding copper conductors shall be 16 mm
2
above the soil or 35 mm underground. For earthing and bonding conductors of other
materials an electrically equivalent cross-section must be assured. In the case of reinforced
concrete poles the lengthwise reinforcement may, bearing in mind the necessary cross-
section, be used as part of the earth electrode.

6.2.4.1 Permissible values

(ncpt) PT.1 Permissible touch voltages
Permissible touch voltages, as referenced in block diagram of Figure 6.2.4.2/PT.1, are
defined according to the four different category (location) types:
1. Public zones
2. Frequented zones
3. Seldom frequented
4. Non frequented zones
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Description of this categories is given in 6.2.4.3/PT.1.

No touch voltage limits are defined for categories 3 and 4 in the following conditions:

• For category 3 fault elimination must be assured to be always less than 0,5 s; otherwise,
category 3 shall be dealt with in the same way as category 2.
• For category 4 fault elimination must be assured to be always less than 3 s; otherwise,
category 4 shall be dealt with in the same way as category 3.

For categories 1 and 2 the permissible touch voltages are:

Table 6.2.4.1/PT.1: Permissible touch voltages

Permissible touch voltages [V]

Fault duration [s] Public Zone Frequented Zone

0,10 422 571
0,20 298 404
0,30 244 330
0,50 189 255
0,70 159 216
1,00 133 181
2,00 94 128
NOTE 1 Fault elimination shall be always assured at least in 0,5 s.

NOTE 2 Category 1 locations (public zones) shall be dealt with in a case by case basis always performing
measurements in situ to assist or confirm calculation models.

NOTE 3 Measures to reduce the touch voltage through equalizing the potential rise are allowed; alternatively, the
use of an insulating top level of soil like gravel or asphalt is also allowed; when performing calculations or field
measurements the subject of a touch voltage shall be assumed at 1 m away from the tower or pole, in any direction,
whichever is the most unfavourable, either by the geometric characteristics of the earthing configuration or the soil
characteristics.
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6.2.4.2 Measures for observance of permissible touch voltages

(ncpt) PT.1 Block diagram
Block diagram of Fig 6.1 of Part 1 shall be replaced by the Fig. 6.2.4.2/PT.1

Basic Design

(1) Support of NO
insulating
material

(2) Support YES

surroundings
frequently
occupied

NO

YES
(3) Immediate (6) Determination of touch
automatic UT
disconnection

YES NO

(8) Measures
(7) UT < UTP required

Correct design

Measure numbers inside brackets match those of 6.2.4.2 of Part 1.

Figure 6.2.4.2/PT.1

(ncpt) PT.2 Remarks on measures (Fig. 6.2.4.2/PT.1)

(1) Earthing shall be considered for supports of conductive material in order to assure that
touch voltages are within the permissible.
(2) See 6.2.4.1/PT.1 and PT.2 and 6.2.4.3/PT.1.
(3) The characteristics of the basic design, including the touch voltage must be accessed in
the Project; by “automatic disconnection” it shall be understood that fault elimination
shall be assured at least in 0,5 s.
(4) Not applicable.
(5) Not applicable.
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(6) When performing calculations or field measurements the subject of a touch voltage shall
be assumed at 1 m away from the tower or pole, in any direction, whichever is the most
unfavourable, either by the geometric characteristics of the earthing configuration or the
soil characteristics; modelling of the earthing configuration resistance and potential
evolution along the soil shall be based as accurately as possible in the local soil
characteristics, specially in category 1 sites (public zones).
(7) For U TP see 6.2.4.1/PT.1; permissible touch voltages are defined for 4 different
categories.
(8) Measures to reduce the touch voltage through equalizing the potential rise, like for
instance the use of conductive ring(s) around the pole or tower are allowed;
alternatively, the use of an insulating top level of soil like gravel or asphalt is also
allowed. Project Specifications shall specify adequate measures for the basic design
which, however, may have modifications if so fi eld conditions do allow.

6.2.4.3 Touch voltage limits at different locations

(ncpt) PT.1
Touch voltage limits are given under 6.2.4.1/PT.1. Basic categories are:

1. Public zones. Places of high population density even if only in special occasions like
supermarkets, fairs and open space markets, playgrounds, areas where people
gather, recreation or sports areas, swimming pools, camping areas and similar
locations where people may walk barefoot. In calculations body impedance shall be
considered 1000 Ω, and no additional resistance.
2. Frequented zones. Places where people may walk frequently and it can be
reasonably assumed that they are using shoes such as pavements of public roads,
parking places and locations within urban areas; also agricultural zones in countryside
where the work is done mainly by man (as opposed to mainly by machines); also
meant are objects like fences and other conductive structures. In calculations body
impedance shall be considered 1000 Ω, and additional resistance not greater than
1000 Ω.
3. Seldom frequented zones. Zones not included in the previous categories and where
the human presence is rare like agricultural zones in countryside where the work is
done mainly by machines, cattle ranches, etc.
4. Non frequented zones. Zones where the human presence is most rare, like zones
with no agricultural aptitude, steep slopes, rockfaces, etc.

6.2.4.4 Measures in systems with isolated neutral or resonant earthing

(ncpt) PT.1
Not applicable.

6.3.2 Transferred potentials

(ncpt) PT.1
See 5.6.2/PT.1, PT.2 and PT.3.

7 Supports
7.6 Concrete poles
(ncpt) PT.1
Reinforced concrete poles and their crossarms shall be designed on the basis of the load
assumptions as given in 4.2.10.1/PT.1.

7.6.2 Basis of design

(ncpt) PT.1
The effect of loads shall include moments from the design value of all vertical loads including
dead weight, i.e., secondary order theory.
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7.6.2.3 Lateral reinforcement

(ncpt) PT.1
Transverse reinforcements are designed according to transverse loads. The maximum
spacing shall result either from the design or from experience according to the state of the
art.

7.6.3 Materials
(ncpt) PT.1
The concrete strength shall be at least of class C30/37 for reinforced poles and C35/45 for
prestressed poles.

7.6.4 Serviceability limit states

(ncpt) PT.1
For concrete poles with I-profiled cross-section, the design values for maximum deflection
(where H is the total pole length) are:

0,0275 . H in the main direction;

0,045 . H in the secondary direction.

(ncpt) PT.2
For reinforced concrete poles with I-profiled cross-section, the design values for maximum
width of cracks are:

a) For all lines, except temporary lines: 0,2 mm;

b) For temporary lines: 0,3 mm.

7.6.5 Ultimate limit states

(ncpt) PT.1
The partial safety factors γM shall be taken as follows:

a) Poles with a design method compatible with Eurocode 2

- concrete: γMC = 1,5
- stell: γMC = 1,15
b) Poles with a design method not compatible with Eurocode 2
- The values of γ MC and γMS shall be specified by the manufacturer, according
to his own design method and quality control.

7.6.6 Design assisted by testing

(ncpt) PT.1
The structural design of a concrete pole shall be verified by calculation and by testing.

(ncpt) PT.2
The alternative method of subclause 7.6.6, Part 1, shall be used in the case b) of 7.6.5/PT.1.

(ncpt) PT.3
For concrete poles with I-profiled cross-section the maximum deflection after permanent
loading for 15 min at serviceability limit state (where H is the total pole length) shall be:

0,025 . H in the main direction;

0,040 . H in the secondary direction.

For concrete poles with I-profiled cross-section the maximum residual deflection (where H is
the total pole length) shall be:

0,005 . H in the main direction;

0,007 . H in the secondary direction.
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7.10 Maintenance facilities

(ncpt) PT.1 Numbering of supports, circuit identification and warning signs
Supports shall have sign plates, durable and clearly visible from the ground, indicative of:
• Position along the line (support number)
• Warning sign of electrical danger
• Identification of the line and circuit(s) (for singular supports)
• Emergency phone number (for singular supports)

The arrangement of signs in plates and conventions to unequivocally identification of circuits

shall be given in Project Specifications.
NOTE 1 Project Specifications may also specify special identifying signs to be placed on the upper part of the
support, so that they are visible to personal inspecting the line by helicopter.

NOTE 2 Warning and safety signs shall comply with Portuguese standards NP 522, NP 608 and NP 609 in what
regards colors and symbols..

8 Foundations
8.5.2 Geotechnical design by calculation
(ncpt) PT.1
The method to be used to determine the foundation design resistance Rd shall be given in
Project Specifications.
NOTE 1 Single footing foundations where the predominant load is the overturning moment shall be designed in
such a way that the overall tilt is not greater than 1%.

NOTE 2 Until there is enough experience of practical application of ENV 1997-1-1 (Eurocode 7) separate footings
foundations where the predominant loadings are vertical downward and uplift forces shall be designed to withstand
at least 1,5 times the design non-accidental loads resulting from the supports, exclusive of any partial factors, and
1,25 times the design accidental loads resulting from the supports (deterministic approach).

NOTE 3 Project Specifications (for line design, not for support design) shall indicate if soil characteristics are to be
determined by inspection and/or testing of soil characteristics or by defining/confirming geotechnical characteristics
of “standard” soils given in Annex M.

8.5.3 Geotechnical design by prescriptive measures

(ncpt) PT.1
For concrete poles the embedment length, h e, in the foundation shall be at least

H [m] he [m]
H ≤ 15 0,1 . H + 0,5
15 < H ≤ 20 2,0
20 < H ≤ 27 2,5
27 < H ≤ 34 2,8
34 < H case by case

where H, is the total pole length. These values are not valid in rocky soils.

9 Conductors and overhead earthwires (ground wires) with or without

telecommunication circuits
9.2.2 Electrical requirements
(ncpt) PT.1
When asserting conductor ampacity and performance under short -circuit, requirements of
5.2.2/PT.1, PT.2, PT.3 and PT.4 shall be considered.

9.2.4 Mechanical requirements

(ncpt) PT.1 Maximum design tensile load
The line design shall be such that the maximum permissible tensile load on conductors does
not exceed 40% RTS (Rated Tensile Strength) (see also 4.2/PT.1).
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10 Insulators
10.7 Mechanical requirements
(ncpt) PT.1
Insulator strings shall have a mechanical or electromechanical specified minimum failing
load of at least RTS (rated tensile strength) of the conductors.
NOTE Project Specifications may specify additional requirements, namely regarding strength coordination.

10.16 Selection, delivery and installation of insulators

(ncpt) PT.1
Unless otherwise specified in Project Specifications and in addition to the specifications in
subclause 10.16 of Part 1 and in Annex Q of Part 1 the following shall be considered:

Marking. Each insulator shall have the following indications:

• Name or mark of the manufacturer

• Year of production
• Minimum guaranteed failing load (mechanical or electromechanical).

The insulator shall also have a serial number which allow to identify the date of assembling
and the origin of the materials.

Palleting. Each pallet shall have a label with the indication of:

• Name or mark of the manufacturer

• Name of the purchaser
• Number of the purchaser’s order
• Type of insulator

11 Live equipments – overhead line fittings

11.2 Electrical requirements
(ncpt) PT.1
When asserting fittings ampacity and performance under short-circuit, requirements of
5.2.2/PT.1, PT.2, PT.3, PT.4 and PT.5 shall be considered.

11.6 Mechanical requirements

(ncpt) PT.1
Mechanically loaded connections conductor-clamps and joints shall have a mechanical
specified minimum failing load of at least RTS (rated tensile strength) of the conductors.
Mechanically loaded line fittings shall have a mechanical specified minimum failing load of at
least RTS (rated tensile strength) of the conductors.
NOTE Project Specifications may specify additional requirements, namely regarding strength coordination.

12 Quality assurance, checks and taking

Part 1 applies without change.