MV switchgear for mining power

system applications- IEC vs ANSI

Mining Power Systems Competency Center

White Paper No 03
by Juan Tobias

Executive summary
MV switchgear is a key component of mining
power systems as any failure results in loss of
production. This paper describes the IEC and
ANSI/NEMA standards, MV switchgear types
and technologies used in typical designs for
each of the standards. It analyses advantages
and disadvantages of each MV switchgear
type for the main applications found in mining
power systems. It provides practical advice
and recommendations to EPCs and mining
end users involved in power system design
 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 2

Introduction Mining sites have installed power ranging from 20 MVA to 150 MVA used to feed MV and LV
electric motors that drive the machines required for the process. The main power source is
the utility High Voltage (HV) transmission network. Power transformers are used to stepped
down to Medium Voltage (MV) levels ranging from 11 KV to 38 KV. The optimal choice of MV
voltage level depends on the installed power and distances to load centers. WP 02 shows
how to optimize HV/MV transformer specification and MV network voltage.

Mining power systems are very demanding installations for electrical equipment due to the
environmental constraints (dust, pollution) and their locations (high altitude mountains and
underground pits). There are also electrical and mechanical constraints (large number of op-
erations, high harmonic currents, high motor staring currents, etc.). WP 01 illustrates the
types of MV network architectures that can be used in mining power systems according to
the power requirements and physical location of motor loads. Figure 1 illustrates a typical
mining power system MV network with three main MV switchgear applications:

1. MV main switchboard (also known as “primary switchboard”) that uses circuit breakers
to connect the utility HV/MV transformers and local MV generators to the cable feeders.
MV motors > 5 MW for grinding mills are also connected to the MV main switchboard
using circuit breakers. Smaller motors are often connected using MV fused contactors.
2. MV secondary switchboards that use switches and circuit breakers to control and pro-
tect MV/MV and MV/LV transformers that feed Motor Control Centers.
3. MV motor control centers (MCC) provide connection to the MV/MV transformers via cir-
cuit breakers and feed the MV motors via fused contactors, soft starters and variable
speed drives (VSD) at a voltage ranging from 3.3 KV to 6.6 KV.
MV switchgear represents < 30% of the mining power system capital expenditure (CAPEX)
but it plays a key role as any failure leads to loss of production. The objective of this white
paper is to help mining end users and EPCs understand MV switchgear technologies and
guide them in the optimized choices for each application, taking in account the international
standards (IEC or ANSI) chosen for the project and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). WP 04 ex-
plains how to optimize cost of pre-fabricated switch-rooms (E-Houses) by correct MV switch-
gear selection.

Utility Network (66 KV – 138 KV)

KWh KWh
5 MW 5 MW
G G
40 MVA 40 MVA 1
Figure 1 13.8 kV, 2500 A, 25 KA

Typical optimized mining power Main switchboard

system showing the three key MV
applications: Secondary switchboards
VSD
1. Main switchboard
2. Secondary switchboards 2
M 2 2
3. Motor Control center
10 MW
10 MVA

MV MCC 2 MVA 2 MVA

3 kV - 7 kV
LV MCC LV MCC
3 690V- 400V 690V- 400V

RVSS VSD VSD VSD

M M M M M M M M M M M M

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 3

The global market for electrical equipment is ruled by international standards. IEC standards
MV switchgear apply in all countries except USA and Canada where ANSI/NEMA/IEEE/UL standards are
standards used. MV switchgear main applicable international standard are listed in Table 1.

MV Switchgear type US, Canada (all installations) Rest of the

Table 1
Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico (mining) World
MV switchgear international
standards are IEC and North AIS Metal clad ANSI C37.20.2
American standards AIS Metal enclosed ANSI C.37.20.3
(ANSI/NEMA/IEEE/UL)
AIS MV MCC NEMA ICS 3 / UL 347 IEC 62271-200
GIS Metal enclosed IEEE C37.20.9
Arc resistant panels IEEE C37.20.7
The differences between them are significant leading global manufacturers to have different
“The mining industry in Chile, products to be able comply with each standard. Historically, Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Mexico
Peru, Ecuador and Mexico uses use ANSI/NEMA standards in their mining installations. This requires mining end users and
ANSI/NEMA standards even if EPCs to understand how to specify and select MV switchgear for both standards.
the official country standard is
IEC due to historical reasons MV Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) have insulators exposed to atmospheric air conditions
and long established habits” (e.g. dust, condensation, high altitude). Alternatively, these live parts can be protected by an
earthed shield, in the form of metallic tank filled with SF6 gas, known as Gas Insulated
Switchgear (GIS) or cast in solid insulation with a conductive surface, known as Shielded
Solid Insulated Switchgear (SSIS). MV shielded switchgear are more suitable to the mining
environment as it is not affected by atmospheric air condition. GIS and SSIS panels can be
used in high altitude mines without any voltage derating as shown in WP 06. They are also
the optimal choice for underground pits where ambient air has high humidity and dust.

IEC 62271 standard

IEC 62271 is applicable to MV switchgear components and factory-built enclosures with
rated voltages between 1 kV and 52 kV (1). It gives nominal ratings valid for “normal service
conditions”, which are defined as:
• Minimum Temperature = - 5 °C
• Maximum Temperature= 40 °C
• Maximum altitude= < 1,000 m
• Maximum humidity (24 h) = 95 % with water vapour pressure of 2.2 kPa
• Maximum humidity (1 month) = 90% with water vapour pressure of 1.8 kPa
Table 2 shows IEC 62271 rated voltages (Un), AC power frequency (50/ 60 Hz) withstand
voltage (PFWV) and the Lighting Impulse Withstand Voltage (LIWV).

Un PFWV LIWV
Table 2 (KV rms) (KV rms) (KV peak)
IEC 62271 rated voltage levels 3.6 10 40
and associated AC rms power
frequency (1 min) withstand 7.2 20 60
voltage and lighting impulse
12 28 75
(1.2/50 µs) peak withstand
voltage 17.5 38 95
24 50 125
36 70 170
IEC 62271 standard defines normal rated current (In) 200 A, 630A, 1250 A, 1600 A, 2000 A,
2500A, 3150A and 4000 A based on maximum conductor temperatures (θ max) and

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 4

temperature rise (Δθ) for an ambient temperature Tamb = 40°C. Rated short circuit currents
are 16 kA, 20 kA, 25 kA, 31.5 kA, 40 kA, 50 kA and 63 kA.

IEC 62271-200 defines the types of segregations between cubicle compartments, partition
types and operator access modes. It defines the Loss of Service Continuity (LSC) index that
reflects the level of operator safety and power supply availability to be expected during reg-
ular equipment maintenance operations. The standard allows the use of metallic barriers
(PM) or insulating barriers (PI) to separate compartments. The latter are not safe to touch
when the switchboard is energized as there is an electric field gradient on its surface.

Compartment access Continuity of supply during maintenance

LSC 1 The whole switchboard must be de-energized
LSC2 LSC2A Busbar compartment can remain energized
LSC 2B Busbar and cable compartment can remain energized

IEC 62271-200 standard is based on equipment performance only. Designers have freedom
to choose materials, cubicle architectures and insulation technology (AIS, GIS or SSIS). Figure
2 illustrates typical IEC 62271-200 LSC types of MV switchgear panels. AIS can have fixed of
withdrawable circuit breakers, while GIS or SSIS have fixed circuit breakers with a series dis-
connector. All IEC MV switchgear includes integral cable earthing with fault making capacity
interlocked with the main switching device to ensure operator safety when accessing cable
compartments. All IEC MV switchgear panels are provided with Internal Arc Classification
(IAC) that indicates the level of operator protection in case of an internal arc. This is defined
by the following letter code A= Authorized Persons, F= Front, L= Lateral, R= Rear. Maximum
operator safety level is provided by AFLR class.

Figure 2
IEC 62271 MV panels with
different LSC types and ar-
chitectures that include in-
terlocked cable earthing
function for operator safety

North American Standards

“IEC standards are based on
North American standards are issued by several bodies (IEEE, NEMA, UL) and consolidated
performance to be proven by
by the American National Standard Institute (ANSI). MV switchgear standards cover 1 kV to
test, which gives opportunity
38 kV rated voltages for three AIS switchgear types
for innovation. ANSI/NEMA
standards are based on fixed
• ANSI C37.20.2- metal clad switchgear (2)
design rules and approved ma-
terials.” • ANSI C37.20. metal enclosed switchgear (3)
• NEMA ICS 3/UL 347 metal enclosed fused contactors used in MV MCCs (4) (5)
• IEEE C37.20.9 standard for MV GIS, released in 2019 not widely used yet (6)

Table 3 shows rated voltages (Un), AC power frequency (60 Hz) voltage withstand (PFWV)
and Basic Insulation Level (BIL) for “normal service conditions”:
o Minimum Temperature = - 30 °C

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 5

o Maximum Temperature= 40 °C
o Maximum altitude= < 3,000 feet (1,000 m)
o Maximum humidity = not specified
The MV equipment nominal currents defined by ANSI standards are:
o AIS Metal-clad: 1200A, 2000A, 3000 A and 4000 A
o AIS Metal-enclosed: 200 A, 400 A, 600A and 1200A
It also defines rated short circuit currents of 25 kA, 40 kA, 50 kA and 63 kA for metal-clad
while metal enclosed is limited to 16 kA, 20 kA and 25 kA.

Un PFWV BIL
Table 3
(KV rms) (KV rms) (KV peak)
ANSI rated voltage levels and
associated AC rms power fre- 2.4 15 45
quency (1 min) withstand volt-
4.16 19 60
age and lighting impulse
(1.2/50 µs ) peak withstand 15 36 95
voltage referred as Basic Insula-
27 60 125
tion Level (BIL)
38 80 150

North American standards define segregation between compartments, partition types and
operator access modes. AIS metal clad panels requires metallic partitions between busbar,
circuit breaker and cable compartment, while metal enclosed AIS panels do not require any
segregation, as illustrated in Figure 3.

Busbar
Figure 3
ANSI standards define two Circuit
types of MV switchgear Breaker
• Metal enclosed
• Metal -clad Cable

Metal-enclosed Metal-clad
Operator safety philosophy adopted by North American standards is based on “visible gap”
concept, where the operator must be able to see the disconnector open to ensure that the
panel is de-energized. Integral cable earthing is not mandatory. The function is done by a
portable grounding device that has to carried by the operator. Internal arc containment is a
special version known as Arc Resistant (AR), that is defined in IEEE C37.20.7 (7).

ANSI/NEMA standards define many of the cubicle design parameters such as dimensions,
metal thickness, position of busbars, cable connections, instrument transformers, etc. The
materials used must be approved by Underwriters Laboratory (UL). These constraints set by
ANSI/NEMA/UL standards gives MV switchgear designers little scope for innovation.

Comparison of IEC and ANSI/NEMA Air Insulated Switchgear

Global EPCs working in mining projects in Mexico, Chile and Peru need to be familiar with
both standards as these three countries use ANSI/NEMA MV Switchgear even if IEC is the of-
ficial country standard. Global manufacturers like Schneider Electric design and build both

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 6

types of panels covering all the ratings. Based on this knowledge it is possible to summarize
the key differences that are listed below:

• ANSI/NEMA AIS panels are bigger, heavier and more expensive than IEC ones for similar
ratings. WP 04 explains the impact of MV switchgear footprint and weight in the E-house
building cost and its transportation to the mine site.
• ANSI/NEMA panels ensure operator safety by providing a “visible gap” when the discon-
nector is in open position. IEC operator safety is based on indication of voltage presence,
indirect indication of disconnector position and interlocked cable earthing switch to al-
low operator access to the cable compartments.
• IEC panels have internal arc classification (IAC) as standard while ANSI ones have rein-
forced Arc Resistant (AR) special version that is more expensive

AIS dielectric performance is determined by electric field stress (dependent on conductor

Air insulated and insulator geometries), the condition of solid insulator surfaces (dependent on presence
switchgear of dust, pollution and condensation) and on atmospheric air dielectric withstand (dependent
on air density which reduces with altitude). Figure 4 shows the two independent mecha-
characteristics nisms cause air insulation breakdown.
• Flashover across the minimum clearance (airgap between conductors), is determined by
the LIWV or BIL and not the power frequency test voltage
• Tracking along the insulator creepage distance depends on PFWV (50/60 Hz)

Figure 4 electric
field in
Air insulation dielectric with-
stand is affected by: ambient air
• Air density that reduces
with altitude (flashover solid
across clearances)
insulation
• dust and condensation on surface
insulator surfaces (track-
ing discharge)
• electric field distribution in
ambient air determined by
the geometrical shapes of
insulators and conductors
(e.g. sharp edges)

Clearance Creepage
distance

LIWV (BIL) across minimum clearance is proportional to atmospheric air density which drops
with altitude at a rate of 10%/1,000 m, for which all MV AIS panels have a lower LIWV (BIL)
rating above 1,000 m as explained in WP 06.
The risk of surface discharges (tracking) in MV AIS insulators (e.g. busbar supports) increases
with the presence of dust and condensation as found in underground mines.

MV switchgear designs with shielded insulation have live conductors “shielded “from ambi-
MV shielded ent air by an earthed screen. Effective earth shields must be continuous and include MV ca-
insulation ble connectors and voltage transformers (see Figure 5).
characteristics MV shielded insulation designs can be achieved two different technologies and often a com-
bination of both in the same equipment:

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 7

• Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS): live parts are placed in a sealed tank filled with high die-
lectric strength gas (e.g. SF6) and connected to earth.
• Shielded Solid Insulation Switchgear (SSIS): live parts are cast in solid insulation (e.g.
epoxy resin) with metallic paint surface connected to earth

GIS and SSIS panels have several advantages compared to AIS designs, including:
• Dielectric performance unaffected by atmospheric air condition (e.g. altitude)
• High operator safety as live parts are not accessible
• Significantly reduced footprint as conductors can be placed closer together
• No need for routine maintenance (e.g. insulator cleaning) giving reduced OPEX

Figure 3 Earth
MV switchgear with shielded screen
insulation has all live conduc-
tors protected by insulation
with a continuous earthed
screen, including cable con-
nectors and voltage trans- No electric
formers field in
ambient air

MV GIS and SSIS designs use fixed circuit breakers with integral isolation and cable earthing.
This is compatible with IEC 62271 standard, which allows many panel architectures provided
that electrical and safety performance tests are met.

Up until 2019 ANSI did not have a standard dedicated to GIS. Global manufactures like
Schneider Electric have adapted their IEC GIS and SSIS fixed circuit breaker designs to meet
ANSI C37.20.3 standard. The adaptations include adding viewing windows or cameras to en-
able operators to visualize disconnector contact position and changing labels in line with US
practices.

The SF6 gas issue

Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) is a synthetic gas used by the electrical industry since the 1960’s,
initially in HV GIS (> 132 KV) and then in MV switchgear during the 80’s. SF6 gas unique
properties such as high dielectric strength (3 times that of air), high thermal conductivity
and current interruption ability make it a “perfect” gas for electrical use. Unfortunately, SF6
is one the most powerful greenhouse gases (8).

Although it is still legal to use SF6 in HV and MV switchgear, industry leaders investigating
alternative gases (9) with less Global Warming Potential (GWP). Schneider Electric Premset
Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear provides an SF6 free alternative up to 17.5 KV, 1250 A,
25 kA (10). Until a widely accepted “SF6 free” insulation system is found, end users should
work closely with GIS suppliers to ensure that the SF6 gas is recovered at the end of life to
avoid its release into the atmosphere.

MV Switchgear The mining power systems applications shown in Figure 1 can be implemented with AIS, GIS
or SSIS technologies depending on required electrical ratings (Un, In and Isc) and the stand-
by applications ards selected by the designer. The typical product options shown for each application are
based on Schneider Electric current MV switchgear offers. However, similar equipment can

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 8

be found in other MV switchgear manufacturers catalogues as they all must comply with the
relevant IEC or ANSI standards.

MV Main Switchboard Application

These are “all circuit breakers” MV switchboards, with ratings that depend on HV/MV trans-
former rated power, MV network rated voltage (Un) and the busbar normal current (In).
Short circuit current rating (Isc) depends on the HV/MV transformer short circuit impedance
(Zt) and the selected operating mode when two HV/MV transformers are used.

The most common MV main switchboard architecture has two incomers and a bus section
circuit breaker, known in N. America as “Main-Tie-Main”. Optimized designs avoid MV net-
work architectures with HV/MV transformers operating in parallel by keeping bus section cir-
cuit breakers open, which is feasible when voltage drop caused by large MV motor starting is
within acceptable limits. More details on these topics can be found in WP 01 and WP 02.

MV main switchboards typical ratings are shown in Table 3.

In (A) Isc (KA)

Un
Table 3 Feeder Incomer & Bus Section Position
(KV)
Typical electrical ratings for MV Bus Section Open Closed
Main Switchboards depend on
HV/MV transformer parame- HV/MV 20 – 50 MVA 11-15 1200 - 3150 20 – 31.5 31.5 - 50
630
ters and MV network configura- transformer 40– 80 MVA 20-27 1200 - 2000
20 - 25 31.5 - 40
tions rated power 1200
60- 100 MVA 33-38 1200 - 2000

IEC 62271- AIS Panels for Main Switchboards

Figure 4 illustrates Schneider Electric MCset, a typical IEC 62271 AIS LSC2B-PM panel with
draw-out vacuum circuit breaker cassette and integral interlocked earthing switch. MCset
maximum electrical ratings are:

In max Isc max

12 KV
4000 A 50 KA
Un 17.5 KV
24 KV 2500 A 31.5 KA

Figure 4
Schneider Electric MCset MV
AIS with withdrawable vacuum
circuit breakers compliant with
IEC 62271 class LSC2-PM
Maximum ratings are :
• 17.5 kV, 4000 A, 50 kA
• 24 kV, 2500 A, 31.5 kA

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 9

Figure 5 illustrates Schneider Electric F-400, a typical IEC 62271 AIS LSC2B-PM 36 kV panel
with draw-out SF6 circuit breaker in a rolling truck and integral interlocked earthing switch.
F400 maximum electrical ratings are:

Un In max Isc max

36KV 2500 A 40 kA

Figure 5
Schneider Electric F400 36 kV
AIS with draw-out SF6 circuit
breaker compliant with IEC
62271 class LSC2-PM
Maximum ratings are :
• 36 kV, 2500 A, 40 kA

IEC 62271- GIS/SSIS Panels for Main Switchboards

Figure 6 illustrates Schneider Electric GHA, a typical IEC 62271 GIS LSC2B-PM 36 kV panel
with fixed vacuum circuit breaker and three position serial disconnector. Busbars are inside
the SF6 filled metal tank, but their connection does not require gas work on site. GHA is
available in single and double busbar configuration with these maximum electrical ratings:

Un In max Isc max

Double Busbar
36 KV 2500 A 40 KA
Single Busbar

Figure 6
Schneider Electric GHA 36 kV
GIS with fixed vacuum circuit
breaker and serial 3 position
disconnector compliant with
IEC 62271 LSC2-PM SF6
Maximum ratings are:
• 36 kV, 4000 A, 40 kA

Figure 7 illustrates Schneider Electric CBGS-0, an IEC 62271 LSC2B-PM 36 kV GIS panel with
fixed SF6 circuit breaker and three position serial disconnector. This design uses shielded
solid insulated busbars (EPDM rubber with a conductive earthed surface). As the busbars are
outside the SF6 filled metallic tank their connection on site is quick and simple. CBGS-0 maxi-
mum electrical ratings are:

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 10

Un In max Isc max

36 KV 1600 A 31.5 KA

Figure 7
Schneider Electric CBGS-0 36 kV
GIS with fixed SF6 circuit
breaker and serial 3 position
disconnector compliant with
IEC 62271 LSC2-PM
Maximum ratings are :
• 36 kV, 1600 A, 31.5 kA
SF6

Figure 8 illustrates Schneider Electric Premset , an IEC 62271 LSC2B-PM 17.5 kV SSIS panel
with fixed vacuum circuit breaker disconnector and two position earthing switch. Busbars
use EPDM rubber with a conductive surface. Vacuum bottles are cast in epoxy resin with
conductive paint. The earthing switch is housed in an epoxy resin tank coated with metallic
paint, which provides “controlled air” insulation.

Premset is an “SF6 free” shielded vacuum circuit breaker panel with small footprint and op-
erator safety. Premset can be used in main MV switchboards if the HV/MV transformer
rated power is < 20 MVA and network voltage is 17.5 kV. This is illustrated in Recommended
Power System Design for High Altitude Lithium Mine. Premset is available in IEC or ANSI ver-
sions with the following maximum ratings:

Un In max Isc max

17.5 KV 1250 A 25 KA

Figure 8
Schneider Electric Premset
17.5 kV SSIS with fixed vac-
uum circuit breaker discon-
nector and 2 position earthing
switch compliant with IEC
62271 LSC2-PM
Maximum ratings are :
• 17.5 kV, 1250 A, 25 kA

IED

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 11

ANSI metal clad- AIS panel for MV Main Switchboards

Figure 9 illustrates Schneider Electric Masterclad range, a typical ANSI C37.20.2 metal clad
AIS panel with withdrawable vacuum circuit breaker on a rolling truck. Cable earthing is
done using an external earthing truck. The same architecture is used for 15 kV and 27 kV.
Cabling is from the rear and feeder circuit breakers be double stacked. Masterclad AR is the
arc resistant version which has reinforced structure to contain the arc. Masterclad electrical
ratings are:
Un In max Isc max
Masterclad 15 KV 4000 A 63 KA
Standard 27 KV 2000 A 40 KA
Masterclad AR 15 kV 3000 A 50 kA
Arc Resistant 27 kV Not available

Figure 9
Schneider Electric Masterclad
ANSI metal clad MV AIS with
draw-out vacuum circuit
breaker compliant with ANSI
C37.20.2 standard
Maximum ratings are :
• 15 kV, 4000 A, 63 kA
• 27 kV, 2000A, 40 kA

ANSI Metal Enclosed GIS/SSIS Panels for Main Switchboards

Most global MV switchgear manufacturers have adapted their IEC MV GIS panels to comply
US and Canadian standards and obtained UL certification to be able to offer these product
ranges to North American customers. Schneider Electric certified GHA (Figure 6), CBGS-0
(Figure 7) and Premset (Figure 8) to various ANSI, IEEE, NEMA and CSA standards. Hence
these GIS/SSIS panels can be used in USA and Canada as well as mining installations in Chile,
Peru, Ecuador and Mexico when ANSI/NEMA standards are requested.

MV Secondary Switchboards Applications

MV secondary switchboards have mixture of switches and circuit breakers used to control
and protect MV/LV transformers feeding LV MCCs, as explained in WP 01. Ring Main Unit
(RMU) are a specific type of secondary switchboards with 3 or 4 switching devices used to
connect transformers to the MV ring. MV secondary panels are mainly used in MV public dis-
tribution utility network. They are very cost effective but their electrical ratings are limited
to In < 630 A and Isc < 25 kA. Typical MV secondary switchgear ratings are

Un (kV) In (A) Isc (kA)

11-15 200 - 1250
20-27 20- 25
33-38 200- 630

Traditional mining power system designs use radial MV networks with Isc > 25 kA with MV
circuit breaker panels (LSC2B-PM or metal clad type). Using “dual radial” or “open ring” MV
networks architectures with Isc < 25 kA it is possible to achieve significant cost savings

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 12

introducing MV secondary switchboards. This is illustrated in Recommended Power System

Design for Mid-size Iron Ore Mines.

IEC 62271- AIS Panels for Secondary Switchboards

Figure 10 shows Schneider Electric SM6, a typical IEC AIS LSC2A-PI panel with switches, fused
switches and fixed SF6 circuit breakers. The same architecture is used for 17.5 kV, 24 kV and
36kV. SM6 fixed circuit breaker panels can be used as lower cost alternative to LSC2B-PM
draw-out circuit breaker panels in main MV switchboards if nominal ratings allow it. SM6
maximum electrical ratings are:

Un In max Isc max

17.5 25 kA
24 KV 1250 A
20KA
36 KV

Figure 10
Schneider Electric SM6 AIS
range of switches, fused
switches and circuit breakers
compliant with IEC 62271
(LSC2A -PI) with ratings
• 17.5 kV, 1250 A, 25 kA
• 24 kV, 1250 A, 20 kA
• 36 kV, 1250 A, 20 kA

IEC 62271- GIS Panels for Secondary Switchboards

Figure 11 illustrates Schneider Electric DVCAS, a typical IEC LSC2A-PM 36kV range of GIS
panels. They include 3 position 630 A, 25 kA switches (On-Off-Earth) and fixed vacuum cir-
cuit breaker that be configured as a multi-panel switchboard. Switching devices and busbars
are in a stainless-steel tank filled with SF6 gas. DVCAS maximum electrical ratings are:

DVCAS panels typical configurations Un In max Isc max

Single circuit breaker (cable in and out)
36 KV 630 A 25 KA
Two switches & circuit breaker (RMU)

Figure 11
Schneider Electric DVCAS 36 kV
GIS range of switches and cir-
cuit breakers compliant with
IEC 62271 (LSC2A – PM type) SF6
SF6
with maximum ratings
• 36 kV, 630 A, 25 kA
IED

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 13

Figure 12 illustrates Schneider Electric RM6 a typical IEC LSC2A-PM GIS range of 3 position
630A switches (On-Off-Earth), fused switches and fixed SF6 circuit breaker disconnectors.
RM6 can be configured as single panels with extensible shielded busbars or as multi-function
unit with up to five devices in an earthed stainless-steel tank filled with SF6 gas. A typical
configuration has two 630 A switches and a 200A circuit breaker (11) known as Ring Main
Unit (RMU). The circuit breaker short circuit interrupting capacity varies according to the
rated voltage (25 KA @12 KV or 20 KA @ 24 KV). RM6 maximum electrical ratings are:

RM6 panels typical configurations Un In max Isc max

Circuit breaker (cable in and out) 12 kV 25 KA
630 A
Two switches & circuit breaker (RMU) 24 kV 20 kA

Figure 12
Schneider Electric RM6 MV
GIS range of switches , fused-
switches and circuit breakers
compliant with IEC 62271
(LSC2A – PM type) with maxi-
SF6
mum ratings
• 12 kV, 630 A, 25 kA
IED
• 24 kV, 630 A, 20 kA

ANSI- Metal Enclosed Panels for Secondary Switchboards

Figure 13 shows Schneider Electric HVL and HVLcc ( an adapted version of SM6) that are typ-
ical ANSI AIS metal enclosed range with switches and fused switches. HVL and HVLcc maxi-
mum electrical ratings are

Un In max Isc max

HVL 15 kV 1200 A
38 kV 600 A
25KA
HVLcc 15 kV 1200 A
38 kV 400 A

Figure 13
Schneider Electric HVL and HVLcc
AIS metal enclosed range of
switches , fused-switches compli-
ant with ANSI C37.20.3 with
maximum ratings
• 15 kV, 1200 A, 25 kA
• 38 kV, 600 A, 25 kA

HVL HVLcc
Schneider Electric also offers shielded MV metal enclosed switchgear certified under ANSI
C37.20.3 that can be used in MV secondary switchboards. This include ANSI/UL certified
versions of Premset SSIS panel (see Figure 8) and DVCAS GIS panels (see Figure 11).

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 14

North American common design practice for mining power system use Main -Tie-Main MV
network architectures with the tie circuit breaker closed. This results in short circuit current
levels > 40 kA, which restricts the useof MV metal enclosed switchgear as their short circuit
current rating is < 25 kA.

MV Motor Control Center Applications

MV MCCs are AIS switchboards that feed MV motor loads, using:
• MV AIS circuit breakers panels for incomers and bus section
• MV AIS fused contactor panels as motor feeders, that can be either Direct on Line (DOL),
Autotransformer (RVAT), Soft starter (RVSS) or Variable Speed Drives (VSD)
MCCs are usually fed by dual MV/MV transformers, often connected in parallel to minimize
voltage drop during MV motor DOL start. MV MCCs switchboard ratings depend on MV/MV
transformer rated power and short circuit impedance. Nominal voltage and minimum size of
motor connected depend on country habits. US, Canada Mexico, Brazil, Peru and Chile use
4.16 kV to feed motors > 300 kW while the rest of world uses mainly 6.6 kV to feed motors >
1 MW. Typical ratings for IEC and ANSI/NEMA MV MCCs are
Un In (A) Isc
(KV) Feeder Incomer & B/S (KA)
MCC transformer
5 to 15 MVA 4.16 or 6.6 200-400 1200 - 2000 25 –40
rated power

Figure 14 illustrates a typical IEC 6.6 kV MCC switchboard with draw-out LSC2B-PM circuit
breakers as incomers and bus section and fixed or draw -out LSC2A fused contactors as mo-
tor feeders, all connected to the same busbar.

Figure 15 shows a typical ANSI/NEMA/UL 4.16 kV MCC architecture with one ANSI C.32.20.2
metal clad circuit breaker switchboard feeding several NEMA ICS3/UL 347 metal enclosed
switchboards with fused contactor panels via MV cables.

11 kV/ 6.6 KV 11 kV/ 6.6 KV

< 10 MVA < 10 MVA

Figure 14
Typical IEC 6.6 kV MCC mixed 7.2 kV, 1250 A, 25 KA
switchboard using Schneider Electric
MV AIS panels:
• MCset incomers & bus section
• Motorpact for motor feeders

M RVAT M M RVSS M VSD M

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 15

27 KV/4.15 KV 27 KV/4.15 KV
15 MVA 15 MVA

IED IED
MV Switchgear
ANSI 37.20.2
4.16 kV, 2 5 00 A, 40 KA

Figure 15
Typical ANSI/NEMA 4.16 kV MCC
using Schneider Electric MV AIS IE D IE D IE D IE D
panels:
• Masterclad incomers, bus
section and cable feeders 4.16 kV, 1200 A, 40 KA

• Motorpact motor feeders

MV VFD
UL 347A

IED IED IED IED IED IED

MV MCC
NEMA ICS3 M M M M M M

IEC 62271- AIS Panels for Motor Control Centers

Figure 16 shows Schneider Electric Motorpact a typical IEC LSC2A-PI 7.2 KV AIS draw-out
fused contactor DOL motor feeder panel. Motorpact range includes a Reduced Voltage Soft
Starter (RVSS) panel that uses MV thyristors to control the voltage applied to the motor dur-
ing the start (see Figure 17). A transition panel is used to connect Motorpact and MCset
onto a common busbar. Motorpact ratings for DOL and RVSS panel are:
Un In max Isc max
DOL 3150 A (busbars)
7.2 KV 50 KA
RVSS 400 A (feeders)

Figure 16
Schneider Electric Motorpact 7.2 kV
AIS draw-out fused contactor motor
feeder panel used DOL starter for
motors up to 4 MW, compliant with
IEC 62271 standard LSC2A-PI type;
Busbar transition panel allows con-
nection with MCset AIS range of
draw out circuit breaker panels

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 16

Figure 17
Schneider Electric Motorpact 7.2 kV
AIS draw-out fused contactor panel
and thyristor panel with by-pass
contactor to provide a Reduced
Voltage Soft Starter motor feeder

• Motorpact for motor feeders

Motorpact also has version compliant with NEMA ICS 3 and UL 347 standard. This panel is
sold in USA and Canada, as well as mining segment in countries that specify North American
standards such as Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Mexico.

Figure 18
Schneider Electric Motorpact 7.2 kV
AIS draw-out fused contactor motor
feeder panel used DOL starter for
motors up to 4 MW, compliant with
INEMA ICS3 standard; Busbar tran-
sition panel allows connection with
Masterclad ANSI metal clad range
of draw out circuit breaker panels

Conclusion MV switchgear represents < 30% of mining power system CAPEX but their choice is critical as
any failure results in lost production. The mining environment is one of the toughest for AIS
as it combines high levels if dust as well as high altitude and underground pit inst allations.

Optimization of MV installations starts with the correct choices of network voltages, MV

switchgear nominal current and short circuit current level. Designs should avoid exceeding
2500 A nominal current in main MV switchboard and 25 kA fault current by correct selection
of HV/MV transformer short circuit impedance. This will allow to use cost effective GIS and
SSIS panels that are better adapted to the mining environment, have lower footprint, weight
and cost and provide greater operator safety than traditional AIS panels.

The choice of standard, either IEC or ANSI, also has an impact on total MV installation cost,
including the E-House. ANSI AIS panels are bulkier and more expensive than IEC AIS panels
for equivalent electrical ratings. The difference is less marked in MV MCC applications.

Schneider Electric has one of the most complete MV switchgear offers in the market for IEC
and ANSI/NEMA standards, as well as the expertise to help end users and EPCs optimize
their mining power system during the project design stage.

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 17

(1) IEC 62271-200-(2011)- Standard for AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for
References rated voltages above 1 kV and up to 52 kV
(2) ANSI/IEEE C37.20.2-2015 – Standard for Metal-Clad Switchgear
(3) ANSI/IEEE C37.20.3-2013 -Standard for Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear (1-38 kV)
(4) IEEE C37.20.9 (2019)- IEEE Standard for Metal-Enclosed switchgear rated 1 kV to 52 kV
Incorporating Gas Insulating Systems.
(5) IEEE C37.20.7 (2017)- IEEE Guide for Testing Switchgear Rated up to 52 kV for Internal
Arc Faults
(6) NEMA ICS3- 2005- Industrial Control and Systems: Medium Voltage Controllers Rated
2001 to 7200 Volts AC
(7) UL 347 (2016)- Standard for Safety- MV AC Contactors, Controllers and Motor Control
Centers.
(8) Preve, C. “Innovative SF6 free shunt vacuum interruption technology switch “ Matpost
International Conference, Lyon 2019
(9) Preve, C,” Comparison of alternatives to SF6 regarding EHS criteria” Matpost Interna-
tional Conference, Lyon 2019
(10) Tobias, J. “Innovative MV switchgear designs for network applications”, CICED Interna-
tional Conference, Shanghai, 2012
(11) Tobias, J. “Circuit breaker RMU improves MV/LV transformer protection” CIRED 2009,
Prague, 2009

About the authors

Juan Tobias is a Technical Expert at Schneider Electric Mining Power System Competency Center based in
Grenoble (France). He holds a BSc in Electrical Engineering from Universidad del Sur (Argentina) and a PhD
in Electrical Engineering from University of Strathclyde (UK). He has published over 40 articles in interna-
tional engineering journals and conferences related to MV switchgear, electrical network protection and
control and power system design optimization.

Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Jean-Marc Lupin, Delcho Penkov, Eric Delaunay and Tifenn Perron for reviewing the origi-
nal content of this white paper and providing valuable feedback.

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 18

Glossary AIS Air Insulated Switchgear

ANSI American National Standards Association
AR Arc Resistance (ANSI term equivalent to internal arc containment)
CAPEX Capital Expenditure (also called “first cost”)
CSA Canadian Standards Association
E-House Electrical House (factory built switch-room delivered directly to site)
EPC Engineering Procurement Contractor
GIS Gas insulated Switchgear
GWP Global Warming Potential of a gas compared to CO2
HV High Voltage (Un > 52 kV)
IAC Internal Arc Classification (according to IEC 62271 standard)
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (USA)
LV Low Voltage (Un < 1 kV)
MCC Motor Control Center
MV Medium Voltage (1 kV < Un < 52 kV)
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association (USA)
OPEX Operational Expenditure (includes maintenance and outages cost)
RMU Ring Main Unit (MV switchgear panel with 3-4 functions in one tank)
SSIS Screened Solid Insulated Switchgear
TCO Total Cost of Ownership (CAPEX + OPEX)
UL Underwriters Laboratory (USA)
Zt Transformer short circuit impedance

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 19

Schneider Electric MV Switchgear IEC Standard Offer Panorama

https://www.se.com/ww/en/product-category/87897-medium-voltage-switchgear/
Resources
Schneider Electric MV Switchgear ANSI Standard Offer Panorama
https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_enDocType=Bro-
chure&p_File_Name=SE-1986_ANSI+Panorama+%5B998-
1186690_US_A%5D+0508.pdf&p_Doc_Ref=998-1186690_US_ANSI

Schneider Electric Medium Voltage Technical Guide-2018

(www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/AMTED300014EN)

Mining Power Systems Competency Center- Recommended Power System Design for Mid-
size Iron Ore Mines- IEC Standard
(https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/998-20637454/)

Mining Power Systems Competency Center- Recommended Power System Design for High
Altitude Lithium Mines-IEC Standard
(https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/998-20637454/)

Mining Power Systems Competency Center- White Paper 01- MV network architec-
tures for optimized mining power system
(https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/998-20637454/)

Mining Power Systems Competency Center- White Paper 02 - HV/MV transformer

specification to optimize mining MV networks
(https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/998-20637454/)

Mining Power Systems Competency Center- White Paper 04- How to optimize E-
House cost by correct MV switchgear selection
(https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/998-20637454/)

Mining Power Systems Competency Center- White Paper 06- How to specify MV
switchgear and LV MCC for high altitude mines
(https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/998-20637454/)

Schneider Electric Solutions for Mining

(https://www.se.com/ww/en/work/solutions/for-business/mining/)

Contact us
For feedback and comments about the content of this white paper:
Mining Power System Competency Center
mining.powersystem @se.com

If you are a customer and have specific questions to your mining project please contact your
Schneider Electric sales representative in your country

MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI

 Schneider Electric – Mining Power Systems Competency Centre 20

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MV switchgear for mining power systems applications-IEC vs ANSI