Maths formulas for Class 10 

are the general formulas that are not only crucial for Class 10
but also form the base for higher-level maths concepts. The maths formulas are also
important in various higher education fields like engineering, medical, commerce, finance,
computer science, hardware, etc. In almost every industry, the most common formulas
introduced in class 10 are used.
The class 10 maths formulas include formulas related to real numbers, polynomials, quadratic
equations, triangles, circles, statistics, probability, etc. These maths formulas will be
extremely helpful for students to be able to solve questions more accurately and quickly.
List of Maths Formulas for Class 10 (Chapterwise)
The basic maths class 10 formulas are almost the same for all the boards. The list of maths
formulas are:

 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Formulas

 Algebra and Quadratic Equation Formulas
 Arithmetic Progression Formulas
 Trigonometry Formulas
 Circle Formulas
 Surface Area and Volume Formulas
 Statistics Formulas
Class 10 Maths Formulas PDF
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Linear Equations
One Variable ax+b=0 a≠0 and a&b are real numbers

Two variable ax+by+c = 0 a≠0 & b≠0 and a,b & c are real numbers

Three Variable ax+by+cz+d=0 a≠0 , b≠0, c≠0 and a,b,c,d are real numbers

Pair of Linear Equations in two variables

a1x+b1y+c1=0
a2x+b2y+c2=0

Where

 a , b , c , a , b , and c  are all real numbers and

1 1 1 2 2 2

 a +b  ≠ 0 & a + b  ≠ 0
1
2
1
2
2
2 
2
2

It should be noted that linear equations in two variables can also be represented in graphical

form.
Quadratic Equation and Formula
The standard form of a Quadratic Equation is:
ax2+bx+c=0 where a ≠ 0
And x = [-b ± √(b2 – 4ac)]/2a
Algebraic formulas

 (a+b) = a + b + 2ab 2  2  2 

 (a-b) = a + b – 2ab 2  2  2 

 (a+b) (a-b) = a – b 2  2

 (x + a)(x + b) = x  + (a + b)x + ab 2

 (x + a)(x – b) = x  + (a – b)x – ab 2

 (x – a)(x + b) = x  + (b – a)x – ab 2

 (x – a)(x – b) = x  – (a + b)x + ab 2

 (a + b)  = a  + b  + 3ab(a + b) 3 3 3

 (a – b)  = a  – b  – 3ab(a – b) 3 3 3

 (x + y + z)  = x  + y  + z  + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz 2 2 2 2

 (x + y – z)  = x  + y  + z  + 2xy – 2yz – 2xz 2 2 2 2

 (x – y + z)  = x  + y  + z  – 2xy – 2yz + 2xz 2 2 2 2

 (x – y – z)  = x  + y  + z  – 2xy + 2yz – 2xz 2 2 2 2

 x  + y  + z  – 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x  + y  + z  – xy – yz -xz)

3 3 3 2 2 2

 x + y  =½ [(x + y)  + (x – y) ]
2  2 2 2

 (x + a) (x + b) (x + c) = x  + (a + b +c)x  + (ab + bc + ca)x + abc 3 2

 x  + y = (x + y) (x  – xy + y )
3 3 2 2

 x  – y  = (x – y) (x  + xy + y )
3 3 2 2

 x  + y  + z  -xy – yz – zx = ½ [(x-y)  + (y-z)  + (z-x) ]

2 2 2 2 2 2

Click here to check all algebra formulas

Basic formulas for powers

 p xp=p
m  n  m+n

 {p }⁄{p } = p
m n m-n

 (p ) = p
m n  mn

 p  = 1/p
-m m

 p  = p
1

 P=1
0 

Arithmetic Progression(AP) Formulas

If a , a , a , a , a , a ,  are the terms of AP and d is the common difference between each term,
1 2 3 4 5 6 …

then we can write the sequence as; a a+d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d, a+5d,….,nth term… where a is , 

the first term. Now, n  term for arithmetic progression is given as; th

nth term = a + (n-1) d

Sum of the first n terms in Arithmetic Progression;

Sn = n/2 [2a + (n-1) d]

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10

Trigonometry maths formulas for Class 10 cover three major functions Sine, Cosine and
Tangent for a right-angle triangle. Also, in trigonometry, the functions sec, cosec and cot
formulas can be derived with the help of sin, cos and tan formulas.
Let a right-angled triangle ABC is right-angled at point B and have [latex]\angle
\theta[/latex].
Sin θ= [latex]\frac{Side\, opposite\, to\, angle\, \theta}{Hypotenuse}[/latex]=[latex]\
frac{Perpendicular}{Hypotenuse}[/latex] = P/H
Cos θ = [latex]\frac{Adjacent\, side\, to\, angle\, \theta}{Hypotenuse}[/latex] = [latex]\
frac{Base}{Hypotenuse}[/latex] = B/H
Tan θ = [latex]\frac{Side\, opposite\, to\, angle\, \theta}{Adjacent\, side\, to\, angle\,
\theta}[/latex] = P/B
Sec θ = [latex]\frac{1}{cos\, \theta }[/latex]
Cot θ = [latex]\frac{1}{tan\, \theta }[/latex]
Cosec θ = [latex]\frac{1}{sin\, \theta }[/latex]
Tan θ = [latex]\frac{Sin\, \theta }{Cos\, \theta }[/latex]
Trigonometry Table:
Angle 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°

Sinθ 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1

Cosθ 1 √3/2 1/√2 ½ 0

Tanθ 0 1/√3 1 √3 Undefined

Cotθ Undefined √3 1 1/√3 0

Secθ 1 2/√3 √2 2 Undefined

Cosecθ Undefined 2 √2 2/√3 1

Other Trigonometric formulas:

sin(90° – θ) = cos θ

 cos(90° – θ) = sin θ
 tan(90° – θ) = cot θ
 cot(90° – θ) = tan θ
 sec(90° – θ) = cosecθ
 cosec(90° – θ) = secθ
 sin θ + cos  θ = 1
2 2

 sec θ = 1 + tan θ for 0° ≤ θ < 90°

2  2

 Cosec θ = 1 + cot  θ for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°

2  2

Get complete Trigonometry Formulas list here

Circles Formulas For Class 10

 Circumference of the circle = 2 π r

 Area of the circle = π r 2

 Area of the sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × π r 2

  Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r
(r = radius of the circle)
Surface Area and Volumes Formulas For Class 10
The common formulas from the surface area and volumes chapter in 10  class include the th

following:

 Sphere Formulas
Diameter of sphere 2r

Surface area of sphere 4 π r2

Volume of Sphere 4/3 π r3

 Cylinder Formulas
Curved surface area of Cylinder 2 πrh

Area of two circular bases 2 πr2

Total surface area of Cylinder Circumference of Cylinder + Curved surface area of Cylinder = 2 πrh + 2 πr2

Volume of Cylinder π r2 h

 Cone Formulas
Slant height of cone l = √(r2 + h2)

Curved surface area of cone πrl

Total surface area of cone πr (l + r)

Volume of cone ⅓ π r2 h

 Cuboid Formulas
Perimeter of cuboid 4(l + b +h)

Length of the longest diagonal of a cuboid √(l2 + b2 + h2)

Total surface area of cuboid 2(l×b + b×h + l×h)

Volume of Cuboid l×b×h

Here, l = length, b = breadth and h = height. In case of Cube, put l = b = h = a, as cube all its
sides of equal length, to find the surface area and volumes.
Statistics Formulas for Class 10
In class 10, the chapter statistics mostly deals with finding the mean, median and mode of
grouped data.
(I) The mean of the grouped data can be found by 3 methods.

1. Direct Method: x̅ = [latex]\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}f_i

x_i}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}f_i}[/latex], where ∑f x is the sum of observations from value i
i  i 

= 1 to n And ∑f is the number of observations from value i = 1 to n

i 

2. Assumed mean method : x̅ = [latex]a+\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}f_i d_i}{\

sum_{i=1}^{n}f_i}[/latex]
3. Step deviation method : x̅ = [latex]a+\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}f_i u_i}{\
sum_{i=1}^{n}f_i}\times h[/latex]

(II) The mode of grouped data:

Mode = [latex]l+\frac{f_1 – f_0}{2f_1 – f_0 – f_2} \times h[/latex]
(III) The median for a grouped data:
Median = [latex]l+\frac{\frac{n}{2} – cf}{f} \times h[/latex]
More Formulas for Class 10

 Geometry Formulas For Class 10

 Algebra Formulas for Class 10
 Mensuration Formulas Class 10
 Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10