CHAPTER 10 PAINTS

The house reflects a person’s personality. So what’s a house without a color? Isn’t
it frustrating to see a house that is colorless or unfinished due to lack of ideas
when it comes to color combination or even area designs?
Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or solid mastic composition that, after
application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most
commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. ...

Paints are mixture of pigments and binders generally available in liquid state..

Paints form a solid film when applied on a surface. This film protects the surface
from many dangers like corrosion, weathering, chemical attacks etc.

Timber or metal structures can extend their life by coating them with paints.

Not only protection paints also provides aesthetic appearances to the surfaces.
So, paints play a major role in construction works and projects.

10. 1 5 Types of Wall Paints and Finishes

 Flat/Matte: Flat paints (also called matte paints) have the least amount of shine.
...
 Eggshell: Eggshell finishes are a very popular paint finish. ...
 Satin: Satin finishes are the most common interior paint finish. ...
 Semi-gloss: Semi-gloss paints are shiny and reflective.

10.2 Classification of Paints and their Applications

All paints are not suitable for all conditions. For different conditions, different types
of paints may be useful.

The different types of paints and their applications in construction are explained
below.

Different Types of Paints

Following are the different types of paints:

1. Aluminum paints
2. Asbestos paints
3. Anti-corrosive paints
4. Bituminous paints
5. Cement based paints
6. Synthetic rubber paints
7. Silicate paints
8. Graphite paints
 9. Plastic paints
10. Casein paints
11. Cellulose paints
12. Enamel paints
13. Emulsion paints
14. Bronze paints
15. Colloidal paints
16. Oil paints

Aluminum Paints
Aluminum paints are made by mixing finely ground aluminum with spirit or oil
varnishes. Spirit varnish makes the drying period shorter and oil varnish imparts
slow drying facility. So, varnish cane be used according to the requirement.

This type of paint is used for painting wood works, metallic surface etc. The layer
of paint is hardened by evaporation of spirit or oil.

Aluminum paint has many advantages such as, it is waterproof, resistance against
electricity, corrosion, weathering, it can be visible in dark and provides good
appearance.

Asbestos Paints
Asbestos paint is a special purpose paint which is made of fibrous asbestos. It is
used for covering leakage in metal roofs, for patch works, for protecting surfaces
from acid gases and steam.

Rusting of pouts, flashings, gutters etc. can also be prevented using asbestos
paint coating.

Anti-Corrosive Paints
Anti-corrosive paints are used to resist corrosion. So, this type of paint is widely
used for metal surfaces like pipe, external structures which may allowed to
corrosive nature etc.

Linseed oil is generally used as vehicle and along with it a strong drier is used to
make anti corrosive paint. It is very cheap and lasts longer.
Bituminous Paints
Bituminous paints are obtained by dissolving tar or asphalt in petroleum or white
spirit. They provide black appearance to the surface.

Bituminous paints are used for metal structures in under water conditions, iron
pipes carrying water. Bituminous paints have good alkali resistant property.

Cement Based Paints

Cement based paints contains cement as the base material. These paints contain
cement, accelerator, pigment and other additives. They are available in powder
form. By mixing water to this powder and stirred to the required consistency the
paint is obtained.

Cement based paint is water proof and can be applied in internal or external
surfaces.

Synthetic Rubber Paints

Synthetic rubber paints are made by dissolving synthetic resins in the suitable
solvents. By adding suitable pigments to this mixer, the color can vary.

This type of paint is widely used on cement concrete surfaces like concrete walls
etc.

This paint is less affected by rain, sunlight etc. It has good resistant properties
against acids, alkalis and moisture conditions. It dries very quickly and maintains
uniform color throughout the surface.
Silicate Paints
Silicate paint is a mixture of silica and resinous substances. Silica gives good
adhesion to the paint which will form hard surface after drying. This surface can
resist extreme heat with great resistance.

Silicate paints never reacts chemically with the metals. So, this type of paint can
be used in hot conditions and for metal structures.

Graphite Paints
Graphite paint is made of graphite which is in black color. It is used for painting
underground structures like mines etc. Iron structures are coated with graphite
paints.

Plastic Paints
Plastic paints contain plastic as the base. Plastic paints dry very quickly, provides
better appearance and have high covering power. They are used for coating walls,
slabs, decks etc.
Casein Paints
Casein is a protein which is available in milk curd, is taken and is mixed with white
pigments to get casein paints. It is available in powder form or paste form. Colored
pigments can be used to get required color.

Casein paints are used for coating walls, ceilings, wood works etc. But for exterior
usage, this paint should be mixed with driers.

Cellulose Paints
Cellulose paints are special type of oil paints. They are made of celluloid sheets,
nitrogen-cotton, amyl acetate and photographic films.
In case of normal oil paints, layer is hardened by oxidation but in this case layer is
hardened by the evaporation of solvent.

It provides smooth finish and is not affected by smoke, water, acids etc. it is very
costly and only used for painting aircrafts, motor cars etc..

Enamel Paints
The main constituents of enamel paints are metallic oxide, petroleum spirit, oil and
resinous matter. Enamel paint dries very slowly but after drying it forms very hard,
impervious and smooth layer. This layer cannot be affected by acids, alkalis, gas
fumes, water etc.

Different colored enamel paints are available in the market. So, they are widely
used for painting doors, windows, stairs, decks etc.
Emulsion Paints
Emulsion paints have good alkali resistant properties. This property can be
achieved by using vehicles like polyvinyl lactate, styrene, alkyd resin etc. it dries
very quickly and it can be washed with water because of its film forming
constituent is emulsified in water instead of solvent.

So, this type of paint can be used for all masonry works especially for stucco
plaster brick works which contains free alkali.

Bronze Paints
Bronze paints are reflective paints which are widely used on radiators. It can be
used either for internal or for external metal structures.
General vehicle used in the bronze paints is nitro-cellulose lacquer. Pigments used
are aluminum bronze or copper bronze.

Colloidal Paints
Colloidal paints do not contain any type of inert materials. It takes long period to
settle due to its colloidal properties. When it is applied on the surface, it settles and
penetrates through the body of surface.

Oil Paints
Oil paints are nothing but normal paints which usually contains a base and vehicle.
General base constituents used for making oil paints are white lead, zinc white,
lithopone, red lead and titanium oxide. General vehicles used in oil paints are
linseed oil, tug oil etc.

Along with base and vehicle, driers and color pigments are also used. The driers
used may be litharge, red lead, zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate etc.

Oil paints are very economic and they can be applied in easy manner. They are
generally applied in three coats of varying composition.
So, this type of paints can be applied for walls, doors, windows, metal structures
etc. But the main disadvantage with oil paints is that they do not suitable for humid
weather conditions.

10.3 Paint Brands in the Philippines

https://www.topmosthardware.ph/an-overview-to-paint-brands-in-the-philippines/

The following paint and coating companies were identified as major and medium-
scale manufacturers:

 Major Paint and Coating Producers (PH): United Paints, Inc., Nippon Paints,
Jotun Philippines, Pacific Paint (Boysen) Philippines, Inc.,, Charter Chemical
and Coating Corp., Asian Coatings Philippines, Inc. and Davies.
 Medium-scale Paint and Coating Producers (PH): Super Globe, Inc., FH
Colors and Coatings, Globesco, Inc., H-Chem Industries, Inc., Chemical
Industries, Inc., Mayon Industrial Corp., Treasure Island Industrial
Corporation, Roosevelt Sycwin Coating and Wires, Inc., Century Chemical
Corp., and Times Paint Corp.

Davies Paints Philippines, Inc.

Instituting its first office and manufacturing plant in Pasig City, Metro Manila in
1982, Davies Paints Philippines, Inc. started operations under the company name
Charter Chemical & Coating Corp. After two years, the company initiated its efforts
to distribute marine paints supplies and heavy-duty coatings in the Philippines
under Maincoat, Inc. as designated by Japan’s No.1 and world-renowned marine
paint company, Chugoku Marine Paint, Ltd. Davies, over the years, has
continuously developed innovative products like Biofresh+, the first local odorless
and anti-bacterial paint, and Aqua Gloss-It, the first water-based quick drying
enamel paint.

Today, Davies Paints is highly recognized by Filipinos and building construction

experts for having the widest selection of ready-to-use paints, and being one of the
leading premium paint brands in the Philippines.

Pacific Paint (Boysen) Philippines

Under the name of Columbus, Pacific Paint or Boysen started producing coatings
for the marine, architecture, and industry in the local market in 1953. The company
then wager their bet in paint production in 1958. And two years later, with the help
of California-based company Walter N. Boysen, the Pacific Paint was authorized to
manufacture Boysen Paints in the Philippines. This certification served as the
stepping stone of Pacific Paint to get far ahead its competitors in paint products,
even outselling the U.S. brands.

Nippon Paints Philippines Inc.

Nippon Paints Supplies Philippines Inc. was established in Manila in the year of
1976. To accompany the growing demands of paints in the 1990s, Nippon decided
to build a bigger plant in Cabuyao, Laguna with a capacity of 30,000 TPA. This
plan opened the production of industrial paints, and other goods such as varnishes
and refinishes.

Dutch Boy

Following the use of “superior method” in creating paint supplies over a hundred
years ago, Dutch Boy has now become a recognizable brand globally, even further
pressing its presence in the Philippines. The company continued to offer premium
quality and innovative paint products, strengthening their relationship with the
customers which made them still relevant in the changing market.

Island Premium Paints

Treasure Island has been consistent in providing quality construction paints and
chemicals since it was founded in the 1950’s. The Cebu-based manufacturer
competes in the market, along with the existing giant companies, with their
corporate goal as sword: to offer “exceptional service and quality products that
have the best value for money.”

Jotun Philippines Inc.

Jotun Inc. fully operated in 2011 in their offices in Parañaque and Mandaue. The
company also owns the seven-hectare plant for commercial production which is
said to have a capacity of whopping five million liters of paints per year — enough
to supply the demands in protective, marine, and decorative sectors.

PAINTS FOR DIFFERENT SURFACES

Painting and Surface preparation for new concrete wall

If you want to paint a concrete surface, whether inside or outside of your home, it’s
important that you properly prepare the surface first. One crucial part of the
process is using a high-quality primer—this is what acts a go-between for concrete
surfaces and paint. Primer guarantees that your paint will stay put by providing the
texture necessary for the paint to adhere to the surface.

For a clean and even coat of paint, your concrete surface will need to be
thoroughly cleaned before primer is applied. ... Use a strong sealer to fix any
cracks and seal the interior surface of the concrete completely.

Concrete painting is trickier than painting most surfaces: It breathes, transports

moisture, and sucks up paint.

While you can paint drywall in a day or two, you’ll need a week or more to finish
painting concrete. Continue reading below for tips -- plus costs -- on how to
paint concrete surfaces:

1. Clean the Concrete

 Cleaning concrete is a vital first step because the porous surface tends to trap dirt,
grease, and oil

2. Strip Old Paint (for repainting)

Strip peeling or blistering paint indoors with a wire brush.Outdoors, get rid of old
paint with a power

3. Seal Interior Concrete

Water moves easily through porous concrete, so sealing interior walls is necessary
to prevent moisture from seeping in, promoting mold growth and that cold,
damp basement feel. Use a masonry sealer, such as ThoroSeal, that also patches
cracks.

Carefully follow directions for mixing, applying, and curing the sealer. ThoroSeal,
for example, requires two coats; the manufacturer recommends curing for five to
seven days before applying the second coat.

Repair any cracks or blemishes in your wall with concrete patch. Follow the
directions to mix up the concrete patch mixture. Fill holes and use a trowel to
smooth the patch to match the surface of the wall.[3]

4. Prime the Concrete

Concrete primer, called block primer, fills pores and evens out the surface. For
exterior foundations and walls, use exterior-grade block filler, such as Primer dries
in two hours; wait at least eight hours, but no more than 30 days, to paint.

Primer is a preparatory coating put on materials before painting. Primer is a paint

product that is designed to adhere to surfaces and to form a binding layer that is
better prepared to receive the paint. Primers are engineered to have improved
filling and binding properties with the material underneath.

Advantages of Primer
 Primer is often used when painting porous materials such as concrete and
especially wood to protect them from moisture.
 Priming ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface.
 It increases paint durability and provides additional protection for the
material being painted.
  Primer increases covering capacity of paint and thereby reduces the cost
of painting.
 Primer is cost-effective material hence it is not responsible for increasing
the cost of the project.
 It is always advisable to apply primer as an undercoat.

5. Paint the Concrete

Masonry paint (also called elastomeric paint or elastomeric wall coating) is a good
choice for concrete painting because it contains binders that contract and expand
with the concrete. Exterior house paint can crack and peel on concrete.

Masonry paint can be tinted and is much thicker than exterior paint. Some
masonry paint is thicker than exterior paint and contains fine particles that can clog
air sprayers. If you want to spray-paint cement, ask your local paint store for a
product that will work well in a sprayer.

No matter how you apply paint, let it dry for a day between coats. You’ll probably
need two to three coats, so check the long-range weather forecast before you
begin.
METAL PAINTING
If you’ve ever attempted to paint over galvanized steel, you probably know that it doesn’t
adhere the best. The layer of zinc on the steel protects it from corrosion, but it also rejects
paint. This leads to the paint eventually shedding or peeling off.

Fortunately, for anyone who has ever wanted to paint galvanized steel, there is a solution!
You can add a coat of paint to your galvanized steel as long as you have the right tools and
follow along with these four steps.

1. Clean the Surface

You want to make sure you are removing all the buildup of dust or dirt that can affect the
way the coat of paint lays on the metal. No matter what the material is, it is difficult to apply
a proper layer if you’re brushing off bits of leftover particles.

2. Use Your Secret Weapon

The secret weapon of the galvanized steel painting process is: white vinegar. Yes, you read
that right! Like most, you probably already have white vinegar on hand as a cleaning
solution for your home. White vinegar is effective and non-toxic which is much safer to use
rather than an industrial solvent. All you need to do is apply the vinegar on a clean rag and
then simply wipe down the galvanized surface. The great thing about vinegar is that it has
an acidity that will react with the metal, promoting pain adhesion.

3. Choose Your Type of Paint

We recommend priming the surface before painting. After the primer is applied, you will
need to decide on the type of paint. Many like to use acrylic latex paint, which is not
designed for galvanized steel specifically, but can still work with a primer. However, paints
 that are made for galvanized steel do require less prep work and adhere better than other
types of paint. Our one pro tip here is to stay away from alkyd-based paints or oil-based
paints as those may not work well for the project.

Best Uses for Enamel Paint

Enamel paint performs well on most surfaces! Got leftover enamel paint? These
are the best areas in the house to use it on!

1. Bathrooms
Thanks to its glossy finish, enamel paint comes with a waterproof perk. That’s why
it’s a painter’s favorite for areas where water is a permanent fixture. For the
bathroom, enamel paint may be used on tiles, the floor, counters, cabinets and
other storage units.
2. The Kitchen
Much like in bathrooms, kitchens will always have water. But on top of that,
cleanliness is a must in this part of the home. And because enamel paint can
easily be wiped clean, all dust and dirt will go!
3. Stainless Steel Appliances
Whether it’s for adding color or protecting your stainless steel appliances from
deterioration, painting enamel does the job wonderfully. Specific types of enamel
paint in glossy or opaque sheens are actually formulated to minimize rusting and
corrosion.
4. Floor
Tiles, wood panels and carpets are not your only option to beautifying your home’s
floors. Enamel paint is great for customizing a look for your floors, plus it’s easier
to clean too!
5. Door Trims and Window Edges
Using enamel paint on door trims and window edges is another good idea. A
natural glossy finish projects a sleek and complete look while delivering a long-
lasting, easy-to-clean coats.

Quick Tip: when using enamel paint, especially when working with gloss or semi-
gloss, you can expect that brush strokes will show. So take your time and make
sure all strokes are straight. Pros make a habit out of applying the paint and, while
the coat is still wet, covering the small strokes with one long straight stroke.

OTHER TYPES OF PAINTS

FLOOR EPOXY COATING

General purpose flooring topcoat for cementitious surfaces. It can be applied by
spray, roller and brush. It can be used with recommended size aggregates also for
light duty flooring applications.

LIQUID TILE PAINTS

Davies ® Liquid-Tile ® Coating System is a specialty coating system formulated

using today’s most advance solvent acrylic technology. It offers best protection for
all interior and exterior masonry and properly primed wood and metal surfaces.
Main Features:
Excellent outdoor durability
Good alkali resistance
 Suitable for highly polluted and coastal area
Excellent anti-fungus property
Fast drying
Washable

AQUA FLOOR PAINTS

DAVIES® AquaFloor™ is a 100% acrylic, hard-wearing, one-pack water-

based floor coating. It is especially designed to protect and beautify concrete
floors with its smooth satin sheen finish.

DAVIES® AquaFloor™ provides superiority in substrate, durability, dirt pick-

up resistance, water and chemical resistance, and a perfect balance of
hardness and flexibility to resist peeling and chipping.
DEFECTS IN PAINTING
WOOD FINISHING
Wood Painting
Wood primer is the undercoat of preparatory coating put on wood, specifically,
before you use paint on it. Using a wood primer increases the durability of your
paint job, ensures better adhesion of the paint to the surface, and helps protect the
wood that's being painted.
Wood Stain
BOYSEN Oil Wood Stain
Used in tandem with BOYSEN Lacquer Varnish products, BOYSEN Oil Wood
Stain adds freshness and color to wooden surfaces while providing superior
protection. Available in various shades to bring out a clear and natural tone, this
product is perfect for interior wood works and other surfaces such as cabinets,
furniture and paneling.
If you routinely apply sanding sealer before finishing, you may be taking
an extra, unnecessary step. Truth is, any film-forming finish works as a
"sealer" because it closes off the pores of the wood and lays a base for
the topcoats. So most of the time, you can seal wood using the same
finish you'll use for additional coats.
Veneer wood surfaces can be finished by applying 2 coats of sanding sealer to
preserve the surface texture and finishing.