Chapter 4: FISHING

Designed for GCE “O” Levels [Cambridge International University]

Catching of fishes in seas and lakes and rivers.
Oldest occupations and food.
Full of nutritions and proteins.
 Aqua culture  breeding of fishes.
 Many of fish farms are developed for breeding.
IMPORTANCE:
1. Is the most developing industry of Pakistan.
2. has much more potential to increase.
3. Also many of items are exported and foreign exchange in gained.
4. Many of fishing companies have been developed.
5. Main occupation in coastal parts of Sindh  provides employment.
TYPES AND METHOD OF FISHING
1. MARINE:
 developed near seas. coast line is required.
 Pakistan has coast line near Sindh (30%) and near Makran coast (70%).
mangroves trees are planted.  they are used as the breeding ground for fishes and baby fishes.
 they are mostly found in hab delta.
TYPES OF MARINE FISHING:
1. SELF SUBSISTENCE:
it is a type of subsistence farming.  the total catch is very low and consumed by the fisherman himself and
his family.  it is not for sale purpose.
 no surplus is left that is used for export.
Techniques: [Old Techniques]:  conventional methods  traditional nets.  wodden sailing boats that
cannot go far away into the seas.  fisherman are not as much trained and educated to use any modern
machinery.
2. COMMERCIAL FISHING:
 it is for sale purpose.
 it gains much amount of profit.
 after selling into the market, surplus is exported.
 Karachi and Gawador are two main fishing coast line.
 they are best because  they had exporting facilities.  government has provided facilities like freezers to
preserve the catch without perishing them.  the sea in front of these areas is enormous with deep shallow
water.  fishes from river Indus are dropped into sea.
Techniques: upgraded and large trawlers that can go far away into the sea for much larger catch.  it can
remain into the sea for more than one day.  fill netters with mechanized boats and cranes.  has preserving
facilities into the trawlers and ships.  in Karachi, korangi fishing harbor is developed.
2. INLAND FISHING:
1. Practised in rivers and lake and ponds.
2. Done in reservoirs and dams.
3. Also called artificial farming because they are done mostly for entertainment and consuming purpose.
4. The fishes are fresh water fishes.
MAIN INLAND FISIING CENTRES:  River Indus at sukku, kotri and thatta.  Kenjhar jheel-north of
thatta.  Manchar jheel at dadu.  Haleji lake at west of thatta.
TYPES OF FRESH WATER FISH:
1. Thalla.
2. Grass and Silver.
3. Rahu.
4. Palla.
5. Manaseer
FISH SUPPLIES:
1. Great domestic market.
2. Catch is delivered to local market and freezers.
3. The local whole seller takes then to door to door services.
4. International boundaries: Pakistan has a value in trade of fisheries.
5. Makran coast is dried coast and exported to UK, France and West Germany.
FISHING ACTIVITY IN PAKISTAN:
1. Most important is a gawador port.
2. About 1/4th of the total catch is gained from gawador port.
3. Fishing season is May-September when at monsoon seas are very high and wild.
4. Sea fishes are: Mackerel, herring, drums, croaker, sardines and shrimps, octopus and squids.
FISH MARKETTING:
1. Kept in ice for transportation.
2. Exported to sri lanka, china and korea.
3. Fish is traded sometimes outside boundaries in order to avoid port and country entrance charges.
4. When fish catch is lead to harbor, auction occurs and the sellers buy it and then sell it to city.
5. Very less is marketed locally because of having very less demand than supply.
Government Incentives:
 project of gawador fishing harbor also known as mini port.
 has icing and freezing facilities with freezers and special trawlers.  special loading and unloading
facilities.  making and repairing fishing boats.  making of nets.  fish processing
usually this work requires skill which they learned from their ancestors and forefathers.
government can give them easy loans and can provide better machineries for them.
 need for training and provide education about fishing.
 professional net making industries by the help of interest free loans.
 providing incentives in order to attract private investors.
PROLBLEMS FACED IN FISHING INDUSTRIES
1. OVERFISHING:
one of the main problem. no control over fishing hunt.  Fishing does not even stop in breeding season.
 Trawlers catch more than they are allowed.  This affects the reproduction of fishes.  Danger of
extinction of some breeds.
2. CUTTING OF MANGROVES:
 deforestation occurs.  cutting of mangroves leads to destruction in the nurseries of fishes.  mangrove
holds the wild waves of seas to keep infant fishes safe.
3. WATER POLLUTION:
 Karachi coastline is affected by pollution.  oil spillage from tankers.  waste discarded from factories.
 Industrial untreated waste water which is lethal. Extensive use of fertilizers. Produce fungi on surface
water.  Oxygen lacking in water.  fish dies (EUTROPHICATION).  these chemicals are taken into the
fishes which are forwarded to human.  these fishes are contaminated by lethal chemicals.
EXAMINER’S ANSWER:
a.i. Two fishing ports are Gawador, pasni, jiwani and ormara.
ii. Shark, drum, cat fish, ray, herring and pomfret.
iii. Subsistence methods are low scale farming which uses small wooden boats. Boats even do not have engines
so that it cannot go far away into the seas. Fishing is catch by handmade weak nets which are not efficient for
catching. There are no freezers to store the catch fishes and they are stored in ice bars. Fishermen are not even
skilled to use modern machineries.
iv. This can be improved by skilling and educating the fishermen and by using modern and speed boats which
can go far away into the seas. Professional nets like gill netters and nylon nets which are more strong and large
and hold great catches. Freezers should be provided so as to preserve the catch safely. Trawlers can be used
that can stay into the seas for more than one day. Radios and sonar are also used to detect the loaf of fishes.
B.i. fishes should be stored into the freezers when the trawlers are on shore so as to protect fishes from being
affected by bacteria. Using fish oil over their bodies protects them from being bio degraded. Fishes are value
added by storing them into canned items and salted way to gain more profit.
ii. So as to gain more profit.
iii. Fishing is difficult in Baluchistan because of bad transportation facilities like having poor roads and no
railway facilities. There is lack of education and skill for fishermen which does not allow to increase the catch.
There are poor telecommunication links and channel. There are other lack of facilities like power and
electricity.
c.i. overall for both the catches the amount is increased however the increase of marine catch has been more
increased as compare to inland fishing. Marine fishing continuously increased till 2000 however inland fishing
had a small increase till 1970’s
ii. Because most of the people lives near the river and lake and performs fishing. Most of the time, inland
fishing like dams, river and ponds requires maintenance for which more people are hired. Most of the people
are involved in the markets and transportation.