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Math 237 P02 - Exact Differential Equations 3062023-1

This document discusses exact differential equations. It provides examples of using the test for exactness to determine if a given differential equation is exact. The steps outlined to solve an exact differential equation are: 1) test for exactness, 2) take partial derivatives to set up integrations, 3) integrate and solve for an arbitrary function, 4) substitute back to find the general solution. Examples are worked through, applying these steps to solve several exact differential equations.

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Shunsui Sy
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120 views16 pages

Math 237 P02 - Exact Differential Equations 3062023-1

This document discusses exact differential equations. It provides examples of using the test for exactness to determine if a given differential equation is exact. The steps outlined to solve an exact differential equation are: 1) test for exactness, 2) take partial derivatives to set up integrations, 3) integrate and solve for an arbitrary function, 4) substitute back to find the general solution. Examples are worked through, applying these steps to solve several exact differential equations.

Uploaded by

Shunsui Sy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXACT DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


1
EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Test for Exactness:
The D.E. 𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 is exact iff:
𝜕𝑀(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕𝑁(𝑥,𝑦)
=
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
Examples:
Test for Exactness:
1.) 6𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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Test for Exactness
2.) 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

3.) 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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Test for Exactness
4. ) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

5.) 3 + 𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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Test for Exactness
6. ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 2𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(2𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 1)𝑑𝜃 = 0

7.) 𝑤 3 + 𝑤𝑧 2 − 𝑧 𝑑𝑤 + 𝑧 3 + 𝑤 2 𝑧 − 𝑤 𝑑𝑧 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


5
SOLVING EXACT D.E.
If the equation 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 is exact, there exists a solution 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) =
𝐶 such that 𝑑𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶.
STEPS IN SOLVING:
1.) Test for Exactness.
𝜕𝐹(𝑥,𝑦)
2.) Let = 𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 eq.1
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹(𝑥,𝑦)
Let = 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 eq. 2
𝜕𝑦
3.) Integrate the simpler equation with respect to 𝒙 (or 𝒚) to obtain
𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝐺 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑇 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝐺 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑇(𝑥) eq. A
4.) Differentiate eq. A partially with respect to 𝒚 ( or 𝒙)
5.) Solve for 𝑻(𝒚) 𝑜𝑟 𝑻(𝒙)
6.) Substitute 𝑻(𝒚) 𝑜𝑟 𝑻(𝒙) to eq. A
7.) (OPTIONAL) Check by getting the total differentials

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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Solve the D.E.
6𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


7
Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada
8
Solve the D.E.
𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada
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Solve the D.E
2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0.

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada
12
Solve the D.E.
2𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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Solve the D.E.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 2𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(2𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 1)𝑑𝜃 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


14
Solve the D.E.

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


15
Activity No. 4

Solve the D.E.

1.) 3 + 𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

2.) 𝑤 3 + 𝑤𝑧 2 − 𝑧 𝑑𝑤 + 𝑧 3 + 𝑤 2 𝑧 − 𝑤 𝑑𝑧 = 0

Prepared by: Engr. Coleta Y. Lim - Esplanada


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