Research 2 - From the latin word quantitas means

Lesson 1: Types of Research “how great”; “how much”; “how many”

- Uses numbers, magniture, and
ACCORDING TO APPLICATION measurement
1. Pure Research
- Developing and testing theories and 2. Unstructured Approach (Qualitative
hypothesis that are intellectually Research)
challenging to the research - Allows flexibility in all aspects of the
- Focus in discovering new things research process
- Came from the latin word qualitas
2. Applied Research meaning “of what kind”
- Involve application or proposition to - Purely evaluation, judgement and
solve a problem taste
- You are applying what you have
researched Lesson 2: Sampling Techniques

ACCORDING TO OBJECTIVES Sampling Technique

1. Descriptive Research - Process of how the research pick their
- Attempts to describe systematically a respondents for their research.
situation, problem, phenomenon,
service or program POPULATION VS SAMPLE
Population – The entire group
2. Correlational Research Sample – Specific group from the
- Aims to discover or establish a Population
relationship/association/ Sample Size – number of individuals in
interdependence between two or your sample (depends on different factors:
more aspects of a situation size and variability, and the research
- Finding out the relationship and if design)
there is any relationship between.

3. Exploratory Research TYPES OF SAMPLING METHOD

- Undertaken with the objective either 1. Probability Sampling
to explore an area where little - Random selection
information is known - Allows to make strong statistical
- Example are case study. inference about the whole group
- Everyone has a chance to be selected
4. Explanatory Research - Commonly used in quantitative
- Attempts to clarify why and how there research
is a relationship two aspects of a - The respondents will be the
situation or phenomenon representative of the population
- Types:
5. Action Research a. Simple Random Sampling
- Implementing a solution to a problem - Everyone has equal chance
of the society or in a organization and being selected
checking for the result b. Systematic Sampling
- Steps in Action Research - Easier to simple Random
a. Determine the Problem Sampling
b. Think for a solution - Individual are chosen at a
c. Implement the Solution regular interval
d. Reflect/Study the result - Example: Every 5 student that
leaves the school will be the
ACCORDING TO INQUIRY MODE respondents
1. Structure Approach (Quantitative c. Stratified Sampling
Research) - Involves dividing the population
- Everything that forms the research into subpopulation that may
process (objective, design, sample differ in important ways
and question) is predetermined
(Prepared)
 - How? Divide the population to 6. Purposive Sampling
subgroups based on the - Researcher are selecting
relevant characteristics respondents that is most useful
- Strata - Subgroups to the purpose of the research
d. Cluster Sampling - Often used in qualitative
- Involves dividing the population research
to subgroup, and these
subgroups have similar Additional Lesson: Content for Chapter 2
characteristics to the whole
sample. Then sampling the RESEARCH DESIGN
whole subgroup instead of one - You can find what kind of research used
individual according to objective and inquiry
- Commonly used when it deals - Define the design with citation
with large and dispersed - States the general goal in the study
population
RESEARCH LOCALE
2. Non-Probability Sampling - It describes where the Research will
- Individual are selected on non- take place
random criteria - It is also the place where ingredient
- Not everyone has a chance obtain and where the product is
- Commonly used in Exploratory assembled
and qualitative research - Describe the place on why it is the best
- Your conclusion may be more location for the study
limited - OPTIONAL for Non-Product
- It aims to develop an initial development research
understanding of a small or
under-researched population RESEARCH RESPONDENT AND
- Types: SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
1. Convenience Sampling - Describes your respondent or the
- Include the individual who are population where your respondents will
most accessible to the be selected
researcher - Select and mention the appropriate
2. Voluntary Response Sampling sampling technique and describe why,
- Voluntary Response and mainly followed by citation
based on ease of access - Respondents is for Quantitative
- Individual are volunteering Approach
themselves to participate in the - Key Respondents is for Qualitative
research. Approach
3. Purposive Sampling
- Researcher are selecting RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
respondents that is most useful - How the will the question will be
to the purpose of the research administer
- Often used in qualitative (survey/questionnaire/interview) and
research how respondents will can answer
- Judgement sampling - It also tells the reason why the chosen
4. Snow Ball Sampling instrument is used.
- Respondents are being - It indicates the questions will be asked
recruited by other respondents to the respondent.
- Starts to small number and will
refer to other until it became DATA GATHERING
large number - List the steps in gathering the data
5. Quota Sampling needed for the completion of the study
- Researcher create a sample - TRIAL AND ERROR – can also be
involving individuals that indicated for product development
represent a population research
- The researcher has a quota
DATA ANALYSIS
- It tells how the data will be interpreted
during the research
- It is the statistical analysis in the
research

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
- For product development, there are 4
additional parts:
1. Planning Phase
- How the group came up with
the experiment
- The preparation done by the
researcher for the product
1. Development Phase
- How is the product developed
- Can either be number form or
through Flow Chart
- It also include the
Materials/equipment and the
procedure itself
1. Analysis Phase
- Analyze the use of the product
 Purpose
 Hypotheses
 Goal of the product
2. Testing and Evaluation
- Evaluating the product in
different aspects
- How the product be evaluated

ADDITIONAL:

VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT and

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION may be added
in the research depending on your research
and your adviser