ABSTRACT

We have conducted the Venturi meter experiment in our lab in order to fulfill our
objective of the experiment which is to gain experience using venturi meters and to develop
better understanding of the venturi meter principle. This experiment also helped us to
understand how Bernoulli's equation is applied practically.

To determine the relationship between the flow rate and another coefficient, we
used the venture tube apparatus to measure the rate of flow along a pipe. Then, using
the geometrical properties of the apparatus and again using the relationship between
the differential head and water velocity along the venture cross sectional area, we
determine the value of the piezometric coefficient Cph. Any type of fluid in a pipe can be
moved more quickly at any point by using a Venturi metre. It acts primarily according to
Bernoulli's Theorem.

The pressure in a fluid moving through a small cross section drops suddenly
leading to an increase in velocity of the flow. The fluid of the characteristics of high
pressure and low velocity gets converted to the low pressure and high velocity at a
particular point and again reaches to high pressure and low velocity. The point where
the characteristics become low pressure and high velocity is the place where the venturi
flow meter is used.

In this experiment, water was used as the fluid, and it accelerates as the device's
neck contracts as the throat's velocity rises. The Venturi effect is a term used to
describe how this causes a change in pressure. In this experiment, frictional and
turbulence factors cause the actual flow rate to vary from the theoretical flow rate, and
the coefficient of discharge for the venturi allows us to observe this.
INTRODUCTION

A venturi metre is a tool used to quantify the rate of liquid flow via pipes. It does this by
converting pressure energy into kinetic energy. Depending on Bernoulli's principle, a venturi
metre did operate. According to this theory, the volume flow rate at the inlet and discharge are
the same. A flow measurement tool based on Bernoulli's equation is the venturi metre because
a reduced flow passage cross-sectional area results in a pressure difference inside the pipe.
The cross-sectional size of the flow route is decreased to produce the pressure differential that
exists inside the venturimeter. Using a differential u-tube manometer, it is measured.
The resulting pressure differential helps in calculating the flow rate of fluid through the
pipe. The velocity at the throat will increase as the inlet area, A1, is larger than the throat area,
A2, causing the pressure in P2 to decrease. Based on this, a pressure difference is produced
between the venturi's entrance and throat.
The manometer is used to detect the pressure differential and determine the rate of fluid
flow or other discharge from the pipeline. The cylindrical entrance portion, converging conical
intake, cylindrical throat, and diverging recovery cone are all features of a venturi metre. The
high initial installation costs and challenging installation and inspection are the main drawbacks
of this form of flow detection.The fluid pressure drop that happens when a fluid passes through
a pipe portion that is restricted is known as the Venturi effect.
To satisfy the equation of continuity, the fluid velocity must increase through the
constriction, while its pressure must fall according to energy conservation, the increase in kinetic
energy is balanced by a decrease in pressure or a force caused by a pressure gradient.
Bernoulli's principle and the equation of continuity can be combined to create an equation that
describes the pressure drop brought on by the venturi effect.
OBJECTIVES
1. To gain experience using venturi meter
2. To develop better understanding of the venturi meter principle

APPARATUS AND CHEMICAL

PROCEDURE
1. The inlet valve was adjusted to maintain a constant flow through the venturi metre.
2. In the tank, a certain volume of water was collected and the time was recorded.
3. The manometer reading is recorded in both its left and right limbs.
4. Steps one through three were repeated with a different flow rate.
RESULT AND CALCULATION

(calculation nnti kami paste waktu nak print><)

The purpose of this experiment is to improve one's understanding of the venturi metre
principle and to gain more experience using a venturi metre.A Venturi flow metre is a kind of
differential pressure flow metre that calculates flow by determining the pressure difference
between two points in a pipe. By reducing the pipe's diameter, which speeds up the flow and
results in a pressure differential, the pressure difference is produced. The flow rate may be
calculated using these changes in fluid flow.

In this experiment,the certain volume of water was collected in the tank which known as
end volume and time was recorded to find the flow rate through the system.Then,based of the
data,the piezometer,velocity and total head over venturimeter was calculated.Based on the
result that we obtained,the end volume of water that was collected is 10 L while the time that we
recorded is 59.8 s.Using the formula Q=v/t , the flowrate is 1.67 x 10-4 m3/s.

Its also shown that each of the piezometer tubes produced a different piezometer head
which also affects to the velocity and total head.An example for tube number 1,the diameter of
piezometer tube is 24.5 mm and the piezometer head is 0.275 m.Meanwhile for tube number
5,the diameter of the tube is 9.8mm and the piezometer head is 0.005 m.Then,for tube number
1 the area is 4.7144 x 10-4 m2 while for piezometer tube number 5 the area is 7.5430 x 10-5 m2
.
.Using formula v=Q/A, the velocity of each tube are obtained which are 0.3547 m2/s and 2.2169
m2/s.Lastly,the total head for tube number 1 and 5 are 0.2814 m and 0.2555m .

Based of the results and calculation,we can conclude that the more decreased the
piezometer tube area,the more increases the velocity,the more decreased the total head.It is
because based of the Bernoulli’s principle,the total energy will remains constant but the
pressure and the division of energy may be different. Like all other forms of differential pressure
flow metres, venturi flow metres operate according to the Bernoulli equation, which stipulates
that pressure loss increases with flow rate.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the experiment's goals of gaining experience with a venturi metre and
developing understanding of the venturi metre theory were both accomplished. We have gained
new knowledge on ways to use venturi meters to quantify the rate of liquid flow via pipes. In an
experiment that was done, the venturi meter works as the flow velocity is at its highest and the
pressure is at its lowest throat. Bernoulli's equation is the venturi metre to reduced flow passage
cross-sectional area results in a pressure difference inside the pipe. Furthermore, from the
experiment result data, the velocity for each tube is increasing and the total head is decreasing ,
it was due to the fluid velocity that must be increased through the constriction, while its
pressure must fall according to energy conservation, thus, the increase in kinetic energy is
balanced by a decrease in pressure or a force caused by a pressure gradient .

REFERENCES
Kumar Dey. (2019, April 13). Venturimeter: Definition, Parts, Working Principle, Derivation,
Applications, Advantages, and Disadvantages [With PDF] | Learn Mechanical. Retrieved
November 27, 2022, from https://learnmechanical.com/venturi-meter/
Ankara Yazid. (2010). Venturimeter: Experiment 1 [With PDF] . Retrieved November 28, 2022
from
https://www.aybu.edu.tr/bolumroot/contents/muhendislik_makina/files/VENTURIMETER%20EX
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vlab.amrita.edu,. (2014). Flow through Venturi meter. Retrieved 28 November , 2022, from
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