RE (Solar Energy)

Practice Problems:
1. Effective blackbody temperature of sun is ______.
a. 5777 K
b. 3777 K
c. 1777 K
d. None of the above
2. Sun is hot because of continuous ______ reactions.
a. fusion
b. fission
c. Markov’s
d. fution
3. Earth is very ______ compared to sun.
a. small
b. big
c. terrestrial
d. extraterrestrial
4. The line shown in green colour is called ______.
a. equator
b. latitude
c. longitude
d. greenwich
5. How much is the air mass if solar zenith angle is 60°?
a. 2
b. 1
c. Infinity
d. 0
6. Earth is tilted from vertical at an angle of about ______.
a. 23.45°
b. 45.23°
c. 2.5°
d. 1°
7. Solar declination at equinox is ______.
a. 0°
b. +23.45°
c. -23.45°
d. none of the above
8. It is always ______ at 12pm solar time.
a. noon
b. sun rise
c. sun set
d. terrestrial-center
9. A plane at earth’s surface can be described by these angles:
a. tilt and surface azimuth
b. east/west and north/south
c. latitude and declination
d. declination and hour angle
 10. ______ is a simple tool for finding azimuths and altitudes of the corners of the different objects.
a. inclinometer
b. pyranometer
c. pyrometer
d. pyrheliometer

Easy Problems:
1. Seasons on earth are due to the change in distance between earth and sun?
a. No
b. Yes
c. Sometimes
d. Only in hot sunny day
2. Latitude of equator is:
a. 0°
b. 90°
c. 180°
d. 360°
3. Latitude of north pole is:
a. 90°
b. -90°
c. 180°
d. Cannot be determined
4. _______ is taken as the reference latitude.
a. Equator
b. North pole
c. South pole
d. Greenwich
5. _______ is taken as the reference longitude.
a. Greenwich
b. Equator
c. North pole
d. South pole
6. The units of longitude and latitude are _______.
a. Degrees
b. Meters
c. Kilometres
d. Astronomical unit (au)
7. A town having +30° latitude and 0° longitude will be located in _______.
a. northern hemisphere
b. southern hemisphere
c. eastward of Greenwich
d. nowhere on earth
8. A town having +30° longitude and 0° latitude will be located in_______.
a. eastward of Greenwich
b. westward of Greenwich
c. northern hemisphere
d. southern hemisphere
9. A city having +30° longitude and +30° latitude will be located in_______.
a. northern hemisphere, eastward of Greenwich
b. northern hemisphere, westward of Greenwich
 c. southern hemisphere, eastward of Greenwich
d. southern hemisphere, westward of Greenwich
10. A city having -30° longitude and -30° latitude will be located in_______.
a. southern hemisphere, westward of Greenwich
b. northern hemisphere, eastward of Greenwich
c. northern hemisphere, westward of Greenwich
d. southern hemisphere, eastward of Greenwich
11. Magnetic poles are also called geographic poles.
a. No
b. Yes
c. Only the north directions
d. Only the south directions
12. All solar engineering calculations are based on:
a. True directions
b. False directions
c. Magnetic directions
d. Magnetic declination
13. If the magnetic declination is 16°W, the magnetic-north is 16° _______ of true-north.
a. west
b. east
c. north-west
d. north-east
14. If a location has 0° magnetic declination, it shows that:
a. Magnetic and true north for the location are same
b. Location is at equator
c. Location is at or near true north pole
d. none of the above.
15. Sun rises from west and sets in east in southern hemisphere.
a. False
b. True
c. Only in winter
d. Only in summer
16. People living at around 42°N will always see sun in_______.
a. south
b. north
c. extreme winter
d. They will never see sun
17. At 30°N during solar noon in December, shadow will be casted _______.
a. Northward
b. Southward
c. Eastward
d. There will be no shadow at noon.
18. At 30°S during solar noon in December, shadow of a tall building will be casted _______.
a. southward
b. northward
c. eastward
d. There will be no shadow at noon.
19. Solar altitude angle is _______ just before sun rise.
a. 0°
 b. 90°
c. It depends upon longitude.
d. It depends upon latitude.
20. At solar noon, solar altitude angle is ________.
a. maximum for a day
b. minimum compared with zenith
c. 90°
d. none of the above
21. When solar altitude angle is 90°, solar zenith angle is _______.
a. 0°
b. -90°
c. 90°
d. 180°
22. At solar noon, solar zenith angle is ________.
a. minimum for a day
b. minimum compared with solar altitude angle
c. 90°
d. Maximum in winter, minimum in summer
23. When solar altitude angle is 90°, air mass is ________.
a. 1
b. 0
c. infinity
d. cannot be determined
24. Sun will look least shinny when air mass is ________.
a. 1.5
b. 2
c. 0
d. ½
25. A 0° solar azimuth angle describes that, it is ________.
a. solar noon
b. morning
c. evening
d. midnight
26. A 30° solar azimuth angle describes that, it is ________.
a. evening
b. solar noon
c. morning
d. midnight
27. Winter in Sydney (southern hemisphere) begins from ________.
a. June
b. December
c. February
d. September
28. Summer in Sydney (southern hemisphere) begins from ________.
a. December
b. March
c. June
d. June-September
29. During June solstice, northern hemisphere is ________ the sun.
 a. close to
b. away from
c. opposite
d. in line with
30. During December solstice, southern hemisphere is ________ the sun.
a. close to
b. away from
c. opposite
d. in line with
31. On equator, during solar noon of March equinox, the sun is ________.
a. directly overhead
b. northward
c. southward
d. impossible to be determined
32. At 38°N, during solar noon of March equinox, the sun is ________.
a. southward
b. directly overhead
c. northward
d. impossible to be determined
33. At 38°N, during solar noon of equinox, the declination angle is ________.
a. 0°
b. 23.45°
c. -23.45°
d. 52°
34. At 38°N, during June solstice at solar noon, the declination angle will be ________.
a. 23.45°
b. -23.45°
c. 52°
d. 75.45°
35. At 38°N, during June solstice at solar noon, the solar altitude angle will be ________.
a. 75.45°
b. 23.45°
c. -23.45°
d. 52°
36. At 38°N, during December solstice at solar noon, the solar zenith angle will be ________.
a. 61.45°
b. 28.55°
c. 23.45°
d. 75°
37. At 38°N, during December solstice at solar noon, the declination angle will be ________.
a. -23.45°
b. 61.45°
c. 28.55°
d. 23.45°
38. At 38°N, during solar noon at 10th March, the declination angle will be ________.
a. -4.8°
b. 4.8°
c. 23.45°
d. 47.19°
39. At 38°N, during solar noon at 20th May, the solar altitude angle will be ________.
a. 71.93°
b. 19.92°
c. 23.45°
d. 18.08°
40. At 38°N, during solar noon at 9th August, the solar zenith angle will be ________.
a. 22.34°
b. 15.67°
c. 67.66°
d. -23.45°
41. Hour angle is another representation of ________.
a. solar time
b. local time
c. equation of time
d. difference between local and solar time
42. Hour angle of -45° illustrates that 3 hrs are left in ________.
a. solar noon
b. local noon
c. early morning
d. sun rise (from east)
43. Hour angle of 30° illustrates that ________ are left in solar noon.
a. 2 hrs
b. 30 hrs
c. 450 hrs
d. none of the above
44. Tilt and surface azimuth angles describe plane direction.
a. True
b. False
c. It depends on hemisphere
d. No, they define position of sun in the sky
45. A plane having 0° angle of incidence will receive less beam radiations compared to the one having 10° angle
of incidence.
a. False
b. True
c. It depends upon the value of cos(θ)
d. Yes, from the view point of trigonometry
46. For a plane exactly facing south, angle of incidence remains constant if the sun moves from 30° east to west.
a. False
b. True
c. It depends upon hemisphere
d. Yes, because plane is facing exactly south
47. For a plane laid on horizontal, angle of incidence changes rapidly as the plane is rotated about 90°.
a. False
b. True
c. Valid only during sun rise or sun set
d. Valid only for solar noon in June solstices
48. During March equinox, at solar noon, the altitude angle of sun for a location at 23.45°N will be ______.
a. 66.55°
b. 23.45°
 c. 0.917°
d. 43.1°
49. During any equinox, at time when 2 hours are left in solar noon, the solar zenith angle for a location 23.45°N
will be ______.
a. 37.40°
b. 52.60°
c. 15.22°
d. 0.79°
50. The day length for a location at 38°N on June solstice is ______.
a. 14.64 hrs
b. 7.32 hrs
c. 109.81 hrs
d. 12 hrs

Difficult Problems:
1. What is the solar altitude angle in Karachi (Latitude=24.8508°N, Longitude=67.0181°E, GMT=+5) on 14 May
at 10:30am local time?
a. 62°
b. 45°
c. 85°
d. 30°
2. At what location on earth, the day length is twice than the day length of a location at 30°N, both calculated
on 5th of November?
a. 72°S
b. 64°S
c. 11°S
d. 72°N