MODULE 1

ICT is made up of three words, namely information, communication, and technology.

 as gathering, processing, storing, and presenting data.
INFORMATION knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or research.
INPUT DEVICE - allows one to enter data or instructions into a computer.
OUTPUT DEVICE – transmits information to one or more people.
INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard - typewriter, letters, numbers, symbols,
Mouse – cursor text, icons, files, drag-and-drop
Web Camera - allows its images to be seen online.
Scanner - optically scans, digital image.
Microphone - electrical signals. sound,
OUTPUT DEVICES
Monitor – displays pictorial or textual form.
Printer - generates a hard copy.
Speaker - devices that can be plugged into a computer, laptop, smartphone, mp3 player
or another device to listen to audio or sound.
Headphones or Earphones - privately listen to audio without disturbing anyone in the
vicinity
Processed Information - called knowledge.
Knowledge - helps fulfill daily tasks.
Communication - transmitting messages. verbal and non-verbal means.
Prehistoric Days - signs or symbols, cave paintings, drawings, rock art stone carvings,
Technology - fasters, more convenient, and more efficient. long-distance communication
or virtual communication improve people’s daily activities.
ICT were defined in a study conducted by Colrain M. Zuppo (2012) as “related to
technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various type of electronically
mediated communication”.
ICT in education, business, and the economic sector.
IT - is a subset of ICT as the technology
POSITIVE IMPACTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
1. ACCESS TO INFORMATION
accompanied the growth of the Internet. Some of the positive aspects of this
increased access
2. IMPROVE ACCESS TO INFORMATION
distance learning and online tutorials, interactive multi-media, and virtual reality.
3. NEW TOOLS, NEW OPPORTUNITIES
new tools that did not previously exist
4. COMMUNICATION
Cost savings
5. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Data mining of customer information
6. SECURITY
solves or reduces some security problems,
7. DISTANCE LEARNING
Students can access teaching materials from all over the world.

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY

JOB LOSS
Manual operation is replaced by automation.
REDUCE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.
COST
A lot of ICT hardware and software is expensive, both to purchase and to
maintain.
COMPETITION
but for some organizations being exposed to greater competition can be a
problem.
INCREASE UNEMPLOYMENT
being replaced and reduced by a smaller number of employees capable of doing
the same volume of tasks.
AUTOMATION through robots or machines replacing people in the assembly
line.
SECURITY improvement but also threat to security.

MODULE 2

EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY human rationale., technology always starts with

the basic tool. can do tasks faster and more efficiently.
COMPUTER - an electronic device, operating under the control of instruction
stored in its own memory, that can accept data, manipulate the data
 AUTOMATION - “the technique of making an apparatus a process, or a system
operate automatically.
AUTOMATED SYSTEM is not the same as AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM.
Intelligent systems are FAR MORE COMPLEX AND ARE CAPABLE OF
LEARNING. This is where the concept of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
FIRST GENERATION-1956 TO 1959
 Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)
 modular computer, composed of several panels capable of performing different
functions.
 vacuum tubes, very expensive, magnetic drums for memory
 the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform
operations, and they could only solve
SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTER (1959-1965)
 transistor, much smaller, faster, and more dependable than the vacuum tubes
 generated less heat and consumed less electricity but were still very costly.
 cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which
allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.
THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTER (1965-1971
 integrated circuit (IC) single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors
 smaller and cheaper
FOURTH-GENERATION COMPUTER (1971-1980)
 Very Large-Scale Integrated (VLSI) 5,000 transistors microprocessor technology
FIFTH-GENERATION COMPUTER (1980-ONWARDS)
 ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) 10 million electronic components. associated
with artificial intelligence (AI), natural language, and experts' system
HARDWARE - computer’s physical devices., can be seen and touched.
SYSTEM UNIT - enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that
are used to administer data.
STORAGE DEVICES - to keep data permanently.
FLASH DISK DRIVE- small portable storage device often referred to as a pen
drive, thumb drive, or jump drive.
HARD DISK DRIVE.- one non-removable hard disk stores and retrieves data.
COMPACT DISC.- flat, round, and portable metal disc.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMPUTERS

PERSONAL COMPUTER- A small, single-user computer based on a

microprocessor.
WORKSTATION- a powerful, single-user computer.
MINICOMPUTER- a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to
hundreds of users simultaneously .for business
MAINFRAME- a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
SUPERCOMPUTER- an extremely fast computer that can perform millions of
instructions per second. NASA’s Pleiades supercomputer engineer

SPECIALIZED COMPUTERS classified according to specific uses.

DESKTOP COMPUTERS- to be placed on a desk,

LAPTOP COMPUTERS- battery-powered computer devices whose portability
TABLET COMPUTERS-hand-held computers with touch- sensitive screens for
typing and navigation.
SMARTPHONES- are hand-held telephones which can do things that computers
can do,
WEARABLES- include fitness trackers and smartwatches that
can be worn throughout the day.
SMART TVS- latest television sets that include applications present in
computers,
BASIC PARTS - central processing unit (CPU), memory, a keyboard or other
input device, and a screen or other output device.
HUMAN LANGUAGE - can understand machine language. human brain
identifies the letter, numbers, and characters combined to create words
and sentences. binary language.
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM-decimal number system has ten digits, such
as 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9. understand two digits- a 0 and a 1. prefix bi, which
means 2.
AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE (ASCII)
ASCII code is a 7-bit code used to represent letters, numbers, and basic special
characters. letters, numbers, control characters, and other symbols.
SYSTEM BUS
computer system on its own communicates, pathway composed of cables and
connectors
THREE TYPES OF BUSES data bus, address bus, control bus.
DATA BUS can transfer data to and from the memory of a
computer, or into or out of the CPU. Files transferred from a flash drive to the
computer’s hard drive and a document sent to the printer for printing.
ADDRESS BUS is used by the CPU to specify a physical address for
instructions, files, and other devices within the computer system.
CONTROL BUS is used by CPUs to communicate with other
devices within the computer system.
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)- connection often limited to an individual
person and his or her personal devices.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) - is a connection in which a group of computers
and other devices, such as network printers, share a common communications
line within a certain are such as a building or a small campus.
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) - A WAN may be made of several
LANs and PANs. A WAN can be made up of several more WANs. This is why
WAN is considered synonymous to the internet.
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION - two-wired communication and wireless
communication.
WIRED COMMUNICATION. - coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, ethernet
cables, and traditional telephone lines.
Wi-Fi. - radio waves to wirelessly transmit information across a
network.
BLUETOOTH. - radio waves to connect to other devices.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE. - combination of instructions, data, and programs that
the computer needs in order to do a specific task.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE - performs a specific personal, educational, and
business function.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE - program designed to run a computer's hardware and
applications and manage its resources, such as its memory, processors, and
devices.
Wix.com and WordPress.com - two of the most popular website creation tools
available online.