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SCIENCE 10 - Electricity and Magnetism

Magnetic fields are produced by magnets and electric currents. MRI machines use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the inside of the human body. Electromagnets are coils of wire that can be used to generate controllable magnetic fields when electric current is passed through the wire.

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Jyña Khura Tano
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46 views6 pages

SCIENCE 10 - Electricity and Magnetism

Magnetic fields are produced by magnets and electric currents. MRI machines use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the inside of the human body. Electromagnets are coils of wire that can be used to generate controllable magnetic fields when electric current is passed through the wire.

Uploaded by

Jyña Khura Tano
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• It is a medical imaging technique that is used to


investigate the internal anatomy of the body
• The MRI uses the body’s natural magnetic properties to
produce detailed images from any part of the body

Magnets

• A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic


field.
• Permanent magnets
• Ferromagnets
• Electromagnets
• Ancient Chinese are believed to have discovered the
magnetic property possessed by certain types of naturally
magnetized pieces of iron ore called magnetite or
lodestone.
• Lodestone means “leading stone” – they always point to the north-south direction

Magnetic Fields

Magnetic field is a region of space where a magnetic force is felt.

1. The lines
always
originate from the magnetic north pole.
1. The field lines do not cross one another
2. The closer the magnetic field lines to one another, the
stronger the magnetic field

Magnetic Poles

• Magnetic Poles: A region on a magnet which produces magnetic forces


• The poles of a suspended magnet will align themselves to the poles of the Earth
• Fundamental Rule: Like poles repel; opposite poles attract
• Magnetic poles behave similarly to electric charges EXCEPT:
a. Electric charges can be isolated
b. Magnetic poles cannot
Magnetic Domains
• Magnetic Domain: Clusters of aligned atoms
• Permanent magnets are made by placing materials in strong magnetic fields
 Aligns the domains
• It is possible to weaken a magnet by dropping or heating it
 Pushes the domains out of alignment

Earth’s Magnetic Field

• Currents in the molten part of Earth beneath the crust create the Earth’s
magnetic field
 Moving charges loop within the Earth
• Earth’s magnetic field is not stable
 Magnetic pole and geographic pole are offset
• Magnetic poles are located:
 North: Hudson Bay region of northern Canada (1800 km from
geographic pole)
 South: Just south of Australia
• Magnetic Declination: Difference between geographic and magnetic poles

Forces Caused by Magnetic Fields

 Right Hand Rule


 Used to demonstrate the direction of the force on a
current-carrying wire
 To use:
 point the fingers of your
right hand in the direction
of the magnetic field (B).
 Your thumb should point
to the direction of the
current (I)
 Your palm should face the
direction of the force (F)
acting on the wire

Electromagnetic Induction

 Recall: Electric current is the movement of electric charges


 Current produces a magnetic field
 When current is carried through a conductor, the magnetic field produces a pattern of
concentric circles

Hans Oersted

 Discovered that the presence of a magnetic field


around a current-carrying wire

 If the current
switches
direction, the
compass
needles will turn 180o

 This concept is known as Oersted’s Principle

Michael Faraday

 Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.


 This law explains how electricity is obtain in magnetism.
 The current produced is called “induced current”
 He observed that whenever the magnet is plunged into the coil,
the needle of the galvanometer is deflected momentarily
 Voltage has been induced

Galvanometers

• Galvanometer: A sensitive instrument used to detect electric


current
 Consists of a magnetic needle centered under loops of
insulated wire
 Electric current will cause the needle to pivot, detecting
even very small currents
 May be calibrated to measure current (ammeter) or voltage (voltmeter)

The magnitude is dependent on:

1. The speed of with the magnet is moved in and out of the coil
2. The strength of the magnet
3. The number of turns in the coil used

Electromagnets

 Electromagnet: A current-carrying coil of wire with many loops


 The magnetic domains of a piece of iron placed in the coil will be aligned
 They will intensify the magnetic field
 The strongest electromagnets use superconductors as a core

Electromagnet Applications

 An alarm bell uses an electromagnet with a changing


magnetic field to move a plunger

 Electrical Generator
- Also called a dynamo
- Is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy.

 DC Motors
- A simple DC motor uses a permanent
magnet to establish a field where an
electromagnet is made to rotate
 When connected to a battery, the electromagnet will rotate one half turn
 Its south pole will align with the north pole of the permanent magnet
- These two devices change the direction of the current at exactly the correct moment so that
the poles of the electromagnet reverse
- This causes the electromagnet to keep spinning

 Motors
- As the armature passes through the horizontal position,
the poles of the electromagnet reverse due to the
commutator

 Junkyard Picker Upper


Other
Applications:
 The follow items use the idea
- CRT TVs
-

MRIs

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