0% found this document useful (0 votes)
147 views16 pages

ၵွၼ်းၶေႃ မၢႆ (႒) Independence Vol. 27 No

This document discusses the independence of the State Audit Commission of Thailand. In 3 sentences: The State Audit Commission of Thailand was established in 1999 to audit state agencies independently and transparently. However, some argue that the Commission lacks true independence since its members are appointed by the executive branch. There are ongoing debates around strengthening the Commission's independence through constitutional amendments to change how its members are selected.

Uploaded by

Shan Books
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
147 views16 pages

ၵွၼ်းၶေႃ မၢႆ (႒) Independence Vol. 27 No

This document discusses the independence of the State Audit Commission of Thailand. In 3 sentences: The State Audit Commission of Thailand was established in 1999 to audit state agencies independently and transparently. However, some argue that the Commission lacks true independence since its members are appointed by the executive branch. There are ongoing debates around strengthening the Commission's independence through constitutional amendments to change how its members are selected.

Uploaded by

Shan Books
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

rBm  vldef[Mj-vldef=uf; yDwB;  

       

INDEPENDENCE

|3| nkyfbxmrfqOfjoldOfcmefbZMU-qOfjckef=rfb
|6| xmrf-wGyfb zljerf;  qOfjqBm;,Dj
|8| qOfj,Gwfjokduf;oyf;vFif;cBjte
|18| o#rf;jynfaxmifpktpdk;&zGJŒpnf; vGwfvyfa&;a-ujim
|23| ESpf 60 eD;yg; o#rf;jynfolrsm; cHpm;csuf
|32| o#rf;wyf 2 zGJŒ aygif;pnf;r+
|36| Time buyers
|37| Clogged ears
|38| Forced submission campaign on

qkkrf;udkwf;okduf;-wkduf;okduf;
+rf;uef aw[ef[Fif;,fgbukdrf;
20-.

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 1 22/6/2548, 19:06


k
-khsC,sy ;yr,5;b hy ]yg. dkh -;ymK'yjsK'yhsG9ry ]wh?
oy.r';yr]wKr05b;ytow 06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh g9gdkj
lK'yh]:'hy d9yr]Go] y hw ooyt d;y-khv,yjp6,jy
p,y? g9-Cory swKT0kT]5;b dy ;yjd5Pry " owp;y?t
,oyr0;yh;kh J]:'yh SSNA -;yhm5boyj
-6boyrowt o,yo,ygvjgvjs^Tg996,ytp:oyh
06,ry d69b ry l6db ry 9K'yj06,ry p5j? 96;b 9ty K'yr,oyr
xwj,Coyh9kj-;ydkhooytd5Pyr"Sowp5j?
x5b'y-:9yjz:9yh SSNA ]6boyrl69yr
voys9 G ry xK'yd,6 dy oy9xC ry 99yr,5;b hy @)2%2
Q* 9uh]w:-5b;yrooyt z5ho,yrokh @ gxkhm;yh
0;yhg9j;b'yj/ z5ho,yrokh # 0;yhl6bdyr]5'y
ndif vb'yo5b;y06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh ,urzCoydKoy ]:,] ty d: jy '69
b hy p5j9bdry 9bdry gdkhs'yr,oyr/ ;kh 0wKrpuh Zd:xhy v,yj-yh. v:djy okhg9kj,Koyhgl
;wt0G,yx6b'yrgl v;yd5h]wKr]wKrzkjmCdyj0Cdyj g9xoysG9yrcxj0w:T0b9yt pbxyrd:'yhd6,yrd,y p5jxkh]'yd6,yrpbxyrX/ z5hx:'ydKoyl6bdyr 0;yh
cz/ ]:dyj'6b9yh/ ,bxyj'Coyrd,ydboyr,kr9bdyr okh]boy 9kjd5oyr2d:'yh *S(Q gl sy>h9'yh l6db ry g-j,bojy Zx69hy 9Cory 9oyrsG'ry 0;yh0wKr
9bdry Sm6'b 9 y hu 0;yhdoyjo 9xy0 t ,6 ry @@ 9xty -:,yjxoujsG9yrdKoyxwKr,Kdyh,urx5b'y]G;yowgdkh puhXz5hd:oyr9xyt06,yr @( c]h s<'yhdKoy
l6bdyr05b;yt0K9yh06b'yh9wr (SSNA) -;y gxkr s'yr,oyr/ z5hd:oyr9xyt06,yr 0;yhd6'yj-5b;yr G-3 / dC,yz5hx:'ydKoyl6bdyr 0;yhl6bdyrd6'yj-5b;yr
]wh;K'yr-5b'yhd.kj{,5b;yh %j@#2%2Q* sC'yrd:'yh c]h z5h,ur0oyt9K'yjgdkT 05b;yr-Coyr0y.,Kdyh Z9xty06,yr @+X/ z5hd:oyr]6,yrl6bdyrc]hs<'yh
@%$ d5ory @)_ gdkT oyr. v5'b jy g0Hv5 g0H ,ur d,yhz:'yhgdkh v,yj-y.h06oytxw:j-5;yr-:'y'6boyr dKoy G-5 0;yhl6bdyrv:'yj,\kT/ z5hd:oyr9xyt
;G'yrlCoy;u} d5Pyrv,yjdkr 96boyrvKoyrs6xyh -,yrgdkhs'yr,oyrc]h 0'yjp:,yr95;y;K'yr 06,yr ( 0;yhsKoyg-j,kj/ z5hd:oyr9xyt06,yr
06,ry 9wrd69 b ry l6db ry SSNA 9'yr,59ry xkr9'yr -5b'yhxoyl6bdyr,Koyh 9uho,ytx:'yh 9kjsC'yrd:'yh2 + Z-6boyr-:9yjz:9yh,y.jX -6oyl6bdyr]5'y0wKr
95;yz5ho,yr SSNA 0;yh0wKrpuh d:oyjc]h d5oyr ,:dyh @+Q ,5b;yh #Q2*2Q*? m6oyr/ s<'yhdKoy G-2 0;yhl6bdyr v6,yh-5b;yr/
0;yh0wKrpuh Z9'yr';yh06,yrvbdyj 9xyts^,yj awKjo6'b hy ,5;b hy xwr: ;oyr06'b hy 9wr]6dz ty o b6 ty G-4 ZdC,yz5hd:oyr9xyt06,yr @( 0;yhx6boyr
]5,yh,oyr0;yhX ]whx6boytxw:jxK'yl;yr';yh'6oyr Z#@2*2Q*Xooyt 0;yhp:9yhl6bdyr9'yr0;yh -5b;yrX? gxkrxkr 9xytd:'ys^,yj]5,yh';yh'6oyr,ur
-wKrlb,yj/'5b'yt-wKT-;yhm5boyj-6boyr,5b;yh +2%2Q*? 0wKrpuh-;ygdkhx6boyzK;yj]:'yhSSNA-SSA-S @* 9xytd:'y? ,5b;yh 9xyt06,yr @@ ZdoyjoX
awKjo6'b hy 9K'yro6'b hy l6db ry ,Koyhl,yct ]j s^,yhs<,yrdoyxGoy,5jo6b'yh06,yr]G;y g9kjokh c]h @+ Zd6'yj-5b;yrX -;yxwj;K'yr-5b'yhooyt
sk]:dyj'6b9yh,bxyj'Coyro5b;y l'yj-kjd5oyr,5b'yr odyt-K;yjZ06,yrl6b;yjX )S_ 06,yr 05b;yr-6boyh sC'yrl6bdyrg9,ur #j*QQ xwK?
sy>hs^Pyrs<'ytv;y9xyt06,yr ( Z0;yhg-j,kjX d.kj]w:9wr]C'yr? SSNA owt 0;yhdKoyrp:9yhv:oys^;y
x:9ry ,5'b ry g,kj,5'b ry pGoy g0H;G'ry o,t9 y h5 / 9xyt 0;yhp:9yhl6bdyr]K9yh;kh Jokh]boy z6boyt;wKjzK9yjv:dyj MTA ,5b;yh (2(2@++*
06,ry @+ Z0;yhd6'jy -5;b ry Xx:9ry o,yxt ': hy / g0H x:9ry 9:ohy 05;b ry owt 0;yh0wKrpuhpK,yh95'o ty 'b6 y gl -6boyrgdkj9'yh06,yr,.yj? c9jdxyrl6bxyj
;G'yr]khlG;yh-;y sy>h;K'yr-5b'yh0:,yrmC'yh? gxkr ,krv:o9 y K'yrs;yrd:ojy ? d5hx:dhy gdkhs;yrpK,yh 9xyt0:xyj-K;yjl6bdyr,Koyh ,5b;yh @@T(T+* gl
v,yj;K'yrg9gskh]6bxyh;Koyh2v5b'yj-:oyhdoy xGoy9wrgdkTs^,yhzKdyhdoyoy.r06,yr]G;y? vb'y d6b9yrl6bdyr,kr ,5b;yhsK'yxu +* c]h oy.r-K;yr
;khow? awKjo6b'yhz5ho,yr SSA 06,yrlC'ydC;yt o5b;y';yr]wKrgl s;yr]whzK9yjdoyd.kjp;ty 9K'yr @Q xuotw l6db ry ,Koyhx5oxty o C ] y kh]uhgxkT
gdkh 0w:hdwKjdxyrxoycdhdK'y,oyr sy>hz5ho,yr -6boyr,krs^,yhs<,yrdoymC'yhd,yrowt p6,yjp,y;kh m6xyt/ 9bP:xyr/ x59yrd:'yh/ p6b;yr9wK/ ly.j-:dyh
SSNA ]w h s^ x y t v 6 x y j z5 h d: o y r 95 b ' y r ,Koy h xGoy]:'yh,oyh0y. 9:oyh9kjvGoysC'yrs;yrpy.j d5ory l6db ry vbdjy z5h,ur0oyt v,yjs^TxGo] y Kw x:dhy
0:,sy Koy,\b o] ty Kw j ]khlG;hy 9:ohy 9kj-6o b ry ,5o
b y d.K'yh,oyhd6b,yr,krmC'yhp5j" S;khow? ]wK9uh? voy9wK2,K9yjp:oytl6bdyr,Koyh,ur
xdyrd;yjx5b'yd;yjgl9kT l6bdyr,Koyh9Gdyrsy>h 0;yh0wKrpuhl,yt lxyr]C'yrcoodyt 9'yr,59yr0,y0,yxKdyj? p:oytx5b;yhd5b;yr]wh
;K'yr-5b'yhp5j9bdyr9bdyr? -K;yj-;y;khSJvoypkT]C;yg-kh95dyr]5'yr v6xjy dKoy,'b5 ry 9'yrl6db ry ,Koyh/ gxkr96db ry ,Koyh
sG9yrooygl SSNA 0'yj]wh9Cxyr d6b9yrl6bdyrdoyowt xGoy06,yrl6bdyr,KoyhsG9yr -6boyrgdkh d5;y;KoyhsK,yr,5b'yrsK,yr ,5boyx:9yr
99yr-;yhm5boyj-6boyrc]h 06,yr0;yh0wKrpuh xGoyv:oy9K'yr? ]:dyj'6b9yhd,ydboyrs^Pyrv;y dK'yx:9yr0Koyr )S_ g0H;G'yr05b;yrowtc]h
gdkh s<9yh,kr';yh'6oyr]w:9wr]C'yr,5b;yh _2*2 d5ory s;yrd,yhz:'hy ;K'yr-5'b hy xC9hy / xwK-yh. syh> 06,ry 0'yjp5boytdoyh,krp;yt?
Q*? s;yr9'yr,59yr;K'yr-5b'yh0:,yr/ l'y;khs;yr
vb'yo5b;yl6bdyr,Koyh v;ysC'yrl6bdyr;C9yt 0:,yr0y.,Koyhgl p:,yr;K'yr-5b'yhc9t -;y-y.h lG'y-;yjs<dyh Z(2(2Q*X

2 Vol. 22, No. 219, 2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 2 22/6/2548, 19:06


INDEPENDENCE
=yfhxlyf;wGifjxmrf
0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT c]h 0;yh-6oys,5 yj

mK,y x6boyzK;yjd:oyrg-k/ 9'yh]5'yx:'y06b'yh ,kr9'yhlzkrxkH]uH,oyHv;y,'b5 ry 9wr
05b;yrowt xGoy;oyr]y.-khM? s;yrd9yrpGoyow ,oyrg9dwd.kj9bdyr
9:xjy x6o
b z y K;yj @)2%2Q* 9'yh]5'xy ': 0 y 'b6 hy 9bdry ? ,oyrv,yj,ur9K'yrl'ym'C hy p;y/t
#*2$2Q*? x6b'yhvb'y95;y0;yhd;yjv;yd:oyrg-kS
mK,y oy.r06,yrx:'y06b'yhowt,ur]wKgdkT/ z5h]y. 9Cxyr99yr,kr05b;ytow?
sKxyjdKoyawKj]y.]wK]wK-khM? mK,y 06,yrx:'y06b'yhowt sG9yrs6b;y]5bdyh9'yh-kh/
9:xjy ,ur @) gdkT Z9kj @# gdkTxwj]K9yh ]wKr]5bdyh,ur05b;yts6b;yM? 0;yh-6oys^,yj 0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT
]whX oy.r,5b'yrgdkhv:dyj,kr # gdkT? 9:xjy dGxyrlwK,wKd5oyr]5'yvoy-y.h]whd:oyrg-k
@T 0;yhl5b;y-KoyjakT xGoy0:,y06b'yh gl9Cxyr99yr/ ]GxyhsGoyr95Pyrd5oyr 9:xjy ,Cohy p5j s;yrd.kj95'b jy xK'yjd5ory awKj,wK,uh
(President or Head of State) ,5b'yr9wr *( g0H;G'yrooyt %_ g0H x5b'yx6b'yr constitutional law ;kh gxkr
#T -6ol y 'C 0 y 9
C hy xGo0 y ,: z y ': ry 06'b hy (PM) ;G'yr-y.h]whd:oyrg-k/ dK'y0y.d5oyr,5b'yr-y.h zK9yjv:djy ,Koyh sG9ry d:ory g-kowt 0:'jy
$T -6osy ,^ jy xGozy ': ry ]5'ay Kw jo:dhy ,5'b ry (FM) ]whd:oyrg-k ,ur _*T)8 gxkrsdyt05b;yt lKoy-9yr,wK,uh]6,yhakTskTow/ -;y;kh
%T -6oylujskT xGoyz:'yr]5'yawKjoy.r,5b'yr 0K9yhgdkh ]5;yj0:,yrdK'y0y.d5oyr,5b'yr? v,yj-9yr/ -K;yrpK,yr,oyr96db ] ty /u d:xhy
(HM) mK,y 9kjo:dyh,5b'yrsb,yrs<,yr c]h]6,yhakT l'yow ,5boyo'yj9uh p5Hd5;yHl]xyt
*T 0;yh-5;b ry l5;b y xGoz y ': ry ]5'a y Kw jdC9jy c- ,K'y,5b'yrowt trend ,oyr,Coyh-khcojM? 9Cdyjv:dyj Federation ?
(DM) {;wKr,krxGoy0;yhm6oyrgvr} 9:xjy x5oyt,kr *S( xuowt v,yjgxkr-y.h,Coyh/ mK,y ,5;b hy @++Q xK'y]db5 hy 9'yh 06,ry s^;l y ;b5 y
mK,y vGoyrvKoyr,ur05b;yts6b;y/ d:xyhl'y 05b;yt ;wKrd.kjm5xyr0;yho5oyrv5gl s^xytd5oyr ]whmb @ oy.r,5b'yr9wr? ,K'ygdkT;kh ,5boy
s6b;yc]h]wh9'yh2x6boyzK;yj-khM? ]5'yx:'y06b'yhvb'yrd]G9yh s6b'y # 05;yh 9'y r -;y x G o y ]5 ' y x : ' y 0 6 b ' y h gdkT';y r
9:xjy ,oyrxGoydK'y0y.d5oyr,5b'yr/ s;yrv,yj]wh ,5'yr-6b'yh/ s;yr]K9yhcod5oyr,5b'yr9wr ,5b'yr9wr;wtp5j o6b'yhx:9yro6b'yh9:oyh?
d.kjl5oyr96,y/ d:xyh-;y96dyt-okj/ ,Koyh 96dyt-okj/ dK'y0y.-;yv,yj-y.hp5j0:,yr 9'yrvoyooyt,oyrv,yjd.kj-9yrdoy
,krp6b;yr9wKp5jd5h;oyr 9kj;oyr,5b;yr ,Koyh/ gxkrv,yjooy s;yrv,yj]wh -khskT/ ,oyrl,ytd.kjd,ytpoy05b;yts6b;yM?
okh g9sG9yrs6b;y/ s;yr,kr]GxyhsGoyr d9yrpGoy? lxyr]C'yrco-;y 05b;ytow 9:xjy v,yjlKoy-9yr/ sG9yrl'yow s;yrd.kj
95Pyr ,urp5j # ]wKr/ ]wKr,5b'yrs^,yh96,y -;ygdkh95dyr0y.gl;kh gxkrxGoydK'y0y. 95b'yjxK'yj-;yv:oy9K'yr? 0:'yj,oyr
v,yjooyv;yd:oyrg-k/ 9kjv;y]wKr d5oyr,5b'yrc9t ;oyro6b'yh0;yt0;yt s;yr 9K'y9;5 dy o 5 ry ,5'b ry c9tskT 0:'jy xkr06,ry
caj9cijowt ,oyr96o b ry v,yjxGo] y hw ? gdkhg90wh: p5j ;khow? s^;yl5b;yskTow/ s;yr;khxkrp5j? Zd5oyr
gxkrs^,hy doy9'yr06,ry 9uj,5;jy -gijluj mK,y x:'yj;khx6boyzK;yjd:oyrg-kowt ,Coyh0:,yr ]5'yxkro,yd\kT? v,yj-y.h]K9yh06b;yh
,Koyhgl sG9yrsy>h06,yrl6bdyr,Koyhdw: -K;yrpK,yr,oyrp5jM? ,oyrX?
mK,y ,5b;yh]G;y0;yh-6oym6oyrv5rc]h d5oyr
]5'y,5b'yr9wr @Q gdkTxwK ]whm6dyj06,yr
l6bdyr,Koyh-;y9bly.j-:dyh/ 05b;yrowtv,yj
d.kj96,yt95b;yt-;y-khskTM?
9:xjy v,yj96,9 ty ;b5 v
ty ,yjdkr g90K'yhd.kj,bxjy
,Koyh]5rd:oyj/ s;yrxGoy]5'yx:'y06b'yhowt
s;yrg9v;yvGoyv;ysC'yr sG9yrsy>h-;y
xw:j/ s;yrg9,bxyj-;yv5b;yh?
mK,y dkhx5oyt,kr 06,yrl6bdyr,Koyhowt Z95;y
m5xyr,ur;khX v;y]wKr]u]K9yhv5oyh
v:oyjgdkhv,yj]wh/ v;y]wKr-C'ygdkh
-;yv,yjm:,yjM?
l6bxyjokh *
xuho:'9ty rw 05;b ry ,kr,ur,5'b ry mwr codK'y09 .y d6 ry p:ory ,Koyh syh> xoydo
: ry g-k,5'b ry 9wr c]h
d,ym
t ,C ]y '5 xy ': 0y 'b6 hy 9wrx6o
b z
y K;yjd:ory g-k Zokh]6,ry z:'ry 9K'y,Koyh 9uh,5'b ry d:djy ,5'b ry mwrX Shan Herald Agency for News 3

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 3 22/6/2548, 19:06


k
2

SSNA
3
SSA

@T lwKTS-.k 0;yh-5b;yr'6boyr (SSA) / 0;yhp:9yhl6bdyr (SSA) / 0;yh0wKrpuh (SSNA) / 0;yhlC'y06,yh (SSNA)


#T 0;yhsKoy0;yhl6bdyr-;y ;K'yr95'yj,:dyj s^,yhoxytp,yp:'yhd6'yj,6oyz5hs9yrsKoy 05b;yr]5jlwK0y.d.kj x6oyh9kj05b;yt0K9yh
$T l:'y06,yrpbxyr,6b;yrs^,yhs<,yrdoy
%T gxkhc,hd5oyr,5b'yr ,kr-6boyhs<9yhxK'yxw:r ;oyr06b'yh9wr]6dytz6boyt ,5b;yhl:'y06,yrs^,yhs<,yrdoy
4 *TVol.z522,
ho,yrNo.
vbdyjz5219,
h,ur0oy t (SSA) d,yhz:'yh
2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 4 22/6/2548, 19:06


l6bxyj,kr $ INDEPENDENCE
9:xjy 9kjs;yrxGov y o G xy o
G sy 'C ry gld.kj]K9yh 9:xjy #S$ ,56b'yrgdkh]whp;yt/ gxkr]whxkr UK m5xyrd\xoyjmC'yh? gxkrp;yt g9d.kj
g9kj9'yr,Koyhowt s;yr]5;yj,ur]5'yx:'y -Coyr]u/ s;yrx6b'yhvb'y-;y/ d:xyh-;ypK,yh m5xyrai'yjlG9yh zCoydKoy;wtp;yt?
06b'yh? gxkrv,yjooy-;yv,yjm:,yj? ,krv6xytx5b'yj,5b'yrs;yr/ -;ys^T]:'yh,5b'yr mK,y oyr. 06,ry l6db ry 06,ry dKoy,'b5 ry 9K'yj0K;yr
mK,y 06,yrl6bdyrvoy p6b;yr,Koyhp5j ,5boy 9wr/ voyg9]whv:o9 y K'yrowt g9xGoy -5;b ry ;kT x]:'hy xv5;ry d5;ry dK'y0 t ;b5 ry owt
RCSS/SSA owt 0:'yj-;yhxkr/ 0:'yj-;y UK Zvb'yrd]G9yhX gxkrv,yj ]whgdkh 0:'yj-;yg9p:,yrsxytz:,yt0:,yr]whM?
0;yhsoy]ud,ytmC,y-khM? v,yjxGoyl'y? 9:xjy d:xyhx5b;yhs;yr-6dyr0y.]wh-;yc]h9'yh
9:xjy s;yr-y.hm5xyr s^;yx;yh]5'y s6b'yokjp;yt/ mK,y ,5b'yrvoy-;yhxkroy.r UNPO 05b;yrowt ]5'yx:'y06b'yh sGdyh06b;yh;kh,5b'yrs^,yh96,y
-;ygdkh-y.hm5xyr/ sy>hs;yr-6boyhd.kjo5b;y]w:/ 0:'yj,ur voyp:,yrsxytM? 06b'yh9wr FSS voyxkrd5h0K;yr-5b;yr?
s;yrl,yv t ,yj-6o b hy ]wh/ d:xhy x5;b hy -;y9db6 ry 9:xjy ,urv5b;yh ,5b'yrx:9yr Baltic $ ,5b'yr (Es- ,5;b hy @+## ooygt dkhxGo,y 'b5 ry 0;yhakT
doy/ gxkrs;yrd.kj-,y9uhx6oyt s;yrv,yj tonia, Lithuania, Latvia)/ East Timor $( ,5b'yr xkr9'yr0;yhakT ;kT x]:'yh
]5'yr,kr]wh dKoys;yrg9]6,59yr/ s;yr gdkh]Cxhy g9]wh? xv5;yr mo6 d5;yrdK'yt v,yj,urxoysk
0'yj;kh lxyr]C'yrsy>h d5oyrp6,yjp,y mK,y d,yhz:'yhm9yrlK'y;kh 95bdyh9uhg9 l'y/ 0;yhakT-;y-;yhdoy d5oyr,5b'yr
SNA

voyx': jy 0yg. l,kr? ,oyr0;yh;kh v,yj 0K'yh,ur,5b'yrd,yhz:'yhp:,yrsxytgl9kT -;yhdoy,ru ]:'hy ]:9hy ]C;ry ? d,yrowst ;yr
,urxoyskl'y? gxkr,5b'yrsb,yrs<,yr05b;yr0,ys;yr v,yj g9]whsG9yrx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr voy,ur
mK,y pK'yrz5bdyj/ pK'yr]C'y/ -6oylkj/ 06,yr p:,yrsxytowt p5;ys;yrv,yj0K'yhsG9yr ]:'yh zG'yjxG'yrdoy gxkr-;y-y.hmK'yj
0G'yj;boyr NCGUB -;ygdkh9'yh]5'y l'y/ x5b'y-6bdyt,oyr,5boy,5b'yrc-j/ ASEAN m5,b o y w s;yr]K9yhco]wh;kh sK'yhy sCory
x:'y06b'yh,kr? 9'yr9wr,kr9'yh,y.j x6boy + ,5'b ry d,ym
t ,C 0
y h:w ,Koyh;wp
t j5 c]h 0:'jy ;wt05b;ytow?
zK;yjd:ory g-kowt ,oyrxCdjy x5'b hy doy0;b5 ty g9v,yjpKxyjs6b;yM? mK,y d,yr]6o b ry l69ry -yh. l'yj]K9yhl'y-khM?
s6b;yM? 9:xjy v,yjpKxyj/ gxkr]whvb'ry d]G9hy Zv,yj 9:xjy -y.hsy>h05b;yrp5jo:dyh,5b'yroy.r,5b'yr z:,ytlG'y
9:xjy gxkr;khc9t,oyr pK'yrz5bdyj/ pK'yr ]w h gdkhv,y j xG o y l 'y X c]h $S% xG'yrxKdyjdoy/ voy96bdyt',yr';yrp5j
]C'y/ NCGUB -;y x5boyhl,ytgxkr9'yh ,5b'yrp;ytow -;y05b;yrowtv,yj,dyr,oyh 05b;yrooyt lxyr]C'yrco-;y;kh gxkr
,krp;yt/ d6b9yr9wrd5Pyrxwj]wh9'yh/ s;yr s;yrv,yj]wh/ ASEAN 9'yr c-j v,yj s;yrv,yjv;ypK,yr]G;y d5;y96b;yt9K'yr
p5xyhp:,yrc9tc9t/ d:xyhs;yrv,yj,ur p:,yrsxytgdkh -;yg9v,yjpkT? ,oyr]69hy d.kj/ 0;yh;Koyh0;yh,5'b ry gdkh
]5'yx:'y06b'yhc]h ,Koyh,kr9Gdyr9G'y mK,y 9kj,5b'yrmwr/ d\xoyj/ c-j/ EU 05b;yrowt ]5'yr]K9yh 0;yhogirl5oygdkh]5'yr
mK'yj]Gdo ty ;b5 sy ;yr sC,9 y Kw p5j9bdry 9bdry ,urd5oyr9kjd.kjdxyrl6bxyjp:oyrsy>hx5boyh ]K9yh/ gxkrl5v,yjsG9yrxuowt]5boyowt
ooytgdkhxkrvoyo6b'yh/ voy-y.hx5dyr p:,yrsxytp;yt-khgokhM? ,oyrg9v,yj,ur;oyr,oyrp;ytow? u
9'yh]5'yx:'y06b'yhowt0G,y,5b;yhxudwK d5Pyr 9:xjy ;oyrmb ##2% owt 0;yho5ory v5 g9d.kj
v,yjskd5oyr]5'y]wh/ 9kjd.kjdxyrl6bxyj
]wh9K'yro:dyh,5b'yr/ ,5boy-6oylkjx5dyr d5oyr + gdkT + -kjcdj ska6boyrcljd5oyrg,khv,yj,ur
9'yhx6boyzK;yjp;ytd.kjowt ,oyr,5boyawr
z5b'yrd5Pyrokj/ d,yrowt pK'yrz5bdyj gdkh
-;ysG9yrooy]5r/ v,yj,urvoy9b9yr
9K,y0:,yr/ pK'yr]C'ygdkh05b;ytooy/
NCGUB 0G'yj;boyr-;ygdkh l,yt9Cdyj
doy/ owKrl6d\uj l,ytd.kj,uroy.r-:dyh9bdyr
9bdyrow g9sG9yrs6b;yxGoydKoy?
mK,y p6,yjp,y;khg9v,yj,5boy-;yM?
9:xjy v,yj,5boy/ voys;yrsK'yhsCoyr;wt owt]u
]5b;y-;yc9tc9t/ o:dyh,5b'yrd,yhz:'yh
gdkhsxyts<'yrp5j?
mK,y 9uhgvjl69yr voyg9p:,yrsxyt,dyr
,oyh]5'yx:'y06b'yh s;yrowt,ur,:dyh]wK,5b'yr
-khM?

Shan Herald Agency for News 5

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 5 22/6/2548, 19:06


k
=yfhxlyf;wGifjxmrf

0;yh0wKrpuh z5hv:oys^;y SSNA c]h


0;yhlC'0y ,6 hy 9uh]w:9wr]C'yr
#@T*TQ* ;oyr05b;yt0K9yh06b'yh9wr]6dytz6boyt

mK,y ';yr]wKr9xyt06,yr (j @(j @+ -;y xGoy mK,y voy0;yhdoyjo-;y ;K'yr-5b'yhd.kj,5b;yh


05b;yts6b;y-khM? ;oyrmb (j@#2%2Q* ooyt xGosy ;b6 cy 9t
9:xjy ]5b;ygld6'yj-5b;yr Z9xyt06,yr @+X c9t c9t-khM?
96db p
ty xb ry d6,ry 0bl'yj]whd5h9xy0 t ,6 ry p5j? 9:xjy ,oyrmK'yj;kh gxkrvKxyhd:'yhxoy9uh 0;yh0wKrpuh
mK,y ]:'yh0;yhd6'yj-5b;yr-;y ;K'yr-5b'yhd.kjowt ,Koyh +S@Q ];yrgdkhg9p;yp t ;ty ow
,oyrxGoy05b;yts6b;yc9tc9t-khM? d.kh? ,oyr96dry p:ory ;kh gxkrp6;b ry gdkh mK,y l'y;kh0;yhdKoyrp:9yh 96bdyt,urp5jow
9:xjy l6bdyr,Koyhgdkh9Gdyr'Coyr/ ]:'yh,Kdyh,ur p6b;yr0w:hdoylG'yhlG'yh9'yr,59yr xkr doyjo d6'jy -5;b ry -;y 0:'jy g90K'yhxGoy
l6ojy 95;-y ;ygdkhxwjzkh]whooyo t kj? 9'yr SSA x:9ry s<'jy ?-khgdkhv,yj9Cxry d.kj9K'yj]wKrM?
mK,y z5h,ur0oytdK'y 9xyt06,yr @+ xkh9y.h 99yr]wh v,yj9K'y9;5 ] y hw / mC'hy ;oyr 9:xjy 0K'yhxGop y j5 / ]:'hy ;K'yr-5'b hy gdkh 0K'yh
0;yhd6'jy -5;b ry 05;b ry owt ,K'ygdkT05;b ry xwj,ur o6b'yh @*2%2Q* -khgdkh-6boyr 0bl'yj xGop y j5 ?
]:'yhl6oyj95;ysK;yhsC'yr p'yjsKdyh]6bdyt sy>h -l] x:,y;oyr c]h vb'yj9kj-;y mK,y 0;yh,krs^,yhs<,yr9'yr 0;yhp:9yhl6bdyr
ooyt]5r v,yj]5b;y]wh0;yhd6'yj-5b;yr d.kj05r9xyt-;y9uh,5b'yrdC9yh ,5b'yrgpk? owt ]whsxyt9oyrsG'yrl'y-khM?
glxkrd.kj0:,yrskT/ xGoy05b;yts6b;y-khM? d:xyh]6dyhg,r-;yl,yt ,ur9uhd6oyd:dyj 9:xjy v6xjy doyxjw p;yt g9,urxK'yd,6 m y 'C hy p5j/
9:xjy v,yj]5b;y]whd6'yj-5b;yrc]h xkrd.kj0:,yr g0Hv5 0:,ry 0;yhdoyjo 9xydt ': dy 9 b6 ry s^,hy s<,ry c9ts,^ hy s<,ry doyp;t?y d5Pry dkh
gl dKoyl6oyj95;y-;ygdkh g9,ur;wt p5jd,yhz:'hy p6,jy p,yx,: ;y oyrooyo t kj? g9sG9ry l'y]hw owooyt g9]Gxhy sGory
vb9yrv:9yrp5j? ,oyr;khg9d.kj9uhd5ory l6db ry gdkh v,yj 95Pyr';yr]wKrd:oyj?
d.kj? ,Koyh-;yhd.kj05r0;yhdoyjogdkh mK,y ;wKr0;yhv:dyj-wKrlb,yj ,5b;yh +2%2Q*
l,ytsy>hs^PyrmC'yh 06,yro6b'yhp;yt06,yr -6boyhd.kj]w:-5b;yrp;yt 9'yr06,yrlC'ydC;yt
o6b'yhsG9yrow? 0Kdyh]5'y-;ygdkh d6b9yr dxyrl6bxyj]K9yhdoyl'ymC'yh-khM?
xC9yhgl v,yj0K'yhdxyrl6bxyjdoy? 9:xjy ]:'yh95dyr]5'yrc9t v,yj,url'y -;y
mK,y 06,yrdoyjo ;K'yr-5b'yhd.kjc]h 06,yr 96dyrp:oyrpkjoC9yh96bdyr-6boyr/ z5h
d6'yj-5b;yr-;y;K'yr-5b'yhd.kjowt ]wKr,Koyh d:ory 95'b ry ,Koyhgdkhl'yj,kr9uh 0;yh]w:
-;ysG9yrx5b'yhdoy05b;yts6b;yM? ,K;yr;kh sy>h,krp5j-6boyr,5boyd;yj/ 95;y
9:xjy 9uh0;yhd6'jy -5;b ry owt ;oyrmb @+2*2Q* -khc9tv,yjm5xyr]whp;yt? 06,yrs;yr
-;ygxkr96b9yr0KdyhlwK]5,yrp;yt? s;yr -6o
b ry c,r-:9jy z:9hy 0;yhl6db ry g-j,bojy
gdkhv,yjs^T';yr]wKrs^;ypw:h,oyr? xGoz y h5 v:djy okh/ xyT. ;oyro6'b hy p;y;t oyr
mK,y 9xytl6bdyr SSNA owt ;wKrgl0;yhl6bdyr o6'b hy gdkhd5ory s;yrv,yj]whm5xry 9uhp5j
]5'ydKoyrp:9yhlG'yhd.kj ';yr]wKrgdkh 9uhdbosy ;yrgdkh,Koyh,krpkTxC9hy lG'hy ?
]Cdyh]wKh,krc]h ,ur]:'yh96,ytp:oyh,kr mK,y d5oyr]5'y06,yr SSA x:9yrs<'yj-;y0;yh
ooyt 0:'yj;kh]wh-khM? 06,yrlC'ydC;ytowt xGoy;wt';yr]wKr05b;yts6b;y
9:xjy ;kh]whp5j/ d5PyrdkhlGoyh9K'yr gxkj] -khM?
luj,Koyhgdkh]Cdyh]wKh,kr/ ,oyrv,yj 9:xjy ';yr]wKr-;y]K,yrpKxyjokj/ d5Pyrdkh
0;yhlC'y06,yh ,5boyd;yj? 0y.sdyt05b;yt0K9yhc9t ,urp5jd5hgdkT?

6 Vol. 22, No. 219, 2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 6 22/6/2548, 19:07


INDEPENDENCE
0;yhxK'yj/ 0:'yj'boyr-khcojM?
9:xjy gxkr-;yv6xyjd6,ydoyc9t v;ydoy;kh
p5j/ gxkrv,yjv6xyjdoyc9t s^T;khgdkT
9K'yrp;yt?
mK,y 9:oyh SSPC owt gxkr0;yhs;yr-;yv:dyj
,krp;ytgdkh x:'yj;kh v,yj,urp;ytow
;kh]whp5j-khp5;ytM?
9:xjy ;kh]whgvkh/ ,ur # 06,yrd5Pyrokj/
gxkr06,ry o6'b hy v:djy gdkh d69 b ry 06,ry ]G;y
doyjo d6'yj-5b;yr
d5Pyr]5r SSPC v,yj,urp;ytgdkh JAC
lw K 'w K 9K'y r okhow t v,y j 0K'y h ]K,y r gdkhv,yj,urp;yt? z5hsdyt0K9yh ]wK,5j]wK06,yr vb'yo5b;y
]wh/ 0K'yhxGoy]whd5h]wKr? mK,y l'y0;yhs;yr d.kjp5j9uhs^;y0y.,Kdyj9k ';yr]wKrxGoy,kr05b;yts6b;y-khM?
mK,y lwK'wK0K'yhxGoy]wh ,5boyo'yj-;yhm5boyj/ d5oyrl6bdyr d5oyr,5b'yr95Pyrow soym6b'y 9:xjy p5j9uh s;yr-khc9t g9-9yr0y. -9yr
;K'yr-5b'yh/ sG9yrxuj960b9yt Z,Koyhxoy ]:'hy d69
b ry l6db ry ow,t KoyhvurxGo/y 9uhs;yr g-krgl l6bxyjpbxyrd:'yhdK'yjg9kjl5h
l6oyj]wh sG9yrskdboyxwKr,Kdyh,url6oyj v,yj,ur9K'yrzb9ry /,KoyhsG9ry xGocy ]h d.kj 0:,yro'yjd5oyr,5b'yrs;yr-y.hsG9yr -y.h
95;yX voy]y.]CxyhxGoy]who,y-khM? s;yrgdkh]whv:dyjm5boyj g9kjl5h-6boyr? xGoy/ -y.hl'yjm6b'y 05b;yrd6b9yr9K'yro:'yh
9:xjy owtgdkhv,yj0K'yh]K,yr]wh? d,yho,yg9;5oyt,5boys6b;y-khM? 9K'yr]'y;kh pkjgxp:,yrdKoyt/ ;wt0y.
mK,y voy]hw 'bory ,krc9t 9xy0 t ,6 ry @ 0;yh 9:xjy d,yho,ysoy]u ]wh0y.p5j? dCoyjdCoyj-C'y-C'yg9kjl5hd.kj/ 9K'yj,5j
l6bdyr]5'yxK'yjakTc9t 96boyrg9v,yj mK,y d,yhz:'yhd,yhgvj0K'yh,wh0y. d5;y,5boy 9K'yj06,ry gdkhsyh> 0G;ry s^T95;/y x5o
b hy g9
p:,yr;K'yr-5b'yh ,5boy06,yrdoyjo-;y ;kh ,5b;yhxu +(S+) gxkr,urxK'y96bdyr,kr sG9yrs6b;yo5b;ys;yrooyt 06,yrs;yrowtxGoy
05b;ytow/ d5oyr]5'ylC'ydC;yt ,5boyo'yj ,Koyhm5;ry l6db ry gskh]6xb hy v;y;KoyhsK,yr 95;ypK'yj Pkrs^;y9urs^;y]K'yr,oyr/
0;yh]w:,K;yr 0;yhdwKjakT 0;yhpkrxuj l5oysK,yr 0:'yj0K'yhxGoy]wh-khM? v;y0,6 ry s;yrowst 9G ry 9:ohy l:osy T^ 95;y
0;yh0wKr95r 0;yhd:'9 y rw 0;yh0wKrsKoy 9:xjy 0K'yhxGo] y hw p5j? doygld,yr? q
l6bdyr-;y 05b;yrowtgdkh v,yjgxkr,5boy mK,y ,urd.K,yraKdyjm6b'y gxkhc,hd5oyr,5b'yr

,y.jl6'y 1 sy>hp5j]u,ur'6boyr
-:'y-y.h;kh,ur'6boyr,ur'6boyr
ow9bdyr9bdyr]5r?
gxkr'6boyro,y-,yr]5b'yj,kr
zy.g9'5b;yhgl-y.h-;yhm5boyj?
d;y,urgdkh d;y-y.hp5j
oy.r;G'yrd5Pyrv5b;yhg,kT

d:xyh,y.jl6'y,ur'6boyr
Shan Herald Agency for News 7

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 7 22/6/2548, 19:07


k
22/05/2005

=yfhxlyf;wGifjxmrf =OfyOfjvlif RCSS


qOfj,Gwfjokduf;
mK,y d69
b ry l6db ry doy0;5 hy -K;yr9'yr 06,ry ;5Py 9:xjy ,5ob ;y P
5 gy l\kjd'yr/ ;5Pgy l\kjpb'-y ;yotw 06b;yh-wKlG'y-;y xoy-K;yjmwr2vg,jib
gl\kjd'yr @)@ owt ,ur]:'yh95dyr]5'yr m:,yjlwK]5,yrd5Pyr/ -;yv,yj,krm9yr doyj/ 0:'jy m6djy ]ucdhxoy sy>h,ur]:'yh
doy-khskT/ d:xyhl'yc]hd6b9yrd.kjM? lK'y/ ]5;yj96bdyrv5b;yhow sCoyrl6bdyr-;yh 0,y0y.doy,krM?
9:xjy d:xyh-;y9wKo,y/ ,K9yj0Gxyro,y l6bdyr ,kr? 9kT¤6'ty 9xy0 t ,6 ry #@% gdkh pK,yh 9:xjy voy;khs;yrl5'yj-K;yjxoymwr/ xoyv
-;ygdkh v,yj-y.hp6b;yrc]h d6b9yrd.kj? 9C,hy ]bdhy ,krz6ob o y 'b6 hy / voyxo G py j5 owt g,jibdoyjowooyt ,oyrv,yj0y.h? -;y
s;yrgdkhv,yj-y.h96bdyr v,yj-y.hzG;yh-;y @)@ d5Pyr v,yj-y.hsy>h]K,yrxkrdoy/ ]5;jy sxy/t d5ory mwrd.kjsG9ry dKoypj5 0:,ry
c]h 0'yjv,yjv;ys'C ry l6db ry ]6xb hy 0:,ry / s;yrv6xjy doy]hw p5j/ s;yrgdkh;w0 t 0.y ;yh -;yooyt xGoylwK-K;yj]xytvoy-;yv,yj
gxkrl6bxyj96bdyrlb,yr0:,yrc9t -;yg9 ,5o
b 9y rw gdkT? ]wKr-;ys9 G ry owt ,oyrv,yj s^T,ur9'yro,y/ v,yj0y.h;kh -K;yj06b;yh
v,yjd6b9yrl'y/ gxkr-;yv,yjc9jv:oy ]u/ s;yrgdkhs^Tp5j/ ,oyr,5boyxGoyzCoy o;yh-;y96bdytv:dyj,5b;yh SSA ,kr9'yhowt
9K'yr,oyrs6b;yd5b9yj-6boyh,kr? dKoy @)@ d5Pyr v,yj0y.hzCoydKoy d5Pyr? ;wKrxKoy-6oylkjp;yt ]:'yhpkh
mK,y ;wKrd6b9yrl6bdyrdoyowt ]:'yh9b9yrg9kj x;yrpG;yj-\C'y? ,;yrd,yx5boyh;kh-;ysG9yrd,yho,y/ 9uh
xK'ylK'yr0:'yj,ur-khcojM? mK,y ';yh'6ory xK'ylK'yr ,krm9yrlK'y9P 5 ry UWSA owt s;yr9C,yh]bdyhd.kjp;yt $
9:xjy -;y99 b ry g9kj,krp5jd,yro6'b hy / syh> d69
b ry ';yr]wKrgl sK,yh @)@ v,yjxGoy]wh z6ob /y 0G,,y ;b5 hy #QQ# ]K9yh;kh pK,yr
l6bdyrdoy/ -kh;khs'yr-;y gxkrxwjm:oy -khskTM? ]G;y x5boyhg9v;y pkh,;yrd,yx5;yts^;y
l6bdyr,59yr,59yrc9t xwj0K'yhv6xyj/ -;y 9:xjy d,yr]6boyrowt-;ysK,yhv5b;yh/ -;ygdkhs<'yt l50;yh/ ,Koyhg9v;y]:'yhowt ,bxyjl5
p:oyr,kr]:w9wr]C'yr s;yrv,yjxoy,kr/ xK'yd,6 dy oy9hu ;Koyhs6'hy / 9K'yrsoym'b6 y 0;yh/ gxkrs;yrs^,yhdoyl:'y06,yr zG;yh
m:oyl6bdyr,59yr,5b;yh]y. v6xyjdoy,5b;yh v,yj,5boydoy/ xK'ylK'yr;kh v,yjm6dyj ,5Pytpkh,;yrd,ygl sC,y,Koyhow pkh
ooyt/ gxkrxwjm:oyl6bdyr,59yr x:'yj;kh ]u]hw 96db ry 9wr? ;5Pgy l\kjpb'y -;yl,yt ,;yrd,yowt g9d.kj95dyrly.j s^;y,Koyh/
xK'y96bdyrxwjp;yt? ;kh ]5;jy ]wh96db ry xC9hy / d:xhy -;ypkTd;yr ,Koyhg9v;y06,yrl50;yhowt ]K'ytokh
mK,y m:ol y db6 ry voy;khowt 0:'jy ]K9yhxkr;kh s;yr ;khow? ,oyr?#QQ$ mC'hy z6o b oy 'b6 hy ;kh ';yr]wKr
95'yj9K'yjd.K'yhdCxyhdkhs6b;yM? mK,y lwK'wK9K'yrokh 0:'yjg90K'yhxGoyxK'y ]Cdyh]wKh,krowt s;yr]u;K'yrzCoy 9kj
9:xjy m:oy-6boyrsy>h,oyr,5boyd;yj ,5boy,5b;yhlG'y 96bdyrmC'yh-khM? s^,yhdoy,5b;yrokh/ l50;yhv;yz5h9K'y
d:'yhxwj9Cdyj/ v,yj0y.hsy>h,5b;yr -6boyr,5b'yr 9:xjy 0K'yhxGoy/ d:xyh,Koyhp:dyh,:oyj-;yclj 95;y,kr;wt9uhs;yrgdkh]u/ s;yrd.kj;wt9uh
-;y? gxkrxwjm:oygdkh ,5b;yh]G;yxGoy -;y9bdyr9bdyr/ sG9yrl'y v,yjs9yr l50;yhgdkh]u ,url'y,kr s;yrv6xyj
okhl6db ry d5Pry o'yjd;yj/ zy-. h.y ,'yz,.y ;b5 hy p6b;yr/ l5d5;yl'y/ gxkrv,yjp6b;yrgdkh doy/ owtgdkhpK,yh9C,yh? ;wKr-boyjP6oyt
]y.gdkh]wh/ -;yd6b9yrd.kjgdkh ,oyrxwj ]5;yjm:oy,5b;yr,59yr,59yr? -;ygdkh,ur 95dry gdkh9C,hy mC'hy z6o b oy 'b6 hy / ;oyro6'b hy
-;yhI9kr? xoyskp5j d5PyrdkhxK'y96bdyrc9toy.rxu ,kr ,Koyhg9,kr,bxyjl50;yh? ,:'yjgvr
mK,y s^;ys6xyh';yr]wKrokhl6bdyr 9'yrl6bdyr;kT #QQ* owt _Q8 0K'yhd5b9yj-6boyhp5j? owt,oyrg9v,yjp:,yr? gxkrxGoyxK'y
owtxGoys6b;y-khM? mK,y voy;kT-;ycor;kh 06,yrl6bdyr9wr-kT 96 b d y r ,kr sy > h gxkr0K'y h 0w : h doy o oy t

8 Vol. 22, No. 219, 2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 8 22/6/2548, 19:07


INDEPENDENCE
s;yr]5;yj]5'yt]C'yrdoy;wt/ dxyrl6bxyj-;y d.kj]wh ';yr]wKrswKT0kT]5b;y xKoy-6oy ]C'yr,5boy0;yh0wKrpuhow vGoysC'yrs;yr
]:'yh]u,kr9kjglj/ -;ygdkhv,yj9:xyj lkj/ xKoy-6oylkjowt p'yr,ur9K'yr 9kj,5b;yrokh d5oyr,5b'yr]wh0y.py.jmC'yh
,kr? v:dyj/ d5Pyrdkh -6oylkjv,yj0y.hd5oyr 9'yro,y/ ,Koyhowt s;yrs^Toy.rs^To:dyh
mK,y ]:'yh9'yh]5'yx:'y06b'yh x6boyzK;yjd:oyr s9yrsKoyc]h ,oyrv,yjcdhxoysk -;y]u/ l'ys;yr,krz:,ytdoyg-khlG9yh
g-kooyt soym6b'yxGoy05b;yts6b;yM? ]wh/ s;yrp6,jy p,y;khxuho:';ty kT sdy0t ;b5 ty dKoy ,5 b ' y r g9]w h o,y ] 5 b ; y d khx5 o y t , kr
9:xjy -kh;khc9t 9'yh]5'xy ': 0 y 'b6 hy owv
t ,yj0yh. -5b;yr/ o,tyd9ytl6bdyr,uro,y? ,oyrxGoy l'y ; khv;y v G o y s C ' y r g9kjl5 h sC ' y r
dKoy'wKh/ -K;yrpK,yrgdkhxwjm6b'y? pK'yr 0K;yr-5b;yroy.r,5b'yr9wr-5b;yro6b'yh/ s;yr s;yrgdkho,y]5b;yxKoy-6oylkj/ l,yt;kh
]C'9 y 'yh]5'xy ': 0 y 'b6 hy ,krv,yjsG9ry l'y xC9yhdoyv,yj]wh/ s;yr96boyrg9]wh s;yrxwj,urokh]boyx59yrx:wjgdkh dKoy
]wh ,ur,5b'yr]y.,kr0w:h/ x5boyhxwj0w:h s;yr -;yhskdoy/ voyzb9yr2m6dyj x5oyt,kr ,5b'yrs;yrg9-6boyh/ voyd5oyr,5b'yr9wr
]5;jy 06dry o5;b -y ks;yrd:ojy ? 9'yh]5'xy ': y 9K'yr]'y05b;yrowt s;yrdkh]wh;K'yr-.K'yt ,6'yh,:'yrooyt v,yjs6b'y96boyrxGoy]wh
06b'yhowt pkj;kh06,yrpbxyrd:'yhdK'yjpw:h xoydoy? d;y-khp6,jy p,y0;b5 o ty /w -yh. aKdyjm6'b -y ;y
pwh: pC,ry pC,ry 05;b ry ow/t oyr. d5ory ,5'b ry gdkh 0;yh05;b o ty ?w
u l:'yowt ]5'yx:'y06b'yh9wr 0;yhl5b;y-Koyj
p'yr]5;yj]whv6xyjd6,y/ d5oyr,5b'yrs;yr
akT-;y x6boyzK;yjd:oyrg-kooyt ]uoxyt 2
voy,ur9K'yrs^Tsoyd.K'yh ,uro,y]5r?
lK'yh95Pyr;kh s;yrg9sG9yr]wh vuh
v6xjy d6,9 y 'b5 jy xK'yjdoyp;yt m6djy ]us9 G ry
l'y,d: hy s6;b /y pkjgx]Cody o
5 ry ,5'b ry / s;yr
l'yogw 9,ur,kr/ ,oyrsG9ry syh> ,Koyhz:,ty
sG9yrl'yxoyd5oyr,5b'yr]whc9t/ g9
doy;rw / ,Koyhz:,;ty rw dkhs6;b gy dkh s;yrPkr
sG9yr]whp5jskT/ ,url'ygdkhs;yrv6xyj
dbody khooy?t
v5;yrdoyp;yt 0'yjdw:hsG9yr?
mK,y ]wKr]ul69yr9kj]5'yx:'y06b'yhowt g9
0K'yhxGoy]wKr]y.-khM? u SSNA 0;yh0wKrpuh9'yr RCSS s^,yh
9:xjy p5j9uh;kh -;y0;yh,uro,tdy 9yt sG9ry co s<,yrdoyowt s;yrgdkhpK,yhxGoy9wrgdkT
]whl'y/ sxytx6oyhz:oyr o5b;y9'yrlG'yh doy,kr/ s;yr96boyrxGoy06,yr]G;ydoy?
]whdkhs6;b o y oydt P 5 ry ? -y.hsy>hl6bdyrsKoy z5h,ur0oyt 05b;yrd6b9yr
mK,y dG;jy ]5Phy ';yr]wKr;oyr,5;b hy owdt Koyz,: ty 9K'yr]'y-;y,ru 0y-. 'C y 0ys. dy0t K9yho,y
s^,yh/ ]:'yhokhl6bdyr06,yr;5Pygl\kjd'yr o,y/ SSA 06,yr0;yh]w:,K;yr-;ygdkh
@)@/ ]:'yh]5'yx:'y06b'yh9wr/ ]:'yh0;yh dkh-y.hv:oyh;:oyr9uh,Koyh 05b;yts6b;ygdkh
0wKrpuh,kr05;b ry owt s^;sy x6 hy ,oyr-yh. p:ory ]uS p6,jy p,y;kh,Koyhg9v,yjxwj: ]5,?y @2 okhl6bdyr voyg9kjokh9xyt @)@
l'yj]K9yh05b;yts6b;yM? ]usK'yhsCoyraK'ytl9b05b;yts6b;ygdkh-6b'y ;5Pygl\kjd'yr
9:xjy -yh. l'yj]K9yhxuho:';ty kTc9t pkjsyh> xGoy ;wr;wr? s^Tp5j;khg9]whd.kj95dry -:dhy gdkh #2 ,Kdyj]5'y voyl6bdyr;5Pygl\kjd'yr-;y
-5b'yh,6b;yr,Koyh/ 9kj9K'yrv:dyj]:9yh ]5;yjv;y95;y]:9yh;wtd:oyj? pkjp:,yr p6b;yr,kr
s;yr]5;jy s^,hy doy/ v;ydKoy,'b5 ry ;khgdkh xoy,Koyh9b-'y-d: hy ? ,wh0y0 . ,: ry -;y0;yh/ $2 -5b'yh-5;yrc]h,Kdyj,6b;yh06boyrpK,yr
95bdyh;wt/ 9K'yrc-j2]K;yr2mwr -;yv,yj l'y;kh-;y0;yhs9yrx69yr-K9yj9Cdyj voyp6b9yr]whz:'yrxK'y96bdyr
1 3

Shan Herald Agency for News 9

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 9 22/6/2548, 19:07


k cmOfbyGwf;

m6b'y2
z5h9wj: s<dhy
vdufj,dkefjql;
k
-khs;yrp:ory ]K9yhco9K'yrsoym'b6 /y dG;jy ]5Phy dKoyvx6 jy ]K9yhx:'jy -K;yjgxkhc,hd5ory
,5b'yr? voyd5oyrdkTpkh,kr96bdyrp6b;yr9xytl6bdyr06b'yh9wr (SSA) owt/ pkjgx]K9yh;kh06,yrl6bdyr
;kT (UWSA) xK'ylK'yr,kr96bdyrs;yrSow]kr]kr? 95bdyh9uhxGoyc9tgdkh s;yrm6dyj]wh]K9yh
;kh06,yrdkTpkh 06,yr;5Pygl\kjd'yr 9'yrl6bdyr,Koyhow9bdyr9bdyrd5Pyr/ 06b;yhlG'yl6bdyr,Koyh
s<,yr0:,yr06,yrpkh,;yrd,y v:dyjczho,ydkhs6b;y]udkhooyt?
z:oyr]u,oyrvoys;yrg9]wh
x]bdyhmwr9bP:xyr
Z@X x5boyhg9soy;kh s;yrlKoy-9yrpkh,;yrd,y/ v,yj0y.hd5oyrdkTpkh? 0;yh,sklK'yr
Z#X x5boyhg9;5oyt;kh s;yrv,yj]wh0Cdyjcz0K;yr-5b;yr 9'yrxuho:'yt;kT? ,5b;yh )2%2Q* ooyt 0;yhokh9uhmwr
Z$X gxkr06b;yhlG'y;kT v,yjgxkrl5hv:dyjxGoy-K;yj x5boyhgdkhg9;5oyt;kh oy.r06b'yh9wrs;yr awKjpkh,;yrd,y9'yrx]bdyh-;y d.kj9bP:xyr
v,yjgxkr,url6bdyr]wK,5j]wK06,yr? 0;yh,sklK'yr Z(Q xuX 9uhx:dl ty oylKw r/ o:dhy
gxkrs;yr;khl6bdyr;kT9'yrs;yr96bdyrdoy Zv,yjooyX gxkrs;yr]K9yh;kh 06,yrl6bdyr;kT ;G'yrdG'yr,y.j/ z:'yr,oyr0;yh,ur9K'yrxGoy pk
(UWSA) ,kr96bdyrp6b;yrs;yrow9bdyr9bdyr06b'yS 95;y]6b;yh,w:hp5j9uhs^boyr/ 9bd,yxkro:'yt0wKr
,oyr-6oygdkjmC'yhs^boyro6b'yh?
z:oyrswKT]5'y,oyr0K'yhxGoy,kr;oyrokh 0;y h okh9u h -;y 0 b c or;kh ,u r ]dy r
Z@X sG9yrsy>hs;yr9CdyjpwKh]:'yh0K;yr-5b;yr/ 0K'yhsG9yrsy>hs;yr0'yrdoyd.kj,5b;yrokh9bdyr9bdyr? mKoyZlKdyhgljX;kh ,oyrsy>h]6dyho:'yt,oyr
Z#X ,oyr,5boy9'yrs;yrgzkT,5,yj sy>h]6dyh]Koys;yrl:'yawKj0'yrdoyd.kjmC'yh-K;yrpK;yr? 0;yh ]:,y9b9yrg9kj,skd\kjZl6bxyjdxyrxkr
Z$X sG9yrsy>h0K;yr-5b;yr;kTlCoyrxKoy,y.j p6,yjp,y;kh-;ypK,yh,ur,5b'yrs'yrg-k? 06,yrd5oyr;5Pygl\kjd'yrXgl v;ypkhaboyj
Z%X 0K'yhsG9yrsy>hxuho:'yt9wrxK'ylK'yrc]h xuho:'yt;kTv,yjm6dyj,Coyhdoyd.kjmC'yh? z5db jy lyj. 9;yh];yhv:ojy *QjQQQ g9kT-K,yh
]Coy]boy-;yh,5b'yrmwr ;khow?
gxkrs;yr]K9yh;khl6db ry d5ory dkTpkhd5Pry / v,yjxkrxuho:';ty kTow0'b6 /y p6,jy p,y;kh;oyro6'b hy 0;yhokh9uhawKj0:xjy -K;yj-;yl,y] t K9yh
,kr g9x:'yj0y.doyp5j? ;kh -K;yr9K'yr @Q xuxwK,krowt 0;yh,sklK'yr
p6,yjp,ygl 0w:hmC,yx:'yj-K;yjg-kh,6oyr ,kr9kjglj xkr
0wKrvGdyj 0G,y06,yr DEA Zvg,jibdoyjXgdkh 0y.T96b;yr
d56oyr,5b'yrz:,yt0y. ZxK'ylK'yrX ,oyrxkrSowp5j?
@2*2Q* ;wKrootv y ,yjs6'b y 0;yh,skd\kjgdkh dxyr
9:xjy 2 a^ory ]K9yhcos^'ry xwj: lG'a y Kw j,Koyho:dhy ,5'b ry
0wKrvGdyj J,sklK'yr v,yjdG;yj-:'yh0:,yrpkh]kr]kr?
95;dy ;y-khgdkhv,yj9:op ty K,yhs^xsty oy29b9ry
Z@X xKdyh]:'yhco9K'yr,kr ]:'yh;5oytsoym6b'yowt]uc9tc9t? s^,y05,yrd,ytmC,ypy.jo,yp5j? g9kj ;5Pygl\kjd'yrglx:dyh"S;khow?
Z#X 9:ohy 9kjsG9ry co95;m y x5 ry c9t soym'b6 ;y khxGoxy o 6 hy z:ory 0;yhokh9uhz5h,urx6ohy z:ory 0;yh,sklK'yrowt xGoys^;yx;yh,6dyt06,yr
Zv,yjooyX z5hpy.jz5ho,yr SSA -;y0;yhd5Pyr? d:xyhs;yrv,yj0y.hawKjx6boyzK;yj-:'y 05b;yt0K9yh;kT WNO/WNA Z,ursC'yrl6bdyr
SSA v,yj0K'yh-KoyxKdyj9K'y9;5 -y ;y0;yh]wh? ,K'yxd: hy S]5;b gy l-9yr0ys. 9 G ry cpj05db hy 2 voyx5;yj96bdyr,5b'yrv:oys^;yX 95'yto6b'yp5jsb,yr
-5;ydwKj ;5'yhdK'yl:'yawKj dkhx:'yxGoy]whooytd5Pyr? ]Coy]boyx:9yrc,hs<'yhl:oy? WNA owt oy.r
Z$X p6,jy p,ysxyst '< ry ;kh ]:'hy 0yT. g-khd.K,yr9:dry 06;b hy 06,ry ;kTowooty oyr. d:ory g-kgdkh m6djy ]wh NDF gdkh-;yhs^,yhxkr;wt?
]59yrp:oyjp:,yrxC9yho,yo,yp5j? d:xyh0;yhokh9uhmwr-;y v,yj]5'yt]C'yr
z5h9wj: s<dhy doyc]h ,oyr0;yhpK,yh0w:hmwr,krgdkh cdr
05rxGoycdr9:dyhd.kjxC9yh? q

10 Vol. 22, No. 219, 2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 10 22/6/2548, 19:07


INDEPENDENCE

xK'yd6,y-:'yjluj05b;yt0K9yh0K;yr-5b;yr x:dyhd,yr %
x5oyt,kr,5b;yh _2%S@2* ooyt -:'yjluj
05;b 0ty K9yh0K;yr-5;b ry ENC xK'yd,6 dy oyor.y okh
]bo,y 'b5 ry pK'yrz5db jy 9uho6'b hy c]h 06,ry xkj9uj
xwKr,5b'yr0K;yr-5b;yr #$ 06,yr -6boyhs<9yhgl
95dyr]5'yrdoy;kh g9p5j9uh]dyrdKoy';yh
x6boytg0H,5b'yr (State based) gl -:9yjz:9yh
ENC ? l,ytv:dyjg-khx6boyzK;yj;kh ENC g9
l6bxyj-9yr0y.-6b'yx:'yd.kj g9kjgxkrxGoy,kr $
awKj Zl6bdyr,Koyh/ 06,yr,Koyh9uj,5;yj/ 06,yr State v,yjxkr0:,yrgdkhg9,ur ) g0H,5b'yr}? pK,yhxGoyz5ho,yrokh voyp5j9uh9xytz:,yt
0K;yr-5b;yrX v6xyjv5;yrdoyc]h ,5b'yrs^,yh96,y Z#X l6oyj]whzG'yjxG'yrc]h l6oyj]wh9Cxyr s^,yh9uj,5;yj-gijluj05b;yt0K9yh (NDF) 9'yr
caHfciH0C9yh0K'yjgl l6bxyj9;yt06boyj 99yrs'yrg-k? Z$X x5dyrx:'y9uj,5;yj-gijluj? ';yh'6oyr9uj,5;yj-gijluj 0K;yr-5b;yr9'yr]wK
csTd'yhd.kj?voy0,6 ry l6db ry ,Koyh0yT. sC'ry l6db ry Z%X d5ojy pkTxC9hy ]:dry x5'b 0 y ;yhvkjokjl6db ry ? (UNLD) s^,yhdoy-:9yjz:9yh,kr 0G,y,5b;yh
x5oytxCoy9Gdyr'Coyrp5j? 9:oyh9kjx5dyr9'yh ENC owt 9Cxyr99yr,5b;yh $Q2_2Q@ ? oy.rz5ho,yr06,yrx:'ydKoy ENC
9uhxK'yd6,yooyt 06,yrd5oyro6,yjc]h xK'y96,yd6,ygdk06,yr0K;yr-5b;yrx:dyhd,yr $ + gdkTpK,yr]G;o y tw s^;xy ;yhxGogy lkrxkT9bojy
06,yroK'yrpb'yr-;ygdkh -;yhs^,yh0:,yr? z5h Z#_2@S#2#2Q%Xgl x5dyr9'yhxGoy,kr,5b;yh lG'yj Zs^;yx;yh KNUX 0;yhlC'yl6bdyrxGoydC,y
9Cory d5h06,ry ,ur *$ gdkT? vGory vKoyr ENC @%2$2Q%? z5ho,yroy.r? 0;yhsKoyp:'ys^Pyh sy>hxGoyawKj
owt Z@X gdkj9'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,ycaHfciH ENC owt]6dyt9uh -:,yj,9uj 0K;yr-5b;yr ]Gxhy sGory xwKr96db ry (Strategy) c]hawKjd,y0 t h:w
0C9yh0K'yj {l'y;khg0H,5b'yr,Koyh Burman z:,syt ,^ hy s<,ry ,6;b ry doy ENSCC voy0;yh0K'yt xwKr,Kdyh,ur? q

,Kdyj9Cdyj9uh9khd6'yh
06b;yhlG'yd5oyr9wKowt,ur (+ Zvoyxwj]whp'yr
,urmC'yhX?
06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh 0bcor;khxGoy06,yr
l6 b d y r pK'y r z5 b d y j (KNU) 06 , y r pK'y r ]C ' y
(KNPP) 06,yrl6bdyr9wr (SSA-S) c]h06,yr
lG'yj;boyr (NCGUB) -;y? ;wKr,krl,tycor
;khxGoyo,ty,6b;yr 06,yrv:'yj9boyj (USCB)
voyp5j,5b'yr USA gl 9'yhdkhs^;y,oyr
@Qj*QQ gfkH]5b;yH?
voy]u9kj06,yrl6bdyr9wrc9t dkhx5oyt
,krowt l6bdyr,Koyhs<'yt;kh06,yrl6dytp6'yhv5oy
;oyrmb )2*2Q* ooyt ,Kdyj9Cdyj9uh ;wKr,Kdyj9Cdjy p;ygt dkh 06,ry d5ory dkTmwr d;yr SURA owgl9kT z5;b jy ;wKr,Kdyj9Cdjy p;yt
9khd6'yh $ 9uh/ v:oy9K'yrl69yr9Cdyj9uh v:oydoyx:dyh-6boyr,5b'yrmwr/ zCoydKoy-;ygdkh l,ytc,rxboyjs<'yt;kh SSA 06,yrp:9yhl6bdyr?
gskdKoydkTx06oyj9:'yj pK,yr @%r** ,5'yr/ ]6dk. jxC9hy ? ;wKr,Kdyj9Cdjy p;ty ]:'hy -;yhv:djy ;G'ry 9kh
voyxGoy9uh09yrsCoyrcod6oyj-5;yr-wKmwr mC'yhl:'y9uhl,tyxGoy 95bdyhgsk-wK-5;yr d6'yhgdkhm9yrd59yjmG9yhsC'yr,kr/ d5oyr-;yh
voyv;y,5b'yrmwrd.kjco2-wK 0:,yro'yjp5b'yr d6oyj c]h s^'yrsC,yr Zgskjc9jX @@ 0oyt? ;G'yr gxkrv,yjxkr,wKaK'y Z;y.dxyr95;yX v,yj
vKoyrg9co % 9uhZ9khd6'yhp;ytg9l6bxyj 06,ry l6db ry ,Koyhx6o
b z
y K;yj;kh ,urd5ory 9wK xoy-;yh dkr9K'yjmKoyjgdkhv,yjxoy-;yh/
d.kj;G'yr]5b;yj/ oy.r,5b'yr9wrl,yt9uh ]khlG;yh 9'yr,59yr @+ gdkT ,K9yj0Gxyr @(# gdkTow z:'yrawrakToy.r;G'yr,krv,yjglj mKoyj9kj
c]h ,5jg0H]Coy]boyc-j?X gl9kT voy DVB -;y0:xyjs^T]wh lwK,wK g9s6'-y ;yhgdkhskpKxyjc]hdkh-6o b hy ]5;b dy ;yj?
Shan Herald Agency for News 11

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 11 22/6/2548, 19:07


k
cmOfbwAuf;wAif gvr,\boty l,ya t Kdyjx5jcdj2x5jdK'y2t s^;o
-;y sy>h-wK-6boyr @ -Cxyr $jQQQ x\kr?
y khx:dty

l6bdyr,Koyh9Gdyr0y.T-wK-Cxyr VCD ]5b;yglowt p'yr0bl'yj s^;yokhv5b'yj2


;Koy h -;y ; kh gxkrcop;y t sy > h 9K'y j ]w K r
06,ry ;K'yr-5'b hy 'Koyr-6boyr;khco9uh]y./ xGoy05b;yts6b;y/ ,urd5oyr
95Pry dkhs6;b cy ]h syh> s^;o
y khx:d-ty ;y-o
b6 ry v9yr
x5oyt,kr,5b;yh;oyrmb #*2*2Q* ooyt 06,ry @+ SSNAX-;y;K'yr-5'b hy 9uho,yxt ': hy ooyt v:dyjo,yo,yglv;y-wKxoy d5hgsks^boyr05b;yr
-6oyz:'yr',yrZs^;yx;yh ,pdX g0H;G'yr,5j xoyz5h,wK,oyr d.kj-wK0:,yr;Koyhoy.rg0H;G'yr ,ur0Kdyhco VCD owp;y?t 05;b ry xGo,y Koyhd,yh
g0H -l] v:'jy v:'jy ]6ojy v;y VCD voy ,5jg0H @Q v5b'yj vbdyj ( x:dyt? z:'yh x:'yt-K'yr;kh Jp5;y;khxw:r96bdyrd5Pyr]wh
mwKj;wt,5b;yhx]:'yhd6b9yrl6bdyr 06,yrvwKh,6'yt-;y v:'yjv:'yj]6oyj 9,yr-oy-wK,oyr @ Pkr0Kdyj,oyr/ xw:r;K'yr-5b'yhgdkh]whPkr0Kdyj
;K'yr-5b'yh9uh;Koyh95'yh c]h d6'yj-5b;yr Z9xyt -Cxyr @j*QQ x\kr/ d5Pyrdkhz5h,wK,oyr ,-boyj ,oyrxkrp5j"Sowp;yt?

l6bdyr,Koyh-Koyr0y.Td5oyr;Koyh-5hokrxoy @2(2Q* ,krg9kjsKoytowt?


06,yr;K'yrd:'yh oy.r9:oyhokh]boy 06,yr;K'yr-5b'yh-;y
v,yj9Gdyr0y.Td5oyr;Koyhgl9kT l6bdyr,Koyh
;wKrdoyjo 9xyt06,yr @@ Z9xytl6bdyr p5j;wot oyt l6db ry ,Koyh 0oy0
t ;yhsKoy oyr. 9xyt l,y-t Koyrd5ory ,5'b ry ;kh ;Koyhv:ojy g9]whsG9ry
05b;yt0K9yh06b'yh9wr SSNAX-;y ;K'yr-5b'yhxoy -]p %@ v:oys^;ygl -Koyr0y.TsC'yr]wK xoy]:dyrokr,y.j 9kjzoyr-;yh;Koyj @ 9K'y/
l6db ry ,Koyh ;oyrmb (2%2Q* c]h @#2%2Q* d5ory ;Koyh %QS*Q ;Koyh -5hokrsG9ry awKo,yt ;Koyh]5'y # 9K'yowc]h d5oyr;Koyh,K'ys^boyr
p;yt x:9yr9:oyh9K'yr,5b'yrgpk voy -l] ]:dyrokr,y.jxoy 9kj9xytl6bdyr,Koyh-;y xkr 05b;yrv,yjd.kj]whooyt ]wh0K'yhx5boyh @ ;oyr
x:,y;oyr 9'yr -l gvkr v:oyd5oyr-;y 9'yr9kj06,yr;K'yr-5b'yh c9j0G,y,5b;yh;oyrmb #jQQQ x\kr?

cmOfbyGB;wkduf;
=rfjqmifv h jB ul0uf mBg ;? =rfj[Aev
f mB ;vBjul0rf lejf
o ;oyrmb @Q2%2Q* l6bdyr,Koyh9xyt,
++ ]K'yr-5b;yr 9'yrl6bdyr9wr (SSA-S) 96bdyr Enlist with the elephant, one has to fear the buffalo;
doy9uhsb,yr;Koyhokrswr g0H;G'yr,:dyj,wj awKj Enlist with the jungle cat, one has to fear the otter.
06,ry xv5;ry d69
b ry l6db ry 9wK $ gdkT/ ,K9yj0Gxry
 
    
 
% gdkT?
qifeJŒaygif;awmhu|Ja-umuf& awma-umifeJŒaygif;awmhzsHa-umuf&
o ;oyrmb ##2%2Q* l6bdyr06,yrxv5;yr
d6b9yrl6bdyr s^,yhs<,yrdoy9'yrl6bdyr,Koyhc]h
x]bdyh d.kjp6b;yrl6bdyr9wr (SSA-S) 9uh;Koyh
doyj95r]5'/y awKjl6db ry ,Koyhl6,ry d:'hy $ ];yr/
x]bdyh9wK # gdkT l6,yrd:'yh # ];yr/ 06,yr
xv5;yrd6b9yrl6bdyr9wK # gdkT?

o ;oyrmb @@2*2Q* 9xyt,Koyh,5b'yrowKr


vm,yj,9Gdyr0y.Td5oyr,5b'yrz6bdyrdKoyl6bdyr
vkjp6 @#S(Q xu 9kjd5ory @*Q gdkT/ l:oy
9uh;.K'yr,Kdyjo'y ;G'yr,5b'yrowKr pK,yrdK'yoy.
Q+rQQ S @(rQQ ,5'yr/ d5oyrz6bdyrl:oyoy.r
9xyt,Koyh,ur @# gdkT?

12 Vol. 22, No. 219, 2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 12 22/6/2548, 19:07


INDEPENDENCE
dK;yj;Koyrxoys^;yx;yyh
-6oym6oyrv5r
s^;yx;yh-6oym6oyrv5r S -;yh05rm6b'yp5HvCoyH (UN)
d9yt-CoyjawKjxwKr,5b'yr S v,yjdKoytd5b'yrl5oyr96,y
gdkd6,y9kjz:,yts^,yhd9yrpGoy S ;5oytcsT-Goyx5oytxCoy,5b'yrs;yr
05b;yrpkTd;yrv5oyv6'yr?
xK'y,wts6'yrl:'y95oyh S v,yj0y.v5oyho:,yr;:oyr
x5boyh0:oyr0Cdyjo'y]boy S -y.h-boyzK9yj06b'yh9wr
xGoygzrawr05b;yt0K9yh S ,:dyj]K9yh-whcoxoy
xwKr;5osty oy]9C ry zwK S v,yjxw:jx5boyh]5]wK,5b'yr9wr
,5boyz6boyrawr]5b9yjs<oyt?
p:oyt]5b9yhx6boyr,6boytd:oyj S x5j,:oyjl5b;ysKoyakT
vkj;06b;yhlG'y]'y S z:'yr',yrm'yv6xytx5b'yj
,6boyjlCoyv5b'yjs^,yh0y. S ]5b,yhly.oxytv5';yr
0K;yr-5b;yrs;yr9'yr,5j S d:9yjg-krdoyp5j;wt
9'yhv;yowtd.kjokh S ;wtdkh-oyp:oyrl5r
9kj-6oym6oyrv5rs;yr S sy>h]whl;yrd9yrpGoy
sy>h]:9yh,6b;yr-Goyz5h,5bdyh,y.hgld,yr?
-6oyl5b;y Z,5b'yr9wrx:9yrv:dyjX @@T+TQ%

05;yhvwKh05;yrpkTs;yrx:'y,5b'yr,kr @*S@(
xuowt v,yj]u-khs6b;y]6'yrs;yr;kh?
]u,5b;yj]u0Koyh ]uvb,yj]ux5b,yt
]ugvkh/ ]ud5;y]5b;yzu]5rzuzwKrooytokj
]uc9tc9tgvkh

]u0;b5 sty ;b6 y


-kh]kj

vwKh05;yrpkTS]ud\kTd\kT

Shan Herald Agency for News 13

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 13 22/6/2548, 19:07


k
l6bdyrmwr0bl'yjsy>hd5oyrxwKhgzroy.r]boymwr -wKTm:oyv:dyj

;oyrmb @_2*2Q* 0:,ysKoy,o9yH x;yHibdyH 9xytl6bdyrmwr,wK $ 0bl'yjsy>hd5oyrxwKhgzr9wr voy-wKT,krxdyrxK'yl;yrxwKhgzr 0G,y,5b;yhxu


#QQQ -wKTm:oyv:dyjsb,yr]boymwr x:dyh;wKj,5b;yr-6boyr;Koyhd;yj,5b'yr]'y/ d5oyrxwKhgzr,urp5j *QQ xwKooyt d,yho,yxGoy]6dyhv:oyjc]h z5hpb'yr/
]6dyhv:oyjzKoygxkh2c,h ,ur,:dyh #QQ xwK?
d5oyrxwKhgzr05b;yrowt gxkr]whm6dyjm:oy-wKTv:dyjoy.r]boymwrd.kjp;yt -;yl,ytg9d.kjp5j9uh]y./ ,5b;yh]G;yxGdytl,yt;kh xK'y96bdyrl6bdyr9wr9'yr
@)@ d6b9yr]6b;yhd.kjgl9kTgdkh 0K'yh-6boyrxGoy]whd5h-K;yrpK,yrp5jow xGoyg-khmK,yvoyd5oyrd,yho,yv:oydoy,wh0y.0:,yr?
;oyrmb #_2*2Q* 06,yr9wr ( 06,yr 05b;yr95'yto6b'yp5joy.r,5b'yrmwr 9C,yh]bdyh96dyrp:oyrd.kj9uh ]5'yx:'y06b'yhmwr sy>h-6boyrc,r;5oyt95Pyr
m6b'yvb9yro6b'yh owp5j?

14 Vol. 22, No. 219, 2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 14 22/6/2548, 19:07


INDEPENDENCE

x6boyr9:oyhl:oy/ voy]u0:oy-w:x5boyh
,5b;yh $Q2%2Q* ,5b'yr;C9ytoK,yrsG9yrxw:r -.wj]dyr (sq.mile) s^;yd5oyr,ur _# ]Koyt/ d,yh ]Gdyrlkh x5boyhdboypkhlwrSd9yt-CoyjdKoy
-6dyrm5xyrxK'yl6bdyr dC9yjc-05b;yt0K9yhp;ty o,yxGoy0;yhswh0;yhokr96bdyt95dyr9C,yj? awKj l6db ry x5'b ]
y ;G v
y ,yj0yh. ? x5'b ]
y '5 ,y oyr ,Cohy z:'ry
95;yh voy96bdyrgxt]6bxyhv:dyjz5h-.Kdyh,5b'yr s<'yj,urc-j/ awKj95dyr,ur,5b'yr]K;yr/ awKj0Koyr ]6,hy akTp5joyr. ';yr]wKrl6db ry d9yr (cold war)
vg,jibdoyj -:xyh-5xyj $Q xu9G,y? ;wKrl6bdyr d,yHz5H-\kH/ awKjv:dyjxGoyxK'yj]wKj ,skl awKjvg,jibdoyj c]h awKj-:,yj,b;yjob9yt
okhz5db jy xwKhv:djy p;ty ;C9o ty K,yrx:9ry s<'jy x:9ry ,69xty lbadb ?ty d\xoyj,krp69 b ry ,5'b ry z:'ry l6db ry Zc-j/ i9ytlb\3;yHX-;y c-t-C'yjsb,y0b'yrdoy?
0Koyr-6boyrs<,yrdoygl ;G'yr]5'y lwKr':oyh ]6,hy akTx:dhy # ? ;wKrooya t i'yjlG9hy x5oxty o C y p:oyt;C9ytoK,yrgdkhd9yt-CoyjdKoyz:'yr9K'y
(Saigon) gdkh v;y0;b6 hy z5ho,yr]wKr]6dz ty o
b6 ty mC'yh? ;C9tyd:'yr Z9xytl6bdyrsdyt0K9yhx59yrxw:j Zl6db ry o,y] t Kw rX sG9ry syh> 9'yr]6,hy akTd,ym t ,C y
]Cdyh]wKhsG9yr06b;yh;kh ;G'yr]5'ys^;y-\u,boyr? ;C9o ty K,yrX 96db ry gxtai'yjlG9hy 9uh9xy] t '5 y p:,yrsxyt,krv,yjdkr xwKg,kl5oyr96,ysG9yrsy>h
l6bdyr;C9ytoK,yrZc-j/ i9ytlb\3;yH xoysC'yr fGoyH[CoyHa5rZ,5b'yrmCoyXooyt 9wr],y9wr d5oyr,5b'yrvg,jibdoyjlKoy-9yr]5'yx:'y06b'yh
x:9yrs<'yj/ vg,jibdoyjp5jawKjx:9yr0KoyrX -K;y05b;yrp5jx:9yrs<'yj0,y]Coy]boyc-jgdkh vg,jibdoyjZxoysC'yr06dyrawKj;C9ytoK,yrX
voys6b'yoKoyrsb,yr $Q xuooyt l6bdyrvg,j s^,yh96bdyr ]wh9wK2,K9yj0:,yr9'yro,y? l6bdyr -6boyrooytp;yt?
ibdoyj9wK *_jQQQ xwK? d5oyr,5b'yrd5oyrl6bdyr vg,jibdoyj-;yhx69yh @+*% ;wKrglai'yj dkh05;hy s;yrxwjs^Tx:'jy 2-;yh]wh2g,ksG9ry
;C9o ty K,yr9wK $ ]Koyxt Kw ? Jp:ogty xkhs;yr9'yr lG9hy m:ov y d: jy ? z:'ry vg,jibdoyjdKoyl t db6 ry xK'y96bdyr okhl6bdyrz:'yr9K'y (diplomatic
x5js;yr sKxyjdKoyl6bdyr96bdyr]6bxyhz5h-.Kdyh,5b'yr m:oyv:dyj @+)* ooyt p'yrxwK;khSs;yrgxt warfare)/ dkh05;yhs;yrxwjl5oyr96,y]wh d5h
,krc]h 06xyhlCoyrxKoys;yr 0'yj]wh0K,yj l6bdyr/ s;yrdKoyt',yrpGoy (We win the war, 0K;yr-5b;yrSxkr0G,yd5oyr,5b'yr,Koyh -:oyhs^,yh
x5PyhS -6boyhpy.j-6b9yrdKxyh" ]6dyhsGoyrvkjp6 but lost the peace) ow]5rd:oyj? 0w:hmC,ydoy lKoy-9yrd5oyj,5PytxC9yh06,yr
@_ 'GoymKoyrm6'yr ]K9yhd.kj? ;C9ytoK,yr96bdyrgxtvg,jibdoyj/ l6bdyr 0;yhvkjokjl6bdyrowt -K;yr9K'yrdKoyx59yrxw:j
,5'b ry ;C9o
ty K,yrpyj. d.K'yh @#)j_@( ]:dry p;y9 t ;5 hy ;Koyh,5'b ry x59ry xwj: ,krowt p:o-ty ;ydo b y 05b;yt0K9yhs;yr 0K'yhpK;yrdwmC'yhp5j? q

9xytl6bdyrs^,yh]5Pyhd5oyr,5b'yr;C9ytoK,yr p:'yhd6'yjv;y,6oy dKoyx59yrxw:j05b;yt0K9yh


9uh;G'yr]5'ys^;y-\u,boyH Z06b;yhd;yjd5hx:dyhS ;G'yrlwKr':oyhX

]6dyhsGoyrv:oyj;C9ytoK,yr-;y ]Gxyhs<oyh-:oyh96,y (parade) gl


zC9yr96'yrs<'ytlCoyj ]:'yh96boyj95;ycsTd'yh,Kdyj,C'yra'y]boy
voyd5oyr]wh9wK2,K9yj )jQQQ xwK 9'yhc9j @+)* ;wKrl6bdyrp;yt95;yh g9kjpK,yr]G;y
Shan Herald Agency for News 15

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 15 22/6/2548, 19:07


k
zljokdOfbcmOfbeMjzldufb z:'hy ? {d:xhy pK,yh,urx6o b ry 9:ohy l:oy lesson dkh
x5o,ty kr;kh 06,ry ;kTsC'ry pyj. ,kr x:9ry ]Co] y o b y
v6xjy mK,yzh5 sdy0
t K9yh06'b hy 9wr owt p:oytmwrpK,yh0w:h;kT Zv:oy,kT9wj-5;y2
v:o;y ;5 ry ,5osty ;^ Xty c]h ;kTgxt]hw 9wr ,5;b hy xKoy
mK,y dG;yj]:'yhx6boyzK;yjd:oyrg-k ,5b;yh @)2 mC'yhM? MTA}
%2 Q* ooyt soym6b'y05b;yts6b;yM? 9:xjy ,oyrvb'o y ;b5 y g-kh],yj]:'hy ]5']
y Kw x5'b y q 0:'yjl6bdyr,Koyh-;y g9l6bxyj,bxyj'Coyr
9:xjy v;y,wK,uh;khc9t ,5b'yr9wr96boyrd:oyr 05b;yrowt d,ydboyr 06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr-;ymC'yhM?
g-k,kr0G,yx6b'yr]5rZ0G,y,5b;yhl6bdyr,Koyh q l'y;khl6bdyr,Koyh9'yr06,yr @)@ -;y q 0: ' y j 0K'y h ,u r ]: ' y h 9K'y r 9K'y j 05 b ; y t
p6b9yrvkjokj @+(# gl lbdyjpkT s^,yhdoyz6dyrs,yrg]kj96bdyrpy.j]5'ymC'yhow 9K'yjx5'b y voyd'b6 dty K'y-t db6 -ty dy]
t dC hy ]wKhR05;b ry
xC9hy x5'b xy 'b6 ry @+)%X? ,K'y0;b5 ,ty K'y]': hy 0:'yjl6bdyr9wrg9v;y95;y]:9yh]wh? owtp;ty?
voyx6b9yjxKdyh]K9yhv:dyjowt 0K'yh q 0:'yjmwr g9gvr]5 95Pyrm6b'y9wr Max (Czech Press) 7.6.05
95b;ytlK'yh]5b;ygl v,yjx6b9yj]K9yh
x6boyzK;yj? ,5boy,5b'yrmw;oyr/9uhc9t
,oyr gxkrxGo,y 'b5 ry d:ory g-kp5js'yrd5Pry Jd.K,yr9wrs^,yhg-kh/ ]bdyh9wrzy.,oyr"
p;ty? d5Pyrdkh d:oyrg-kp5jgl9kT
p'yr xwjx6boyzK;yjgdkh]wh? 9:oyhx6boy gxkrmwr]K9yhg9kj9wr 9wrdwT-K'yr ]:'hy mwr0yT. xkj]b v,yjooy xkj]b]o
6 ,y? gxkr9wr
zK;yjowt -K;yrpK,yrp'yrxwjm6b'y? ]K9yhg9kjmwr mwrl,yt-K'yr voy9wr0y.Td.K,yr,Koyh v,yjooy g-khvoy ]6dyt9uhd.K,yr,Koyh
mK,y s^;ys6xyh';yr]wKrdKoy,5b'yr oy.r06b'yh9wr pGoyr,kr?
]6boyrl69yr xGoys6b;yM? mwr9'yr]K;yrc9t xGoy,5b'yrzy.,oyr 0y.T]bdyhzy.,oyr ]K9yhd.K,yrzy.,oyrp5jgdkh
9:xjy voy]5'yx:'y06b'yh9wr 05;yh-K;yr x6boy d:xyhp5b'yhdoy/ d:xyh0y.Txkj]b]6o'yjdoyc]h ]K9yhg9kjdoygdkhx:'yj? voyx5b'yhdoyowt,ur
zK;yjd:oyrg-kooyt 96bdyt,Coyhz:'yr9wr 95oyrlG'y/]5b;yooytmwr;kh Ji" ]K;yr;kh Js" v,yjooy J]"/ mwr;kh J-\" ]K;yr;kh Jl"
d,yho,y9o b6 jy 95;py ': hy vK,yr05,ry l5;b ry ooydt P
5 ry ?
0y.-6boyh0:,yr? 9K'yj0K;yr-5b;yr05b;yr d:xyhooy -;y # ,5b'yrowt ]bdyhv,yjs^,yhd.K,yrs^,yh/ s;yrgdkh]usG9yrooy? voypKxyj9kj
v,yj0y.h9wrc9t ]Cxyhxwj9Cxyr99yr 9wrowt 9wrv5b,yh0,y,Koyh 0,yd.K,yr,Koyh]5b;ygl mwr2]K;yr-;yd,yho,y? 9kjv;yv:dyjd.K,yr
l'y?d,yhz:'yhg9;'yj;5b;yh',yr';yr? xkh9yh. 05;b ry owt ,krxGody K. ,yrs^,hy doy9'yrmwrS]K;yrooyt ,K'yz;yjg90K'yh0yT. -K;yrpK,yrp5j?
mK,y voy SSA-S c]h SSNA s^,yhs<,yr
doyooyt 0K'yhd.kj 96,ytp:oyh-6b;yrp,y ,Koyh 9wr mwr lG'yv:dyj 9wr
dKoy,5b'yr dKoyl6bdyr9kj 06b'yh9wr05b;yt trdef@ g-khx5'yodyr  -,yHl'yj d.K,yrl'yj
s6b;yM? g-kh0bl'yj
9:xjy gxkr9Cdyhdoy9'yr SSA-S pK,yhxGoy ukHvkH d6,yj]6,yj 
 zG'yHgzkH xG'yrgxkr
06,yrlKoy-9yrl6bdyr,Koyh ,kr06,yr opPm lG9hy 0kj   l9yjd\kj l9yh0kj
]G;y dkhd:ojy x5oo ty oyt sG9ry s>hy dKoy,'b5 ry qufoG,f dxyrl6bxyj  9b9jy g9kj 9b9yrg9kj
dKoyl6bdyrdCoyj-C'ysC'yrd6b,yr,krz:'yh? tar;§ g-khmK,y  -,yHmK,y d.K,yrmK,y
u l'y05b;yt;kh 06,yrdkTpkh;5Pygl\kjd'yr ar;cGef;
@)@ -;yv,yjv;ysC'yrl6bdyr m:dyj]6b'yh tajz g-kh9:xyj   -,yH9:xyj d.K,yr9:xyj
p6b9yrgxt]wh]w:9wr]C'yrgl l69yhs^oy w&m;0if -;yhI9kr  mK'yHdKoyH 9K'yrdKoy
xoy06b'y g9sG9yrsy>hl6bdyr9wrsC'yrd6b,yr?  xGoHy mK'yHdKoyH xGoy9K'yrdKoy
u l6bdyr;kT9'yrl6bdyr9wrowt 0K'yh-G'yjx6b'yh ywfouf§ dxyrdwKj 
   dG;yj-:'yt dG;yj-:'yh
doy]wh]5b;ygl -G'yjpkTdoyowooyt pyfvsOf;
,6'hy ,:'ry ;kh9'yrl:'a y Kw j g9-;yh0ys. T^ tcef; -:'yt2v:'yh !  s<'yt s<'yh
x:'yjo'yjdoy? uefawmh doyjg9kr ! f,yHs^;y ],ys^;y
mK,y 0:'yj0;yhd;yj,6'yh,:'yr;kh 9K'yj06,yr pkpkaygif; s^;ys6xyh  p:9ty p:9yhZ9'yro,yX
gdkh 0K'yhg9s^,yhs<,yr -:oyhsC'yr0:,yr c¶kid f g0H9:ohy " -.C'y Z]K;yr0y.TX -C.'y

16 Vol. 22, No. 219, 2005

INDP 219 SHAN.pmd 16 22/6/2548, 19:07

You might also like