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Fault Current & Impedance Matrix

The document provides data for a simple power system including generator ratings, line impedances, and fault calculations. It gives the positive and zero sequence impedance matrices which are used to calculate fault currents at different locations on the system. The matrices are developed by considering the generator and line impedances in per unit on a common 100 MVA base.

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Langelihle Xaba King
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© © All Rights Reserved
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535 views12 pages

Fault Current & Impedance Matrix

The document provides data for a simple power system including generator ratings, line impedances, and fault calculations. It gives the positive and zero sequence impedance matrices which are used to calculate fault currents at different locations on the system. The matrices are developed by considering the generator and line impedances in per unit on a common 100 MVA base.

Uploaded by

Langelihle Xaba King
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example: Fault current calculation

The one-line diagram of a simple power system


is shown in Figure below. The neutral of each
generator is grounded through a current-
limiting reactor of 0.25/3 per unit on a 100 MVA
base. The system data expressed in per unit on a
common 100 MVA base is tabulated below. The
generators are running on no-load at their rated
voltage and rated frequency with their emfs in
phase. Determine the fault current for the
following faults.

1
Example: Fault current calculation

Item Base MVA Voltage Rating (kV) X1 (pu) X2 (pu) X0 (pu)


G1 100 20 0.15 0.15 0.05
G2 100 20 0.15 0.15 0.05
T1 100 20/220 0.10 0.10 0.10
T2 100 20/220 0.10 0.10 0.10
L12 100 220 0.125 0.125 0.30
L13 100 220 0.15 0.15 0.35
L23 100 220 0.25 0.25 0.7125 2
Positive-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
1
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25

2 𝑗𝑗0.25 0
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =
0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25

Non-diagonal elements: R3=R1 & C3=C1

𝒁𝒁𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 = 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟒𝟒

𝑗𝑗0.25 0 𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐


3 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25 𝟎𝟎
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =
𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟒𝟒

3
Positive-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝑗𝑗0.25 0 𝑗𝑗0.25
3 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25 0
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =
𝑗𝑗0.25 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.4
𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
−𝑗𝑗𝑗.25
∆𝑍𝑍 =C2-C1= 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25
−𝑗𝑗𝑗.25
∆𝑍𝑍 𝑇𝑇 =R2-R1=[-j0.25, j0.25, -j0.25]
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 = 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏−𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐 × 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑍𝑍𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =j0.25+j0.25+j0.125-2× 𝑗𝑗0 = j0.625
4
Positive-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

𝑗𝑗0.25 0 𝑗𝑗0.25 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.25


4 1
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25 0 − 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25 × −j0.25, j0.25, −j0.25
𝑗𝑗𝑗.625
𝑗𝑗0.25 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.4 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.25

𝑗𝑗0.25 0 𝑗𝑗0.25 𝑗𝑗0.1 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗0.1


4 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.25 0 − −𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.1
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =
𝑗𝑗0.25 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.4 𝑗𝑗0.1 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1

𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗0.15


4
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1
𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.3 5
Positive-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗0.15
4
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1
𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.3
𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟒 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝑗𝑗0.05
∆𝑍𝑍 =C3-C2= −𝑗𝑗𝑗.05
𝑗𝑗𝑗.2
∆𝑍𝑍 𝑇𝑇 =R3-R2=[j0.05, -j0.05, j0.2]
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 = 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒁𝒁𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐−𝟑𝟑 − 𝟐𝟐 × 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑍𝑍𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =j0.15+j0.3+j0.25-2× 𝑗𝑗0.1 = j0.5
6
Positive-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟒 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗0.05


1
5
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 − −𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 × j0.05, −j0.05, j0.2
𝑗𝑗𝑗.5
𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.3 𝑗𝑗𝑗.2

𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗0.005 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.005 𝑗𝑗0.02


5
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 − −𝑗𝑗𝑗.005 𝑗𝑗𝑗.005 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.02
𝑗𝑗0.15 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝑗𝑗𝑗.3 𝑗𝑗0.02 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.02 𝑗𝑗𝑗.08

𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏


𝒁𝒁𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 = 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 =𝒁𝒁+𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁−𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
7
Zero-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
1
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.4

2 𝑗𝑗0.4 0
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =
0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1

Non-diagonal elements: R3=R1 & C3=C1

𝒁𝒁𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 = 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟒𝟒 + 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕

𝑗𝑗0.4 0 𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 4
3
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 𝟎𝟎
𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 4 𝟎𝟎 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 75

8
Zero-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝑗𝑗0.4 0 𝑗𝑗0.4
3
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 0
𝑗𝑗0.4 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.75
𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
−𝑗𝑗𝑗.4
∆𝑍𝑍 =C2-C1= 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1
−𝑗𝑗𝑗.4
∆𝑍𝑍 𝑇𝑇 =R2-R1=[-j0.4, j0.1, -j0.4]
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 = 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏−𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐 × 𝒁𝒁𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑍𝑍𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =j0.4+j0.1+j0.3-2× 𝑗𝑗0 = j0.8
9
Zero-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

𝑗𝑗0.4 0 𝑗𝑗0.4 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.4


1
4
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 0 − 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 × −j0.4, j0.1, −j0.4
𝑗𝑗𝑗.8
𝑗𝑗0.4 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.75 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.4

𝑗𝑗0.4 0 𝑗𝑗0.4 𝑗𝑗0.2 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗0.2


4
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.1 0 − −𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.0125 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.05
𝑗𝑗0.4 0 𝑗𝑗𝑗.75 𝑗𝑗0.2 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.2

𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗0.2


4
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.0875 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05
𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.55 10
Zero-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗0.2
4
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.0875 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05
𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.55
𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟒 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝑗𝑗0.15
∆𝑍𝑍 =C3-C2= −𝑗𝑗𝑗.0375
𝑗𝑗𝑗.5
∆𝑍𝑍 𝑇𝑇 =R3-R2=[j0.15, -j0.0375, j0.5]
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 = 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒁𝒁𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐−𝟑𝟑 − 𝟐𝟐 × 𝒁𝒁𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑍𝑍𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =j0.0875+j0.55+j0.7125-2× 𝑗𝑗0.05 = j1.25
11
Zero-Sequence Bus Impedance Matrix
𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟒 ∆𝒁𝒁×∆𝒁𝒁𝑻𝑻
𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 =𝒁𝒁𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 −
𝒁𝒁𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗0.15


5 1
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.0875 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 − −𝑗𝑗𝑗.0375 × j0.15, −j0.0375, j0.5
𝑗𝑗𝑗.25
𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.55 𝑗𝑗𝑗.5

𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗0.018 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.0045 𝑗𝑗0.06


5
𝑍𝑍𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.0875 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 − −𝑗𝑗𝑗.0045 𝑗𝑗𝑗.001125 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.015
𝑗𝑗0.2 𝑗𝑗𝑗.05 𝑗𝑗𝑗.55 𝑗𝑗0.06 −𝑗𝑗𝑗.015 𝑗𝑗𝑗.2

𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏


𝒁𝒁𝟓𝟓𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 = 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝒁𝒁𝒛𝒛𝒛𝒛𝒛𝒛𝒛𝒛
𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃
𝒋𝒋𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒋𝒋𝒋𝒋. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

12

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