REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN II – BFC 3280
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
EXAMPLE 1.1: STAIR SPANNING LONGITUDINALLY CONTINUOUS OVER SUPPORTS
A longitudinal straight reinforced concrete stairs supported by reinforced concrete
beams at both ends is shown in the figure (unit mm). Landing slabs at both ends of the
stairs are monolithically connected to the stairs.
Using grade 25 concrete and grade 500 steel, design the stair for a variable action of
4.0..kN/m2 and permanent action from finishes, baluster and railing of 1.0.kN/m2.
Assume nominal concrete cover = 25 mm and bar size = 8 mm.
1.0 SPECIFICATION
L = 2800
250 10@175 = 1750
10@255 = 2550 250
L √28002 + 17502
hF = =
Dimension: R = 175 mm ; G = 255 mm ; h = 110 mm 30 30
*Interior span/spanning
Characteristic actions:
Permanent, gk = 1.0 kN/m2 (Excluding selfweight)
Variable, qk = 4.0 kN/m2
Materials:
Characteristic strength of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel, fyk = 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/mm3
Assumed:
Cover, C = 25 mm
Diameter bar, Ø = 8 mm
DRZNR 2014/JKSB
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN II – BFC 3280
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
2.0 AVERAGE THICKNESS
(𝐺 2 + 𝑅 2 )1/2
𝑦 = ℎ[ ]
𝐺
y R
(2552 + 1752 )1/2 t
𝑦 = 110 [ ]
255 y
𝑦 = 133 mm
𝑅
𝑡 =𝑦+( )
2
175
𝑡 = 133 + ( )
2
𝑡 = 221 mm
3.0 ACTION AND ANALYSIS
Slab selfweight = 0.221 x 25 = 5.52 kN/m2
Permanent load (excluding selfweight) = 1.00 kN/m2
Characteristic permanent action, gk = 6.52 kN/m2
Characteristic variable action qk = 4.00 kN/m2
Design action, nd = 1.35gk + 1.5qk = 14.81 kN/m2
Consider 1m width, wd = nd x 1 m = 14.81 kN/m
14.81 kN/m
L = 2.80 m
F=wdL
Bending moment: wdL2/10 = 11.60 kNm/m
M=FL/10 = wdL2/10
DRZNR 2014/JKSB
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN II – BFC 3280
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
4.0 MAIN REINFORCEMENT (Cl. 6.1)
Effective depth:
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝐶 − 0.5∅bar
𝑑 = 110 − 25 − (0.5 × 8)
𝑑 = 81mm
Design moment, MEd = 11.60 kNm
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
11.6 × 106
𝐾= = 0.071 < 𝐾bal = 0.167
(1000 × 812 × 25)
∴ Compression reinforcement is not required
𝐾
𝑧 = 𝑑 [0.5 + √0.25 − ( )]
1.134
𝑧 = 0.93𝑑 ≤ 0.95𝑑
𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87𝑓yk 𝑧
11.6 × 106
𝐴𝑠 =
0.87 × 500 × (0.93 × 81)
𝐴𝑠 = 353 mm2 /m
∴ Main bar : H8 – 125 (As,prov= 402 mm2/m)
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area (Cl. 9.3.1.1)
𝑓ctm
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓yk
2.56
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 ( ) 𝑏𝑑
500
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0013𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013 × 1000 × 81
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 108 mm2 /m
DRZNR 2014/JKSB
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN II – BFC 3280
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 × 1000 × 110
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4400 mm2 /m
Secondary reinforcement (Ref 9.3.1.1(2))
𝐴𝑠 = 20% of the main reinforcement
𝐴𝑠 = 0.20 × 353 = 71 mm2 /m
∴ Secondary bar : H8 – 350 (As,prov = 144 mm2/m)
5.0 SHEAR RESISTANCE
14.81 kN/m
11.60 kNm 11.60 kNm
L = 2.80 m
VA VB
ΣM at B = 0
2.80VA – 11.6+11.6 – (14.81 x 2.80) x 1.4 = 0
58.04
𝑉𝐴 = = 20.73 kN
2.80
𝑉𝐵 = (14.81 × 2.80) − 20.73 = 20.73 kN
Design shear force, VEd = 20.73 kN
Design shear resistance (Ref 6.2.2)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/3 ]𝑏𝑑
200 1/2
𝑘 =1+( ) ≤ 2.0
𝑑
200 1/2
𝑘 =1+( ) = 2.75 ≥ 2.0
81
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.02
𝑏𝑑
402
𝜌1 = = 0.005 ≤ 0.02
1000 × 81
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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN II – BFC 3280
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12 × 2.0(100 × 0.005 × 25)1/3 ] × 1000 × 81
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 45011 N = 45.00 kN/m
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 ]𝑏𝑑
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035 × 2.03/2 × 251/2 ]1000 × 81
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 40093 N/m = 40.10 kN/m
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 45.00 kN/m > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 20.73 kN
∴ Shear resistance OK
6.0 DEFLECTION (Cl. 7.4)
Percentage of required tension reinforcement
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝜌=
𝑏𝑑
353
𝜌= = 0.0044
1000 × 81
Reference reinforcement ratio
𝜌𝑜 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 × 10−3
𝜌𝑜 = 251/2 × 10−3 = 0.005
Factor for structural system, K = 1.5 (Table 7.4N) Spanning slab
𝜌 < 𝜌𝑜
∴ Use Eqn 7.16a
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜 3/2
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1) ]
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜 3/2
= 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1) ]
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌
𝑙
= 1.5[11 + 8.6 + 0.90] = 30.80
𝑑
DRZNR 2014/JKSB
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN II – BFC 3280
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Modification factor for span less than 7 m = 1.0
Modification factor for steel area provided
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 402
= = 1.14 < 1.50
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 353
Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio
𝑙
( ) = 30.80 × 1.0 × 1.14 = 35.00
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤
Actual span-effective depth
𝑙 2800
( ) = = 34.60
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 81
𝑙 𝑙
( ) >( )
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
∴ Deflection OK
7.0 CRACKING
h = 110 mm < 200 mm (Cl. 7.3.3)
Main bar (Cl. 9.3.1)
Smax,slab = 3h = 330 mm ≤ 400 mm
Max. bar spacing = 125 mm < Smax,slab
∴ Main bar for cracking OK
Secondary bar
Smax,slab = 3.5h = 385 mm ≤ 450 mm
Max. bar spacing = 350 mm < Smax,slab
∴ Secondary bar for cracking OK
DRZNR 2014/JKSB
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN II – BFC 3280
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
8.0 DETAILING
0.3L=840 0.3L=840
01
02 02
N
04
1750
h 03
04 01
03
250 2550 250
Reinforcement
01 : H8 – 125 Thickness, h = 110 mm
02 : H8 – 125 Nosing, N = 25 mm
03 : H8 – 125 Cover, C = 25 mm
04 : H8 – 350 All unit in mm
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