‘She said (that) she liked shopping. He told her he was going thenext day. He ssid he would always love me. ‘She told him she had passed the exam. ‘e said ne nad forgotten ius keys. She said she couldn't come. He said he might be late. REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS ‘Statements: oraciones alirmativas y negatiras ‘Cuando pasamnos una oracién a reported speech (estilo indirecto / reportado), estamos contando lo que alguien dijo. Para eso, debemos pasar la oracién “hacia atrés” en el tiempo. Esto quiere decir, por ejemplo, que si la oracion en PRESENTE SIMPLE, cuando utilice reported speech, voy a cambiar el tiempo a PASADO SIMPLE. También debemos cambiar las frases de tiempo y lugar. Por ejemplo, sila oracidn conticne la palabra “ayer”, ‘cuando la reportamos usamos la frase “el dia anterior”. Si contiene la palabra “en este lugar, cuando la reportamos usamos “en ese lugar”, Lo que vaa caml 1, ademis del tiempo verbal y las frases de tiempo y lugar; son los pronombres del sujeto, pronombres del objeto y adjetivos posesivos. Esto quiere decir, por ejemplo, que si la oracién utiliza en pronombre “T’, cuando la reportamos vamos a usar HE 0 SHE, dependiendo de quien dijo la oracién, Lo mismo ocurre sien la oracién dice * MY", lo vamos a cambiar por HER o HIS.Veamos especilicamente cada uno de los cambios: -En primer lugar, vamos a ver los cambios de TIEMPO VERBAL: TENSE DIRECT SPEECH TENSE REPORTED SPEECH PRESENT “Twork hard” PAST SIMPLE __| He said that he worked hard. SIMPLE ‘PRESENT “Tam working hard” PAST We said that he was working hard. CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE | “Tworked hard PAST PERFECT | He said that he had worked hard yesterday.” the previous day / the day before, ‘PRESENT “Thave worked hard” | PAST PERFECT | He said that he had worked hard. PERFECT PAST “Thad worked hard.” PAST PERFECT | He said that he had worked hard. PERFECT FUTURE “Twill work hard” CONDITIONAL | He said that he would work hard. SIMPLE MODAIS| “Tecan work hard.” He said that he could work hard, “L may work hard.” He said that he might work hard. “Tmust work hard.” He said that he had to work hard. “cuando pasamos tna oracion con Will o con modales, el verbo se manlicne en mlinitive-En segundo lugar, veamos los cambios de frases de tiempo y lugar: GS eke sect today thatday | now — then | tonight SS that night | ago — before | yesterday — the dey before | fast... — the. before/the previous | last week s— the week before | next year — the following year | tomorrow > thenentdey/the foliowingday here — there | this — that | these — those | Por tiltimno, veanos los cambios de pronombres del sujeto y del objeto, y de los adjetivos posesivos Direct speech Reported speech Examples T he/she /T/ you “Tam Irom Santa Fe", he said, -He said that he was from Santa Fe. “Like strawberries”, she. She said that she liked strawberries “T didn't fi said, himy homework”, Isaid, T said that I hadn't finished my homework. “Lcan swim”, you said, ‘You said dhat you couldYou he/ she /T/ they 7 we You are late”, the teacher told him. - The teacher told hirn that he was late “You bought too many tomatoes”, her mother told hr, - Her mother told her that she had bought too many tomatoes “You can go to the party”, my dad told me, ~ My dad told me that 1 could go to the party, ou must finish your homework”, the teacher told them, - The teacher told them that they had to finish their homework. ou are lying”, she told us. = She told us that we were lying. we they / we “We are the winners”, she they said. - She /They said that they were the winners “We are late”, we said.~ We said that we were late my her / his / my / your “My sister is a doctor”, she said. ~ She said that her sister was a doctor said. - He said that his.their their four "My iiiends are athome™T said, =I said that my friends were at home, “Thompson”, you said You said that yous surname was Thompson. “Your house is enormous", Matt told her, - Matt told her that her house was “Its your bike”, [told him. = Hold him that it was his bike, “L found your keys", my sister told me. ~ My sister told me that she had found ny keys “Iced your books", the teacher told them, = ‘The teacher told them that she needed their books. “have your results”, the teacher told us, - The teacher told us that she had our results “Those are our friends”, he {they said. = He "They said that those were their friends,you (object) her her him / me / you him /me them "Those are our books”, we said, ~ We said that those were our books. “You can help me”, Susan told John, - Susan told John that he could help John told Susan. John told Susan that she had to wait for him. told Mary. ~ [told Mary that she was interrupting You must give me that book” you told me. You told me that I had to sive you that book. “Liss you", John told Susan, - John told Susan that he missed her, “Lill call you tomorrow", I told Mat. - Itold Matt that I would call him the next day. “I saw you yesterday Susan told me. = Susan told me that she had seen ze the previous day.us them / us "She told you the nud Matt told them, ~ Matt told them that she had told them the truth. “We need you”, they told They told us that they “She phoned us", he/ they said, - He / They said that she had phoned them. “He told us what happened”, we said, - We said that she had told us what had happened. ch: 1. “He works ina bank”, he said 2. “We went out last night", they told me 3. “I'm waiting!", my sister said 4. They left ten minutes ago”, I said 5.* P've never been here before”, I said “I didn't go to the party", Tom said. “Laicy'll come later”, Julie said 8, “He hasn't eaten breakfast”, his mother told the teacher. 9. Lean help you tomorrow”, Tom told Emma 10. “You must go to bed carly", my mother told me, LL. “I don’tlike chocolate”, Lucy said 12. “Lwvon't see you tomorrow”, the teacher told the children ‘She's living in Paris for a few months”, her brother said14, “I visited my parents at the weekend”, Tom said 15. *She hasn't eaten sushi before”, her friend said 16. “I haven't travelled by underground yel.”, [told Lucas 17. “They will help if they can” I said 18. “Tl do the washing-up later”, my teacher told my mother 19, “Te can read.", the teacher said 20, “He is sleeping in his bedroom.”, his mother said. “QUESTIONS: En reported speech, cambiamos la estructura de pregunta a una estructura de oracién, por lo tanto, el sujeto se ubica antes del verbo, y si hay un auniliar se elimina, Los cambios de tiempos verbales, y los de adverbios de tiempo y lugar son los mismos que en las oraciones afirmativas y negativas. (ejemplo: pasaclo simple pasado perfecto / today —» that day / here —> there) Direct speech: 'Do you like working in sales” he asked. Reported speech: He asked me if liked working in sales. Yes/no questions En yes/no questions, usamos if / whether. If es mas comin. "Are you going to the Helsinki conference”, he asked me. He asked me if I was goi "Have you finisl She asked us whether we had finished the project yer od the project yet she asked us. Wh. questions En las wh- questions, usamos la palabra interrogativa de la pregunta, "What time does the train leave?’ he asked me. He asked me what time the train left "Where did he go? she asked. She asked where he had gone. *COMMANDS En el caso de los commands, Io tinico «je se lebe cambiar son los adverbios de tiempo y lugar, ya que el verbo mantiene la forma de infinitive. affirmative commands = to + infinitive Direct Speech —+ Dad: “Do your homework.” Reported Speech —» Dad told me to do my homework,negative commands = not + to + infinitive Direct Speech —» Teacher: “Don’t talk to your friend.” Reported Speech + The teacher told me not to talk to my friend. Ademas de (ol, podemos usar otros reporting verbs, eomo varn(ed) yordes(ed), dependiendo de la intencién del hablante. Direct §} Reported Speech —+ The teacher ordered us to be quiet: +h — Teacher: “Be quiet!” cr: “Don't touch the animals” warned us not to touch the animals PRACTICE 1-Turn the following questions into REPORTED SPEECH 1, “Do you speak English?”, he asked n “Are you British or American?” , he asked me 3. “How old is your mother”, he asked her “Is it raining?” , he asked “Whar is your namel”, he asked me 4 5. 6. “Have you got a computer?” , he asked them 7, “Can you type?” she asked him 8, "Where do you live?” , the policeman asked the boy. 9. "Did you come by train!” , he asked us 10. “What time does the train arrive”, she asked 11, “Have you been to Bristol before?”, I asked Tom 12. “When can we have dinner)”, they asked me 13, “Why are you so late!” , Peter asked John 2-Turn the following commands into REPORTED SPEECH, 1Turn the TV off immediately", my mother told me 2"Don't touch that book”, Pam told him 3“Put the book on my table", the teacher told the children 4“Don't write on your desks”, the teacher told the students 5.*Go to your bedroom immediately", she told her son, 6"Don't leave the door open”, Carol rold him