CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most essential parts of life to both human being and other living things.
Access to drinking water is one of indicator of human well-being but majority of the community
living in rural area had no access of safe water supply and sanitation facilities. When source of
drinking water becomes contaminated it can be means of death. There are several sources of
water. They are spring, river, stream, pond and ground water. We can say there is adequate water
when the water treated chemically and biologically satisfies industrial and domestic demand of
the community. Adequate supply of water is a prerequisite to the development of the
socioeconomic activity of the society. Generally clean and potable water is a key for a batter life
of a society. Surface water resources are considerably unreliable due to the high inter- and intra-
annual variability in rainfall. In addition, surface water bodies are highly vulnerable to
contamination due to natural alteration and anthropogenic intervention. Most illness in
developing countries is caused by water related diseases. In the long-term groundwater resources
are reliable consistent safe and more importantly accessible to people. Approaches to ground
water occurrence can only be inferred indirectly by studying the geological and surface
parameters. Such as: -Drainage Density, Slope Steepness, Land use/Land cover and Rainfall
condition. Therefore, to bring sustainable development of the rural community safe and protected
water and improvement of sanitation minimizing serious water problems and increasing living
standards of the community at village level of the ILIKE-SUFA Jimma zone water & Energy
office design to construct Deep Wells in the most affected area.

1.1 Background of My Internship Hosting Company

1.1.1 Brief history of the company
Jimma zone water, and energy office was established in 1980 by the regional governments of
states Oromia proclamation number 162/2003. The ministry has ever since been making effort to
achieve the targets set in the growth rate transformation plan (GTP) for the water and Energy
sector of which major ones are

 Potable drinking water and sanitation programs.

 Energy development such as mini-hydropower and alternative energy form solar,
wind, bio-fuel and other.

Coverage area of the company – Jimma Zone Water and Energy Office provide services for
woredas around Jimma zone. This company is established for the benefit of woredas but not for
Jimma town.
1.1.2 Vision of company
To see potable water coverage reached 100% by which communities increased their productivity
and benefited from their activities of irrigating and land drainage. Provided and contributed for
the overall country’s development and fulfilled the needs of community in terms of energy
provision.

1.1.3 Mission of company

 Identifying the potential wealth of the zones in terms water and energy.
 Promote the development of water resource.
 Undertake basin studies and determine the country’s ground and surface water resource
 Potential in terms of volume and quality and facilitate the utilization.
 Cause the carrying out of study design and construction works to promote the expansion of medium
and large irrigation dams.
 Administer dams and water structures constructed by federal budget unless they are entrusted to the
authority of the relevant bodies.
 In cooperation with the appropriate organs, prescribe quality standards for waters to be used for
various purposes.
 Undertake studies concerning the development and utilization of energy; and promote the growth
and expansion of the country’s supply of electric energy.
 Promote the development of alternative energy sources and technologies.

1.1.4 Values of company

 Achieving the energy needs the community.
 Accountability.
 Transparency.
 Quality service.
 Doing work with minimum expenditure.
 Realizing the rules and regulation of government.
 Participation of work.
 Respect for the values and norms of the community
1.2 Objective of the Hosting Company
1.2.1 General Objective of the hosting company
To assess feasibility of the proposed water supply system, its affordability and thus to design and
implement a sustainable water supply and sanitation system for jimma zone through improving
the quantity, quality and level of services as per the standards set for rural areas of countries.
1.2.2 Specific objectives of the hosting company
 Development of the water resources of the zone for economic and social benefits of the people,
on equitable and sustainable basis.
 Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention, rehabilitation and
other practical measures.
 To carry out worthy efficiency potable water, Irrigation structures, construction activities in the
Jimma zone as well as nearby woreda as in order to develop agricultural products.
 Provide adequate and potable water supply, Irrigation structures in both terms of quality and
quantity.

1.3 The Main Product and Service of company

 Construction and maintenance of medium and small water supply project.
 Studying and distribution of energy.
 Doing water supply related projects.
 Construction of pipe line network.

1.3.1 The Main Customers or End Users of company

 Communities of the town and rural area.
 Governmental organization.

 Non-governmental organization (NGO)

1.4 Overall Organization and Work Flow of the Company

The strong organizational structure and strong bond in work flow system play the critical role in
any governmental and nongovernmental organization to achieve the required goal. Jimma zone
water and energy office is one of the governmental organizations with the following
organizational structure.
Head office
Construction and Scheme Water Resource Community
contract Study & Design Management Management Participation NGO
Administration of Water Supply Operation and Administratio Coordination
Section Project Section Maintenance n Section Section
Section
Study and Study and
Supportive Expansion of Construction of
Staff Bio Energy Electrification
Technology Section
 CHAPTER TWO

OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 Internship Objectives

General objective

The main objectives of my internship is to help me to acquire in-demand technical skills, and
helps to learn professional ethics or etiquette and to help me in polishing the soft skill.

Specific objective

 To integrate theory and practice.

 Assess interests and abilities in my field of study.
 To introduce my works what I have been done on site.
 To analysis what I have been learned.
 Also, it will introduce me to potential future work environments and I will be able to
decide whether this meet my career wishes and interests or not
 Explore career alternatives prior to graduation.

2.2 How I get in to the company

First Dilla University gave me the chance to search for internship hosting company by myself. It
provided me with the company to ask the willingness to host as an intern in the company. I
requested willingness to host me then they show willingness to host me. Finally, I informed to
my internship coordinator for the willingness of Jimma Zone Water & Energy to host me.
Fortunately, they expressed their good willing to host me.

2.3 Section of the company that have been working in

Section of the company that have been working is in ELIKE-SUFA water supply system. This
working section executes the work tasks.

 Assessing the existing sanitation practice and integrate with the planned.
 Estimate the cost of each item based on the current price assessed.
 Supervision works over currently running following water supply system.
 Maintenance and operation pipes and valve work.
  Design and construction of Reservoir and water points.
 Community awareness creation training.
 Check willingness and affordability of the cost of the proposed systems

2.4 Work tasks I have been executing

The work task I have been executing on the project of ELIKE-SUFA Water supply project. My
work task I have been executed on construction of Reservoir structure, construction of water
point, pipe layout and other related works as follows.

My work activities to simplify into two groups. These are site and office work. In this report we
would like to write the experience we gained both from the site and office activities.

2.4.1 Office works

In my four-month internship period I practice office works that are worked in our site by the help
of office engineer and data collector. Office works that are executed in our site includes

 By reading the final report of the project.

 Reading any design document of water supply project.
 AutoCAD: - For learning AutoCAD and to read AutoCAD drawings.

2.4.2 Site works

I started my internship practice on Monday March 02/2014 E.C in ELIKE-SUFA water supply
project. In the first week of my internship duration I saw each section of the site which was
finished and unfinished (on progress) part of site and also there was a part of site which did not
started.

I was participated on the following activity

 Construction of Generator and Pump house…...0%

 Construction of Water Reservoir….75%

 Pressure main/Transmission main ………50%

 Construction of water point…………...50%

In my four months internship period I practice site works in addition to office works that are
worked in our site by the help of site engineer and site Forman. Site works that are executed in
our site includes
  Controlling the casting of concrete

 Check and supervise mix ratio

 Controlling the production and use of spacers (Cebeleto)
 Check the quality of construction materials

2.5 The procedures I have been using while performing the work tasks
First read design report document by take from my supervisors to get general concept about
water supply system design. Again, read document which was design before. Then ask the
Engineers in the office and sight what is not clear. Next took data from in site supervisor. Here
after saw how do the design project involved during internship.

2.6 Good things to perform my work tasks

 Weathering conformability of the village.
 Excellent behavior of site engineer and Forman of the project.
 Excellent behavior of my friend student Mohammed to came from Bule Hora
University

2.7 Major challenges I had faced while performing my work task

There have been many and different challenges that faced me while I have been accomplishing
my work task. The challenges had different consequences and degree of difficulty.

I have been facing while performing my work tasks

 The first challenge I faced during my internship is I don’t know where the site is found
in first weeks.
 The other challenge faced lack of transport to go into the site. It had been a major
challenge for me.
 The other challenge and the main one is project manager and site engineer have no time
to show me the enter project sequence and work flow also other
 The weather condition of the site especially when I trained difficult to work on site.

2.8Measures I have been taken to overcome challenges

Measure taken for each and every of the problems/challenges that experienced me during the
work task of my intern ship program.
  I asked the project manager to assign a site to start work properly and manageably.
 For lack of transport I used motor bicycle to solve transport problem.
 I asked project manager and site engineer to show me the project work flow and so on.
 Asking my supervisor and Forman, to give me documents

CHAPTER THREE
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
1.6 Description of the Project Area
Location and Accessibility of the project area
Sufa and Ilke villages are found in Atiro sufa and Ilke togoba kabele, Seka Chokorsa woreda of
Jimma zone in Oromia regional state. It is located at a distance of about 15 km in southeast
direction of Seka town. The road from Seka woreda town is 2km through jimma bonga asphalt
road up to Junction of Asphalt and sufa ilke gravel road whic is 13 km until reaching project site
through seka bake gudo gravel road. The geographical co-ordinate at which the proposed
borehole site lies is 843413m Northing and 235943m Easting (in UTM Coordinates).The
borehole is located near of seka gibe river, that is dawn stream of bake gudo artesian Well which
constructed since 2007 E.C. Bake gudo well is about 4km far from this proposed well site, is at
the local name of Malka balla. For the further construction of sufa Ilke drinking water supply
project, the road is accessible for drilling mechine, heavy truck and other construction material.

Figure 1:Location map of the project area

1.6.2Climate and hydrological Features of project area
The altitude of the area is range from 1825m up to 23500m above sea level and using this

elevation, the area has been categorized under Woina Dega climate type. Based on rainfall, the
climate of the area can be categorized in to two broad seasons: the dry season (winter) which
covers the period from October to May and the wet season extends from June to September, with
slight rainfall during autumn and spring. In this area there are intermittent streams and rivers, out
of which Gibe river are the major one flow east direction and originate from Geta bake highland
and join gelgel gibe within d/t tributary rivers at a distance. In and around the project area,
different natural and coffee plantations are observed. The minimum and maximum temperature

16 C0 _20 C0 & rain fall of the area are 200_250 mm/Year.

1.6.3Topography and drainage pattern

The topographic setting undulating but tends to flatten towards the proposed borehole site and

elevated to the center of the village. The catchment is rugged and steep slopes land features. The

present rugged landform of the area is due to volcano–tectonic activity that formed the highland

plateau. To the northern, southern and western part of the study area the topography is highly

rugged, which in turn is characterized by rapids, and a high runoff coefficient compared to the

central part of the study area.

1.5 Statements of Problems and Its Extent

Sufa and ilke village has no any conventional water supply system, the existing water supply
sources of the village are from in sufficient intermittent Springs which are dry in dry season and
the hand dug well constructed by financial support of direct aid are give service only in rain
season because the maximum depth of those well has 12m. According to the information
gathered from different sources, such as, the Kebele Administration bodies, Experts of Water and
Energy office of the woreda and the dwellers of the village, the communities living in Sufa and
Ilike Village have the worst water supply problem.

1.7 Objective of the project

1.7.1 Main Objective of the project
The overall goal of this project is generally to alleviate the problems of target community related
to water borne diseases and enhance the development of the same community by providing safe
potable water. In more details the objectives of the project and this study is to undertake and then
determine water supply source confirmation, that is feasibility study which includes geological,
brief hydrological and hydro geological investigation for ground water sources; and then to
improve access to water supply and sanitation services of the Community through improved
water production, distribution and safe sanitation promotion and supply.
1.7.2 Specific Objective of the project
 To assess the water supply condition and identify the water demand for each of the communities
in the project areas.
 Water resource assessment for short- and long-term use.
 To recommend the best alternative water supply sources by conducting detailed geological,
hydrological (brief) and hydro geological assessments to satisfy the demand for each community
in the project area.
 Evaluate the surface and groundwater condition.
 Identify types of sources, Well field and drilling site selection.
 To locate previous works with the present.
2.9.2. Methodology used
The methodologies employed before the start of investigation are:

 Assess existing water source & their condition on the area.

 Examining existing data and previous work.
 Population forecast.
 Field data analysis, interpretation and organization of relevant information.
 Conduct mutual discussion with local regard of water problem in the area.
 Collection and analysis of relevant data.
 Assess the need of water in the school and health center.

 Collecting all the available secondary data as previous works, study reports and existing well
sites including well log data in the vicinity of the area,
 Reviewing and analyzing the collected secondary data to identify data gap.

2.9.3. Result and Discussion

5.1.2. Design Period Estimation
Design Period depends on many factors
 Life span of structural materials used in construction
 Funding availability
 Anticipated expansion rate of the project area.
Based on water supply standard of our country for rural Towns, 15 years design period is
considered.

5.1.3. Base Population

The use of a reliable base population figure is very important for optimizing the project costs and
sustaining the project’s service year. Over and under estimation of the populations could result in
a higher investment cost and a lower service run period respectively. Hence it is very important
to initially get a realistic base population figures not to come with the above-mentioned
problems. The design has taken the base population obtained from the administration bodies of
the Kebele used for projecting the future population sizes of Ilke-Sufa Village. Based on this
data the current population of the village at year 2017 is 2800 from this, 1456 is male and 1344
are female with 460 households with an assumption of each House hold consists of 6 family
members.
Table: 5.1. - Base population data of Ilke –sufa multi village at year of 2017.
Total Population of the village No. of
S/No Year Male Female Total Household
1 2017 1456 1344 2800 460

5.1.4. Population Growth Forecast (Population Projection)

The Central Statistical Authority has established an annual growth rates for population projection
from 2017 up to the year 2032. Hence, in projecting the future population sizes of the towns and
the rural, the country level CSA’s growth rates for Oromia as presented in the table below have
been used. The projected populations using the base populations presented above and the growth
rates presented below are shown in the table and chart presented underneath.
Table: 5.2. Year Growth Rate (%) CSA’s for Oromia Region Population
2.57
Growth 2010 Rates taken from country level.
2011 2.49

2012 2.52

2013 2.37
2014 2.39
2015 2.28

The 2016 2.28 population projection is computed at an

interval of 2017 2.18 5 years, based on the CSA growth rate for
Oromia. 2018 2.04 Ethiopian central statistics authority method,
which is 2019 1.98 the most representative of population growth
of 2020 1.91 Ethiopia towns, is used to forecast
t 2021 1.84 population growth. The Population
projection 2022 1.78 shall be made using the following formula:
1.67
Pn =P2016 2023 (1+ (r/100)) n, where Pn = projected
1.61
population 2024
1.53
2025 n=design period
1.47
2026 r =population growth rate set by CSA
2027 1.38
2028 1.32
2029 1.25
Table: 5.3. Projected Populations of Ilke-Sufa Village
2030 1.19
2031 1.12
2032 1.05
2033 1.00
2034 0.93

2035 0.92
 Year Projected population
2017(Base Year) 2800 Base population
2018 2861
2023 3125
2028 3348
2033 3526

Table: 5.3. Summary of Population Projection for 15 years Design Period

Year 2018 2023 2028 2033
Population 2861 3125 3348 3526

5.2. Water Demand Estimation

In the design of any water supply project, it is necessary to estimate the amount of water that is
required to be supplied. This involves determining the number of people to be served and their
per capita water consumption along with analysis of the factors that may operate to affect
consumption.
5.2.1. Domestic Water Demand
The Domestic water demand is the daily water requirement for use by human being for different
domestic purposes like drinking, cooking, bathing, cleaning, gardening and etc. The domestic
water demand required by human being could be supplied or obtained through different modes of
services depending on the economic level and facilities owned by the individual
5.2.1.1. Modes and Level of Services
In a conventional water supply system, there are five modes of services in which an individual
could be served. These are:
 House Tap Users (HTU)
 Yard Tap Users (YTU)
 Public Fountain Users (PFU)
 Neighbor Hood Tap Users (NTU)
 Traditional Sources Users (TSU)
However, in most new water supply system feasibility studies for urban & rural centers here in
our Zone, the mode of service depends only on the second and third classical mode of services
because of economic viewpoint of our community. Hence, for this project, it is assumed all the
public to be served by only the third mode of service until them able to use other mode of
services as their economic condition.
Hence, using the third mode of service namely Public Tap (PFU) and the respective per capita
water consumption as described on the revised design criteria and stated below, the future water
requirement of the Village will be estimated in the proceeding section.
 Public Tap users 25 litter/day
Note:-The per capital demand has been taken as per the revised countries standard per capital
demand which is 25l/sec for rural town.

5.2.1.2. Growth Rate of Domestic Water Demand

It is evident that as the socioeconomic condition and the living standard of the people improve;
their water consumption will be increase. The demand of the public tap users will increase in a
little amount as their economic condition increased, Because, the distance for fetching water will
not encourage them, so that the growth rate has been limited and should be needed to transfer the
second mode of service called yard connection. Based on different factors the present per capita
demand of the project area will be grow. To make the smooth annual growth demand variation,
for this site the water demand growth rate per annum consider 1.3% as the design criteria.
Therefore, projected per capita water demand of the area over the expected design period is
given in the table hereunder.

Table: 5.4. Projected Average Per Capita Water Demand of PTU Mode of Services (l/c/d)
Year
Demand Category
2017 2018 2023 2028 2033
PTU (l/c/d) 25 25.33 27.01 28.82 30.74

5.2.2. Non-domestic Water Demand

 The Water required for Health post, Tea rooms, and Mosques, Churches and other
commercial establishments, public facilities, and etc. in the area are included in this
demand category. Non- domestic is usually expressed as a percentage of the average
day domestic demand. For this Village, it is considered non-domestic demand is 10%
of domestic demand to balance future supply of the non-domestic water demand. Table
5.9 below presents the estimated Non-domestic water demand.

Table: 5.9. Non-domestic water Demand as 10% of Domestic Water Demand

Year 2017 2018 2023 2028 2033
Domestic Water Demand 63.0 65.21 76.0 86.8 97.6
(m3/d)
(l/s 0.73 0.75 0.88 1.00 1.13
)
Non- domestic Demand(10% of 6.3 6.5 7.6 8.7 9.8
Domestic Demand) (m3/d)
0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11
(l/s)

5.2.7. Average Day Demand

The average day water demand is the sum of adjusted domestic water demand, non-domestic
water demand, and system water loss. The values calculated in the previous sections are
summarized and added to estimate the total average day water demand of the project as shown in
the Table 5.11 hereunder.

Table 5.11.Total Average Day Demand

Year
Description
2018 2023 2028 2033
A- Domestic Demand,
65.21 76.0 86.8 97.6
(m /d)
3

B- Non-domestic Demand =10%*A

6.5 7.6 8.7 9.8
(m /d)
3

C- % of losses 10% 11% 13% 14%

(m3/d
D -Loss=(A+B)*C
7.17 9.19 12.42 15.02
(m /d)
3

E- Total Average Day Demand=A+B+D

79 93 108 122
(m3/d)

0.91 1.07 1.25 1.42

(l/s)
*Note: it is assumed major loss to occur in the distribution pipeline only.

5.3.1. Maximum Day Water Demand

The maximum day water demand is the highest demand of any one 24-hour period over any
specified year. If there is sufficient water and enough daily consumption record, it is possible to
assume a realistic maximizing factor, however, since there is no any conventional water supply
system in the past, the maximizing coefficient are taken from the design guideline that has been
followed by the former Water supply and Sewerage Authority (WSSA) and are presented on
table 5.12 below.
Table: 5. 12. Maximum Day Factor
Population Maximum Daily coefficient (Cd max.)
0-50,000 1.2
50,000-100,000 1.15
>100,0000 1.1
From table 5.11 and the calculated average day water demand, the maximum daily coefficient to
be adopted for Ilke-Sufa Rural Village and the calculated maximum day demand is presented on
table 5.13 below.
Table: 5.13. Maximum Day Water Demand for Ilke-sufa multi Village
Total Average Maximum Day Demand
Maximum Day
Year Day
Coefficient (Cd max.) m3/d l/s
Demand(m3/d)
2018 79 1.2 95 1.10
2023 93 1.2 111 1.29
2028 108 1.2 130 1.50
2033 122 1.2 147 1.70

5.3.2. Peak Hour Demand

The peak hour demand is the highest demand in any one hour over the year. It represents the
diurnal variation in water demand resulting from behavioral patterns of the local population. The
size, mode of service and social activities of the village significantly influence the peak hour
demand. Further, studies by different researcher show that the peak hour factor is greater for
smaller population than bigger population. A peaking factor suiting the village is selected from
the design criteria correlating peaking factor with number of population as stated in the table
below.

5.4. Summary of Water Demand

The calculated water demands are summarized in the form tables and Charts as shown below.
Table: 5.16. Summary of Water Demand for Ilke-Sufa village
Year
Description
2018 2023 2028 2033
Population 2861 3125 3348 3526
Adjusted Per capita demand (lit./d) 22.79 24.3 25.9 27.7
Domestic Water Demand (m3/d) 65.21 76.0 86.8 97.6
Non-domestic Water Demand (m3/d) 6.5 7.6 8.7 9.8
Losses (m3/d) 7.17 9.19 12.42 15.02
Total Average Day Demand (m3/d) 79 93 108 122
(l/s) 0.91 1.07 1.25 1.42
Maximum Day Demand (m3/d) 95 111 130 147
(l/s) 1.10 1.29 1.50 1.70
Peak Hour Demand (m3/d) 157.8 185.6 215.8 244.7
(l/s) 1.83 2.15 2.50 2.83

7.2. Proposed Water Sources

Water Resource is the critical part of any water supply system that needs to be investigated
thoroughly. It is important that sources of water supply be capable of providing service for both
the short-term and long-term demands being projected. Therefore, in this study for Ilke-Sufa,
there is no potential spring water resource and Borehole is fully proposed as water resource for
this Village that can satisfy a maximum day demand of a population its equals to 1.75 lit/sec.

3.6 Design of Reservoir and Its construction Works

Reservoirs are the storage of water for supplying and help in absorbing the hourly fluctuation in
normal water demanded.

To supplying water for all water points and the community by gravity, the location of reservoir is
constructed on peak area at the elevation of 2156 m.s.l. This is due to the fact that water easily
flow by gravity to the consumer. The 100m 3 service reservoir constructed at hill area of the
village

Function of service reservoir

 To distribute water by equal rate for the population

 To maintain relatively uniform water pressure
 To balance supply and demand
Hence, to satisfy the conditions above storage reservoirs are required to be built at peak area. The
reservoir capacity for ILIKE-SUFA Multi Rural village is estimated by using analytical method. The
reservoir size of the rural areas is calculated by taking 1/3 of maximum day demand of the area with
Twelve hours storage time is to be used.

3.6.1 Depth, Shape And Types Of Reservoirs

 Depth: -There is an economical depth of service reservoir for any given site. For a given
quantity of water either a shallow reservoir having long walls and a large floor area may be
constructed. A deep reservoir may be constructed with high retaining walls and a smaller floor
area. The reservoir constructed in this project area have a depth of 3m.
 Shape: -Circular reservoir is geometrically the most economical shape giving the least amount of
walling for a given volume and depth.
Generally, the reservoir in this PA have

 Size: - 50m3
 Shape: - Circular Reservoir’s
 Depth: -3m
  Type: - Surface Reservoirs
 Diameter: -6.50m
 Free space: - 0.5m

Note: - The inner and outer diameter of the reservoir was 6.00m and 6.50m respectively, also the
thickness of the reservoir wall was 50cm.

3.6.2 Accessories of the reservoir

 Inlet pipe: - installed at upper of the reservoir used for entry of water.
 Outlet pipe: - installed at the bottom of the reservoir used for lift of water
 Overflow pipe: - it below the roof of the reservoir it extends internally up to
freeboard
 Washout pipe: - bellow the floor of the reservoir used for remove water after wash
clean the reservoir about 30cm below the board.
 Vent pipe: - at the top of the reservoir used for free circulation of air.
 Water level indicator: - used to indicate the level of water.
 Ladders: - There are two ladders which is internal and external ladders. The main
use of ladder is for climbing on the reservoir for repairing (maintenance) and
inspection of reservoir.
 Manhole: - used to entry a man for inspection.
3.6.3 Procedures of construction Work of circular Reservoir
A. Earth Work, Pitching and Filling of hard core Work.

 Site selection: - selection of most appropriate and economical site for construction.
 Site clearance: - Removing of stones, tree and other unwanted material up to 20cm into
ground
 Excavation: - The foundation has been excavated a depth of 50cm below ground level
 Compaction: - The expedition of air from soil and increasing the caring capacity of soil
particularly density and inter particle friction.
 Filling of hard core: - In this step, it is simply filling a fracture of stones for specified
depth that is 250 mm in order to attain the strength of the foundation.
B Placing Reinforcement Bar for Base Floor
The reinforcement bars are placed according to structural drawings. This bar has high tensile
strength. In this project we have use 10mm bar for base floor and 8mm of bars for wall. This
reservoir is double reinforcement with spacer between them. The bars are placed with overlap of
200mm. The selection of reinforcement diameter is according to design parameter.

Figure 2:Placing reinforcement bar

C. Concrete For Base Slab And concrete wall

 Concrete for base slab

To control water pressure uses to protect the reinforcement bar from corrosion.
 To cover and fill the gap among hard cores this leads to prevent the entrance of water and
air in to ground.
 To protect the seepage of water from the ground
 It is bedding of the base of reservoir
 Ratio of lean concrete 1:2:3 (cement, sand, aggregate)

Figure 3:Lean Concrete

 Form work (panel)

Form work can be constructed from wood and steel supporter. It supports the pressure of fresh
concrete in the foundation and wall of circular reservoir. On our project site metal formwork was
used. The formwork supported by steel supporter. Fixing formwork position not too rotate as the
time casing and compacting concrete essential task at the construction of foundation and wall of
circular reservoir.

Figure 4:Formwork of steel

 Mesh wire
Mesh wire (construction joint) is made up of tiny wire used in construction. It put between two
sides walls of reservoir to control the strength of the construction walls.
 Figure 5:Mesh wire

3.7 Distribution System

Distribution system is a means of taking water from the reservoir to reach the consumer
in the media of pipes
There are three types of distribution systems. These are: -

 Pumping system: - Is used to raise water from the weight well to the both
elevated ground service reservoirs. This system is much cost.
 Gravity system: - Is used rise water from spring to weight well which is located
at low elevation area about 700m far away from spring. It is very important to
distribute water from service reservoir to the consumers because of reservoirs are
found high elevation than water points and also it is cheap in cost
 Dual system: - is the combination of the two systems. This is the best method for
distribution.
The distribution system of the area does not need pumping since the topography of the
area is available for the gravity distribution system.
3.7.1 Pipe Layout for the Distribution System
Distribution pipes are used to deliver water to consumers with appropriate quality,
quantity and pressure. The distribution network is design in such a way that it safely and
economically, accommodates the peak hour demand of, year 2034

There are a number of pipe types:

 DCI=ductile cast iron pipe

 HDPE=high durable polyethylene pipe
 +GI=galvanized iron pipe

As per design in ILIKE-SUFA Water Supply Project, the pipe material is used HDPE
pipe types. DCI for overflow, washout and GI for roof slab drainage system and HDPE
pipe for distribute system
3.7.2 Trench excavation
Trench is a channel which is excavated to bury the pipe. The trench depth prepared to
bury the pipe of ILIKE-SUFA water supply project ranges from 0.8m to 1.5m depending
up on soil condition, pipe diameter and topography of the land. For in this project the
depth is 1.5m with 0.8m width

Figure 6:Excavation of trench

3.7.3 Pipe jointing and fitting
A. Pipe Jointing

Water supply main pipelines and other distance pipelines were made by joint, large
number of pipe length in the trenches are connected by using different types of the
joint. These are:

 Socket and spigot joint

 Screwed socket joint
There are different types of pipe fitting that is used in water distribution system. The
fitting used for distribution are: -

 T-shape
 Y-shape
 Bend and elbow shape
3.7.4 Backfilling
Proper backfilling is essential in protecting the pipe from any damage; prevent erosion
and preventing to much settling in the trench. In this process we used for back filling the
previous excavated material. It is advisable filling this material up to a depth of 20cm
above the original ground level.

Figure 7:Backfilling of the trench

3.8 Construction of Water Point

Water point is point of distribution of water to the end users through branched droplet
steel pipe. Shape of water point can be circular, rectangular or trapezoidal, but for our
case circular shape water point was used for its economic, durability and simplicity of
construction.17 water point and 3 existing water.

3.8.1 Procedures of construction of circular water point

The construction equipment and materials required are (compacter, batching box).

A. Site selection

Selection of the site based on:

 Geotechnical investigation (characteristics of the soil)

 Choosing suitable area close to the community.
 At the place of the community are densely settled.

B. Earth work

 Site clearing and stripping of top soil up to depth of 20cm

 Bulk excavation up to depth of 50cm below the site clearing.
 Excavation of foundation, soak away pit and valve chamber.
 Provided and compaction of selected materials in layer of 15cm for foundation.
 Provide and fill hard core with hard basaltic and bladed with crushed stone.

C. Concrete work
  Casting of 50mm thick lean concrete over hard core with concrete grade of C-
15Mpa with minimum cement content of 150kgs/m3 and the depth is 50mm.
 The mixing ratio of the concrete is 1:2:5(cement: sand: aggregate).

D. Masonry work

 Provide and construct 40cm thick masonry wall grouted and filled with 1:3 cement
mortar for foundation and super structure.
 Plastering to smooth finish for water point wall and surface.
 Masonry pavement around the water point with 1:3 ratio of cement mortar.

Figure 8:Water point

 CHAPTER FOUR

THE OVERALL BENEFITS I GAINED FROM MY INTERNSHIP

I could have improved my practical skills and upgrading my theoretical knowledge and
also make the theoretical knowledge as visualized. This was the objective of internship. I
have improved my interpersonal communication skill, team playing skill, leadership skill
and other related skills. I will describe each of these outputs that I gained from the
internship skill, leadership skill and other related skills. I will describe each of these
outputs that I gained from internship.

As a general, I can see our internship skills

 In terms of improving practical skills

 In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge
 In terms of team work skill
 In terms of inter personal communication skill
 In terms of understanding about work ethics issues and related issues.
 In entrepreneurship skills
4.1 In terms of improving my practical skills
It is obvious that the main objective of the internship is to upgrade our theoretical
knowledge in to practical skill that can be touched and seen. In this respect we have also
believe that it has a great role in future career. Therefore, we gain practical experience of
applying our engineering judgment and working successfully with others.

However, the skills and qualities nurtured by studying Hydraulic and water resource
engineering suit many other professional settings equally well. and we can offer:

 creativity and an innovative approach to solving problems;

 the ability to analyze and interpret diverse, complex data;

 critical thinking and the ability to evaluate designs, plans and projects;

 effective assessment and management of risk, resources and time;

  highly developed numeracy and computer literacy;

 interpersonal sensitivity, persuasiveness and the ability to work as part of a

team;

 clear written and oral communication skills;

4.2 In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge
My internship program helps me to remember theoretically learn on campus. And also
improve new things from the staff during the whole internship period. What to be done in
practical about construction of RC reservoir (foundation, floor slab, wall, outlet, inlet and
washout) Supervision skills gained by supervising other students which helped me
specific skills such as feedback, listening and asking skills.

It was a great experience in terms of enhancing our theoretical and practical knowledge
during the internship period. Among these:

 The experience working in real and practical project

 Knowledge about problem identification and how to manage these.

 We managed to see how environmental professionals do environmental impact

assessment.

 Developing insight about site investigation and how thoughts can be developed

4.4 In terms of improving my team playing skill

Engineering is teaming a work. Team work is work performed by team. Construction
organizations should focus on team building, which is crucial to achieve business goes. It
is needed to possess strong team playing skills. If there is strong team playing skills in the
organization, employers working in teams will deliver more productivity and better
solution being a great team player help you climb up the ladder of career success. In the
construction world nothing is done by a single person. Different people with various
professional levels will participate. We developed this skill easily and rapidly because it
begins when we were in campus i.e. some assignments were given in groups. This helps
me to handle different characters of persons we worked with. The reason behind these
are our work tasks allow us to communicate with colleagues and also co-operated us with
other persons. For my four months duration on the project site, we worked with different
office engineer, one site engineer and other interns with good team spirit. we have learnt
that there are no self-sufficient fields of study for the accomplishment of the given project
work i.e. someone output is used as an input for the analysis of the assign of the project
specially in engineering disciplines.

4.5 In terms of Improving Leadership Skill

Leadership is a critical management skill, is the ability to motivate a group of people

toward a

common goal. The internship also helps me to improve how to carry my responsibility
and

leadership skill because if I have given some job to do and to manage the task properly.
Since,

there is accountability in my duties and the action that given to me, so in order to carry
my

responsibility I had been executed on the required time. This also helps to improve
legality and

punctuality in any way.

The following leadership skills are those I gained from internship

 Manage the overall the activity

 Ensuring sustainability of the activities in organization
 Initiation and conducing of change in the organization And be confident leadership
in the fold

Finally, this internship has developed my ability of getting and giving information for
good Leadership skill.
4.5 In terms of understanding work ethics and related issues
In the time of my internship, I could understand work ethics, like come to work on time,
but this not enough, it is also work efficiently and effectively. And lack of good working
habits leads to many problems.

Responsibility that taken to in the project area are: -

 Punctuality and effective time management.

 Accountability to a given task.
 Keeping company secrets.
 Transparency in working once partners

4.6 In terms of improving my entrepreneurship skill

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and job creation. It provides many
people with career opportunities that better fit their preferences than waged employment.

After the completion of internship, I was motivated to look forward in construction

business and to start taking sub contract with different technique.

4.3 In terms of improving my interpersonal communication skills

During the internship activities, I improved personal communication skills depending on
practical work of water supply project. Because to participate in the internship activities
communication skill is the basic one; that means in order to work; first you have to
communicate smoothly with all the company workers like office engineer, site engineer,
Forman and daily labor. And this helps to me to gain the required experience from those
skilled professional workers.
 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion
The internship used to upgrade the theoretical knowledge’s learned from the university
by changing it to the practical skill. This internship gave me more knowledge to be more
confidential to the theoretical knowledge’s by observing those practically. Internship is
the best program for interns to know what the working principles and the outside
environment of the various company looks like.

During practice I understood that the structure of water supply system and their function
like reservoir (storage), pump and generator (use to move the water from source to
reservoir), water point or bono (use for human watering) etc. I am also benefited from
this practice in understanding everything, what I knew in theoretically.

Finally, the internship semester has given me real practical skills and made me familiar to
the outside world. Even though there was a gap between the things which we know in the
class with the outside environment, I got practical work experiences and benefits at
Jimma Zone Water and Energy Office.
5.2 Recommendations
Recommendation for the hosting company

In these four months internship program, I got the chance to see something that could affect the
company’s quality and hinder its growth and efficiency in satisfying the requirement of the
students at practical internship. And I think they need some recommendations to make suitable
environment to the upcoming interns.

Some of the recommendations I would like to make for the hosting company are

 The company should give a better attention to interns

 In order to increase skilled man power in its different department, the company should
work hard on practical (internship) students and new workers (substituent), because

this is necessary for fast development of the company as well as the country.

Recommendations for the university

Depending on my internship report from the beginning to the end I would like to recommend the
following important points

 The university should arrange some practical visit in some courses. Because it helps
the students to easy understand what they have learn on practical work and lecture
class. In this internship we saw how it is easy to understand on practical work.
 The department should send the student to the host company on time for this
internship program
 The budget allocated for this internship program is not enough for the students to
spend in this program. Therefor the university should increase the budget allocation
for the internship program.
5.3 REFERENCE
 Design report of this project
 Water supply &water treatment hand out
 Ministry of water resource guide line