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ESTIMATING, COSTING
AND

SPECIFICATION
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

PRINCIPLB AND APPLICATION

INCLUDING
PROJECT &fflMATE •VALUATION •ACCOUNTS •CONTRACT •PhANNING ec.,.M.
ww FOR DBGRBE, A.M.I B., DIPLOMA STUDBNTS

w.E AND FOR OTHBR.S IN THB PROFESSION

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M. K. S. SYSTEM ·

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ES'l!UUTES ON BUILDINGS, RENOVATION ESTIMATE, R.0.0, FRAMED BUIL~lNG, R,0,0, WORR:8,

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WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS, ROOF TRUSS, E!RTHWORK, OULVlllRT, CAUSEWAY,
IRRIGATIO:iJ, ANALYSIS OF RATF.8, CARRIAGg OF MATERIALS, HOUSE WIRING,

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METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS, SPEOIFIOATION, VALUATION, AOOOUNTS, CONTRA.OT,
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COST INDEX, FORMULA.E OALOULATE QUANTITY OF MATERIALS AND
LABOUR, PLANNING, NETWORK TEOHNIC, SCHEDULE OF RATES, .ne
CONVERSION FACTOR, AND STEEL TABLE, ETO,
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BY
M. CH AKRABORTI
Chartered Engineer.

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PUBLISHED BY AUTHOR
21B, Bhabananda Road,
Calcutta-26

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FIRST EDITION
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For this book write to :

M. Chakraborti
21B, Bbabananda Road,
Calcutta-26
Printed by I R. m. Oupta, at R. K.\. Printers, 10B1 Creek Lano, Ca1'!700014

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Apprise Education, Reprise Innovations
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITIO~

Being in touch with many Civil Engineering Students as a lecturer of Civil Engineering,
I realised that the students face great difficulties in studying this subject for want of an up-to•

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date book on "Estimating, Costing and Specification." This realisation gave me an incentive
to write a book of this nature. From my practical experience in Govt. aervice also, for a long
time, I have tried to cover up in my book those problems which the students generally face

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io the practical field after passing from Engineering institutions. ll'he book wlll, therefore,
be uaeful to the men in the practical field also.

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Many drawings in .enlarged forms have been incorporated in this' book so that the
atudenta may follow drawings perfectly co-ordinating the subject matter, In the R.C.C. chapter

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numerous informative note, with drawings have been arranged first before starting the detailed
eatimate. Endeavour bas been made to characterize the individuality of different chapters viz,

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Water-Supply and Sanitary Works, Division and Areas of tand, Analysis of rates, Roads
otc. NumeroUI examples including some question papers of both West Bengal and Bihar
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engineering degree and diploma courses have been solved. A number of estimates have been
prepared in F.P.S. and Metric system, 10 that the students may feel free to work in any system
or to convert any ueimate from one to the other system.
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l acknowledge tile great helps received by me from various eminent engineers of dift'erent

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Eopneering departments and outside too. To compile various subjects in this volume it bu
been necessary for me to consult innumerable books. Of them R. C. Designen Band book by
J.teynolda and Civil Engµieering Hand Book by Khanna deserve special mention.
Sympathetic 11ggesflona from different corners are cordially invited for further
lntprovementa i1l tho aubaequent editions.
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Auau•t. 1963, M. GHAaABOaTI

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CONTENTS

Page No,.
CHAPTER 1-latroductloa 1-8
What is an Estimate ; Different kinds of Estimates ; How to prepare a
detailed Estimate ; Factors to be considered during preparation of a
detailed Estimate ; How to fix up rate per unit of an item, Market Rate :
Schedule of Rate ; Sub-head of Estimate ; Areas of Buildina ; Abstract of
estimated cost ; Carpet area, Plinth area, Floor area or Rentable area ;
Exercises.
CHAPTBR II-Elements of Building Estimate 9-1S
Sizes of Bricks ; General items of work, unit of measurement ; unit of rate
and mode of measurement based on IS-1200; Degree of accuracy in
Estimating ; Some Simple Estimates ; Different methods of estimating,

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Building works and illustrations ; Basis of calculations by both centre line
and Long-Short wall Methods for buildings having partition wall the same
section to that of main wall; Par:ition and Verandah walls having different
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cross section to that of main wall ; Partition or Verandah wall having
different cross section to that of main wall and when a some footing joins
along with several footings of the main wall ; A building having verandah
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dwarf wall, verandah pillars with isolated footings and different depths of
foundations as that of main wall ; A building with front wall abutting

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road ; Building having several rooms along with front and back verandah ;
Calculation of arches, Different types of steps Calculation of brickwork: by

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both the Methods for a building with a semi-circular portion; Portion
with segment of a circle ; With sides of polygon ; Exercises.
CHAPTER Ill-Estimate of Buildings
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Estimat~s by both the methods for a single roomed building, two roomed
76-202

section of walls with comparison of co~t ; Octagonal Pump-House;

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building with comparison of cost ; Two roomed building with different
Building-5, Building-6 with three rooms, Building-7 with 6 rooms ; A
Modern building-7 with garage and staircase ; Estimate from line plan of a
building ; Estimate of a Two Storied building with comparison of cost .ne
( ihe detailed estimate of this building when built up with R.C. frame
structure bas been prepared in t.he R.C. chapter and compared the, cost
there ; Renovation estimate for an old building ; Approximate estimates
of the quantities of (a) bricks, sand and cement ; Sub-work ; Summary of
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Estimated cost. ; Working drawing ; Site plan ; lndex plan ; Key plan ;
Schedule ; External services ; Prime cost ; Day work ; Provisional sum ;
Index of building cost ; Comparison the cost of construction of a corner,
partition and cross walls ; Comparative cost of domestic building ;
Bxerci1es.
CHAPTER IV-Relaforced Ccmeat Concrete Works 203-254
Stirrups ; Bent up bars ; Lapa in bars ; Bad anchorage ; Reinforcement in
beams, Slabs; Longitudinal reinforcement in columns; Barbendiug
schedule and estimate of R.C. Lintel; T-beam; Continuous T-beams;
Columns ; Portal frame ; Cantilevered slab ; Retaining wall ; Staircase ;
R.C. framed building with columns, Main and secondary beams;
Advantages of R.C.C. framed structure building; Designed i•beams
for domestic purposes ; Bxerciac1.

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c ii e
CHAPTER V-Woocl Work for Doors and Windows. 255-264
Estimate of' a Battened ledged door leaf; Estimate of a panelled door
shutter; Bstimate of a Venelioned Window shutter ; Estimate of a single
leaf panel door ; Estimate of a Glazed Window abutter ; Exercises.
CHAPTER VI -Water Supply and Sanitary Works 265-310
Method of measurement based on IS-1200; Estimate for sinking Tube
wells ; Design of strainer length of a tube-well ; Esimate of a Masonry
well ; Estimate of R.C. reservoir ; Estimates of surface drains ; Estimate
of septic tanks ; Design of a houae-hold septic Tank ; Yard Gully ; Master
Trap ; Water-closet; Wash Basins ; Gradients and pipe size for sewer
lines according to IS : 1742 ; Jointing of Glazed Stoneware pipe ; Raio
Water pipes for drainage of roofs according to IS: 1742. Manhole
according to IS-411 ; Estimate of Manhole ; Estimate of Sewer line ;
'Probable items of work for sanitary plumbing ; Bstimate for service

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connection ; Internal plumbing and Water supply Estimate for a two
storied building.
CHAPTER VII-Sloped Roof, Roof Truss and Steel Structures 311-334

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Estimate of a sloped roof with Mangalore Tiles ; Trussed roofs ; Estimate
of timber roof trusses ; Estimate of steel truss ; Estimate of a Grillage
foundation ; Some steel connections ; Estimate of a Sliced Girder.

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CHAPTER VIII-Roads A-Earthwork; B-Bridges and Culvert; C-Pavements ...
Mode of measurement for earthwork ; Materials for roadwork based on
335-390

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IS-1200; Lead and Lift; Volume of earthwork by M1dscc1ion. Trapezoidal
and Prismoidal formula ; Area of turfing ; Estimate of earthwork from
L-sections with Examples l· 11 ; Pri~moidal correction ; Curvature

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corrections ; Earthwork for Hiil road ; Earthwork for roads having Two.
Level and Three-Level sections ; Examples 1-6; Estimates of Arch

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culvert; Slab culvert; Hume pipe culvert; Vented Causeway; Splayed
culvert; Notes on Sub-grade, Camber, Superclation, premix carpet,
Examples; Estimates of city roads and other types of roads; Concrete roads.
CHAPTER IX-Irrigation Works
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Earthwork in Canals; Examples 1-7, Estimate of an Aqueduct; A R.C.C.
391·416

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spun pipe Sluice ; Eatimate of a Fall ; Estimate of a Syphon ; Taking oiI in
Quantity Surveying; Abstracting in Quantity Surveying; General Abstract
of cost ; Abstract of cost of estimate.
CHAPTER X-Electrification of Building
Different parts of Electritic.1tion ; ,Different system of wiring-Teak wood.
batten wiring ; Surface conduit, Concealed and Cleat wiring ; Fan point ;
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411-425

Light point, 3-pin plug point ; Earthing ; Rating of Lamp, Fan and
Socket-Outlet points; Example,
CHAPTER XI-AoaJysls of Rates 426-497
What is analysis of rate, How this is to be prepared; Water charges;
Estimating labour ; Task or out-turn work ; Quantity of materials for
different items of works ; Analysis of rates for manufacturing bricks ;
Production of overburnt brick ballast, Earthwork, Filling in trenche&,
plinth; Analysis of rate for concrete works ; R.C.C. works; Reinforced
brickwork ; Shuttering and staging ; Analysia of rates for brickwork ;
An1ly1is of rate for Stone Masonry ; Analysis of rates for flooring,
Terra1,10ftoor; Terrazzo Skirtin1 or Dado,PrecastTerrazzo tiles; Analyeia

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of rate for Roofing : CJ. rain water pipes ; A.C. rain water pipes ; Analysis
of rate for Plastering and Finishing ; Limo punning ; Painting for wood-
work; Spray painting; Painting with plastic emulsion on new work or old
work ; Analysis of rate for Demolishing. Analysis of rate for carriage of
materials ; Analysis of rates for different dia. 0.1. and C I. pipes ; Stone
ware pipes; Estimate for supplying, fitting and fixing Lavatorybasin; Glazed
fireclay i Sink ; Indian type glazed W.C. pan, Urinal basin ; Analysis for
earthwork ; brick flat soling ; stone edging : laying and consolidating
brick ballast ; Surface dressing ; Semi Grouting, Premix.
CHAPTER XII-Estimating of Quantity of Materials 498-507
Batimate for quantity of materials for Jail compound wall, R.C.C. under-
ground Reservoir, Counterfort Retaining wall, Surface drain, Abutment
wall, and Staircase ; Example.

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CHAPTER XIII-Specification
Necessity of Specification ; Tvpes of Specifications ; General specification ;
Specifications for Bricks, Cement, Sand, Water, Lime, reinforcement ;
508-544

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Storing and handling of Materials ; Specifications for earthwork, Soling,
Lime and cement concrete ; Brickwork ; Floorings ; D,P.C ; R.C.C ; R.B.
work, cement plastering, Lime Terracing l White and colour washing;
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Distempering ; Woodwork I Paintings ; Vernishing, Polishing I Dccora~
tive cement coating ; Down pipes Lighting conductor; Stone masonry

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works ; A.C. and 0.1. roofing ; Indian patern water closet including
flushing cistern : European pattern water closet including flushing cistern ;

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Shower bath : G l. pipes in a huilding; Half-brick partitil\n wall : Water
bound Mecadam roads ; Surface dressing ; Prcmixt'd carpet : Specification
for dilfore;nt categories ol' rvads.
CHAPTER XIV-Project Estimate
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Estimate for a project ; Reports on Estimates ; Estimate for a Building
...

CHAPTER XV-Valuation ing

Project; Road Project: Irrigation Project; A small Sewarage Project,
... 555-590
What is valuation ; Difference between value and cost ; Purposes of
valuation ; Gross income ; Outgoings : Net income ; Scrap value ; Salvage .ne
value; Market value; Book value; Differcmce between market and Book
value ; ABSesaed value ; Sinking fund ; Determination of sinking fund
Examples ; Capitalised value; Year's purchase, Example ; Depreciation :
Obaolescence ; Differentiation between DepreciatiJn and Obsolescence :
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Amorization; Annuity; Valuation Tables; Determination of Depre:
ciation; Examples ; Different methods of valuation ; Examples on each
method ; Fixation of standard rent ; A Freehold property ; A leasehold
property; Mortgage; Equity of Redemplion ; Basis of valuation for the
purpose of mortgage, Example ; Valuation and Rent fixation of Government
building ; Calculati?D of the Standard Rent for residence of Govt building ;
Bxamples ; Valuation of Laod ; Examples ; Methods of Assesing the
renmble value of a property ; Exercises.
CHAPTER XVI-Accounts ... 591-608
Introduction ; Function of the P. W. Department ; Organisation ; Staaes
in execution of works; Main division of accounts; System of P.W.
accounts ; Divisional Accountant ; Cash ; Stores ; Tools and PJants •
Transfer Entries; Revenue Recipts; Works accounts; Cancelled, lo1t 0;
lapsed cheques.

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[ Iv ]
CHAPTBR. XVII-Contracts 609.648
What ls contract ; Contractors and their Qualifications ; Authoritie1
Competent to enter into contracts ; Essentials of Contracts ; Types of
Bngineering Contract, their advantages and di1advantages; Item rate
contract ; Percentage rate contract, Lump-sum contract, Labour contract,
Materials supply contract, Price Work Agreement, Cost Plus percentage
rate contract, Coit Plus Fixed fee contract, Coat plus sliding or fluctuating
Fee Scale contract ; Targe, Contract ; Measured contract or Schedule
contracts, Negotiated contracts; What is tender ; Tender Form; Tender
documents ; Tender notice ; Time limits of Tender Notice ; Global
Tender; Sale of Tender Papers ; Submiuion of tender and deposit of
, Earnest Money ; Opening of tenders ; Comparative Statement of Tenders ;
What is informal tender; Unbalanced Tenders, Example ; Acceptance

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of Tender; Specimen form of tender, accepting the Tender, Work Order;
Contract Documents ; Conditions of Contract ; Earnest Money ; Security
Dcpoait ; Retention money ; Difference between Security deposit and
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Retention money ; Liquidated damage ; Unliquidated damage ; Clauses
of contract; Special terms and conditions ; Execution of Civil Engineering
Works; Measurement and payment for works done by contractor;
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Measurement for completed works ; Measurement Book : Determination
of contract ; Termination of a contract ; Maintenance period of a contract ;

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Refund of Security Deposit; Works carried out otherwise then by
contracts.
CHAPTBR XVIII-Plaoning of BuUding
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Orientation of Building ; General Planning Factors ; How the cost of a
649-664

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building may be lowered without omitting main requirements; Require•_
ment of floor ani cubic space per capita; Floor Area Ratio (FAR);

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Building Bye Laws ; Plans of different types of Residential Buildings with
short notes ; Equations for Labour Requirements ; Cost Index,
CBAPTBR XIX-C. P. M. Network
Introduction ; Basic concept of Network ; Event, Activity ; The Basic
Basentials to draw a C. P. M. diagram; Drawing the Network, Planning .ne 665-671

the network, Analysing : Completion period ; Critical Path ; Non-critical

Activities ; Dummy or Redundant Activity; Float; Earliest Event Time;
Latest Bvcnt Time; Advantages of CPM.
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CHAPTBR XX-Schedule of Rates • ... 672•688
Barthwork ; Concrete ; Damp Proof Course ; Brickwork ; Flooring ;
Roofing and sheet Walling ; Structural Steelwork, Ori11s, Oates etc;
Pl11terin1 and Pointing etc ; Carpenters and Timber works ; Whitewash ;
Colourwasb, Distemper; Painting and Varnishing; Drains, Down pipes
etc. ; Watersupply and Sanitary works; Soling, Edging and Metalin1 ;
Bituminous works for Roads ; Labour Rates.
APPBNDIX 1-Convenion Tables ; Weights of some Engineering materials ; 689-692
Mensuration ; Some general Formulae.
APPBNDIX II-Metric Standard Steel Tables 693-700
Dimonaiona and Properties of l•Beams, Channels, Equal Angles, unequal
Anglea, Tee ; Mild Steel Plata, Normal weight of Galvanizd Iron Sheets.
INDBX.- 70h708

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CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
1-1. What is an Estimate '?-Before taking up any work for it's execution the
ow.1cr or b.1ilder should have a thorough knowledge ahout the volume of work that can
be camplctcJ within the limits of his funds or the probable cost that may be required to
c implete the contemplated work. It becomes therefore necessary to prepare the probable
cost or e,;timat,~ for the intended work from its plan and specifica tilln. Othcrwi~e. it may
so happen that the work has to be stopped bdore its comp let ion due to shortage of funds
or of materials. Besides the above an estimate for any public construction work is asked
to be prep ired a, J ~ubmikd bdi>rchanJ :-.o that ;,anction of ncce:-.sary fund;, may be
obtained from the authority concerned.
Thus an estimate for any construction work may be defined a" the process of
calculating the quantities and costs of th1.: various items required in connection with the
work. To prep trc an estimate, drawings consisting the plan, the elevation and the sections
thr,)u~~l1 i np )rtant ruin Ls, alungwith a detailed specification giving specific description of
all workmanship. properties and proportion or matl'rials, arc required.
1-2 Different kind& of Estimates-An c._timate prepared from the plans and specifi-
catinns and nn ;ulting the present markc-t prices of materials is never the actual cost of
work. Ikc~u,c the cost of materials and lahour may vary durm~ the period of its actual
cx•~c:iti,l:l nr due L> variatio•l'i and modification, of actual dimension-; ~hown in the
dr.iwing or due to some unforscen cnntingenciL·s. The difference between the estimatl'd
and the adual cn::-.t will depend upon the skill and accuracy of the estimator. There are
different kinds ,lf cs;timatc~ and they arc-
(1) A detailed Estimate-Thi<; includes the quantitie, and cost of everything
r..:quircd t~>r sati~foctory 1.·,m1pktion of wMk and thi;. i~ the best and most reliable estimate
that can be nndc. A d.:-t,1iled c-..timatc i-; accompanit\l with (a) Rlpon. (b) Specifications,
(c) Detailc,l drawing-, showing plan<;. different SccLions, Key or Index plan etc., (d) Design
data, and c,tlcul:itiom,, (e) Basi; of rates adopted in th1.: estimate. Such a detailed e!.timate
j-, pr.:pucd 1:ir Lcchnical sauction, admini,trative approval and also to execute a contract
with the contr,1--:t,H. The mcth,)d of preparation a dctaile•1 estimate ha5 been described in
the next article. •
12) A preliminary or_'approxlmate or rough Estimate-Thi:-. 1s an approximate estimate
made to findout an approximate c,)st in a short time and thu~ enable th1.: re~pons1blc
authority concern t1) consider the fiuancial aspect or the ~chcmc for according sanction to
the same. Such an estimate i;, framed after knowing the rate of similar works and by the
use of any one of the following method-; of c;.timatcs : -
(a) Unit rate estimate (b) Plinth area estimate le) Cabe rate estimate.
(a) Unit rate Estimate-In this method all costs of a unit quantity such as per k.m.
for a highway, per metre of span for a bridge, per cla!>sroom for school building, per bed
for hospital, per litre (or gallon) for water tank etc. arc considered first and the estimate
is prepared by multiplying the cost per corresponding unit by the number of units in the
structure.

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2 ESTIMWNG, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(b) PU•tlt area Eltbute-In this method the plinth area should be calculated by
taking the external dimensions of the building at the plinth. Court yard and other open
areas should not be included in the plinth area. At the begining, when plan of a building
has not yet been prepared or available determine the total f1,1or area of all the rooms
corridor, verandah, kitchen, W. C. and bath according to the requirement of the owner,
and of the total areas thus found, may be added for walls and waste to get the approxi-
mate total plinth area. The plinth area thus found shall be multiplied by the plinth area
rate for similar type design and specification of building at the locality.

(1) Cm rate Eatlaale -The method of estimating building cost by the cubic
• metre (or cubic foot) of volume is more accurate in general, than the method of estimating
cost by plinth area. Because cost of building depends not only on their plinth area but

wwalso on their respective height. The best of estimating costs by the cubic rate is to find
the volume of the building (length x breadth x heigth) and then multiply the volume by the

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local cubic rate for similar type of building. Length and breadth ~h >Uld be measured
external to external excluding plinth offset, corbelling, string course etc. The height
should be measured from the top of the flat roof (or half way of the sloped roof) to half

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the depth of the foundation below the plinth. Parapet is not to be include,}.

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(3) A qwantlty Elflmste •r qn1ttty s■ney--This is a complete estimate of the
quantities of materials that may be required to complete the work c:rncerned.

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(') lleYINcl £1tim1te -When a sanctioned estimate is likely to be exceeded by more

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than 5 percent either from the rates being found insufficient due to change to price level
or from any cause whatever. except important structural alterations an estimate is pre-

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p:ired which is called a rcvi,ed estimate. In case where important structural alterations
are ccmtemplated though not nece~sarily involving an increased outlay revised estimate

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sh)uld also be sub11Lted for technical sa11ction. The method of preparation a revised
estimate is sam,) as that a detailed estimate. A comperative statement showing in an

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ab,tract form the pr0b1b!c varia~ions of each item of W,Hks, its quantity, rate as compared
with the original estim ite stating the reasons of variations should be attached with it.

(5) A Sippll111entary Ettlautt -WiJ.ile a W->rk is in pr->gress some additional works

may be thought necessary for development of a project which was not foreseen when the
original estimate w.is framed and the expenditure for such supplimentary work cannot
be meet up from savings elsewhere within the Grant, an estimate is then prepared to cover
up all such w.-irks which is known as supplimentary estimate. The method of preparation
of a supplimcntary estimate is same as that a detailed estimate and it should be accom-
panied by a full rep'.lrt of the circumstances which render it necessary. The abstract must
show the amount of the original estimate and the total of the sanction required including
tbe supplimentary amount,

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INTRODUCTION 3
(6) A complete Estimate-This is an estimated cost of all items which are related
to the work in addition to the main contract or to the detailed estimate.
One may think that an estimate of a structure includes only the cost of land and
the cost o~ the main contracts or labour, materials and supervision. But there are many
other cost items to be included. A picture of a complete estimate is diagrammatically
shown as below.

COMPLETE E§TIMATE
I

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Cost of
Land.
Cost of main contract
or material, labour
and supervi~ion.
Engineering
fees.
Miscellaneous viz.,
transportation cost of
owner with his party.

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Permit fees for water
and E lcctricity during

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Cost of legal expense-,
required between the of the work for construction.
Owner and the extra works.
contractor.
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Cost for preparation
of plan, de~ign and
C5timate. eerSupervision of
works.

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Cost of
Surveying.
Defaulting taxes of land, street
improvement if any.
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First cost or Cost of examination of
actual cost of deeds, title of land and
land. execution of deeds.

(7) ADaNI Malatenaace :l1tlmate-Aftcr completion of a work it becomes necessary

to maintain the same for its proper function and for the same estimate is prepared
for the items which require renewal, replacement, repairs etc. in the form of a detailed
estimate
1-3. Bow to prepare a detailed Estimate- The unit-quantity method is followed to
prepare a detailed estimate. In this method the rate~ per unit work of one item (viz., one
cu m concrete, one cu m brickwork etc.) including profit are considered first and the total

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4 ESTJMATING, COSTING AND SPEClFJCATION

cost for the item is found by multiplying the cost p;!r unit of the rate by the number or
units. For eximple on a simple concrete job the rate of one cubic metre of concrete
would be first found (including profit) and this unit cost is multiplied by the number of
units (each in one cubic m:trc) required in the job to obtain the total cost on concrete
work.
Thus after obtaining the cost of each and every individual item of work and then
adding them all together, an ab~tract or e-;timated co~t is prepared. This estimated cost
is increased by 5% (acording to the practice of Public Work5 Departmenb) for any un-
foreseen expenditure and is c,1Jled 'contingencies' . To maintain additional supervising staff
at work site called 'workcharged' e~tabfo,hmcnt. a further amount of 2i% (as mostly

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followed in various public work-_ dcpartmcnb) i~ directly charged to the estimate prepared
from the item works. Thus by 1ummation of (a) coat obtained by adding all Item, pric1d,
(b) contlngencle, 5% and (c) workcharged establishment 21 '%, a detailed e1timate is
prepared.
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The detailed estimate is accompanied with :-
(1) Rcp.:,rt.
(2) Specification~
followed). En
(for departmental works Jcpartmental specifications arc

(3)
layout plan or Index plan. gin
Drawings consisting of (a) Plans, sections and elevations, lb) Site plan or

(4) Design charts and calculation s.

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(5)
mentioned, otherwise analysis of rate is l'Cllllircd. ing
P.trticulars of rates. In case of ~chcdule of d.:partmcnlal rates this i:-. to be

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The detailed estimate thus prepared 1s submitted for technicll sanction and for
granting the necessary fund.

l-4 Factors to be considered durina preparation of a detailed E8timate- t

(a) Quantity of materlals-- f'or a large construction a large 4uantily of materials
is required and this can b.:: purch.i ~cd at a rate cheaper than the rate of materials required
for minor work. Th•~rcforc, rate of w,1rks ~hould b.:: framed c~nsidcring the volume of
work.
(b) Availability of materlal,-Estimatcd cost of a partic~llar item becomes higher
than the scheduled rate if there is no as .. urancc tlnt the materials will be available as and
when required, because it is detrimental to the progress of the work if the w9rkers and
maintainance staff remain idle for plucity of materials.
(c) Tran1portatlon of Materials-If smallar quantity of materials is required to be
transpJrted to a considerable distance, the proportionate cost of transportation becomes
higher in comparison with the cost of a larger quantity transported at a time.

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INTRODUCTION 5
(d) Location ofaitt-lfthe site of work is located at ~uch a place where loading,
unloading, stacking and restacking of materials become nec..:-;sary several times due to
different kinds of journey, the p::iint of damage or loss in transit sNi.uld be considered
carefully.
(e) Local labour charges-Skill and daily wages of local labourer should be
considered before preparation of a detailed estimate.
l•S. How to fix up nte per Ualt of an item-(Unit means unit of rate viz, l cu m
brickwork, l cu m concr..:te work etc.). The following five sub-heads are estimated and a
summation of these is the rate per unit of an item.
(a) Quantity of materials and cost
{b) Labour costf>

ww (c) Costs of equipments or Tools and plants (T. and P.)

(d) Overhead or Establishment charges (including incidental)

w.E
(e) Profit.
(a) Quantity of materials and co1t-The estimator takes off the quantities of various

asy
materials required per unit quantity of an item following the detaild specification and
calculate costs from loc1l market rates. This cost includes first cost, freight, tr:rnsporta-
tion and insurance charges.
En
(b) Labour cost-To obtain labour costs, the number and wages of the different

gin
categories of labourers, :,,killed, and unskilled, namely mason or carpenter, mazdoor, boy
etc. required for each unit of work should be known and this number is to be multiplied by
the respective wage per day (or pe:- hour).
eer
(c)
ing
Cost of equipments-Wherever possible the cost of equipments should be
allocated to specific item of rate ; for example, the cost of operating a concrete mixer

.ne
should be spread over those items of rates for which it is used. For certain tools and
plants it is difficult to allocate their use to an individual item of rates and it is, therefore,
suggested to include expenditure in such cases to over-head i. c. establishment charges.
Tools an• Plants (T. and P.)- For big work or project it becomes necessary to use
special type of tools and plants, viz., for Calcutta Mctropoliton Transport Project
t
special type of concrete mixture machins named as Batching plants, special type of mixed
concrete transport vehicles named as 'Tripping wagon or Dumbc', Cranes etc. arc in use.
Thus for a road project a number of Road rollers are required. In order to purchaf>e
~uch type of special equipments au amount of 1% to Ii% o_f the estimated cost is provided
in the estimate.
(d) Overhead or E&tabli~hment Charges-This includes such items as office rent
and depreciation of its equipments, salaries of office staff, postage, lighting, travelling,
telephone account, plan and specification etc. Small tools, planks, ladders, ropes and
such hand-tools as the contractor provides for his workmen should also be included in the
overhead charge as suggested in (c). This is usually 21% of the net cost of a. unit of rate
and may rise upto 5%

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8 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

1-1.C. Departmental cbaraes -When an Engineering department execute the work of

other dep:irtmcnt or G wi:rnrncnt or local bodies etc. a percentage amount 10% to 15% of
the estimated cost is charged for recovery of the cost of establishment for planning,
dcsigining, supervision, pcnsionary, audit charges etc. Local Administration fix up the·
percentage in consultation;with the Accountant General.
The total expenditure f,,r ab.we works should be shown separately thus-
For work~ expenditure-Rs ..... ..
For Percentage chaq_!,c,-R~ ...... .
1-15. Work Value -This i, the total amlHrnt for all schedule items of wurks provided
in the cstinntc. Thal i, thi.: c~tirn 1ted value of the work excluding the amount for

ww
•cantingencies, Workch I rgcJ E ,lahli,hm.:nt, Tnols and plants etc.
Work value is the an:·HIIJt put lo invite tender.

w.E
l·lCJ. Admlnlttratlve Approval-This terms denotes the formal acceptance, by the
administrative department c,Jnccrncd of the proposal for incurring any expenditure on a

asy
work initiated by or c,rnnccted with the department. It is, in effect, an order to the
department to execute c~rtain ~pccifieJ VMrk, at a stated &um to meet the administrative

En
needs of the department n:quiring the work.
1-17. Technical "anction-Thrs name i;, giving to the 0rdcr of competent authority

gin
sanctioning a properly Jctailed e,timatc of the cost of a work of construction or repair
proposed to be carried out in the department.

eer
ing
EXERCISES I
.ne
I.

2.
What do yo11 unJcr.,tand by cstirn:tting? Why the same is necessary in a
project? Ans : -- 4rJlcle 1-1
What do you un,kr,tand by rough estimate of a prnject ? Why the same is
t
necessary and how this,. i~ prepared?
An1 :-Item (2) from 1/r, Article 1-2.
3, What is a detailed cstinntc and how this is prepared'?
Ans :-Item (1) from the article 1-3.
4. Write short notes on (a) contingency, (b) Work-charged establishment (c)
Schedule of ratc>s (d) m:1 rket rate.
An.s :-Article., from 1·~ to 1-8 and 1-10
5. When a revised or a supplimentary estimate may be called for?
An.J :-Items (4) and (S) from the article 1-2.
6. H()w rate per uriit or :tn item is prepared? Describe briefly. An1 :-Article J-S ;

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CHAPTER JI
ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE
2-1. Metric System-Metric system is a very simple system. because the units are in
multiples of ten or one-tenth of one anoth•~r. In thi, sy-;tem :1rithmctical calculation is

conveniently. ·f~,
simpler than in any other '>ystem :ind minute measurements can be done more

There are altogether five m:iin units in metric system (a) Metre for length (replacing
follt), (b) Square metre for area (replacing square foot). fc) Cubic metre for vnlume
(replacing cubic foot), (d Kilogram for weight replacing p~1ttnd), (e) Litre for capacity
(replacing gallon). There arc 5Ub-units and nrnltiplc unit~ for each main 11nit.
2-2. Dimensions in metric 1y1tem to be used in place or F. P.S. 1ystem

ww
Metric System
1. Size of Rooms-
F.P.S. System

s"x s"
Metric System
2. Height of Building-
F.P.S System

2·4mx2·4m
2·4mx3·0m
3·0mx 3·7m
w.E 8,.X 10"
J0"x 12/
3·0m
3·2m
3·4m
I0'-o-
10,.-6"

3'7m>< 4·3m
4·6mx5·5m asy 12"x 14,.
15,.x 18'
3·7m
4·3m
I l'-0'
12"-o•
14...-0..
3. Height of Plinth- En 4. Steps Rise and Tread
45 cm
60 cm
1/-6/,'
2 ✓-0//
gin 15 cm x 25 cm
15 cm x 27 cm
611 Y IO*
6"xl0r
75 cm
90 cm
:"! /-6,'~
J"-0" eer
15 cm x 28 cm 6" x I I"

5. Damp Proof Course (D.P.C.)-

18 cm x 28 cm
ing
6. Floor Thicknc:ss--
7"xll"

t·S cm thick
2cm thick
~//thick
r✓ thick
2·5 cm thick
4 cm thick .neI" thick
ll" thick
2·s cm thick
4cm thick
1"" thick 8 cm Lhid 3* thick
8. Thickness of Lime or Cement Concrete
in Found;\tion
t
7. Thickncs~ of R.C.C. Roof
·_ !
~
5 cm .:.~~ 10 cm
8cm 3h 15 cm
9 cm :ir 23 cm 9"
IO cm 4° 30 cm 12·
13cm 5/' 45 cm 18"
9. Plastering Thickness- I 0. Thickness of Door & Window Shutter
6 mm 25 mm 1"
12 mm 30mm
20mm 40mm
4S mm

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Metric&:,.... l'.P.S. Sy■tea Metric ly■tea l'.P.S. ly■t•

11. Size o! Chowkats or Door and Window 12. Size of Door-

Frames o·75m x I·8m 2"-6' X 6"-0'
8 cm x6 cm 3' X 2~' 0·75mx 1·9m 2'-6' X 6"..0'
8 cmx8 cm 3' X 3' 0·91m x I·9m 3"-0' X 6'-0'
Pcm x8 cm 3tx3' t·Im x 1·9m 3'-6' X 6.,•6'
10 cm x8 cm 4' X 3' 1·2m X 2·lm 4'-0' X 7.,·0'
13cmx8cm 5' X 3'
ul4. Size of M.S. Beams-
•13. Diameter of M.S. Bar-
6 mm
10 mm s•
~·' I00mm x50mm
125mm x75mm
4'x 1:'
5' X 3'

12 mm .,.• 175mm x90mm 7'x4'

16 mm
20mm ww 1•
•••
,.•
200mm x 100mm
225mm x 110mm
250mm x 125mm
8' x4'
9'x4'
10• x4~•
22mm
2.5mm w.E •1• 300mm x 140mm
350mm x 140mm
12' X 5'
12'x6'
28 mm
32mm
36mm
asy
11·
ll'
q•
16. For Detailed Drawings-
1 cm= l cm I} : l) 1 in-1 ft
J.5. Plan!, Sections and Elevation~-
En 1 cm= 1 cm (1 : 2) rt
6 i11-1

! cm-O·S (1 : SO)
I cm-1 mfJ: 100\ ...
t in=4 ft
tin=gfc gin
1 cm=2·S cm (1 :2·5)
1 cm= 5 cm 1 : 5)
4 ina:::l ft
3 in-1 f't

eer
1 cm= IO cm (1: I 0) 1 in== I ft
t cm=2 m (l : 200) ••. t in=l6 ft
t cm=20 cm (1:20) ~ inaal ft
17. Larae Scale Surveying&. Layout-
I cm-Sm (l : 500> ...
J cm=IO m (1:1000)...
1 in=32 ft
t in=64 ft
18. Town Survey8
2 cm=l km tl:50,000) ing1 inaot mile
19. Top'>graphical Maps
J C'tl.,.2"5 km '1·250,000) .. 1,in-4 miles
4 cm= I km (1 :25,000) .
to cm=l km (1:10,000) .ne
3 iniml mile

t
6in-=lmile
t cm=-1 km (1·100,000) .. t inc::a2 miles t cm=50 m (1: 50001 , 1 inc;, 500 ft

• Weialit1 of M ,. bar per unit l•na,b bas b•n afvq ia ta• a. C. o. Cluptw,
• • Weiptt aad olllec tl•tail1 1r1 iJl th• Appeadi,.

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l
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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATB 11

2-2A. If• of Brlct■ -Size of brick varies according to the practice of dift'ercnt
Public W.)rks 0..-:partments. To introduce a uniform system throughout the country
Indian Standard Institute has fixed up the size of standard modular brict;

-as below:-
Actual size as Nominal size Converted dimensions for
Type of brick manufactured i.e. with mortar I traditional bricks
Ac•u:il Size Nominal Size
(a) Standard 19cmx9cmx 20cmx10cmx
Mooular 9cm 10cm
(b} Traditional 9:• x4:" x2:• to• X 5• X 3• 24·8 cm x 25 cm x 12-s cm
.brick: 12· 1cm x 7cm x7·S cm

ww
(c) Traditional
brick
s:•x4:•x2:-
I
9• x4~• x3" 22·4cm x
ll·2cmx7cm
23 cm x
X7'5cm
ll·s Cit

w.E
Actual size of standard M.>dular bricks with tw.) types Frogs.

t~ OR z.ocm
1•0 0ll&.OC••
-••
asy f
En 9cm.

gin -
,_.,,,,,...
eer
1-•--J9Cm.--+-f"
ALL DINENSIONS IN CENTIMETRES
FIG. 2-1 ing
2-3. ntct■-• ef Wall f., D,lf.,••t llzel ef lrlcb-Brick walls upto and
including three bric!.:s in thickness sh di be measured in multiples of half-brick lVhieh
.ne
t
shall be considered to be i;,cl Jsive of he m.Htar }.1ints a~ 10 cm irresptctive of the actual
thilmess as shown in the table be! )W. F ,r w llliag which is m.Jre than three brick,
in thickness, the actual thtckness of wall ~hall be measured to the neare~t one centimetre.
Practions including O·Scm and aoove shall be taken as l cm and fractions below 0·5 cm
ahall be neglected.
Wall Thickness
Type or brick
: br ;ck I brick. I\ bricb 2 bricks 2 1 brick• 3 brick I
(a) MJdular brick-
20 cm x IO cm x IO cm 10 cm 20 cm 30cm 40cm 50cm 60cm

(b) Traditional brick- s· 10• 15 20· 25• 30•

IO'x5'x3• (l2·5cm) (25 cm '37·Scm) (50cm) 62·Scm> (75cm)
(25cm x 12·5cm x 7·Scm)
M Traditional brick-
9' x4~x x3"
(23cm x 11cm x 7·5cml
4~•
(11cm) 113••
9• cm) {34;m)
(23 I ,s·
(45cm
221·
tS6 cm)
27'
(67~m)

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12 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

2-,. Tht Mode of Measurement for wall thickoe11 adopted by the P. W. n.

department for traditional bricks 10" x 5' x3" taomlnal .

The Thickness of brick wall made with-

(a) One brick laid on ledge (with the long side parallel to the length of the wall i.e. for 3'
walls) shall be mca.,urcd a, 7·5 cm.

(b) One brick laid flat (with the Jong ~id;: paralled to the Jcnglh of the wall i.e. for 5"
walls) shal I be mea~urcd as I 2·5 cm.

(c) One brick thick w,i!lc; (with the length of bril.'.k puallcl to the thickness of the wall
i.e. for 10' wall) shall be measured a~ 25cm.

ww
(d) One and half brick wc1lls (one brick al(lllg the length and one brick along the width

w.E
i.e. for 15• wall) ~lull b: m~a~ured a!> 37·5 cm.

(e) Tw0-brick walls shall b~ measured a~ 50 cm. Fllr furth...:r i brick thickness add 12·Scm

asy
2-5. General Item~ of work, unit of measurement, unit of rate and mode of
mea,aromeat -lli11c,~ o;;p:cific11ly m~ntiuncd in the description of the item itself, the rate
En
fM any item of wJrk shall apply equally to alt floor~, in any pJ,-ition and upto any

gin
height. The w.1~k up~o a p:trticular flo,1r level means all WMks upto the roof of that
fl0or. Arrangement of w:i.tcr for soaking bricks, mixing concrete, mortar, washing of

eer
stonechip~ or sand curing of c-.1ncn-:tc etc. and construction of platf0rms, lab:mr shade
or !>ite g,oclown arc inclurled in the rate of work and no separate payment :.,hall be made.

ing
Unlcs~ ~p~cia lly mcntilrned otherwic;c, the following rn 1d•..-:, of mca<;urement (<1s shown in
colum 4) shall be adopted. To introduce a uniform !'.ystem throughout the country, modes
of meau rcmcnt haw been w rittcn following l.S.1. recommendations.
.ne
The unit of dift\:rent items of work arc based on the following principle-

(a) Mass voluminous and thick wurb shall be taken

(viz. cubic metre cum)
111 t
cubic unit or volume.

(b) Thin, shallow and s1;rfacc work shall be taken in square unit or in area.
The thickness shall be ~pccified in the description of the item and the measure-
ment of length and breadth or projection shall be taken to calculate the area.
(viz. square metre ,;q m).

(c) L'lllg and thin w.>rk shall b::: taken in linear or running unit. and linear
measurement shall be taken (viz. running metre, rm)
(d) Piece work, jobwork etc. shall be taken in number.

Works shall be measured net as fixed in its place. The description of item shall
include where necessary, all charges for storing. delivery, handing unloading, fabrication,
hoisting and labour for fitting, fixing in position, finishing to required shape and size.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDJNG ESTIMTE i3

In b;,oking dimensions the order shall be in the sequence of length, hreadth or
width and height or depth.

Unit of I Unit
Description of
/measu- /: of Mode of mc,,su rcment
item. rement rate
E■ rthwort :-
1. Earthwork in
excavation in cu m % cu m Mcaf.uremcnt !-hal I be taken as per drawing. Ace
any type of s01I. or Jing l\1 LS.I.. excavation over areas not exceed inf
30 cm in depth shal I be considered as surfacL
cxca vat ion and given in sq 111 stating the a vc•

ww rage depth. Trenches for pipes, cables etc. shall bl

mca~ured in rm for different diameter~.

w.E Earthwork in diff eren kind., of soil and rock for-

mation shall be kept separate. Separate rate shall be
provided for succes~ive stages of l ·5m lift stating

asy the commencing level. For each additional lead o1

every 50m ~ over the initial lead of 50m
the rate shall be different. The lead 1ihall

En
he measured from the centre of the block of excava-
tion to the sp0il heap. Trimming the side of tren-

gin
ches, levelling, dressing and ramming the bottom
including bailing out normal seepage of water, rain
water etc. as required arc included in the item.
2. Eanhwork ,in
filling (by ~alld
CU Ill !io1
\/'oCll m eer
The filling shall be measured and the following

ing
i deductions shall be made for settlement to arrive at
or loo~e ca rf h) I
the net quantities ; (a) 10% in consolidated fills. ex-
! cept where the consolidation is done by heavy machi-
I
I
.ne
nery in which case the deduction shall be 5% (bl
where measured in loose stacks or in carts. or lorries
a 25% deduction, (c) no deduction shall be made in
t
the case of consolidated fills in confined situations
like floors.

Side filling oft re,iches shall be taken aceu ratcly

as volume of earthwork in excavation less volume of
~trucLUre upto G.L. But con1iidering the rate of ea_nh
work, side filling are also taken as tth of excavation
approximately.

3. Hire and labour sq m s4 m Measurement shall be taken for the area in con-
charge for shor- tact with and supporting the earth. The item shall
ing walls (for include all necessary timber work including plank
protection side walling, struts, poling boards, etc.
of trench)
For successive depths of I ·Sm measurement shall
be kept separately.

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14 ISTIMATINO, COSTING ANO SPiCIPICAnoN

Description of Unit of
measu•
I Unit
of Mode of measurement.
item. rement rate
Brlllnrl :-
4. Brickwork (with cu m cu II Thickness of brickwork shall be measured in mul•
lime or cement tiples of half brick. For 19cmx9cmx9cm modular
mortar) of one bricks the nominal size shall be 20cm x IOcmx 10cm
or more than and the corresponding half size brick shall be 10cm.
one brick4wall s•
Thus for nominal size 10• x >< 3• and 9• x 4i • X 3'
(one brick thick the c·.>rresponding half brick size shall bes• and 4'
walls when ten• respectively. Net measurement shall be taken after
gth of brick is deduction of all openings with lintels. For small
parallel to the curves or chamfers measurement on the square (i.e.

ww
thickness of the
wall,.
without deduction for the quantity removed for for·
ming the small curves or chamfers) is allowed. Rou•
nd pillars or pillars of polygonal form shall be cal•

w.E culated as if they were square, the dia. being taken a11
the side of the square. Brickworks circular on plan
to a mean radius not exceeding 6m shall be mea•

asy sured separately. But brickworks curved on plan

to a mean radius exceeding 6m shall be included
with the general brickwork.

En Brickwork at di"ferent levels as in foundation and

gin
plinth, superstructure ground floor, 1st floor etc.
shall be measured separately. No extra payment
shall be made for forming the small curves or cham•
1er.

eer
No deduction shall be made for openings like,
ventilators, flues etc. having opening~ up to O·I sq m

ing
·n section. Thus for ends of di,ssimilar mate•
rials like b~ams, josits, rafters etc. up to 500 sq
cm in section in walls no deduction shall be

.ne
made. Extra rate shall be allowed for cutti:1g and
waste shall be considered for brickwork. circular on

4A. Brickwork in
Archet,
cu m eu m
plan to a mean radius not exceeding 6m.

Measurement is required separately to provide t

xtra over rates of corresponding items for brickwork:
n arches. For !>pans exceedina 6m eenterina shall
be measured separately.
Hire and labour charges for centering and shutter-
ing shall be included in the item for spans upto 6m

Reinforced brickwork shall be kept separate from

S. Reinforced cu m cu m general brickwork.. Reinforcement shall be me11u•
brickwort. red separately.
Methods of deductions arc same aa in aencral
brickwork.
IQ m sq m The thickness of wall and the pattern of bone,
6. Honey comb combing shall be stated.
brickwork.
Honey comb openings shall not be deducted.

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ILBMEN?S OF BUILDINO BSTIMATi lS

Unit of UniL
Description of measu-
item.
of Mode or measurement
rement rate
7, 10cm or half IQ. m sq m Net measurement shall be taken after deduction
brick wal11 of of all opening~. Brick on edge wall shall also be
S' or -4.;') with be paid in sq m
lime or cement. Wire netting etc. if provided shall be included in
a,rtar. the item.

I. Brict flat toling 1q m iQ. m Measurement shall be taken as per drawing.

(one or two The item shall include filling the gaps between,
ww
layers). bricks by sand etc.

t. Cornice!, String
w.E rm rm Different types shall be measured separately.
eourses, Drip
eou rse1 etc:. asy Dep:h and width of the projection shall be fully
described.
Plastering, moulding etc. shall be included in the

En
item.

10. Cutting holes per cm [per cm gin

Rates for cutting holes shall be given per cm
depth separately for (a) holes upto and including

eer
through existing 250 sq cm in area, (b) holes more than 250 sq cm
brickwork and upto O· J sq m in area.

ing
The area of holes shall be measured as the net
area required after making good and not the area
actually cut.

tl. Cuttina open• cum cu m .ne

Cutting openings exceeding O·l sq m in
ings in existing
brickwork. t
area including the provision for fixing and removal
of temp..>rary supports and shoring shall be included
in the item.
The area of opening shall be measured as the net
area required afLer-makin1 good and not the area
actually cut •

........,ai-
12. Lime or Cement ea m Ml m Measurement shall be taken on the flnisbed
concrete in works to the nearest centimetre. ·The kind,
foundation size, grading and prop:,rtions of materials to be used
and the method of mixing shall be described in the
item. Particulars of any test required of materials,
mixes and of the finished work shall be stated.
Dift'erent kinds of concerete shall be kept 1epa-
rate. Reinforced concrete as in raft foundation shall
be kept separate from unreinforced concrete.

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16 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Unit of Unit
Descriplion of
item
mcasu• of Mode or measurement
rement rate
I 3. Reinforced cum cu m All measurements shall be taken to,the nearest
cement concrete 11 cm except that the thickness of slabs, partitions
t R.C.C. exclud- 1etc. and sectional dimensions of different R.C.C.
ing reinforce- members :..hall be taken to the nearest 0·5 cm.
ment and <;h11- INo deductions shall be made for (a) the volume occ·
ttering). •upied by reinforcement, 1b) the volume occupied by
water pipes, conduits not exceeding 25 sq cm
(c) opcning5 upto O·l sq m.
No extra labour for forming voids or opening

ww shall be a Ilowed for cases as described under groups

(a), (b) and (c).

14. Damp proof

w.E
cour~c tD.P.C.)
sq m Measurement shall be taken as per drawing stat-
ing the thickness. The description shall include fra.
mework, finishing, levelling, curing etc.

asy Verandah and door openings do not came into

account when D.l>.C. is laid on plinth level.

15. R. C. Chaij:, I r m r m En The item shall include all frame work. The pro•

gin
jcction and its average thickness shall be stated. The
prujccliun shall be measured from the face of the

eer
wall tl1 the outside edge of chajja horizonally. The
rnnn111g length shall be the average of the lengths
measured along the wall and along t~e free end of

ing
chajja. The bearing on the wall shall be deemed to
be included in the item.

.ne
Concrete pMtion of chajja may also be given in
cum ,ncln<;ive of the bearing. The reinforcement

cumbined with lintel etc. the common portion shall

b.: paid with lintel etc.
t
in this case is measured separately. Where chajja is

I 6. Prccast C.C. or cu m cu m Orncrctc block construction exceeding 10 cm

R.C.C. blocks. on b..:d shall be given in cu m and that not exc•
eeding IO cm on bed, in sq m. Reinforcement
if any shall be measured separately or fully des-
cribed and included with the item.
The work shall be described as including all
moulds, fini"hed faces, hoisting and setting in position.

17. Hollow concrete! cum cu rn No deduction shall be made for the hollows in the
Block wall. bl.:ick.:,. Other~ arc same as described above (i.e. in
16). ,
Work in which hollows of blocks are filled during
construction shall be measured separately.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 17

Unit of Unit
Description of
item measu- of Mode of measurement
rcment rate
18. Expansion rm rm Expamion jJints in r->:.>fs, tfours, walls. roads l"h.:.
j.:,ims in shall be given in rm ~taring Lhc width and depth of
concrete, the joint and the material used in filling the joint.
All framework and labours nccc.,sarv 10 form the
joint arc included with the item, ~o no separate p:ty-
ment shall be allowed.
19. Concrete sq m sq m The thickness and other particular<. of the Jaff-
Jaff nc°' or ries shall be described. The reinforcement shall he
allies etc. descnbcd and included with the item.

ww
10. Ctrncrctc fen- cu m cu m
N,> separate payment for shuttering etc. :,hal I bl'
provided.
Posts shall be classified a., (a) sectiona I a rca not
cing po<;ts.
knTinal Jhlsts
etc.
w.E exceeding 100 sq cm (b) sectional area excrcding. 100
.,q cm but not exceeding 250 '>4 cm (c) a m.t exct.:l·J-
ing 250 sq cm. Reinforcement shall be .-Jescribi:d

asy and included with the item.

The item shall include a II fr:1me wMk. r:h:.imfcrs
Stone Work -
En
or roundl.!d angles, holes f,,r wife or rails.
~I. Random Ruh-
hie ma~onry,
C,ur,cd Rub•
Cll m cum
gin
The thickness of wall shall be measured to the
nearest l cm, fractions including O·S cm and abow
shall be mi.::asured a5 I cm and fractions bl·low o·s
bh~ masonry,
Ashlar ma~9n•j eer
cm shall be ignored. OLher panrcular shall bl'
same as brickwork.
ry walling
and a r~hes. ing
Rules for deduction for opening<; arc similar a,
in brickwork. Different kinds of stone masonry

22. Stone work sq m sq m

shall be kept separate.
.ne
The character of facin the average width of hed
in wall facing
etc.
and thickness of the jnints sha II be stated. Circular
t:1cings exceeding 6 m in r,idius shall be included
with the general facing.
t
If the facing stone is the same as that used in the
body of the walls an extra over rate shall he all 1Jwed
for dressing the face and the entire work shall be
given in cu m as walling. External angles in facing
~hall be given in r m.

23. Cut or Dressed cum cum The work shall be grouped according to the foll-
stone work as owing sizes : Each stone (a) upto l m or vol. 0·06 cu
in sills, steps, m, (b) betwt:cn l m to 2 m or vol. 0·06 cu m to 0· I 8
cornices, lin- cum, (c) between 2 m to 4 m or vol. 0· 18 cu m
tels, copings 0·36 cum, (d) beyond the limit as in (c).
etc.
Labours other than for dressing on rectangular
faces, beds and foints shall be measured separately.

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18 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Unit of Unit of
Description of
,measu- of Mode of measurement
item remc111 rate
24. Boulderworle cu IT' cu m I Boulderwork shall be classified as (a) dry fillin!l,
and packing, (b) dry filling, and hand packing, (c)
dry walling, (d) walling in mortar.
The size of boulder shall be stated.
Roofing-

25. Terraced S'-f IT1 sq m The thickness, s11.e and quality of tiles, bricks or
roofing por- ~tone slabs shall be smted. The number of layer~.
tion of tiles. method of laying, pointing and the kinc.l of mortar
bricks or with proportion shall be stated and included 111 th1:

ww
stone ~labs item.
The supporting rafter and beams shall be measur-
ed separately under the rekvant clauses. Tiles laid i:,

26. Lime terracing

on roof
w.E sq m I
chajja and sunshades :,hall be measured separately.
The proportion of mixing and average comolidat-

asy ed thickness shall be described. If ~pecial top surf.let

tinish is desired this shall be paid separately 111 ~4 m.
Insertion in parapet (i.e. ghoondies) shall be acc-

En
ounted. Madras terrace roofing shall mclude top &
underside plaster finish.
'27. Reinforced
brick (R.B.)
cum cu m I
gin
Measurement shall be taken as per drawing. The
steel reinforcement shall be measured separately in
roof or ~lab quintal.
eer
Shuttering shall be measured separately. For all

28. Tiled roofing s4 m sq m I ing

other R. B. works the same unit inay be followed.
Measurements shall be taken as per finished W )rk 1

(excluding
supporting
frame work) .ne
describing the kind, pattern. quality and size of thl·
tiles. Single and double tiling shall each be mea-
sured separately.

29. Asbestos Ctn- I sq m sq m I

Semi-circular ridges, hips and valleys shall be
measured in r m stating the girth.
Measuremrnts shall be taken as per drawing stat-
t
rugatcd (A.c.): ing the gauge of the material and the method of fixing.
or Galvanised I Sheeting bent to a curvature shall be measured sepa-
CorrugaLcd I rately. Corrugated sheeting shall be measured flat
lrc;n (G.C.I.) ! and not girthed. No addition shall be made for lap~.
sheet rooting. Ridges, hips and valleys shall be measured in r m
(excluding stating the laps. for A.C. sheating the type of sheet-
supporting
frame work) ing and thickn~ss shall be described.

·o. Jaclc arch sq m sq m I Jack arch roofing shall be measured flat overall
roofing (inclu- describing the clear span, rise and thickness of arch
ding center- and the method of laying.
ing.)
Lime concrete terracing shall be measured separa·
tely and given in sq m.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 19

Unit of lJmt
Description of
item
mersu- of Mode of measurement
rement rate

31. Water proof- sq m sq m .. The quality and type of water-proofing and quan-
ing on roof uues of tar or bitumen per sq m shall be
with a layer described.
of tar or Surface painting if applied shall be measu reJ
bitumen. separately.

31. Felt work sq m The felt shall be fully described stating the weight
(dressing top per sq m and the materials t? which it is fixed, lap~

ww
with bitumen
or tar).
etc. sha II be stated. All dressing at top of kit sha II
be described.
Narrow folt strips sandwiched between lap~ of

33. Ceiling (with

w.E corrugated sheeting ~hall be mcawred on flat and
given in sq m.

Paste board,
plain A.C.
sq m
asy
sq m The material, its thickness and method of fixin!!.
shall be de~cribed. No deduction shall be made fo~·
opc-nings hclow 0·4 sq m each. Different kinds of
sheet etc) ex.
eluding sup-
En
ceiling shall be kept separate.
Work formed to circular surface shall be meast!•
porting mem·
bcrs.
gin
red separately.

Flooring-
34. Brick on Edge s4 m sq m eer
Each type shall be measured separately as per
or brick Flat
flooring. ing
drawing. Grouting of f.ide joints or raking out mor·
tar and pointing ~h:111 be included in the item.

.ne
The pattern of laying shall be described. Brick
tilc•flooring shall be measured similarly in sq m.

35. Lime or
Cement con•
crcte floors or
sq m sq m
t
The the thicknes-; shall be stated. Where thickness
exceeds 20cm it sha II be measured as work in foun-
dation.
pavings. The surface fin i~h, except rough tin ish shall be
measured separately.
36. Artificial sq m sq m Measurament shall be taken as per drawing. The
stone to floor, thickness sha II be measured net exclusive of any bed-
dado, stair ding mortar. Each type of work as floor, dado et~.
case etc. shall be measuted separately for separate rate.
lnternal and external rounding angles shall be
given in rm. Narrow bands not exceeding 7·5 cm in
width shall be given in r m.

sq m sq m The thickness shall be measured after polishing

37. Terrazzo or the floor. Others, are same as Artificial stone floor.
Mosaic
flooring. Materials of dividing strips shall be stated and
given in r m mentioning its Mlickness.

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20 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description of
item
7l1nTC,if
1measu-
I Unit
of Mode of measurement
lrement rate
38. Stone !-lab sq m sq m The thickness slulil be measured minimum at any
tlooring. point excluding any bedding mortar.
Quality. size and type of stone shall be included
in the item.
Wood wo1k-·
39. Door and ~4 m I sq m Net measurement shall be taken stating the thick-
Wmdow ness a:,, per opening in the framework including rib-
Shutter~ of cts but excluding extra width for rebated or spla-
diff t:rt:lll yed meeting styles of doors and windows. The sur•
type:-.. face shall be measured to the nearest I cm and thick-

ww ness to the nearest 2 mm. The thickness of Battened

leaves shall be the thicknc~s of the battens only and
not the combined thickness of the battens anci the
w.E ledges. But in the description the thickness of the
ledges and h races shall be stated.

asy Diff eeent types of shutters shall be measured

separately. No allowance shall be given for join-
ing:, naib, screws, bamboo- pins etc. Fittings viz.

En
tower bolt, hinge etc or ::-.crews for fittings are not
included in the item.
40. Wood work
in door and
cum cum
gin
Length shall be mca~ured to the nearest 2 cm.
Width and thickness to the nca rest 2 mm, Measure-
window
frame~. eer
mcnt shall be taken as per opening and including.
the length for joining, horns etc.

ing
No deduction shall be made for, rebating, cham-
ft:rs etc. Segmental or circular portion of frame ir
any sha II be measured separately.
41. Shuttering, s4 m .ne
Measurement shall be taken on area in actual
c..:-ntering. contact with concrete. The description of frame-
t
work shall include all :.upports, struts, braces, batt-
em, nails etc. and abo striking and removal of the
frnmewurk. Framework to mouldings shall be meas-
ured sparately in sq m.
Dressing, the framework with oil may also be inc-
luded. For diff ercnt classe& of shuttering viz. (a)
staircases, (b) pillar!- ur columns. (c) sides and soffits
of beam~, ltritcls, (d) suspended floor etc. shall be
l measured separately.

42. Scantlings. cum cu m Length and cross-sectional dimensions shall be

battens, measured upto nearest 2 cm and 2 mm respectively.
trusses etc. framed and fixed timber !>hall include lapping, not-
ching, boring for bolts, hoisting, erecting and fixing
in position, chamfering and such similar item of
labours.
Roof battens may be given in sq m stating the
size and !-pacing.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 21

-·-------------- -----
l~:~i~ I
Unit
Description of of Mode of measurement
item rement rate
43. Hand rails. rm rm Measurement shall be taken along tor cent re
line ~rnting the extreme section of the ,tra1!,!.ht por-
tion and wheather rounded or moulded.
Hou'iing joint, hand rail s~ rews etc. ~hall be
stated.

44. Roof board- sq m sq m Measurement shall be taken stating the lini~hcd

ing, ceiling, thickness and shall be fully described. In the case of
floors, shelves rebates, tongues and groove~ etc. the extra width or
etc. rebates, tongues etc. ~hall be ignored and mca,urc-
ment shall be net a1' fixed .
..is. ww
Rallies. r 111 rm Mean diameter shall be stated. Fixing of ballic~

w.E
5hall be described as including all lahour~. nail,,
spikes etc.
The :ncan diameter shall be the average of the
two diameters at the ends.
46. Wood Pib. rm asy rm
Im.
Length over 6 m shall be measured 111 ,ta~e-. of
The piles shall he described a11d the ~11,e

En
~tated.
Shoeiri~ and pointing ~hall be enuml!ratcd scpar•
Iron werk :-
gin
atcly statini; their weights.
The measurement ~hall he on the hasi~ nf calcul-

eer
(Jlllll quin
47. M. S. rein- ated weight of reinforcement only (i.e. without rnn-
t~-) rcemen t ~idering the weight of binding wire) actually con~u-
!for R.C.C.,
wnrks) inclu-
ding distribu• ing
med in the finished work as per drawing. Hooh,
cranh and laps as per standard practice ~hall be
mea~ured.
tion bar~.
~ti rrups, .ne
Binding wire required for support111g the reinfor-
cement shall be included in the item and not mca,u-
blllders. etc

<18. M.S. ~tructu· quin qum

t
red separately. Fabric reinforcement ~hall he give11
in sq m
Measurement on fini~hcd work ~hall be taken. If
ral works, R the weic.ht of rivet 1s calculated from table~. no ded-
S.J., Channe• uction shall be made for rivet or bolt hok~. The:
I,, Angles, weight of cleats, gusset plates, packing pic:ce~. rivet
Tee, round or heads etc. shall be added to the rcspl'Ctivc item,.
sq. bar etc. Holding down bolts shall be measured sep.uatcly.
Unloading, getting in, hoisting and fixing skd
works shall be included with the item~. The height
of the structure above or below ground level shall
be stated.
quin Article, not exceeding 6"5 kg each and those
49. Cast iron Bra- quin
exceeding 6 5 kg each shall be measured separatdy.
cket. Gratings,

---
F rames, Pull-
____ ___
ey, Grills etc.
-- -- __; ___
.;._
Pulley is also measured at some placei< as each
stating the diameter.

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22 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Unit of j Unit
Description of
measu- of Mode of measurement.
item rate
rement '
SO. Holding down quill gum Articles shall be grouped according to diameter.
bolts, nuts, Wedging-up under grillages or stanchion bases shall
wa~hers, bolts be stated.
etc. Site drilling shall be stated describing the diameter
of holes and thickness of metal.

sq m sq m Measurement !.hall be taken on the area of

51. Collapsible opening covered by the gate. stating the channel pic-
Gl4tc with
kets, pivoted flat bars and the meshes formed by
rail:c., runners them when fully extended. The top and bottom

ww
and channel~ runners, pulleys, locl.ing lugs and handles shall be
described and included in the item.
This is also measured in quintal. The item of

w.E work shall also include erection in position and

securing runners with brackets etc.

52. Rolling sq m asy

sq m Measurement ~hall be taken t,f the opening
covered or actual area of ~hutters. The guage and
Shutters.
En
type of the i.lats, the bridge depth and the di~tance
between centrcf> of interlock shall be described and

gin
included in the item.
The item shall include top cover, bottom rail.

eer
locking arrangement, -;pring wmding mechanism etc.

53. Steel Doors

and Windows.
sq m Stj m
ing
The sizes of various mcmber1:>, methods of fixing
and hanging and fastening~ !.hall be described and
included in the item.

.ne
Any protective treatment required to be applied
shall be described.

54. W1 re Fencing. rm rm
stating the gauge. Each lme of wire shall ~
t
Plain or barbed wire in fencing shall be described

measured.
Patent, plain wire fencing shall be measured in
sq m

sq m sq m The gauge and mesh and the method of fixing

55. Expanded shall be described.
metal, wire Opening exceeding 0·2 sq m shall be deducted.
netting etc.

56. Lightening rm rm Conductors and bands of tape shall be measured

conductors. after fixing, describing gauge or thickness of metal
etc,
Socket attachments and rods shall be enumerated
and shall be deseribed separately.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 23

Description of Unit ot Unit

item measu of Mode of measurement.
rement rate
Finlsbln1 :-
57. Plastering ( to sq m sq m Measurement (exterior or interior) shall be taken
wall, floor as per surfaces of walls before plastering and deduc-
etc.) with lime tions for openings shall be made as follows :-(a) No
or cement deduction or addition shall be made for ends of
mortar or joists, posts steps etc. and opening not exceeding
pointing to o·s sq m. (b) For opening exceeding 0·5 sq m but
brickwork. not exceeding 3 sq m a,1d when both faces a re
plastered with the same plaster, deduction shall he
made for one face only and no additions shall he

ww made for jambs, soffils, sills etc. (c) For openings

of area exceeding 3 sq m deduction shall be made •
for the openings, but jambs, ~off its and sills shall he

w.E measured.
When two faces of wall are plastered with
different plasters or if one face is plastered and the

asy other pointed, deduction shall be made on the side

of frames on which the width of reveals, jambs etc.

En
etc. is less than that on the other side. Plastering,
bands upto 30 cm or below shall be measured

gin
separately in r m.

58. Pla~teriM to sq m sq m Dimensions of ceiling hetweeen walls shall be

ceiling. -
eer
taken before plastering. Ceiling with projected
beams shall be measured over beams and the side!.

ing
of beams shall be measured and added to plastering
on ceiling.

.ne
Soffits of stairs shall be measured as plastering
on ceiling.

59. White or colour! sq m

washing and
distempering.
sq m
Deductions for openings shall be made as per
plastering. Corrugated surface !>hall be mensu red
flat. That area shall be increased by (a) 14% for
t
The number of coats shall be stated in the itc.-m.

corrugated steel sheets, (b) 20% for asbestos cement

!>heels with large corrugations, (c) JC% for semi·
corrugated A. C. sheets.
The various decorative treatment sha II bl'
measured separately. Preparation of surfaces shall
be stated and included in the item.
60. Painting on
Eaves, Gutters! The size or girth of the articles shall be stated.
Rain-water Fittings, such as bends, branches, heads etc. shall
rm rm be included in the length.
and Ventila-
tion pipes etc.
6 l. Painting No, Each The height and form or style shall be stated.
letters and Commas, hyphens, stops etc. shall be included
figures. in the item. •

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24 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPEClFICATION

Description of
item
remcnt
I ofrntc f_
Unit or Unit
!measu- Mode of measurement.

~ainting w0rk
in doors,
I ,q m ln all cases the 'Area' shall be ml!asured flat (and
not girthed). For doors and winctowi- no separate
wind,)ws. gnlls.1 measurement !,hall be made for the frame,
gratings, )!.a tc,. ! (chowkab) the area in such cases represents the
corru11.ated · area of the wall openings cowred by the frames.
roofin~g etc. The area measured a,- above shall be multipli{;d by
the factors as given hereafter.
Work on different surface viz, ~mooth, semi-ab-
sorbent, ab~orbent etc. shall he measured separately.
Painting upto 15 cm in width shall be paid in r Ill

ww but components of truses, girders arid similar work

!.hall be given in sq m.

w.E
The Multiplyin~ f.ic:tor ~ for different surfaces 10 get equivalent plain ar{;a sha!I be

asy
followed accordinµ to I.S I. rl'commendation as given bdow
Mliltiplying
Name of surface painh:d.
Enfactors for
both sides
Remarh

I. Panelled. framed and hraced.

!edged and b:itlencd or lcdg.i.:d
battened and braced.
2½ time-;
gin
2. Fully glazed or ga u1.ed I time eer
J. Part panelled and part glazed
or gauzed
2 times
ing
4. Fully vcnctioncd or louvred 3 times
.ne
5. Flush
Other Works :-
2 times
t
6 . Guard hars. grating.,;, railings, I time For item no. 6 :-Guard bars
gates, grill~. cxpandl·d metal ell: (for all c,vcr gates, grills. gratings. expand,d
side~) metal partitions etc. ~hall be mea-
7. Corrugated iron shecl!- \ 2·28 times ~u red on one side only, when coated
(measured llat) on all exposed surfaces without any
I deduction for open spaces.
8. Nainital patlern ro0f using: plain j 2·20 times
sheets ...
9. Trellis or Jaffri work one-way 2 times For item no. 9 :-Supporting
or IW,) way (all over sides) members of battens shall not be
measured separately.
10. Roof battens for slate and tile f times For item no. 10 :-No deduction
roofing (measured tlat without (for all over shall be made for open spaces.
deduction for open space~) '. ': __ sides)

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ELEMENTS OF BUlLDlNG ESTlMATE 25

Unit of Unu
Description of \measu• \ of
____it:~-- __ ___ rement rate
I
_
Mode of measurement

Miscellaneous :-
The length shall be measured along the centre
63. Rain-water, rm r m line of thl~ pipes and fittings. Length as laid 0r
Vent, Waste fixed shall be measured over all fitting~ such a,
pipe'> etc. bends, angles etc. which shall not be measured
separately. The material and the gauge or th e
weight of a standard length shall be described. All
pipes shall be classified according to their diamc.
ter:.. The diam·~ters shall be the nominal dia. of
the internal bore.
Ventilating-cowls over tops of vent pipes shall

ww he measured separately. P ipe nails, distance piece~

etc. for fixing the pipes shall be included in the
description.
64. Su rf,tce
drain s w.E rm rm The item shall be described in detail and a ref-
erence shall be given to a detailed drawing.

65. Sanitary No. asy

Each
The length shall be the centre length.
Sanitary fittings such as closet pans, urinals.

En
Fitting, shower roses, flushing pipes etc. shall be fully
described.

gin
The pattern or m:ikc-rs name shall be specified.
b6 . Glass-p.rnes sq m Each pane of glass shall be measured to the
nearest 0·5 cm. Irregular or circular panes shall

eer
bl.! measured as the smallest rectangular area from
which the panes can he cut.
6 7. Br0ken glass
coping
sq m sq tn
ing
The thickness of bedding mortar and weight of
broken glass per sq m of coping shall be described.

68 . Door handles No. E ·.1ch

pressed steel type shall be measured. .ne
Grip length for cast type and overall lenith for

t
The description shall include the screws, all
fittings, cutting, sinking, boring etc.

69. Butt. Purlia- No. Each Measurement shall be taken as follows :-(a)
ment and for butt hinges the length of the joint, (b) for par-
Strap Hinges liament hinges open space between flanges, and the
height of flanges, (c) for strap hinges the length of
the leaf from the joint to the point.
The description shall include the screws, all
fittings, cutting, sinking, boring etc.
No. Each Measurement shall be taken as follows :--(a)
70. Bolts
for flush b:>lts the length of plates (b) for barrel
b.>lts the length of barrel and (c) the length of
shoots in other bolts.
The description shall include the screws, all
fittings, cuttings, sinking, boring etc.

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26 ESTIMATING, COSTING & SPECIFICATION

71. Schedule showing minimum height of stacks and the allowance to be deducted
for sinkage and/or shrinkage when measured in fresh stack'> as per W. Bengal P. W. D.

Minimnm height Allowance to be

Materials. of stacks deducted for sinkage•
and/or shrink.age
--- -----------------, -------- --------
l
Stone metal, ballast, chips, shingles 32·5 cm T3
or gravel
53 cm 1
Stone boulders 15 cm or above size 1
45 cm -9
Stone boulders below 15 cm ~izc
53 cm -,
I
.

ww
Jhama bats or brick bats
Jhama metal, khoa or chips ...
34 cm

'
I

Sand
w.E 61 cm

61 cm
1
4
I
Surki

Lime asy 61 cm
4

4
1

Mooram
En 32·5 cm I
jj

Carried earth
gin34 cm 1
<j
Rubbish (Building or kiln) 34 cm
eer 9
Steam coal or slack coal 61 cm
ing I
8

.ne
2-6. Decree of accuracy In Esimatinc.-Dunng preparation of an estimate of a

t
main head smaller dimensiors in its various sub-heads should not be 11eglected as those
affect the total quantity of main head. No approximation should be made after omitting
fractional dimensions either directly from the drawings or from those determined from
the plan.
Method of measurement according to I. S. 1.-
(a) DlPNtmisns 1ha1l be measured to the nearest O OJ metre (or 1 cm).
(b) Area, shall be worked out to the neare1t 0·01 sq. metre.
(c) Cubic contents ,hall be worked out to the neare1t 0·01 cu. metre.
The degree of acc.uracy in calculations depends upon the rate of the item of work.
Thus where the rates are per% or per %0 units, greater accuracy is not required. But
where the rates are per m, sq m, cu m, arithmetic calculation should be carried out up to
t,Yo places of decimal for greater accuracy at higher rate.
. Any work done by the contractor e:itra over the specified dimensions shall be
ignored.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 27

2-7. Some Simple Estimates :-(a) Quandt, Estimate of a s,mmttdcal wall (uaing
Standard Modular Brfck.t)-Estimate the quantities of earthwork. in excavation, lime
concrete in foundation. brickwork below ground _ _ ___ _
level and above 0. L. for a wall 10 metres
in length whose cross section has been shown
in the fig. 2-2.
lO
Estimate:- C:.ffl
1. Earthwork in excavation
= IOm(length) x 56cm (breadth) x 90cm (depth)
=5·04 cum
2. Lime concrete in foundation

ww
= l Om x 56cm x 15cm
=0·84 cum
3.
w.E
Brickwork below ground level-
For 30 cm brickwork
G.
= !Om x 30cm x 20cm
=0·60 cum asy
For 20cm brickwork below G. L.
= !Om x 20cm x 55cm En
=1·10 cum
:.Total brickwork below G. L. gin
=0·60+1·10=1·70 cum
eer t,e---:s.cn-...;
4. Brickwork above G. L.
= !Om x 20cm x 2·4m ing
CROSS SECitO'M
=4·80 cum.
For more clear expression estimate should be prepared in a Tabular form as shown
FIG. 2-2
.ne
below.

Description
I
No. Length Breadth Height Quantity
t
Total
--·--- ---· - --- --- --- -- - - ·- · - - - - - • •N- ---
1. Earthwork in excavation tom 56cm 90cm s·o4 5·04 cum

2. Lime concrete in foundation I 10m 56cm 15cm 0·84 0·84 cum

3. Brickwork below G.L.
For 30 cm layer I 10m 30cm 20cm 0'60
For 20 cm layer I IOm 20cm 55cm I ·IO
j

1·70 cum
4. Brickwork above G. L. 1 10m ' 20cm 2·4 m 4·80 4·80 cum

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28 ESTlMATlNG, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(b) Quantity Estimate of a Railway PlatfGrm (using 11andard modular brick) :-

Estimate the quantities of canhwork in excavation, lime concrete in foundation, masonry
work, precast cement c ,-,ncrcte coping stone and precast cement concrete blocks per metre
length for a railway platform a~ shown in the fig . 2-3.

l---74Cffl~

ww
w.E
asy FIG. 2-3

En
gin _j __,_r_o_1a_1_.___,
l:.xplanat0ry
Description No. Leng.th Breadth Hc-ight

eer
Quantity

'
notes

ing
I

I. Earthwork in
cxcavation Im 90 cm 38 cm 0•342 0·342 cu m

.ne
2. Lime concrete
in foundatmn

3. Masonrv work
Im 90 cm 30 cm o-no 0·270 cum
t
for 60.cm layL·r Im 60cm 38 cm 0·228
50 cm layer Im 50 cm 15 cm 0·075

4. Prccast cement
concrete coping
stone Im
(5() cm
66 cm)
2
J CJ cm , 0·133 0· 133 cu m
Average taken
:ts this forms
:t trapizium.
5. Prccast cement
concrete blocks lm 74 cm 23 cm 0·170 O·l70 cum

NOTS that quantities in the above estimate even for earthwork have been calculated upto three
places or decim:il due to tho fact that ir any approidmation be made for unit length of 8 wall then 8 aross
variation will oc::ur for the total length (say 100m. 2(,0m etc.I

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 29

(c) Quantity Estimate of a Retaining Wall running two-way (U1ing standard mod•
u!ar bricks) :-Estimate the quantiti~!> of lime concrete and brickwork in the retainwg
wa II from the figure 2-4.

....,____ :nm----•...,i

ww
w.E
PLAN asy I

En SECTION OH 8-8
FIG. 2-4
gin
eer
Note that :-The length of a /aver for tire long $Ide (o,erall length 2·5m) has bten
considered out to out and I or the short side (o,erall length 2m) It has been calculated

ing
from out upto the meeting point of the respective layer with the long side. Adding these

.ne
lengths total length has been taken in the estimate and further clarified in the explana•
tory notes.

Estimate: t
Description No Length Breadth! Height Quantity Total Explanatory notes
---------
1. Lime concrete
in foundation 3·95 m ·ssm ·2om 0·44 cum 3·95=2·5+(2-·55)
2. Brickwork for
3·95 m ·4Sm "40m 0·71 3"95=(2'5-0·5)+
(a) 45 cm layer (2-0·S-·45)
3·90 m '40m ·50m 0"78 3·90=(2·5-·to) +
(b) 40 cm layer (2-·l0-·40)
3·90 m ·30m ·som 0·59 3·90~'"'(2'5-· 15) +
(c) 30 cm layer (2-· lS-·30)
4·00m ·20m '40m 0·32 4'00=(2·5-·15)+
(d) 20 cm layer
2·40 cum 12~·1s-·20>

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30 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(d) Detailed Estimate of an Unsymmetrical Boundary wall (U,ing Standard Modu-

lar Brick!). Prepare a detailed estimate for a boundary wall of length 37m whose plan
and sectional elevation has been shown in the fig. 2-5. No work beyond the length as
specified is permitted.

General Jpecificatlon and

rates of work are as
below-
X
( I) Earthwork shall be
as per drawing and trench

ww
shall be filled up with
lo0~c earth.
Rate Rs. 300 per %cu m

(2) Concrete w.E

work in
fuundation shall be of lime
\ I :2:5) asy
Rate Rf>. 195·00 per cu m.
En ,.

~~
I

(3) Brickwork in founda-

tion and a bi.lvc shall be gin 1s..£_m,,..,.,.....,.,..,,_
I st. class in cement
mortar (I :4)
15C111 ·
1 eer
,._~_..._!>C__IIJ__~_.- •
Rate Rs. 245·00 per cum. SECTIONAL ELEVATION
ON A-A ing
41 .ne
l1 t
-l2ocml-
--y--
~ I iI t+ ~~
1'84'11
37-TII
<◄
PLAN AT X-X FIG 2-5

(4) 10cm thick brickwork shall be in cement mortar (1:3), Rate Rs. 30·00 per sq m.
(5) Cement concrete coping (1:2:4) with stone chips shall be on the top of pillars and
panals) Rate Rs. 400·00 per cu m.
(6) All faoes except top of the wall shall be 20 mm thick cement plastered (1 :4),
Rate Rs. 7·00 per sq m
(7) All faces except to;> of the wall shall be two coats colour washed over a coat of
white washing. Rate Rs. 0·80 per sq m.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 31

No. Quan-
Description L B. H. tity Total Explanatory notes
--- --- - - -- --
J. Earthwork In
excavation 1 37m •45 m •60 m 9•99 Appx. 1th, but accu-
filling ... 1
th. of cxcav ation= - 2·00 rately to be vol. of
K --
--l J·99 excavati.:,n !es~ vol.
of work below G.L.
2. Lime concrete lo cum
1 •45 m ·15 m 2·so 2·so
foundation ... 37 m
cum
3. Brickwork for
30 cm layer ... 1I 37 m ·30 m ·JS m ]"67
3·33
20 cm layer ... 37 m ·20m ·45 m Chamfer has been

ww
20 cm x 20 cm pillars
only ... 21 ·20 rn ·20 m 1'85 m
--1·55
-6'55
considered square
- - I·85m=2m-15 cm
No. of pillars=
.
4. 19 cm brick work
for panels w.E ... 20 1·64 m - 1"85 m
cum ~_20c:n+t
60·08 60 08 I·84m
sq m
5. Cement coacretc copina asy 0+5cm 0·02
(a) top of pillars ... 21

(b) top of panels ...

"20m
En
·20 m 2
o+5cm
-- 7TTo
o·os

6. Cement plastering
20 1·64 m ·JO m
2
gin cum

(a)
(b)
outside
inside
...
...
1
I
37 m
41 m
-
-·
2m
2m
74"00
82'00 eer
(c) two ends ... 2 '20m - 2m ()•80
·----· --- 156"d0
sq m ing
41m=37m+
20 x2x 10cm

7. Colour wash!ng Same as sand Plaster = 156"80

sq m .ne
Description
ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATED COST
Quantity Unit Rate Unit
Amount
Rs. P.
t
·--- --
I. Earthwork in foundation ... I I ·99 cum Joo·oo cum 35·97
2. Lime concrete (1:2:5) in foundation cum 195 00 cum 487·50
l. Brickwo_rk in ~ement mortar ( I :4)
... 2·50
cum 245·00 cum 1604·75
... 6·55
I. 10cm thick bnckwork in cement
mortar (1:3) 60·08 sq m 30·00 sqm 1802'40

.
Cement concrete (1:2:4) coping
20mm thick cement plastering (I :4)
Colour wash over two coats of white
washing
...
...
...
0·10
156'88

156 80
I cum 400·00
sq m
sq m
1·00
0'80
cum
sq m
sq m
40·00
1092·00
125'44

Total= 5188'05
Add 5% Contingency== 259·40
A1d 21% WC establishment= 129·70
--arand Totat=lh. 5 577'15

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32 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

2-8. Different Methods for Estimating Building Wo,ks: --

The quantities of various items !>Uch as earthwork in excavation, foundation con-
crete, brickwork in foundation and plinth, brickwork in superstructure, 1..tc. ~an be
estimated by any of the following three methods :-
( l) Centre line method
(2) Long aud short wall or out to out and in to ia method
(3) Crossing method
(1) Centre line method :-In Lhis method calculate the total centre line length of
walls in a building and multiply the same by the breadth and depth of the respective item
to get the total quantity at a time. F"r different sections of walls in a building, the

ww
centre line length for each type ~hall he worked out ~eparatcly. In case of partition or
verandah walls joining with main wall the centre line length shall ht: reduced by half of

w.E
the breadth of the layer of main wall that j,lins with 1hc partition or verandah wall at the
same level. Number of such j.)ints arc studicJ lirst to c:tlculate the centre line length.

asy
By this method estimates may be prepared more quickly and this method is as
accurate a'i the other method'>. 0,1l y in the ca,c of an unsymmetrical wall wl11ch is gener-

En
ally rare, no advantage m:ty b.! claimed by this method over other,;; as the centre line length
varie, at every layer. But tn c~timate circular, hexagonal. octagonal etc. shaped buildings
this method shall specially be adopted.
gin
(2) 'Long and short wan· or 'out to ouf and 'In to in' method :-In this me1hod the

eer
longer wall-, in a building (gcnerally in one direction I are considered as long walls and
measured fr,)m out to out; anJ the shMtcr or partition walls, in a perpendicular direction

ing
of the long Wdlls, are considered as short walls and arc measured from in-to-in for a parti-
cular layer of work. These lengths of long and short walls arc multiplied separately by

.ne
the breath and height of the corresp:mding layer and are added to get the quantity. Such
lengths of long and short walls vary in every layer of footing.

lengths individually from the plan. Then the length of long wall, out-to-out may be
calculated after adding half breadth of wall at each end with its centre to centre length.
t
To calculate the lengths of long and ~hort walls determine first their centre to centre

Thus the length of short wall measured in-to-in may be find out after subtraction half
breadth at each end from its centre to centre length. Length of long wall generally dec·
reases from earthwork to brickwork in !.upcrstructure and in the case of short wall, its
length increases.
Jn some of the working examples it rr.ay be noticed that a wall is considered as a
short wall at one end and as a long wall at the other end. Such case arises in a wall
which joins as a long wall with another long wall previously considered. The joining end
of the wall later considered as long wall is actually treated as short end, and ,uch a wall
16 nam~d a, L,mg-Short wall In 1ht1 book. ,
(3) CIOllina Method :-In this method calculate the ·overall perimeter of the
building and subtract from this four times the thickness of wall to obtain the centre line
length. This method is now rarely use.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 33

Example 1. Earthwork for Trenches :-Fig. 2-6 represents plan and section of a
thench which is 80 cm wide and 60 cm deep. It is required to calculate the volume of
earthwork for the trench.

J
~ - - - - - - - 6ffl ------1·~~

ww
l
l---eocm----1

w.E SECTION ON A-A

(ENLARGED)

asy
-¼eocmt- ClNTRt Lltilt

. PLAN

En FIG. 2-6

Centre line Method :-

gin
(A)

eer
Centre line for long wall =6m-half trench width from each side
= 6m-40cm-40cm =5·20m
Centre line for short wall=4m-40cm-40cm=3·20m ing
:. TotJl length of centre line of all walls=2(S·20+3·20)=16·8m
.ne
: . Earthwork in excavation =Sum of centre line x width x depth

(B) By long and abort wall method :-

=16·8m x80cm x60cm=8·064 cum
t
Centre line length of long wall=S·20m (as calculated above)
•·• Length of long wall out to out=S·20m+half breadth from each side
=5·20m+2 x 1,tcm=6m
Quantity for long walls=2x6mx80cmx60cm=5·760 cum
Thus length of short wall in-to-in=3·20m-2 x \ 0 cm=2·40m
Quantity for short walls=2 x2·40m x80cm x60cm=2·304 cum
.. Total quantity of Earthwork in excavation=S·760 cu m+2"304 cu m=8·064 cum
Mathematically the same result of 8·064 cu m is obtained. But for a clear concep-
tion let us investigate how the whole earthwork is considered by the centre line method
if work proceeds along the centre lines by means of a diagram as shown by shaded lines in
the above figure.

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34 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Following: the fi!!,. 2-6. line ah+be+cd+da=total length of centre line. Let us
first excavate the line •a' to 'b' with 40 cm width on each side, but not beyond 'a' or 'b'.
Similarly excavate lines be, cd and da. Investigating the excavation following the shaded
lines it i~ observed that blocks in which the letters a, b, c and dare marked have not been
considered at all i.e. it appears that these blocks arc remaining unexcavated, whereas
blocks opposite to them have been cun-;idered twice (as showm by double hatched line~.)
Now, the adjacent block of 'a' which ha~ been con~idcred twice may represent once its
equal and oppo~ite hlock 'a'. S1milarly the Blocks 'b' 'c' and 'd' are to be represented by
their respective adjacent and equal blocks. Therefore, by centre line method the enrtre
work ha1 been considered and no portion has been left out without e:xcavotlon or CO!ISI•
dered twice. It is Important to note that at cornns of trench or walls no add,tivn or

ww
subtraction of the centre line Is required.

Example-2. Sinile Room building :-Fig. 2-7 reprc~cnts the plan and section of

w.E
the foundation wa II (af1cr removal of earth) of a building internally measuring 3m x 2·5m.
Estimate the quantit1e-.. of ( J) Earthwork in cxcavation in foundation, (2) Lime concrete

asy
111 foundation, (3) Brickwork in foundation and pli111h.

LENGTHS OF LONG WALL=c/c+WIDTH

=
,..
En -
Q

gin ~
I
_u

eer
ing
A
..._ P.
.ne L.

UMlt C:OIIC~~:=""'~£........
!§
t L.

J.: 20Cffl
-,scm
j+70Cm.f T

PLAN AFTER REMOVING EARTH FIG.2-7 SECTION ON A-A

(A) By centre line method :-To estimate the quantities, calculate first the total
length of cent re line which remains constant for varying widths of works, and multiply
this constant length of the centre line with the respective breadth and height. Thus
quantities of all items may be calculated easily.

[ (3m+2 x 30c1!_l) + (2·Sm+2 x 30cm)

Total length of centre Jinc=2 2 -2- ]=12·2m

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTlMATE 35

---
iption No. Length Breadth Height Quantity T,>tal
------- ----· --- - - - --- · - - -
Earthwork in excavation 12·2m '70m ·?Sm 6"41 6 41 CU Ill

2. Lime concrete in foundation 12·2111 ·?Om ·!Sm 1· .:::-; \1 "28 cu m

3. Brickwork in foundation and plinth

50 cm layer 12·2111 ·SOm ·20m f·"))

(a)

12·2111 I ·oom
(b) 40 cm layer ·<-10111
- 4"88 -·--
(1· 111.c""u ,1;
·--- ...

ww
(B) By long and Shert wall method : -
Centre to centre Ieng.th of long walls-=--=3+.2 x •3, 0 =3'30m

The length
.... w.E
Centn: to centre length of short wall::. ·=<!·S + 2 x .,,f° ·..., 2·:-,0m
of long walls out-to-out and short walls in-to-in varv... in cvcrv. !aver
., of
f,)oting. To calculate the length of long wa I ls adJ h,tll' breadth of that layer at caL'll c!:d

asy
with the centre to centre length and for short walls subtract h.llf breadth of the layer from
each end. L(:ngths thu~ obtained may alsl1 bt: venfi,~J frnm th~ plan a~ ,,h.,wn 111 tltc
fi~urc 2-7.
- ...
En
Dc~cription No.
- -
L.
111
B.
ll1
----- gin H.
m
-·
Qu.
··-
T<)tal Explanatory note~
- - ---·· ---

eer
---- - ·-- - . - --
l. Earthwork iu escavado0- -
Long w.11ls ... 2 4·00 ·70 ·75 4·20 4•00=3·30+2 X · 7 ;:
2 2·10 2'.:!I 2•)() =2'80 -···2 X ·\•

ing
... ·70 ·75
Short w.ills - - ---
6 41
cum
2. Lime concrete in ~oundation
Long walls ... 2 4·00 ·70 ·IS ·84 .ne
Width of concrete
is ~ame as earth-
Short walls

3. Brickwork-in foundation
... 2 2·10 ·70 · 15
----4-1
·f;21f
cum
work so length~
are same a~
excavation. t
and plinth

Long walls
1st footing 50 cm ... 2 3·80 ·so ·20 '76 3·80=3 30+2 x•\''
2nd footing 40 cm ... 2 3•70 ·40 l ·OO 2·96 3·70=3'.",0 +2 x ·~g"

Short walls
·40 2· 30 =2·80-2 X •.\r,
1st footing 50cm ... 2 2·30 ·so ·20 2·40=2·80-2 x· 4, /
1·92
2nd footing 40 cm ... 2 2·40 ·40 1·00 --- - --- -- --
' 6 10
cum
---
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36 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Comparing the quantities as calculated by the centre line and long•short wall
methods it is observed that the same results have been obtained by any one of the methods.
But to estimate the quantities of works by long-short wall method as illustrated above,
when lengths of long and short walls vary for different widths of works it becomes more
laborious a job than to estim,tte the quantities of different works through centre line
method. lt is, therefore, a common practice now•:.i-days to calculate the quantities of
works for symmetrical sections through centre lines and this i~ as accurate as that of tong-
short wall meth::,d.
2-9. Partition Wall :-(a) Partition ~1
Wall having the same section to that ---------- --~,f>m----- ----.-..i
of main wall. ·-' · ·-------- - - -· - - ·-4 ----:::::--=::::-=:---.-::: .

ww
Example 1.-Two

section
w.E roomed building.
Fig. 2-8 shows the plan and cross.
of foundation wall of a I
WAU.-

iI I ~ .

IE
'l I I
. I,
asy
1·1· ·

building after removal of earth • 1 r -.t- I

Let us calculate the quantity of
earthwork in excavation and quan• :iII
EnU ~ =~~=~;:;.~~~~ ! llr
. ~ . -~~-/_m
if l~ir- _;=y- _!_ttt__,~,
titics of concrete and brickworks in
foundation and plinth. gin ·=
~ ..,,_;= _·_ -
-=-
:;;,,-=_~
eer .:e4

ing
PLAN AT PLINTH AFTER RE\1.0VING EARTH

.ne
t
P. l't--------------~ L.

G.
T .
...okJ - - - - - -4~t; :v;R -- - - -- ! ~tmH·
:.~tt\,J,, ~.·':;, ,-,... ._.. .. ·..·,._,..~~o~:li
• ; ..· :•,.: -~...:.-':•···, .,,_.·: .:;,.;:~o~c..
~ ;~~:~~ u -. - __ ~~~~-~~~~tf~~~r:~~;;~,~-~-:-~~~~- ,~~~~ffi~ -t
~ --4 ' Mffl · ....j

SECTION ON A-B (ENLARGED)

AFT.ER REMOVING EA1lTB
FIG. 2·8

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 37

(A) Centre Line Metbod-In the previous article (cxample-2) it has been oh~crved
that centre line length for main outer walls remains constant for different layer, of work.
But the centre line length for the partition wall will vary due to influence of main walls.,
Length of centre line for main outer walls
=2[(6"90-30cm) +(4·60m-30cm)] =21·80m
,
This length of 21 ·som r.:mains constant for all works from earthwork to brickwork
111 sup::rstructure.

Length of center line for partition wall =4m +half of wall thickne~s at each end
=4+2x· 8/=4·30m

ww For earthwork=4·30m-half of trench width at each end

=4·30m·-2 x '''f0 cm=3·60m

w.E
:. For earthwork total kngth of center line=21"80m+ 3·60m=2S"40m
Now, the question may rai~e as to why the actual length of centre line for the

asy
pHtition wall has been reduced to half of trench width from both ends where this wall
joins along with the main wall. Following the fig. 2-8 (see ~ection) for explanation of

En
the above question it is observed that, when 70cm wide trench has been excavated for the
main wall, a portion measuring half of the trench width has already been excavated from

gin
the original length of centre line of the partition wall 4·30m at each end and therefore,
this ptHtion shall not be taken into account during earthwork in excavation of this
partition wall.
eer
ing
In working out examples number of :such joint ~hall be studied first and deduction
by half width of work for the number of joints be made without any explanauon. 1hw,

.ne
calculate the total centre to centre len&ths of all walls buing same sedioo and then
deduct lly half wldtb of the work for the number of junctions with "bic:h the iartitioo wall
joins. Note that there wlll be a junction when three walls meet at a place.

Thus total length of centre linc=21 ·80+4·30=26' !Om

t
For earthwork 26· lOm-2 x · 't° = 2S·40m
Centre line for concrete work-This remains same as that of earthwork (2S·40m)
because concrete work for partition wall joins at a same level with concrete work for
the main wall and width of earth and concrete works are the same.
Centre line for brickwork 50cm wlde=26" 10-2 x · l!t° =25·60m
The question of reducing half of 50cm width of brick layer from both ends of
partition wall where this joins along with the main wall is same as that of earthwork
explained above.
Thus, centre line for brickwork 40cm wide=26· 10-2 x · 'i =25·70m
Centre line for brickwork 30cm wide =26'10-2x·Y=25·80m

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38 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description No.
L. B. H. Qu. Total Explanatory notes
m m m
-- - ·- - - - -- ----·- -·
J . ~rtbwork in excavation l 25·40 ·10 ·90 16·00 16·00
cum
3. Llrue concrete in founda-
tion I 25·40 · 70 ·30 5·33 5·33
cum
3. Brickwork in foundation
and plinth
(a) 50cm layer I 25·60 ·so ·20 2"56
(h) 40cm layer I 25"70 ·40 ·20 2"06
(c) 30cm layer 25"80 7·74

ww
·301 1-00
II ·- -- - 12·36
--
cum

-do-
w.E
(B) Long and short wall method :-Rcforrmg tht.: plan of Fig. 2-8.
Centre to centre length oflong walls=(3·0+·30+ 3·0) +2 x · ·~n =6·60m
-do- of short walb=4·0 +2 x ·'~"=4·30m

asy
Note that the partition wall ls to be consider~d here as short wall as the same IJ
parnllt'l lo it.

Description No.
L.
En B. H. Qu. Total Explanatory 11otc~
m m
gin m
---- - ··· - - - -
I . Earthwork in excavation

(a) Long walls 2 7•30 ·70 ·90 eer 1 7·30=6·60+2x · 1."

(b) Short walls 3 3·60 ·70 ·90
ing 3·60=4·30-2 x -~d'

2. Lime Concrete in
foundation .ne
(a) Long walls
(b) Short walls
:10
·70
·30
·30
3·07
2·26
- - ~:f
Lengths same as
earthwork for i,amc
width at a same level
t
3. M Clas.• brickwork in cum
foundation and plinth

(a) Long walls-

I st footing 50cm 2 7·)0 ·50 •30 1·42 7·10=6'60+2 x· 111°
2nd footing 40 cm 2 7·00 ·40 ·30 1• 12 7 00=6·60+2 x·-\,0
3rd footing 30cm 2 6·90 ·30 )·30 4·14 6"90=6·60+2 X -~,

(b) Short walls-

1st footing 50cm 3 3'80 .50 ·20 I· 14 3•80=4·30-2 X •~o
2nd footing 40cm 3 3·90 ·40 ·20 0-94 3·90=4"30--2 X "\!-1
3rd footing 30cm 3 4·00 ·3 1·00 3·60
-- -·- 12·36 4·00=4·30-2 x-~11
cum
Note that b1 both the method1(A) and(B) ,ame quanl;tie, of work ha-.e been estimated.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE

tb) Partition and Veraadah Walla baTing DUferent Cross section to that of Main Wall.
Fig. 2-9 shows plan at plinth and cross section of different wall:.. of u building. \VI.'
are now to calculate the quantities of (1) earthwork in excavation. (2) concrete work 111
foundation and brickwork in foundation and plinth.

,---
(A) By Centre llae Method:
The method of calculation - - - - - - - - - 1•9m---------
<>f centre lines is described A
below. .,._.m
Main Outer Walls :-
Rack and front=2(T9-·40)
=15m
Note: Back AB=front CD+EF ,~,- ,.
E

ww
Sidcs=2(5·2-·40)=9·um
I\J,11c: Si_de BC=side~ DE+F~_:
'
"<I'

w.ETotal=2"46m
F
I
f
+
....
This centre line length of
2-HJm remains co11stant for
all works because at corners asy C
uo addition or subtraction
is required as illustrated
En PLAN AT PLINTH
previou:..ly in the cxamph::-1
or article 2-8. Length of th1~
l'entre line must not be gin l••..',~ \J~ <\rJW:f•;"h • . •, l
amalgamated along with that
of the centre line for the
partition and verandah walls
20
cm
eer s·s•
having a different section.
For Partition & Verandah
P. L

ing
P. L.

Walls:-
Before starting ca !cu lations
JO
C111
'10C.lll
L. .ne
for centn.: lme, attention
:..hould be paid to note at how
many places these walls join
with the main walls, since
-n,ew- - -
-1------&
- ---- --
t
centre line varies due to 6cS6Cll..j
such joints. A joint occurcs f-80CI--I
when three walls meet at a
place. In this problem there SECTION OF 20CM WALL SECTION OF 30CM WALL
are altogether four such (ENLARGED) (ENLARGED)
joint,; as marked by 'stars'
on the plan.

To calculate the l~ngth of c~ntre line-

Partition Wall inner to inner Jength=5·2-1'0-2 x·40=3'4m
Length of centre line for partition walh=(3•4+•40)::::3•80m
Thus, centre line for 'Yerandah Wall-
Front=(3·4+·30+·40)-•1t°-•'-j.=3•75m
Side=(l ·4+·'i_-·\0 )=l ·05m

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40 ESTIMATING COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

Total length of centre line for putition and Verandah walls= 3·8 +3"75 + t ·05=8·60m
:. Total length of centre line for earthwork=8'60-4 X' 8i'=7·00m
and the total length of centre line for concrete work which joins with 60cm brick layer of
main wall=8·60-4x·: 0 =7·40m
In the previous article it has been found that centre line of concrete work for the parti-
tion wall remains same as that of earthwork. In this case a question, therefore, may arise
why the centre line is increased over that
of earthwork. The reason of addition is
that in the previous article section of main
and partition walls are the same. but herc
they differ. Because of such difference,
concrete of the putition wall joins with
the 60cm brickworks of the ma m wall as

ww
shown in the fig. 2-10.
While calculating centre line for earth-

w.E
work of the partition wall, length upto the
border of excavation for main wall wa~
considered. Now, to meet 60cm brick layer
of main wall an additional concrete work

asy
(equal to the shift of 60cm thick layer to•
words centre from that of 80cm concrete

En
work) 1s necessary.
Thus, centre line for 40cm brick layer of
partition and Verandah walls=8'60-4 x · ~' 1
= 7'60m and centre line for 30cm brick gin .
layer=8·60-4 x ·•,t =7·80m
Estimate for quantities of works may be eer ,_:

prepared without any illustration as des-

cribed above. ing
PLAN SHOWING THE JUNCTIONS
FIG. 2-10

B H. .ne ,-

j
Description
Eartbwork in e:rcavation
(a) Main outer walls
- --
No.
- ---
L.
m

24'60
m

'80
--
m.

'90
-
Qu.

17·71
---- t
Total

(b) Partition & Verandah Walls 7 00 ·56 ·70 2•74

I 20·45 cu n
2. Concrete work In foandation
(a) Main outer walls 1 24'60 '80 ·20 3•94
(b) Partition and Verandah Walls I 7"40 ·56 ·20 '83
-4-77 cu rr
3. Brickwork In foundation and plinth
(a) Mam outer walls-60cm brick layer ... 1 24 60 '60 ·20 2·95
50cm brick layer ... 1 24·60 ·so ·.20 2·46
40cm brick layer ... 1 24'60 ·40 l·OO 9·84
(b) Partition &. Verandah Walls
40cm brick layer ... 1 7"60 ·40 \ ·60 ·61
30cm brick layer ... 1 1·so I ·30 1·00 ~ ,
18·20 cum

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 41

<BJ Lona •ad Short wall method :-Referring the plan of fig . 2-8 Ctntre to centre
dl1tanct1 : -
Entire back as long wall =7·9-·40=7·5m
Front big room -do- =3·4+·40=380m
Front small room -do- =(3·4+·30+·40)-2 x ·'/ =3·70m
Verandah front as long & short wall =(3·4+·30+·40)-·•~•-· 1," =3·75m
Verandah left as short wall = l '0-· \ 0 + ··\? = l ·0Sm.
Verandah right -do- =l·0-"\-0 +·\"=l·00m
Right of big room -do- =4·4+"40=4·~0m
Left of small room -du-- =5·2-I·0--2x · 4/=3·8m
Partition wall -do- =3·8m (same as kfL of small room)
Note that :-(I) For back the lwo rooms have not been considered separately becau~c
fa) the entire back being a continuou~ wall should not ordinarily be split into two p:irh
(b) the partition wall is different in section to that of the main wall. '
(2) Fronts of both the room'> not being a c0ntinuous wall, the entire front can not

ww
be considered simultaneously as in the case of the back wall.
(3) The Verandah front wall jJints with another long wall at its right hand end

w.E
previously considered. So this end of Vcrand.ih wall shall actually be treated a~ short
wall while its other end as long wall .ind ac,:ordingly this wall is named as long-~hort wall
(a, described in the article 2-8). -

Description
asy I I L.
m. B.
m. ~--/~)Total/ Explanatory notes.

1. Earthwork lo excavation
E n I
s·JJ ·so g
'

Entire back
Front big room
as Ion!(
-do- .. .
Front small rnom -do- .. .
Ver. front as long& short
in
4.60
4-50
3·o3
·so
·so
'56
I ·90
"90
'90
'70
;,·97
3·3J

eer
3"24
1'42
8. 30 = 7: 5 -t- 2 X . ~. 'I
4"60=3'8 +2 X · ~n

J·63=3 75+' 526 -··,l

Verandah left as short 0-37 ·56 ·10 · 14

j
ing
0·37= 1·05-· 6•8 -- ·":'1
Verandah right -do
Right of big room -do-
0·20
4·00
·dO
·so
·90
·90
· 14
2 88 .ne
0·20= J ·0-2 X ·•,n
4'00=4·8 -.2 X ,R,,o
Lcft of small room -do-
Partition wail -do-
t Lime concrete In foundation
J·oo
3'00
·so
-·56- - --
"90
"70
2· 16
J 18
3"00=3·8--2 X
'U"44 cum
·•:o
t
Entire back aa /,.mg... l 8"30 '80 ·20 I -33
Front big room -do- ... l 4'60 ·so ·20 0-73
Front small room -do- ... I 4·50 "80 ·20 ·n
Ver. front OJ lung & short l 3•73 "56 ·20 ·42 )•73=3•75_,ftlt + •Ot

Verandah left ,u short 0-47 "56 ·20 ·OS '47=l·0s-•ev°+·6.•

Verandah right -do- 0·20·so ·20 •OJ

Right of big room -do- l 4·00 ·so ·20 ·64

Left of sma 11 room -do- l 3·oo ·so ·20 ·4s
Partition wall -do- I 3·20 ·S6 ·20 ·36
---i-
--------------:-------------,-----~----
6

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42 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description
iNo I
L
m
I
I !/ ~:/ Qu. Total I Explanatory notes.
3. Brickwork in
and plinth
foundation
I
Entire back a11 long
l ~t t\1oting 60 cm I 8"10 ·61) ·20 '96 s·10=1·s+2 x •Ill
2nd footing 50 cm I x·oo ·so 20 ·so 8·00=7•5+2X' 1,0
3rd footing 40 cm l 7•90 ·40 1·00 3· )6

Front big room as long

I st footing 60 cm 4·40 ·60 ·20 •53 4·4=3•8 +2 X ' 8,0
2nd Lioting 50 cm 4·30 ·so ·20 •43 4"3=3·8 +2 X ' 6t

ww 3rd footing 40 cm 4·20 ·40 J•,>O l ·68

w.E
Front small mom as long
I st fioting 60 cm
2nd footing. 50 cm
1'30
4·20
·60
·so
·20
·20
"52
'42
4"30=3·70+2 x "'l
4·20=3'70+2 x · 6:•

asy
3rd f,,oti!lg. 30 cm 4·10 ·40 1·00 1·64

Verandah front as long&. sliort

I ,,t f.1oti n~. 40 cm
2nd footing 30 er;· En
3-70
3·70
'40 ·20
'30 1·00
"30
1·11
3•7=3·75-•r;,.o +•\O
3'7=3•75-•\ll +•\O

Verandah left a., short gin

1st footing 40 cm
2nd footing 3U cm
0·60 "40 ·20
0·10 ·30 I· 10 eer
·os
·21
'60=l·os-·v1 -·v
·10= 1·os-·\0 - · i0
Verandah right as short ing
l:.t f,iotin~ 60 cm
2nd footing. 50 cm
3rd footing 40 cm
:I
0·40 ·60 ·20
o·so ·so ·20
0·60 '40 1·00
·os
·os
"24 .ne
·40= 1·00-2x .,,,l

Right big room a11 short

1st footing 60 cm 4·20 '60 ·20 ·so I 4"20=4•8-2X •t,,
t
0
2nd footing 50 cm 4·30 ·so ·20 '43
3rd footing 40 cm 4•40 ·40 1·00 l ·76

Left small room as ahort

I st footing 60 cm 1 3'20 '60 ·20 3·20=3·8-2x ·y
'381
2nd footing 50 cm l 3·30 ·so ·20 •33
3rd footing 40 cm I 3'40 ·40 1·00 1"36

Pa rt it ion wall as short

1st footing 40 cm
2nd footing 30 cm
... 3-30 '40 ·20

- -
3·40 ·3o 1·00
---
'26
1·02
----
3'30=3•8-2 X •110
3·40=3·8-2x ·y
\1s·19
---- N. B.
cum
Compare the q11antities calculaterl hv mP.thnil , A,

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 43

(c) Partition or Verandah Wall having Differeat Cross Section to that of Maio
Wall and when a same footlag joins along with S.nral Footings of the Main Wall.
Fig. 2-11 shows the plan and sections of walls for a single roomed building with
Verandah. Estimate the quantities of the following items ;-(1) Earthwork in excavation
in foundation. (2) Lime concrete in foundation, (3) First class brickwork in cement
mJrtar (I :4) in foundation and plinth. (4) First class brickwork in cement mortar
( 1:6) in superstructure. Neglect step.
w w

AooM E
5mx4r'n w.:,'°
ww
tSJ

w
1±-Jm--!.E
C

J.:.E
11 VEF\ANDAN
I
asy
~0 • 2G>CIII
PILI.A
20crn
. 20CIII
30c:1'11

d ..
I En
30cni

gin
f ' 1 II 2 ' 1 m
•Q ,_
SECTION OF SECTION OP:
w-1•b-t•Srn
PLAN MAIN WALL VERANDAH WALL

(A\ By centre line method : -

FIG. 2-11
eer (ENLARGED)

(a) Leng1h of centre line f,>r mainwalls=2/(S·0 +2 x ·\P) + (4·0+2 x ' 8J')I = 19·2C'm
(b) Length of centre line for verandah wall~, ~idcs=2(1·5+· 82°+· 2, 0 )=3•5(lm ing
Number ofjolnts=2nos. Front=3+2x · 29°::=.::~~)m__

Note that a joint occur, at a place where three wall! join.

Total =6·70m
.ne
Des..-:nption
1. Earthwork io excavation
L. B.
jNo. j H.
m. I m. l m. I Qn. Total /Explanatory notes. t
Length 01 veranda h
(a) Main walls 1 19·20 ·90 1·00 17·28 is reduced by ha If
1 5·so '46 ·10 I ·87 of trench width
(b) Verandah wall!
-- 19· 15 5·so =6·,0--2 x · 02'
J. Lime concrete in foundation
(a) Main walls
(b) Verandah walls
1 19·20
1 6·10
'90
·46
-30
·20
I 5·18
·56
cum
Lime concrete join s
--- with 60cm bnck
5·74 layer of main wall
3. Plrst clu1 brickwork In 6·10=6·7C-2x •"i
foundation and plinth (l:4) cum
(a) Main walls
60cm layer 1 19"20 ·60 ·30 3·46
50cm layer 1 19·20 ·so ·20 1·92
40cm layer 1 19·20 ·40 "80 6·14
.-11•52
-

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44 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description /No./
L.
m. I:·. I H.
m.
I Qu. !Total I Explanatory notes
B. F. 1I·s2
(b) Verandah wall, portiO'l
joins with
(i) 6Ucm layer of main wall l <J· I 0 ·3.) ·10 · 18 6·10=6·70-2 X ' \0
(i1) 5Ucm ,. ., l (i•20 '30 ·20 ·37
(ii1J 40l:m
"
" . "
l 6·30 ·30 ·80
--l ·5 l
13·58
6'20=6·70-2 X -~
6"30=6·70-2 X •-l,P

4 Fint cl11P brickwork In cum

~upe rstructu re walls
(-a) Main wall!> 19·20 ·30 3·60 20·14 I
ww
(h) Verandah walls 6"40 ·20 2·80 3·58
fil"i
'6·40-6·70-2x·\0

s
w.E
Deductions for-
Door openings, D
Window openings, W
1
5
I·lO ·30
l 00 ·30
2·10 ·69(- vc)
I ·SO 2·2s
,,
asy
Verandah openings, sides 2 I ·SO ·20 2·40 1·44 Verandah lintel will
,, front ... I 3·00 ·20 2·40 1·44 15cm bearing at the
" at main wall
Lintel I 19•21) ·30 ·l S 'K6 ,," ends in main wall
-do- verandah I
En
6"70 ·20 ·l5 · 18 ,,
0'86117'46
6'70=6·4+ 2 x · 15
6·4 as that for 20 c1

gin cum wall in 4(b)

(B)
eer
Long and short wall method :-Rc.frrring to the Fig. 2-11
Centre to centre lengths for-
Room :-Long walls=5+2x -~,t =5·30111
Short walls=4+2x · ~"=4·30m
ing
Verand.ih :-Front long wall=3+2 x ·~t=3·20
Sides, short walls-1·s+· 2, 0 +· 3t=l·75 m
.ne
Desc1 iption t
Explanatory notes

1. Earthwork la excavatioa I
Room-Long walls ... 2 6·20 '90 1·00 11 '16 6 20 =5·30+·90
short walls ... 2 3"40 ·90 I 00 6'12 3·40 =4'30-·90
Verandah-Front lo ng wall I 3 66 '46 ·70 I' 18
Sides shor t walls 1·07 3·66 =3·20+·46
2 "46 ·70 "69 1·07 =l·1s--ol-·V
19· 15
2. Lime concrete ia roan datlea cum
Room-Long walls ... 2 6"20 90 ·JO 3•35
Short walls ... 2 3•40 ·90 ·30 1 83
Verandah-Front Ion g wall 1 3 66 "46 ·20 ·34
Sides short walls 2 1·.22 ·46 ·20 ·22 1·22
-- 5·74 \
cum

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 45

Description No. L. B. H. Qu. Total Explanatory notes

m m m
----- - - - - - -
Lime concrete joins
3. First class brickwork 1:4, in with 60cm brick
foundation and plinth layer of room
Room-Long walls
60cm layer 2 5·90 ·60 ·JO 2·12 5"90=5·30+·60
50cm layer 2 s·so ·so ·20 I·16 s·so=s·3o+·so
40cm layer 2 5·70 ·40 '80 3'65
2 3·70 '60 ·30 1·33 3'70=4·30-- '60

ww Short walls 60cm layer

50cm layer
40cm layer
2
2
3 80
3'90
·so
·40
·20
·so
·76
2·50

w.E
Verandah-front as long
30cm layrr 3'50 ·30 1·10 1· 16 3·50= 3·2J+ ·30

Sides Short wall<; asy

30cm layer
En
(i) that with 60cm
( ii) ,, 50cm
,,
"
2 1·30
2 I ·35
·Jo
·30 gin
·IO
·20
·os
· 16
1·Jo= 1- 75 _.fto_.30
l ·35 = l ·75-• lo_, lo
~ 2

(iii) ".,
"
40cm
"
2 hO ·Jo '80
eer
·67
13•59
cum
ing
4. First class brickwork (1:6) .ne
in superstructure
Room--Long walls
Short walls
215·60
2 4·00
·30
·30
3·60
3·60
12·10
8·64
5·60=S·3o+·30
4·00=4·3Q-·J0 t
Verandah-front as long I
(consider solid first) wall I 3'40 ·20 2·so 1·90
sides as Short walls 2 1·50 ·20 2'80 1·68

Deduction for openings,

lintel and verandah
openings ... (-ve)
same asin method (A) =6'86
17·46
cum

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46 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(d) A Baildlag ha~la1 Verandah Dwarf wall, Verandah PIiiars with isolated footing
ard dlfrenat 4lepthl or feundatlont to that or Main wall.
Estimate the following quantities from the Figure 2-12. (1) Earthwork in excavation,
(2) Lime concrete in foundation, (3) First class brickwork in foundation and plinth,
(4) First class brickwork in superstructure w,tlb. Neglect step.

w
30cm
. ----- -
s·o m
5m.,.4m R.c.c
ww
w BAHD
L\WTEL

.s " w
::so .E
cm -~
,
,,
/
•
t'\I
\S>
.
fO

asy l ~~
'---I

P.L p. Ll
i c-
U-<>4; .. ·'•

0 CJ E n
·•-111!"
45c~-L

'20cm xzocmrt====.;.-_-___
j,.
gin ocm
20C
PILLARS -
PLAN
2 rn .I
eer cm2oc

t• ,ot::m-i
O=·0OOR =1·1m"2·1 m
.:A.:..:a:.....;.:..:,;::.._
k ao-cm _,
r- -,
sEcnoN oi: SECTION.Of
DWARF WALL ·· ing
W =WINDOW =·,Omxt·srn
S =SHELVE = •9om x1·sm
SECTION OF MAIN
WALL. AT- AB
SQ.PILLAR
.ne
FIG. 2-12. ENLARGED t
(A) Centre Hae metbocl :-
Length of centre line for main walls=2[(5·0+2 x · 5,.0 )+ (4+ 2 x · 82°)1= 19·20m
Length of ~entre line for verandah dwarf walls (considering first as if there is no
middle pillar)
Front=(5·0+2 x ·30- 2 x •'i)
Sides=2(1 ·s+· 3a0+•\O)
Total =8·90m

Number or Jolat=lno1. with the main wall and deduction for the length covered
due to presence of 3nos· pillars shall be made. Pillars shall be considered separately.
Note that the length covered by pillars are 1 time for front and 2 times for sides.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE

Description
L.
INo. f m. I:·. I I H.
m. Qu. \Total Explanatory notes

l. Earthwork in esca•ation
I
Ill foundation trenches
(a) Main walls ... 1 19•20 :80
I l·OO 15·36 6·00=e8·90-2x · 11 ~
(b) Pillars ... 3 ·10 ·10 ·10 1·03 -3x ·10 r.-
(c) Verandah walls ... 1 6·00 ·46 ·65 1·80
-- ~
cum

ww
2. ume concrete lo foundation
(a) Main w..ills
(b) Pillars
...
...
...
l
3
J
19·20 ·80
·10 ·10
6·20 ·46
· 30
·20
•15
4·61
·29
·42
6·20=8·90-2 x .e,CJ
-Jx•10

w.E
(c) Verandah walls -- 5-32
cum
l. First class brick.work: lo
found:1tion and plinth
(a) Main walls- asy
En
1st footing 60cm ... I 19·2() ·60 ·20 2•30
2nd footing 50cm ... 1 19·20 ·so ·20 1·92
... 1 19·20 ·40 •75 5·76
plinth wall 40cm
(b) Pillars, 1st footing
plinth wall
3
3
·40
·30
·40
·30 gin ·20
·75
·10
·20
(c) Verandah dwar~ walls-
(.i) coinsidl! with 50cm
of main 1 1·20 ·20 ·20 eer
·29
7·20=8' 90-2 X ·•t''
-3x·4o
(ii) coinside with 40cm
of main l 7'60 ·20 ·75 . H
l ·14
. . 0 0 • • • • o o0
ing
11·71
7·60-8·90-2 X •t,i'
-3x ·JO

I. Flnt class brickwork la

I cum
.ne
supcrstructu re walls
(a) Main walls ...
{b) Verandah (as solid) ...
1
1
19·20 ·.::o
8'60 ·20
3·60 20·73
2·80 4·81
25·54
s·60=8·90-2x·\i,
t
Declactlons for- ·69 .(-ve)
Door opening, D 1 1· 10 · Jct 2·10
Window openings, w 4 ·90 ·30 1·50 1·62 ,.
... ......
Shelve, s l ·90 ·2c, 1·so ·21 ,,
,, consider
the depth of
Lintel in main wall 1 19·20 ·JO ·10 ·58 shelve is 20 c m
Verandah openings front 2 2·40 ·20 2•50 2·40 2'40-f(5·0-·20)
,, ,, sides 2 1·50 ·20 2·so 1·50 " 9·20=8·60+2x •3:J
Lintel (continuous) ... 1 9·20 ·10 • 10 • 18 ,," consider JO cm bear-
1'24 18·30 ing in main wall at
cum each end

•
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48 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(b) By long and sbDrt wall methDd-Centre to c.:ntre Length of-

Room-Long walls=5·0+·30=5·30m
Short walls-4·0+·30=4·30m
Verandah-As if there is no pillar except at end~ and due to end pillars front and
side walls each acts as a short wall. Deduction for intermediate pillar shall be made.
Verandah front=(S·0 +2 x ·30)-2 x ' 2,"=5·40m
Sides=l·5+ 2,t+·;0 =1·75m

_ _ _ _o_e_sc_r_iption_____ '.I_N_o_. _;_;._l_ !·. I:: I ~To~I ,-E-xp_l_an_a_to-ry_n_o_te_s _

1. Earthwork In excavation in

ww
foundation trenches
Room-Long walls
Shvrt walls
2
2
6·10 "80
3·50 80
I0
J·o
6·I0=5·3o+ ·so
3·50=4·3o-·so

Pillarsw.E
Verandah front as short ...
f:'C. -W-20 -~o
3
I
·10 ·70
4·00 '46
l O
'70
'65
15·36
1·03
1·20
Note, total l.:ngth is
same as that by
ml!thod (A)

asy
2 J·00 ·46 ·o'i ·60 4'00=5·4-2 )(. 7¥0
,, Sid~s as short ... -·70
·1s·19
l ·00= l ' 75-· \ 0 - · 799

En
cum
2. Lime concrete in foundation
Room-Long walls 2 6 10 80 ·30 2"92
Short walls
Pillars
Verandah front as short .. .
2
3
1
3·50
·70
4·00
'80
·70
'46 gin
'30
·20
· 15
1'68
•29
·2s
4'00=5·40--2 X .,~
-·10 ~
Sides as short .. . 2 l 10 ·46 · 15
eer
- 1 5 _ I·l0=l'75-·;<1-·•t9
5·32
cum
3. First cla11 brickwork In
foundation alld plinth ing
Room--Long walls
1st footing 60 cm
2nd footing 50 cm
2
2
S·9o ·60
5·8o ·so
·20
·20
1·41
1·16
5"90=5·30+·60
5·80=5·3o+·5o .ne
plinth walls 40 cm
Short walls
1st footing 60 cm
2nd footing 50 cm
2

2
2
5·10 ·,m

3'70 ·61}
3 80 ·so
·75

·20
·20
3'42

·s9
"76
3·70==4·3o-·6o
3·80=4"30-·50
t
Plinth wall 40 cm 2 3•!i0 40 ·75 2·34

Pillars, 1st footing 40cm ... 3 ·40 ·40 ·20 ·IO

2nd footing 30 cm 3 ·30 ·30 ·75 ·20
Verandah front as short ... 4'60-5'40-2 X •\0-•40
Lower part upto 20cm ... 1 4"60 ·20 ·20 ·ts 4"80=5·40-·\0-·30
Upper part ... 1 4·80 ·20 ·75 ·12
Verandah sides as short ... I·3'l-t·7S-·6l-Y
Lower part upto 20cm 2 I 30 '20 ·20 ·IO 1·40= 1·1s-·v-·y
Upper part ••.• 2 1'40 ·20 ·75 ·42
11·71
cum

•
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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 49

Description

1. First class brickwork lo

/No., L.
m. l m.B. H.
m I Qu. !Total
I Explanatory notes

saperstructare walls
Room, Long walls 2 5·60 •30 3·60 12·10 5·60=5·30+·30.
Short walls 2 4•00 ·30 3·60 8"64 4·00=4·30-·30

Verandah front as long 1 5"60 ·20 2"80 3-14 s·60=5·40+·20

., side1> as short 2 1·so ·20 2·80 1·68 }·SO=l ·1s-·v•--·\ 0

>eduction- same as meth od A- 7•37 -(ye)

--178"17
I cum

ww (e) A Building with front wall Abutting Road.

ln some ca~es the corporatio11 or municipal authorities do not permit to cx1:avatt."

w.E
the road or footpath in order to extcnd the ti.lundation footrngs beyond the property !inc
l·ven against payment of necessary foes. Considering high cost of land, tf-ie foundation

asy
footings for such cases are designed with footing olfsl't~ at one side as shown in fig. 2·13. An
c~timatc of quantities for the items for the above type of foundation has been prepared
below.

En
Pn:pa re estimate for the following quantities from the figure 2-13 ( 1) Earthwork
111 excwaticn,

gin
(2) Lime concrete in foundation, !3) bt cbss brickwork in foundation
and plinth in cement mortar! I :4), (4) 1st cla~~ brickwork in supcr~tructurc walb.

eer
8 C
ing
.ne
40cm
E F t
B
W1

A
PLAN
D • DOOlt : I md:t m
w, • WINDOW a 1• 1ln1l '!5 m
Wz • WINDOW• •90n,c.r5m
s II SHELVE• •9011xt·sm

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50 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPEC1F1CATION

(Al Centr~ Hae method •--The method of estimating in this case is similar as that of
the gen1:ral principle followed and accordingly no addition or subtraction of the length of
centre line i<; rc4uired at th-: corner~ of rooms formed by two walls. But in this case when
:i wall having one-,ided footi1 ,l! offsets join,; along with another wall having symmetrical

footing olT~ets and form a corner the length of centre line varies for different footings.
For such c:i~c, calculate tir~t tlw length of centre line for the superstructure walls
and dccrea~e thi\ ll'ngth of centre line hy half of the one sided footing offsets at each
corner to find the centre line length L1r the corrc~ponding layers.
For partition wall joining with ~uch one "ided footing offset wall, reduce the length
c,f cent re line by the width nf off set from the centre as worked out in this example.

ww
In order to verify the procedure d1agramatically, consider the plan _of such a corner
wall having 40cm wide brick layer over 90 cm wid~ concrete as shown in the fig. 2- 14

...
~~ :
A
-~-~
w.E
Let, ABC=Length of ccntr..· lint: for 40 cm wide brickwork and can be calculated
from the dimensions of building.
ADE=Length of ct·ntre line for 90cm wide
(.,._ -~:·.•.
:. '::, ' ff..
asy concrete
ABC.
and this is required to be calculated from

', En Length of centre line for concrete work has

..' gin
been reduced by BD-g2°-V=l(90--40) cm which
1s half of the off set of concrete. To prepare the
estimate-
eer
For main wall, length of centre line=

ing
2[(4 J. ·to+4·5+·40)+5·40]=28·8m

.ne
For partition wall- do- do-
-s-o+·40=5·40m

PLAN OF A. CORNER
FIG. 2-14
Namber of corners=l where length of centre
line shall be decreased by half of one sided footing
offset.
t
Description
\
No. \1 L .
m.
I B.
111 .
i
I m
H. I _.Qu . j Tota( I Explanatory n:e-:

1. Earthwork in excavation
Main wall
Partition wall
...
...
1
I
28"30
4·25
·90
'40
"85
•40
21 °65
·68
128"30=28·80-2 X
('90-"40)
~
- . 22•33 4·25=5·4o-· 0,°
I cu m -(·90-• 4,0)
2. Cement concrete (1 : 3 :6)
in Main wall ... 1 28·30 0
90 •JS 3"82 4·70=S·4o-·•l
... -('60-·~l>
Partition wall l 4•70 •40 ·IO
----;oil
·19

-- -- - cu
.
rn
· -· --

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE SI

Description No. L.
m. I!·. I H.
m. I Qu. TotalI I Explanatory notes
~-~·

3. First class brickwerk in

foundation and plinth

(a) Main walls

1st footing 70 cm l 28"50 ·10 ·20 3•99 28·50=28 80-2
2nd footing 60 cm I 28"60 ·60 ·20 3·43 xH·10-•40
plinth wall 50 cm l l3·70 ·so ·75 10·76 28'60=28·80-2
x H'60--· ·40

ww
(b) Partition wall ... l 4·o5 ·20 ·75
---·n Tg:gf 4"85=5·40--•~()
cum --("50-:...--\0 )

w.E
4. First class brickwork in
superstructure walls
Partition wall may
(a) Mam wall
asy I

l
28"80

s·oo
·40

·LO
3·80 43·73

3·80 I ·90
be kept 'leparate an d
measured m ~q m
(b) Partition wall
En 45·68
-
j
Deductioas for-
gin
Door openings D 2 1·00 ·40 2·10

1·so
eer
l ·68 (-ve)
Window

.
.,
.
,
W1

W2
3

2
1· 10 ·40

·90 ·40 1·•0

I •93

1·os •·
"
inl g
Shelve
"
s I ·90 ·30 1·50 ·40 . .ne
Lintel (continuous) 1 28 ·si, ·40 •I 5
·-·
1·73
6"87
,,
JiFlIT cum
t
(B) Long and short wan method-
P rocedu r.e :-The procedure of estimate in this case is similar as that of general
principle followed. The only differenoe is tl,at instead half of width add or subtract the
distance covered by the footing offset as worked out hereafter. Tke wall having with one
sided footing off set shall be kept separate from the symmetrical walls.
Centre to centre distance, back and front as long=(4+·10+4·5H ·40=9 m
sides as short=5·40 m
partition as short=5"40 m

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52 ESTIMATING, COSTING & SPECIFICATION

Description
INo. ,, L.
rn.
I B. / H.
m. m
Qu. j Total I Explanatory notes
-- - --
I. Earthwork in excavation
Back and front
long walls ... 2 9•90 ·90 ·85 9·90=9+2 x ·90/2
Sides as short ... 2 ,4•25 ·90 "85 4·25=5·40-90/2
T.L 28•JO ·90 ----:gs 21 ·65 - ('90-·40/2)
Partition as short ... I 4"25 '40 ·40 ·68
- - - ---
Note that total length
22'33 is same as that of
cum method (A)
2. Cement concrete in
foundation

ww
-,
Back & front long walls ... 2 9·90 ·90 · 15 2'67
Sides us short .. . 2 4"25 ·90 ·I5 I ·l S
Partition as short ... l 4•70 '40 ·to 19 ,

w.E - 4"70=5"40-·60/2
4·01 -(·60-·40/ 2)
cum
3. 1st clas1 brickwork in
foundation and plinth
asy
Back and front long walls
I
!

1st footing 70 cm
2nd footing 60 cm
...
.. .
2
2 En 9·70 7·0
9·60 o'O
·20
·20
2-12 1
2'30 I
9 70=9+·70

Plinth wall 50 cm ... 2 9•50 s·o

gin ·75 7'12

Sides as short- ·
1st footing 70 cm ... 2 ,4·55 ·70 ·20 eer 1·21 4'55=5·40- ·70/2
2,1 footing 60 cm
Plinth wall 50 cm
...
.. .
2
2
4•70 ·60
4'85 ·50
·20
·75
1· 13
3'i4 ing -("70-·-40/2)
4·70= 5'40 - '60/2

I .ne
- (·60- ·40/2)
4·85=5·40-• Sfl/2
-('50- '40/2 )
Parliton as short
plinth wall 20 cm ... I 4"85 ·20) ·75 I- -
·73
·1s•91 ·
t
~- 1st clau brickwork In I
superstructure walls I

Back and front as long ... 2 9'40 •40 s·so 28·58

I S·00=5 ·40- ·40/2
Sides as short ... 2 s·oo •40 3·80 1s·20 --(·40-'40/2)
Partition as short ... l s·oo -10 1 3·so 1'90 Partition wall may
I be kept separate and
I measured in sq m
Dedacton same as in method (A) - 6"S7 (-ve) '
J8•81
cum

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDlNG ESTIMATE 5]

(f) Balldin1 b1vin1 sneral Rooms 1l001 with Front and Back Verandahs.
Estimate 1he quantity of works of the following items from the attached plan and
detail~ of wall ~ections shown in the Figure 2-15.
(I) Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches, ( 2) Lime co1H:rcte in
foundation, (3) First class brickwork in cement mortar (1 : 4) in foundation and plinth,
(4) First class brickwork in cement mortar (1 : 6) in superstructure.
(A) Centre lh1e methocl :-Length of centre line.
(al For main wall of 30cm.
kitchen and beJ cumbineci = 2[(5"5-f- 20+3+ 2 X ·\0 )+(4+ 2x 'V' J] = 26 Wm
Right hand side beds combined=2[(4·s+·20+4+2x -l'l)+(4+2 x ·1~ 1)]= 26·60m
Drning cum Drawrng, back and front only,:=2(4·5+ 2 X ' 11°) = 9'60m
ww 1-·or 30cm total
...
== 62'80m

w.E ~·§ m •I .t1Joemx2ocn,

B.\TH
ll't

D, asy E
20CM
D, w.c E
'Zffl.ll.'2:!'.>m n-ZOCM (\I
LO

En 1'5ffl1''1'5 u
0
i
gu
in '~ff
D .Jo cm D D

D 0 eer ; "~.
q ,
~
.,E f
ing
_
KITCHEN DRAWII-IG BEO R.OOM
"'N
. '
w, -4mx3m cu""
DINING ROOM
4mx Am
t
I

20cm
~-s m" s·srn
.ne
E
0
w1

5EO ROOM
w,
D
D
t
-

4 m "'i:;-s m D E D SECTIONS OF
1/1
(\J BED R.001\11 WALLS.
E
0 ""'m "'4"5JTI
,,. 0

w w
i,ocm
0 • oooA. • 1•1m x2·1m. W • WlWDOW • ri,m 111•5 11'1,
0,.000"'-,• ·tom ,2·1m. PLAN W, ,. Wll4DOW, • 1•orn x ,. 5 m •
S aSHELVES•l'mlCl'5nl, We •WlM00Wt•l'Om .. 1·om.

FIG. 2·15
NDmber or jolnts=2 x 2=4 DOI, with main wall (where dining cum drawing room's h'li.:k
and front walls join)

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54 ESTIMATING COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(cl) Fer 20cm wall of partition and verandah,-

Partition walls=2(4+2 x ·30) ... = x·6m (joil'lts:s4nos. with main wall)
Front verandah front=(4·5+·30) ... = 4·8m (joints=2nos. ,, ,, )
Back verandah entire =14+4·5 -/ 4+4x·30)--2x ~/=13·5m
Sides of back verandah and
front of bath and W. C.=4(2·5+ · 2;;11 +·=•;i) ... = I l ·00m (joinb = 4nos. with main
and 2nos. with 20cm)
For 20cm total= 37 90m. Number of
~--
joiot=-::.lOoos. w.1tb 30cm. 2oos. with 20cm.

Description No. L. B., H. Ou. 'Total Explanatory notes

ww
1. ~•rthwork in exca,atloo lo 1
m. m -m.

w.E
t1H1ndauon for...
Ma111 waits •••
Verandah and partition
. .. I
••• I 61·00 90
32·70 ·10
·90 49"41
·60 13·73
61·00=62·80-4 x·";)
32·70=J7·Y0-l0X •11i

Marn walls ••• .•. asy

1. Lime concrete lo foandatlooj
1 61 ·00 ·90 i ·:O 16·47
63· 14
cum
-2 X ' 71°

Verandah and partition

3. ht. clasl brickwork lo
I
En
34·20 ·10 ·20 4-79
21·26
34"20 = 37'90-)(\' X •ft;:
- --2 X · ' /
foUDdatioo and Pliatb for
Main walls gin 7-39
cum

61 ·60=62·80-4

eer
ht. fooung 60 cm I 61·60 ·60 ·20 X •tl2o

2nd [)()ting 50 cm I 6I·IW •50 ·20 6"18

pl111th wall 40 cm I 62·00 •40 "80 19·84
Verandah and partition
Footing of 40 cm 35·()() ·40
35·60 ·30
·20 2"80
8·54 ing
35·00=37·90-10 X • 6.n
-2x ·v

.ne
Plinth wall 30 cm ·80
4. ht. class brickwork In 44·7s
,upentructare walls for-
Main walls 30 cm
Verandah (ai r.olid) and
partitfon
62·20 ·30

36·20 ·20
3 70 69·04

2·80 .20·27
cum
62·20-62·80-4 X
t
36 20=37·90- 10 X · 3•0
-2x· 3.9
•\O

89"3)
Dedaetlo111 for-
(-ve)
Door openings, D 9 1·10 ·30 2·10
·9t, ·20 6"24
Di 3 2·10 I· I 3 "
w'indow openi,~gs
., ,,
w
w,
21
81
t·so ·3o
1·00 ·30
\·SO
1·so 1·35
3·68
,.
." ,. w, 2 1·00 ·20 1 00 ·40 ",, (40 60=37·20+ lOx ·30
Lmted (ba1td) for main wall 1 62·20 30 ·1s 2·80 +2x ·20
.. for verandah & partition 1 40·60 ·20 · 15 (full bearing in :.0 cm
Verandah oponings- 1·22 ., and 20cm walls)
Front 1 4•10 ·20 2·40 3·10-=(4+4·5+4+4 X
Back I 1·97
S·IO ·20 2 40 2·45 " ·20)-2·0-1 ·S-4 l'- ·20
Shelves s 3 1·00 ·20 1·50 •90 ",, -2X"40
22·06 67•25· cum

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 55

(B) Loni and Short wall method :-Centre to centre distance for-
Kitchen and bed room (combined)~ Long walls=(3+5·S +·20)+2 x ·~ :::::9•()f)m
Short walls=4·0+·30 .... =4·30m
Partition Short wa!ls=4·0+·30 =4·30m
Right hand side bed rooms (combined), Long walls=(4+4·5-t- ·20)+·30 =9·00m
Partition ••. Short wall =4+·30 =-4·30m
Drawing cum Dining room, back front short wa1ls=4·S+·30 =4·80m
Front verandah front, short wall-4·5+·3t> =4·80m
BackVerandah.back, long wall (4+4·5+4+3x·30)-2x• 2.f ...=13-SOm
Back Verandah sides, and fronts of bath & W.C. short walls-2 ·5+•.8.°+·'i=2·75m

Description No. j L. B. H. Qu. Total Explanatory notes

-- -- -- - m m. m
- ·- ·- -- --- - -

ww
I
I
1. Earthwork In excavadoo l
in foundation.

w.E •90
I
Kitchen and Bed \combd.) I

Long wall~ 2 1 9·90 ·90 '90 16·04 9·90-9+2x-

Short walls 2 3-40 ·90 '90 5·51 2
3•40 ·10 ·60 1·43 •90

asy
Partition, Shor! wall 1
Right hand Bed:. (combd.) 3·40=4•3-2 X -
Long walls 2 9·90 '90 ·90 16·04 2
Short walls
P.ut1tion, Short wall
2
1
En
3·40 ·90
3•40 ·10
·90 5•51
'60
I
1·43 '90
Drawing cum Oining--
back and front, Shon wall
Front Verandah. front
2 ; 3"90 ·90
I
! gin ·90 6'32
3•90=4'80-2 X -
2
·70
Short wall
Back Verandah back
I i 3·90 ·10
I
i

I 14-20
·60

·60 eer
1'64
5"96
I4·20=13·5+2x -
2
Long wall
Sides and front of bath &
w.c. Short walls 4
·70
1·95 ·10 '60 3·28 I ing '70 '90
1·95=2·75- - - -
2 2
63-:-14
.ne
2. Lime coacrete In foon-
datioo.
Kitchen and Bed (combd )
Long walls 2
2
9 90 ·90
3•40 ·90
·30
·30
5-35
l ·84
t ·60
Short walls
1 3·70 ·70 ·20 ·5 l J·7t•4·30-2 X -
Partition, Short wall 2
Right hand Beds (combd.)
Long walls 2 9·90 ·90 ·30 5·35
2 3·40 ·90 ·30 1·84
Short walls ·5l
Partition, Short wall I 3·70 ·10 ·20
Drawing cum Dining- ·60
2·11
back and front, Short 2 3-90 l-90 30 4"20-4'80-2 x -2
Front Verandah. front-
Short wall
1 I
4·20 ·10 ·20 ·59
Back Verandah, back l 1·99 •70 ·60
Long ~all 14"20 i ·10 ·20
2·6s-2·1s- - - -
Sides and front of bath
and W. C. Short walls
4 2·10 •70 ·20
--- - -
1'18
21•27 cum
2 2

-
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56 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description !No.
I
I
!
L
m. I:· H.
m ! Qu. /Tot'Ll Explanatory notes

3. 1st class brickwork io

foaaclatloa and plinth
Kitchen and bed (combd.)
Long wall,-
I ~t footing 60cm. 2 · 9"60 ·6Q ·20 2·30 9 60==9+"60
2nd fouting 50cm 2 ! 9·50 ·SO ·20 1·90
Plinth wall 40cm 2 , 9·40 ·40 --·80 6"0Z

Short walls- --
1st footing 60cm 2 3·70 '60 ·20 '89 3'70-4 30-·60
2nd footing 50cm 2 3 80 ·so ·20

ww
"76
Plinth wall 40cm 2 3·90 ·40 '80 2'18
Partition as ,hort - -
3·80 -40 ·20

w.E
bt .footing 40cm ·30 3 80=4·30-·50
Plinth wall 30cm 3·90 '30' ·so •94

Right hand side bed room~

(combined) Long wall,---
I st footing 60cm asy 2 9·60 "60
9•50 ·so
·20 2·30

En
2nd footing 50cm 2 ·20 1·90
Plinth wall 40cm 2 9·40 ·40 '80 6·02
Short walk-·
I ~t footing 60cm
2nd footing 50cm
2
,.,.,
3•70 ·60
3-80 ·so gin
·20
·20
"89
"76

eer
Plinth wall 40cm 2 3·90 ·40 ·so 2·so
Partition ai. !>hort--
1,t footing 40cm 3'!W '40 ·20 ·30
Plinth wall 30cm

Drawing cum Dining--

3-90 •30 '80 ·94
ing
back and front short walls
I st footing 60cm 2 4·20 "60 ·20 l ·OI .ne
4·:o-4·so-·6o
2nd footing 50cm
Plinth wall 40cm

Front verandah front

2
2
4·30 ·so
4·40 •40
·20
"80
"86
2"82 t
Short wall-
1st footing 40cm 4 30 ·40 ·20 ·34 4·30=4·8o-·so
Plinth wall 30cm 4·40 ·30 ·so 1 06
Back verandah back
Long wall-
1st footing 40cm l 13"90 40 ·20 I·ll
l 13 90-13'50+"40
Plinth wall 30cm 13"80 •30 "80 3•31
Sides and fronts of bath
& W. C. Short walls
1st footing 40cm 4 2"30 ·40 ·20 ·74
Plinth wall 30cm 4 2"40 ·3o ·80 2·30 2· 30-2·1s-· e.0 - · •.0
44-4f
cum

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE S7

2-10 CALCULATION OP ARCHES :--

There are various types of arches used under different constructional works. But
calculations for quantities of masonry works of (a) Segmental arches with a given span
and rise, (b) Segmental arches with a given span and central angle, (c) Semi-circular
arches and (d) Flat arches are illustrated below. For practical purposes Semi-Elliptilcul
arches may be considered as segmental arches.
Jn every case quantities are to be calculated by finding the mean length of each arch
and then multiplying this mean length by its thickness and breadth.

General nqtt1tlon1 :-
Referring to the fig. 2-16

ww
lm=length of mean arch
rm=mean radius
r=inner radius w.E
2a=span of arch
h=rise of arch asy
h=chord of half the arc
En
t-thickness of arch ring
IJ=ccntral angle gin
w=width of arch (not shown eer
in the fig)
ing
.ne
(a) Se:meD!aJ Arch with a glYeo Span and Rise :--
Referring to the fig. 2!16 we have from geometry b= .Jr2 +h•
FIG. 2-1(;

and b2=2rh
t
From the above two equations two unknown values of b and r are to be calculated.
8b-2a
Length of inner arc= -3- (From Mensuration)
.
Lenith of mean radius=r+ T (Value oft shall be given).
Mean arc Inner arc
Now, proportion. of Mean radius Inner radius
In the above equatiou everything has been calculated excepting the un_kaown value
of mean arc, Im and the same is to be determined from this equation.
·. -.. Quantity of work, Q=lm x w x t. (Value of w shall be given).
8

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58 ESflMATlNG, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Eumple: A Segment 1I arch ha1 a span of 3rn and rise of 60cm. II thicktttSI of the arch
II 30cm calculate the quantity of arch masonry for a length of 2m.
Ans :-By question we have, span, 2a=3m ri~c h=60cm
lfbbethechordofhalfthearcthcn, b=,.,/}it+u' = ../(·6)'+ttI·5) 2 =1·62m.
b' (1·62) 2
Also, b 2 =2rh :. r= - 2h = -·2x·6() =-2·18m.
8b--2a 8 XI ·62--'30
Length of inner arc-= --~1- = J = 3·32m
t ·30
Mean radius, rm=-r+ · 2 · ~- 2· 18 + --2- =2·33m

ww Mean arc
Now, Mean radius =
3·32 X 2·33
1nncr a re
Inner radius or
Mean arc
2·33
3· 32
-= 27:If'

(bl w.E
: . Mean arc=-= :Ff8---= 3·55m .·. Quantity. Q=-:/m xw xt=3·55 x 2·0 x ·30=2"130cu m
Segmental arch. Case- I whb • giTen Span & Angle :-

asy
Rr:fcrring to the fig. 2-16. Inner radius. r=-sm {ij~ -
a

:. Mean radius, rm=

a
!.Ill
En
ti/~ ·-+
t
·-:r·-- (Value oft shall be given)
Now.
Im 8° 0°
gin
21rr~- -- =37J;o___ :. lm=211rm X 36(i°-
.'. Quantity. Q =Im x w x t (Va luc of w ~hall be given)
eer
Example : E1timate the quantity of.first class arch work In JO nos. segmental areh
ing
openings having a SfJan of 2m with 75' angle at centre and 20cm thick in a 30cm Verandah
wall of a public building.
Ans:-lnner radius, r = a _,, __--Im- = l ·64m .ne
:. Mean radius, rm=r +
sin 0/ 2

t _
-:r---
!>Ill

t·64+
-2-
75°

·20
2- =1"74m
t
75°
Now, length of mean arc, lm=2,rrm x 3~~. =21r x l ·74 X 3600 =2'28m
:. Quantity of 1st class arch work in one number=lm x t xw=2·28 x ·20x ·30
;. Quantity for 10 nos.=l0x2·2sx·2ox·30=l·368 cum.
Seamental arch. Cue-2 with• atven Span and Angle formin1 equilateral trlan&le oTer
an openina I.e. formia1 u anale or 60° at the centre.
Referring to the fig. 2-16, ~ince equilateral triangle is formed by span and radii.
:. span 2a=r; rm=r+ _t_
• 2
• Im 60• . I 1
• • 2nrm - 360° • • m - °' X 2nrm
Quantity Q-lm xtxw.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 59

E:rample: rThe 11gmtntol arch oJ ,pan 90cm o,er a window - opening Is equllcteral on
the span and radii._ I/the orch ring 11 .10cm thick and the thicknt11 of wo/11130cm
estimate the quant1t)I of brickwork In 10 ,uch arches.
Ans. :-Referring to the fig. 2-16, since equilateral triangle is formed by the span and
radii; radius, r=2a=90cm

t 20cm
Mean radius, rm=r+ r=90cr~+-2- =l·O0m

The angle of an equilateral triangle is 60• :. central angle 8=60"

Im 60° Im 60
Wehave2;-rm=360°or, 21rxI·OO = 360 : . lm=,x21r=l·047m

ww Quantity for one opening, Q=/mxtxw=l·074x·20:1c30

Quantity for 10 openings=lO x t ·074x ·20 x ·30-0·644 cu m

w.E
(c) Semi-circular arch with a then Span:-
Since the arch is semi-circular, the quantity of masonry work may be calculated

asy
knowing the span, thickness and width of arch.

For semicircttlar arch r=a; Mean radius. rm=r+ 2= a+

t
-t:r
En
Length of mean arch lm=-~;rm = 11 rm :. Quantity, Q=lmxwxt

gin
Fxample: A :en-:1-ciflular arch has a span of lm. If thickntss of tht arch is 30cm and
width 60cm, colcuh tt th, quantity of arch masonry.
eer =
ing
,
Ans :-lnner .
radius, r= .span 2m = 1m •. . M ean ra d.ms, rm=+ t
- 2-= 2 1 +·30 = 1. 15 m
2 2
?,rr
LenCYth
0
of mean arc , Im= :-_2 '!1 =.irrm=n x l · 15
.ne
· Quantity, Q=lm x w x t=nX 1·15 x ·60x ·30=0·650 cum
(d) Flat arch :-Flat arch should have an angle of 60° at the skewback as shown in the
fig. 2-17. In practice a small camber of 3mm
t
for 90 cm of span is provided.

Referring to the fig. 2-17 if t be the

thickness of the arch, then projection at one

side - tan 60• --- ·-- =0·57t

1·732
,: . Mean length of arch, lm=span+0·57t:
Quantity Q=lm x t x w
N.B. For practical purpose /m=span x ·St
FIG. 2-17

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60 ESTIMATING COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

Esaaple : Est lmat, the quantlly In 5nos flat arch masonry o,,, 90cm wide window
op1nln11 If tht thickntsl of arch is 20cm and the thlckne.u of the wall I, 30cm.
1
Ans.; If t be the thickness of the arch then projection at one side=· tan 60°=· 57 t
:. Mean length of the arch lm=~pan+·S7t=90cm+ 57 x20cm=l'0lm
Quantity in 5 nos. archcs-=5 x Im x t x w-5 x l ·0I x ·20 x ·30-0·603 cum

2·11 CALCULATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEPS.

(a) Ordinary Step1 : ·-(i) Fig. 2-18 &how.; the details of step~ having a regular rise

ww
of 15cm and tread of 30cm. All exposed surfaces of the steps shall be 20mm thick
cement plastered with neat cement fini~h. Pn:pare a complete quantity survey to construct

w.E
!>Uch steps.
(ii) If the rise of 1st i.e. bottum step be
25cm with 10cm b~low G.L. and all other

asy particulars being same as in (i); then cal-

culate tht~ quantites of works.

En (iii) If the number of steps be 4 Nos.

1--~oc111-1
SE.CTION ON AB gin
instead of 3 Nos. as in (i) with a regular
rise of 15cm and tread of 3'Jcm then calcu-

- -
or CONCltE.TE eer
late the quantity of brickwork only.

I
_/_ PORTION
SHOWN III DOTTE.0 LINE.
------
- ing
.ne
t
) I
I

' ..,..,
I

A
----
>
"'_,
...z:z
I
I
I
I 30
I Chi
I
30
Cttl
30
cm
t
::; I
Q. I
)
I
I
' I
I -·
------
--
FIG. 2-11
FIG. Z-18A
Ans :-(i) To calculate the quantity of brickwork .
ABCD may be formed by jP,ining BC The . (referring to the fig. %·ISA a trapezium
.. .. · · portion excluded from th t I fi
b .. equal to the addtt1onal portion included. e ac ua gure will

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'ELEMENTS OF BUJLDING ESTIMATE 61

Area of the trapezium ABCD=ll'Um ofparalkl sides xheight

. 2

=·30+·90
2 x ·45=0'27 sq m
Quantity of brickwork=0'27xlength=0·27x2=0·54 cum
Let us now calculate the different quantities in a tabular form.

Item
No.
I Description
I
!No. r Lm B.
m I H.
m Qu, Total Explanatory notes
- - -- - ------- __,_ -
1. Earthwork in excavation 2·2 ·90 ·IO ·198 ·198 ·90=I·00-·J0 De-

ww
cu l}1 duction of ·10 for
2. Concrete work in trench excavation
foundation 2·2 l 02 ·10 "224 '224 has been made

3. Brickw1lrk ·
w.E 1 2·0 ('30x·90) •45 '450
cum although it might
·540 be filled up after

I
2 cum foundation work
4. 20mm thick plastering

Rises asy
'
I of verandah wall.

.
frcads
(including plinth rise)
...
4 2·0
En
2·0
· 15 1·20

1·so
Sides ... 2
3
2·0 gin
('30+·90)
·30

2'40
-2--
eer 5"40

ing
sqm
I

(ii) Dimensions and quantities for all items are same as in (i) except that the depth
of earthwork will be 10cm more and the portion of brickwork below G.L. (i.e. the irre~pec- .ne
tive portion of brickwork for regular rise) is to be calculated separately.
(l) Total quantity of earthwork =2·2 x •9ox ·20
(2) Brickwork below G.L. ,2·ox •9ox·10
=<J96 cu m
='180
t
Brickwork above G.L, =same as in item <3) =·540
Totar={r72Ocu m

(iii) Quantity of brickwork•2 x ( ·30+21·20) x ·60=·90 cum

Note :-In general the quantity of brickwork can also be calculatrd in different
ways viz, by finding the quantity of work for individual step and 1hen adding them all
together or by finding the quantity required for the middle steps and multiplying the same
by the number of steps. The latter procedure holds good only when the steps are of cdd
number. But for even number of step~, mean volume for the middle two steps is to be
calculated first and then multiplied by the length of step (each of the steps having the same
length). Avoiding such complications as well as for ~hort calculation, the trapezoidal
method should be followed which holds good for any number of steps having an uniform
rise.

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62 - ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(b) Steps runnln& In two dlrectiom :-(i) Fig 2-19 shows the plan and section for
steps running two ways. All exposed sides of the steps is to be 20mm thick cement plas-
tered. Prepare a complete estimate for the quantity of works.
(ii) If the rise of 1st i.e. bottom step be 25cm with 10cm below ground level all
other particulars being same as in (i), th:n calculate the quantity of brickwork only.'

~, ii·--_,. ----~
!O
CIN
30 30
Cffl cm
- d)1&
PLINTH LEVl:.l
"'
1oc111{. ·:.;::::::;;:::;;:;~::;!

wwl
e! I
l!
t_
..socm..-i
SECTION ON A&

l_ _______________ _jl !~~- (i~-t~idth of earthwork after de-

w.E I•
2111
2· 2m
!!:Ml <~
.-f ·
,
ducting \he portion excavated during
trench cutting for verandah wall

Jteml
aIsy L. B.
= I ·OO-,KS0- ·20)= ·85m
I H. I
I
No. Description
- -----. --- -- - -
No. m
El ng
Ill
i m I Qu. /Total Explanatory note.s

1. Earthwork in cxcava-
lion for two sides ... 2 (2 2+ 1 35) ·85
ine ·10 '302 ·302
cum
l·35=lnner to
inner length=-

eri
2
2·2-·85
2. Concrete work for
IWO sides. ... 2 (2·2+ 1·2)
,!
1 00 ·10 ·340
ng
·340
cum
1·2=in to in
=2·2-1 ·00
3. Brickwork for two
sides. ... ,,,.. (·30+ ·90) ·45 .ne
4. 20mm thick cement
plaster for two sid1.'s
0+1·11
·-· -2 --- . - -·-i-- . '837 ·837
cum
t·t =in to in
-2·0C-3x·30
t
lRises (including plinth 2 x 4 (2+ 1· 1)
l 1----y -- ·- · 15 1·86

. I --
Tl'caa:; , .. 12 x4 -~f1~:~)___ ·30 2·79

Side endr,; .. I 2 I ('30+'90) I - ·45 •54

--~-~
- I 2
The portion ot ~rickwork below G.L. (or the srrespecttv~ poruon of bri~kwork
(iii)
for regular ris~ of 1st. step 1s to be calculated ~eparately. The poruon above O.L. 1s same
57'9 sq m .
~~ru .
Brickwork below G.L. for both sides=2{2~t·l)x·90X·fC~ 279
Brickwork above G.L. for both sides=Same as in (i) -·837
Totat-1·116 cum

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......, ... nu:.iii1.> ur DU1LLJ1NU b~T!MATE 63

(CJ ~tept ba'fiDI three W&JS : - Fig. 2-20

shows the plan and sections for steps having
three ways. All exposed sides of the steps shall
be 20 mm thick cement plastered. Prepare a
>tll complete estimate for the quantity of works.
N. B. Projection of concret~ below steps in
~SOCftlo.l sec. on AB= 15cm.
5E.CTION ON AB

ww...
- w.E I&
..i
>
A ...
II.I

...
::i: ....16 ..... ,.. 2"1

%
:::i
~ alsy a.. z. tl1
5E.CTION ON PQ.

E ng FIG 2-20

ine
~1 Description ~ 1~ I:· erIi
Total Explanatory notes

. Earthwork excavauon ...

INo. \
l 2·2 ·90 ·10
ru.
·}98 •f98 ng ---M

.ne
111
cu rn
• Concrete work ... I 2·2 1·00 ·IO ·220 ·220

. Brickwork 1st step

2nd step
3rd step
...
...
...
]
1
l
2·0
1·40
280
·90
'60
'30
·JS
·15
·15
·210
·126
'036
---:ru
cum
1·40=2'0-2x·30
·60=·90-·30
t
• 20mm thick cement plaster
Rises three sides
I
cum
1st step ... 1 3·8 - ·15 ·57 3"8=2·0+2 x ·90
2nd step ... l 26 - · 15 •39 2·6= 1•4+2 X '60
...... -
3rd step 1 1·40 ·15 ·21 1•40=·80+2 X '30
plinth rise
Treads three sides
I ·so - •15 ·12
3·20==2 0+2x ·60
......
--
Is..- step I 3•20 •JO ·96
2nd step 1 2··00 ·30 '60 .
3rd step
. ... 1 ·so ·30 - ·24
- - / 3-0~
sq m
I

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64 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(d) Segmental Steps :- Fig. 2-21 shows the plan and sections for segmental steps
having an unm,rm rise of 15cm and treads of 30cm b::,unded by 2 nos.. wing walls built up
from the same bed level. All exposed surfaces are to be 20mm thick cement plastered.
Prep:ire a complete quantity ~urvcy .

~~ --------------
...L
ISt._111 ~ - - --z.m
~tr,· ·
IOCIII SECTION ON PQ
.a ◄

ww SECTION ON AB
PLINTH LE.VE.L

w
To calculate curved length of ~tcp -
Let , h=chord of half the :.ire
2a =~pan, h=rbc
J;»+~= .E
:. h= , /_l_¥_+_(_·J-O)-•
= l ·04m asy
En
:. Length of arc i.e. the curved
length of step
_8b-2a_8_x 1·04-2·0_ 2• 11 m
3 3
gin
ii
FIG. 2-ll
L. B. eHe., r I Explanatory
Dc~cription

'J. Earthwork 111 excavation .•.

/No. ,
1
m

3•00
I m m Qu.
ingTotal notes

Deduction for trench

portion ... 1 3·oo
1·00

·10
·10 '30

·IO ·03 (ve) .ne

Portion exclu-
ded=portion
included to forrr.
2.
Concrete work in
faundation

Brickwork in foundation
... 1 3·00 1·00
'27cu m a rectrangle.
· 10 ·30 ·30cu m 3•0=2•0+2 X ·4C
+2x ·10
t
3. For steps ... 1 .::11 no+·9o) •45 "570
2 2.
For wing walls ... ·90 '60 · 432
4. 20mm thick plasteri:1g
'40
- 1·002
Steps and plinth rises ... 4 cum
Treads 3 ... 2·11
2·11
-·30 ·15 l 27
0

Wing walls-Tops 2 ... ·90

- 1"9l
Fronts
·40 - ·12
2
Both sides ::: ~X2
·40 - .60 ·48
Less portion covered by
·90 - "60 '216
Step section 2 ... ('30+·90) - •45 ·54 (ve)
i 2 5-99
sqm

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 65

2-12. Calcalation of Brickwork for tnlcal Baures and findin1 Flo.or Areas:-
(1) Bulldina witb a Seml-clrcalar portion :-Fig. 2-22 shows the plan and section
of wall for a proposed library building. Estimate the following items ( l) First class brick
w0rk in lime mortar (1 :4) for walls in foundation and plinth, ( 2) First class brickwork
in cement mortar ( l :6) in superstructure and (3) 15cm thick lime concrete flooring.

-.fli~~
R.C.C.
T
LIMTEL+l 5'311

ww Ill
1t·111

w.E ~
asy
LIIRAR.V ROOM IHDIRG ROOM
D

En
gin
D= 1·2mx2·1m
W 1 =l·0mx 1·,m
PLAN
eer SECTION OF WALL
tENLARGED)
W 8 =I·2mx 1·Sm
W s = 2·om x l Sm
FIG. 2-22
ing
(A) By centn HDe metbod :-To calculate the centre line lcngth~:-
.ne
Readlng room :-An investigation into the figure reveals that the outer edge of 20cm wall
of I ibrary room joins at the springing p.>inl of the curve.
Rise=6·7m-(4m+20cm)=2·5m and this ishalfofsp:rn 5m.
·

. • The curved portion is semi-circular with an inner radius of 2'5m

t
Mean radius, rm=2·5m+ 10cm=2·6m
Centre line for curved portion=iTrm.,.n x 2·6=8·17m.
Centre line for the remaining continuative walls=.2(6·7m-2 5m+ 1Ccm)=8·6m
Back==Sm t-20cm-S·2m
Library room : -
Centre line for short side-4m+2<Jcm=4·2m.
Long sides==2(S·Sm+20cm)- l l ·4m
••. Total length of centre line=8·17m+8·6m+5'2m +4·2m+ 11·4m=37·57m
Note th-It tht number of Joint, is two as mark.d by star marks whtrt deduction of
ctntrt lln• by half ~ldth of brick layer shall be necessary for brickwork,. .
9

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66 ESTIMATING, COSflNG AND SPECIFICATION

ii Description

1. Brickwork in lime mortar

(l :4) in foundat1<lll & plinth
37· 17 ·40 ·20 2·97
(a) I st layer -4(km
37·27 ·30 ·90 10'(16 37·17=37·57-·40/2
(b) 2nd luyrr 3lkm
71uT 37·37=37·57-2 X
·30/2
I cum
I
ww
2. Bdckwork in cement mortar
(I :6) in sup..:r,t ra..:'.tm:
I 3i'37 ·20 3·3 24'65
37•37=37•57-2 X

w.E ·20 2· 1 1·01 (-ve) ·20/2

Deduction for doors. D 2 1· 2

Windows, WI 7 l ·o ·20 1·5 l 2·10 ,,

asy
W2
21 1'2 ·20 ]·5 0·12 .
,, Wa I !
En
I
I
2·0 ·20 1'5
__
0'60 ,.
.,
lintel I 137· .H
, gin
·20 ·15 1·12 , _
19· 11
cum

eer
I
3. 15cm thick Ume concrete l
floorioi I

(a) For library room 1 3·9 3·9 15'21

ing 3·9=4·0-2 x ·OS
(i.e. offset in floor)
tb) For reading room
I
ll XrrX
e;r 9·43 .ne
(i) Circular p->rtion

(ii) Rectangular portion 4·15 4·9 - ·34 :o

44·98
4· 15 =6·7-2·5-·05t
sq m
(B) By long and short wall method -
Centre to ccntrc lengths of walls :--
Reading room:-Curved portion semi-circuklr (as explained before) =1rr-1r x 2·6m-=8•l 7m
Continuative to semicircular as Long walls=6·7m-2·5m+0·10m=4'3m
Back as short wall=5m+·2om=S·2om
Li~rary room:-
Long sides as long-short wall=YSm+·20m=5·70m
Short wall =4·0m+·2om-4·20m
Note rhat the long waifs of library room join with the fong wall of the reading room
a, pre,io"1ly tonddered (marked by ata,s). So thue wall, of librar1 room are a,tually
c,,nsld,red a, long-short wall,.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 67

,r
No.
Description

(1 ) irickwork In lime mortar

INo.,
L.
m
\
B.
m
\
H.
m \ Qu.
I Total
I
Explanatory notes

(1:41 for walls in foundation

and plinth

(a) Reading room-

I
Semicircular portion-
1st layer 40cm ... I 8·17 ·40 ·20 0·65
2nd layer 30cm ... l s· 11 ·30 ·90 2·21

Long wall~-
1st !aver 40cm ... 2 4 50 ·40
I
·20' 0·72 4"50=4• 30+ 1 X "4/2
2nd layer 30cm ... 2 4·45 •JO ·90 2·40 4·45=4·30+ I'< ·J0/2

ww Short wall-
I st layer 40cm ...
... l 4·80 ·40 ·20 0·38 4·so-s·20-2 x40/2
w.E
2nd layer 30cm
(b) Library room--
Long as long-short walls
I 4·90 •30 ·90 I ·32 4·90-s·2c-2 x ·Jo/2

1st layer 40cm

2nd fayer 30cm asy
...
...
2 5·70
2 5·10
·40
·30
·20
·90
0 ·9)
J•08
/ 5·70=5·7o+·v- •vl

Short wall-
1st layer 40cm ... l E- n -- ·40 ·20 0 ·30
I

gin
3·80 3·&0=4·2c-2 x •40/2
2nd layer 30cm ... I 3·90 ·30 ·IJO 1·06 3•90-4"20-2 X "30/2
- - u ·o3

(2) Brickwork in cement mortar

(1:6) in superstructure e en m

eri
(a) Reading room-
Semicircular nortion ... ng
.ne
l 8·17 3·3 5·39 4"40=4·30+·2012
Long walls ... 2 4·40
·20
3-3 S·SI
Short walls ... I 5·00
•2()
• 2.0 3·3 3·30
S·O0=S·20-2 x ·20/2

(b) Library room-

Long as long-short walls
Short wall ... 2 s·10
1 4·00
·20
·20
3·3 1·s2
3,3 2"64
4•00=4•20-2 X
t
·20/2
Deduction for doors, D
-do- windows w, 2 1·2 ·20 2· 1 1·01 (-ve)
-do- -do• 7 1·0 ·20 1·s 2·10 ( " >
W9 37·37 is the total
•do- -do- w,
2 1·2 ·20 I ·S 0·12 ( ,, ) length of wall from
1 2·0
-do- Lintel ... ·20 J •5 0·62 ( " )

- -- ..
item (2)
1 37·37 t·S J-12 (__)_
-- - ·20
19· l l
I cum
(3) 15cm thick cement concrete
Ooorl111 ... as in me thod (A)= 44"98
sami' sq m

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68 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(2) Portion of a Bulldln1 with Seplent of a Circle :-Estimate the following

quantities of work from the fig. 2-23 (l) First class brickwork in lime mortar for walls in
foundation and plinth, (21 First class brickwork in cement mortar (1:4) in superstructure,
(3) 10cm thick lime concrete flooring as sub-base.
(A) By eentre llne Wz
method:- ·-- --=-·.--=-,c.:i-- - - ,
To calculate the length
of mean arc : -
Rise upto the centre
e
of the wall, w1 "'
h= 1·5+·15= 1·6Sm ""
.·. b= Ja·2 + h 1
= J(2"5)' +11·651»
ww = 3·oom
Length of mean arc
Cl.

3
=6·33m
w.E
-~'!_-=2a =~ ~ 3-=~
3

length of centre
line/or asy W, PLAN
Curved front =(6·33 + 2x :15) =6·63m
En FIG 2-23 D=l·:J.mx2· lm
Rectangular n,om= ~l("5+ ·30)+ (4·50+ ·30)1= 20·2_0 m
Total=26·83m
gin W 1 =l ·Om>< 2· 1m
W.,,- =2·0m x l·Sm
S - =]•Om>< t·5m
The numbar of junctlon1 =,2 I.e. at the placu wher, the cu,vedfro, t join~ with the rectan-
l!ular room eer I

1
!~.l:n::.::.:D::::-es::.c:-r;-ip--;ti~o-n_ _ _ I ing
.ne
~
11
N_o_. _/ .....:.::;:.._·___:.,I.:...!:..:..·_I,\- ~ -
_J __ Qu I Total l_E_x_p_I_a_n__
at_o_r_y_n_o_t_es_
1. Brickwork in lime morlar
for walls in foundation &
plinth
1st layer 50cm ...
2nd layer 40cm ...
1
l
26·33
26·43
·so
·40
·20
·90
2·63
9•51
26·33=26"83-2x
·50/2
26"43=26·83-2 X
·40/2
t
12·14
cum
2. Brickwork In cement mortar
(I :6) in superstructure ... 26"53 ·Jo 3·50 27"86
Dedactfom for--
Door D ... 1 1·20 ·30 2"10 0·76 -ve)
Windows W 1 ••• 2 1·00 •33 2·10 I· 26 ,,
Windows W 2 •••
Shelve S ...
3 2·00 ·30 1 ·so 2·10 ,,
1 1·00 ·JO 1·so 0•45 I ,,
Lintel 1 26 53 ·Jo 0·15 l · 19
3. 10cm thick lime concret~··
21·so
flooring as sub-base
Segmental portion ...
Rectangular room...
Ix
t
4"90x 1·40 (apx.) 4·S7
4'90 4·40 21 "56
.. I
cu m
Area of a segment of
a circle-2/3rd span
x rise (approx.)
26 13 sq m

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 69

(Bl By Iona and short wall method :-
Ctntre to centre ltngthJ of wall& :-

Curved front as short wall-6·33m (same as worked out by method A) +2x ·15=6·63
Rectangular room, back and front as long wall =5·0+·30 -s·30m
Sides as short wall-4·So+·30 -4·80m

Item/
1'0,
Description /No. [ ;· I ! I :· IQu. ITotal I Explanatory notes
J. Brickwork in line mortar
for walls in foundation

ww
Curved front as short
1st layer 50 cm ... 1 6· 13 ·so ·20 0'61 6· t 3-6·63-2 ,c

w.E
2nd layer 40 cm

Rectangular room-
... l 6·23 ·40 "90 2·24 "50/2
6·23=6·63-2 X
'40/2
(a) Back and front as long
1st 'layer 50 c111
2nd layer 40 cm
...
... asy 2
2
s·so
s·10
5·0
4'0
·20
"90
1·16
4·10
5'80=5·30+2 X
"50/2

(b) Sides as short En

I st layer 50 cm
2nd layer 40 cm
...
...
2
2
4·30
4·40
--·-- --- gin
S·O
4·0
·20
·90
-- --
0'86
3·17

2. Brlckwor k in cement eer 12· 14

cum

ing
mortar in superstructure 6·33=6·63-2 X
6·33 ·30 3·50 6"65 '30/2
Curved front as short I
Rectangular room-
Back and front as long 2 5·60 ·30 3'50 l 1'76 .ne
5·60=5·30+ 2 X

,
Sides as short

Deductions for
Door D
...

... I
2

1·20
4·50 "30

·30
3"50 9·45

2·10 0·16 (-ve)

"30/2

t
Windows W 1 ... 2 1·00 '30 2·10 1"26 (,,)
-do- W 1
Shelves S
...... 3
I
2·00
1·00
"30
"30
1"60
1·50
2·10
0·45
I,,)
(,,)
26·53 is the
summation of
Lintel ... I 26·53 "30 0·!5 1· 19 I,,)
21·so
walls from item(2)

cum

3. 10em tbiek Hme eoncrete

noortaa as sub-base
......
Segmental portion 2 X4"90 X 1'"40 (apx) 4·57 See method (A)
--- -
Rectangular portion I
I
-4•90 4·40 21·56
- 26"13
sq m

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70 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(3) Portion of a room with sides of Polygon :-Estimate the foJlowing quantities
from the Fig. 2-24 (l) First class brickwork in lime mortar (l :4) for walls in foundation
and plinth, (2) First cla~s brickwork in cement mortar (l :6) in superstructure, (3) 10 cm
thick cement i;oncrctc flooring as !>Ub·base, ( 4) 2 cm thick patent stone flooring.

50
Cl

ww s
!O

w.E
asy
En .l
,oc
+
PLAN gin t
r-7'-.,,.,r:trr""::I

j- 70(111 +f

eer
SECTION OF
MAIN WALL
SECTION OF
VERANDAH WAU
(ENLARGED)
ing (ENLARGED)
FIG. l-2.a
(A) By center line method : To calculate the ce,jtre lirre tor main walJ :- .ne
Polygonal room :--P,)lygonal frnnt (appx.)=2 Jp ·o5)~+(l ·3S)' + I ·S=5·76m
()·6s-1·s+·;.0 ; I·35=I·2+· 1l),
t
C,)ntinuative p.>rtions=2(6·0-l ·2+· 15)
Back =4·5+·30
Rectangular room :-Front and back =2(5·0+ ·JO)
=I0·60m
Right hand sidc=4·5+·30 ==4·80m
Left hand (rest)= (l · S+•sl-·•\o) =1·45m
-Total-l1·jlm -
Numh,r of June lions = 2(pla ce~ where tl1 •
t' I · · ·
rec angu ar 100m Joms with the polygonal room)
1.:
Back and Front Verandahs tsame dim..:nsions) :-Long sides-2[?+·15-•IS)= 4•om
Short sides=2[(1 ·S+·t5-· 15)-3·0rn

Not, · Th b >/ · T vtal • 7·0m

· e num 11 0 Junctlon,-4(2 for each verandah where this joins with the main wans.>

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 71

----
:,,ml
No-I
Description

-LBtickwork in lime ·mortar

/No./ m
L.
I:· I H.
m I Qu. \Total IExpl~natory notes

(1:4) for walls in founda• ~6•81 =37·31-2 X

tion. and plinth "50/2
(a) Main walls- 36'91 =37·31-2 X
l st footing 5()cm \ 36·8I ·SO ·20 3 68
·40/2
2nd footing 40cm l 36·91 ·40 1· 10 16·24
(b) Veran~ah walls-
·30 1•10
30cm wide 1 6·20
-2·0'i
- 21·97
Cllm
2. Brickwork in EUpentructure
in cement mortar () :6J 37 01 =37'31-2 X

ww
(a) Main walls
(b) Verandah walls (not
37•01 ·30 3·60 40'02 ·30/2

6"40-7·0--4

w.E
consid~ring the op-:n- X
ing~ at first) 1 6·.:o ·20 3 00 3·84 ·30/2
Deduct100 for-
Door opt:nings D 4 1·10 ·30 2·10 2·77 (-vc)
Wmdow openings W 1
-do- asy
-do- W 2
3
5
1·so
1·00
1·00
·30
·30
1-50
l ·50
1·~0
2:03 ( ,, )
2-25
0'60 ( " )

En
Shelves 2 •20
Li.itel I 37·06 ·30 ·I5 l ·67 (( ,," ))
Verandah openings with
lintel, b:ick & frnnL
Lon~ opening~ 2 l'iO
) •30 gin
·20 2·55
2"55
1·71
t·33
( ,. ) J·7Cl=2·00-·30
2"55=2·40 +·15
Shon openings 2 ·20

eer ( ,. )
31°48
cum
3. 10cm thick cement concrete
flooring ing
(a) Polygonal rcom-
Front ponion
Back portion
~x (4·.:0 x I ·50)X
I 4-75 4"40
I· JS 3•39
20·90 .ne
4'40=4·5-2 x ·05
l"l5=l·20-·os

(a) Rectangular room

1b) Back & Front
l 4·90 4"40 21·56 4-90-s·o-2 x ·as t
l'iO 1·20 4·08 1·70=2-·30
Verandahs 2
49,93
sq m
4. 2cm thick patent stone
flooring
(a) Polygonal room- 1•20 3·60
Front portion lx (4"50+ I ·SO) X
21'60
Back portion 1 4"80 4·sn 22·50
(b) Rectangular room 1 s·oo 4•50
(c) Back & Front Area of pillars
Verandahs 2·00 1•50 6·00
(d) Door sills ... 2
2 1·00 ·30
O•fiO
--r54·3o
neglected as in-
significant.
sqm

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72 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(B) LODI and short wall method :-Centre to centre distance.

Polygonal room: Front portion (appx)-2 J(l"65)i+(l".5) 1 +l·S=5·76m
Continuative lefL side as long wall =(6"0..:._l ·2+ ·15)-4·95m
Right bide including portion of rectangular room as long wall
=(6 o-1·2+•Jo+1·s)-·20=6·40ni
Hack as short wa11=4·5+ ·30=4·80m

Rectangular room: Right side a!> long wall==4·S+·30=4·80m

Back & front as short wall=S·0+·30-5·30m
Verandah: (Both verandahs having the same dimensions)
Front as long ~hort wall=2·o+·IS-·15=2·00m
Side as short wall=l·S+·J 5- ·15-=l ·Sm

ww
Note that the end of the verandah front wall which joir,i with the main wall is to
he considered as short end and so named as Jong-short wall.

Item
No.
w
··-----------·.E
Description I "·1
No. L.
m Im H.
m

- - ------ - i - - - - - - - - - - - -
Qu. Total Explanatory notes.

asy
1. Brickwork In lime mortar
for walls in foundation
and plinth
En
Polygonal room : -
Front portion gin
1st footing 50cm
2nd footing 40cm
Left side as long wall
1
l
eer
5·76 ·50
S·76 ·40
·20
1•10
o·ss
2•53
l st footing 50cm
2nd footing 40cm
I
1 ing
s·20 ·so
5· IS •40
·20
1·10
0·52
2·21
5'20=4·95+· 6i
5·15=4·95+·•t
Right side long wall
1st footing SOcm
2nd footing 40cm
I
1
6·6S ·so
6"60 ·40 .ne·20
1·10
0"61

t
2·90
Back as short wall
1st faoting 50cm 1 4·30 ·so ·20 0·43
2nd footing 30cm l 4"40 "40 l · IO 1•94
R1ctang11lar room :--
Right side as long wall
1st footing 50cm I 5"30 ·so ·20 0·53
2nd footing 40cm 1 s·20 ·40 I· 10 2·29
Back and front as short
1st footing 50cm
2nd footing 40cm
2
2
4·80 ·so
4'90 ·40
·20 0'96 4·so-s· Jo-2 x · •,,?
1· 10 4·31
Verandahs (both)
Front as long-short wall 2 1·95 ·30 1·10 29
Side as short wall 2 1·15 "30 1·10 ~: 76 +·
I ·95 =2·00 1,0 -· •,O
- - 21•97 l·IS=l·SO-·.•_o-·'j
cum

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 73

Item
No.
I Description INo.1 ~ I! I :· I Qu. J Total I Explanatory note,
2. Brickwerk la cement
mortar (1:6) for super-
structure
Polygonal Room-
Front Portion ... l 5'76 ·30 3"60 6"22
Left side as long wall 1 5·H, ·30 3"60 5·51 5·10=4"95+·~• ~
Right side as long wall 1 6"60 '30 3'60 7· I 3
Back as short wall ... 1 4•50 ·30 3·60 4"86
Rtctangular room-
Right side as long wall 1 s·10 ·30 3·60 5·50
Back and front as short 2 s·oo '30 3·60 1o·so

ww
Verandahs (bot!,)-
Considering solid at first
Fronts as long walls 2 1·95 ·20 3·00 2•34 1·95 =2·00+ ·10-· I 5

w.E
Sides as short walls
Deduction
2 l '25 •20 3"60 I ·SO
For openings and lintel. .. Sam e as in method (A)= 12·30 (-ve)_
10·2s= 1·so-·10-· 1s

3. 10cm thick cement

concrete flooring asy 31 '48
Sam !!as wo rked in (A) = 49·93 49 93
cum
sq m

En
4. Zcm thick patent
stone flooring
gin
Same as w ,1rked i u(A) = 54·30 54•30 5Q m

eer
To Calculate the length of centre line for the polygonal front portioa correctly :-
I ·2
Referring the fig. 2-24, tan 8=--=tan 38°40" :. 8-38°40,..
J ·5 ing
:.angle ip=l80°-38°40" -90°=51°20''
(·: cd is perpendicular on cc') .ne
From the triangle abc, bc=·30m :. ab-·30xtan 51°20=·14m
and half of this is the length of centre line which passc5.
within this triangle=·07m and there are four such places
at the two corners of the p3lygonal portion of the room.
t
Similarly it can be calculated that a,.b,. =·30 x
tan 3s• 4o"=·IOm; half of this is the Jenght of centre line
2
that passes within this triangte=·0Sm and there are ~our
such portions at the other two corners.
: .Correct length of centre line for the polygonal front portion
=l·S+ J(I·2) 1 +(1'5) 1 +4 x '07+4x ·05=3·90m
:.Dilference between the correct and approximate method5 (calculated before)
=3·90-3·76=·14m
In thi1 case such arno1I ,a,iatitJn may b, neglected for 1peetlp calculation on1 proctfrol
Purpo11s. .iut in the ca,e of thicker 1ection of a waU as well as/or higher rate, the
corr,,t length ahoflld be pr,ferred,
10

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74 ESTIMATING, COSTLNG AND SPECIFICATION

EXERCISES II
I. Give scp.iratcly the unit~ of mea~urem~nt, unit,;; of rate and methods of measure-
ment of the f-->ll()wing item, ac;:>rding to the recommcndltions of the Indian Standard
Institute :
(i) ReinLirced cement cJncrete (excluding reinforcement and shuttering) ;
(ii) Prec1st rcinf>rced cement c:.ncretc blocks ; (iii) Cutting holes through exist-
ing brici<w.H;c; (iv) Exp:insion joint~ in concrete; (v) Damp proof course; (vi)
R. C. chafri ; (vu) A~b~~t:1, cement sheet r0o~ng ; (viii) Steel rolling shutters ;
(ix) Flu,h timb~r d lor; (x) Broken gla'i'> c.Jping. Ans.-article 2-5.
2. State the method of deduction for the following items according to the recommen-
datiom, of the I. S. I.
(a) Earthwork in filling for different types of works, (b) Openings for brick-
work in walls including opening, like ventilators, joists etc .. (c) Volume occupied by
reinforcement in R. C. C. work and also volume occupied by water pipes, conduits

ww
etc., {d) Openings for plastering on walls, (e) Openings in metal wire netting and
(f) Honeycomb opening, in honeycomb brickwork.

w.E
Ans.-See ittml 2. 3, 13, 57. 55 and 6 of the article 2-5.
3. (i) According to the recommendations of I. S. 1. state the multiplynig factors for-
(a) Painting the different types of doors and windaws: (b) Gates, grilles, grantings.
etc. ; (c) Roof battens.
asy
(ii) For colour wa~hing how will you take measurements for corrugation of-

En
(a) corrugated steel ~hects, (b) A. C. sheets, and (c) semi corrugated A. C. sheets.
An,.--See item, 61 and 59 of th• article 2-5

gin
4. Calculate from the fig. 2-26 the qu·.tntity of brickwork in the retaining wall.

- - - - - - - 2 ·2 m -------1 eer
-- --·--- T
..,s ing
1 ... .ne
I(\
-
+-
E
co
...,

i
~
0
t
..L
!..
..,zo' "'
C.ltt ~
dl~
!....
E
40Cl!I

i-~°i,;-i-,,

~
-40
tm
.. 451 Ill•
,--so CII+
>-f.O
........
,11,-.
j ~ LU.U, C.ONC:I\Ut
"'
Ill
~ t ~ocm--f
FIG. l-26 SECTION ON B-B
A■1.-(l'he rtlPtctlv, ltngth, of 50cm to 20cm footings are 3·40, 3·35, 3'30, 3,40 and 3·50
metres: Quantity= 1·98 cN m.

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ELEMENTS OF BUILDING ESTIMATE 75

5. Prepare detailed estimates of the quantities of the following items for a hou~e sketched
in the fig. 2-27. An abstract of cost is also to be prepared at the rates given against each.
(i) Earthwork in excavation for foundation @ Rs. 250% cu m.
(ii) Cement concrete in foundation @ Rs. 325 per cu m.
(iii) Masonry in four.dation and plinth@ Rs. 200 per cu m.
(iv) Maso11ry in superstructure@ Rs. 210 per cum.
(N. B. The quantity of work for the step may be excluded. Section
of dwarf wall is same to that of main wall)

w-1·2m x 1·5m

ww ROOM
•
D=l·2mx2·1m
Ht. of verandah opening=2·5m
Lintel over doors, windows and verandah

w.E
JJffllC4'611

15 cm thick and 15 cm bearing

0 flOO~ (i) 21·31 cum; (ii) 7·13 cum;

ROOM asy
6,L,
90C
i;Y!1
45tlll
~.,_
(iii) 12·27 cum ; (iv) 25"97 cu m.

En
111111.;).
i
u,u to• -
SECTION 0~
WAlL
gin
PLAN
FIG. 2-27 eer
ing
6. Fig. 2-28 shows the plan and section for birckwork of a retaining wall ; calculate
the volume of work for payment.
.ne
(Hints : Divide the section
into three parts (1) at bot-
tom most part a triangle
~

t
60Ctl\,,_.

with sides of 30cm and

1·20m.) (2) at inner edge a
3ffl-<-1~·, '

I
triangle with sides of 60cm
and 2m, (3) a rectangle of
60cm x2·60m sides. Calcu-
late then the individual
areas and multiply them
with their respective len•
gths measured along the C.
G.). Quantity=9•696 cum.
l!_
E

i
~s
T .,.._ra.m-
PLAN SECTION ON AB
FIG. 2·21

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CHAPTER Ill
ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS
3-1 Building-I. Detailed Esthnate of a Single Rottmed B:lildin1 with walll of
Standard Modular Bricks 20cm x 10cm x 10cm (nominal).
Prepare a complete detailed estimate of the cost of construction of the Magazine
shown in the fig. 3-1 on the ba~is of present market rates. From the total amount arrived
at on detailed e,timate find out plinth area rate of the building.
Brickwork shall be 1st. class with cement mortar (1:4). Foundation concrete shall
be of cement with brick ballast (1 :3:6). Wood work for frames shall be of salwood and
shatters of C. P. teak. Other specifications shall be followed as mentioned in the the
drawing.

ww (A) Centre line method :- (B , Long and Short wall method :-

Sum of centre line~=

w.E
2[(4m+ ·JOm)+(3·6m+·30m)] = 16·4111
Centre to centre distance-
Long wall!,=4m+·30m=4'30m
Shon walls=3·6m+·30m= 3·90m

Item
No,
I Description asy ~- i Qu. /Total Explanatory note

1. Eartbwerk in excavation En -
I

(a) Fl>Hndation trenches gin

(A) By centre line method--
r BJ By L & S wall method
l 16·4

s·o
·70 ·90
eer
10•33
Long walls

Short wall),
...
... 2
2

3'2
·70
·70
·90

90 ing 5'0=4· 3 + 2 + ·1012

(b) Steps ... I I ·2 ·75 ·10 0·09

-··- 10'42 .ne
3"2=3·9-2 X '70/2

2. Earthwork in filling
(a) F,mndJt1on trenches ... ~th ->f cxca vatinn iapx) =2 08
·60==·so-·20
t
cum ·75=·9-• IS(trench '

lb) F\,r plinth . .. I 3•9 3·5 ·60 8·]9 tL.C. and soling)
- -
11·27
3. Cement concrete r I : 3: 6 \ cum
(a) Foundation t renchcs
(A) By ('fntre line me,Jwd 1 16'4 '70 ·JO 3'44
(B) Bp L. & S wall mtthod
Long walls ... 2 5•0 ·70 "30
Not that the total
Short wall, ... 2 3·2 ·10 ·30 J-,gth ii 1ame by
any method
(b) Steps 1 1·2 ·90 ·13
- -rn cum
0·ll

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~STIMATB OF BUILDINGS 77
... , '. : ,,.,..-~-- ~ . ~

l'OCffl ""• t.lUE TtRU,CltiG (t:1a)

eRICK WORK IN CEMENT MOR.'T>.R

~ :4) WITH e.OTH SIDE.$ CE.Mf.NT
E PlASTER ( 1 : 6 ) - - - - - - - - 4
;,.

ww L
12mm. nt.1. 'PLA.SttR
!J: 2)
:l'IClll.11,P. C.
-~5111111. ARTIFICIA._~ STONf.
,------.;;.-

w .Ea
10 C Ill \..C. OVER IIRICk FLAT SOLING
!>RICK WORK IN CEMENT MORTAR (1:4)

syE
0

·ee.MENT tONCRl:.TE ~ ;~1 -~~.

J-70tlll+j SECTION
,,
ON A-A
ng J- 7oc~ ·

ini e
~
8Q ,,. .......
oE
e-ri
S-., :;o
4 cm 5'61t1
I
30
cm
ng
a:
\!)
....
::I .ne
l1,0
~"
t
E
t
30 30 ~ i --:
1---

rm ('II Cffl

I
~/
-Cl
/

I
l
Q

...........
z: l
~
II
i,
=-=--=---
--
......
oE
·-· - --·

PLAN
(ICM.I.• C:MI/.)
FIG. 3-1

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78 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

11e11.I
No.
Description INo. / L.
m
B.
l11
i
l
i ~- I Qu. J Total I
Explanatory note,

4. \Brickwork ia cement mortar

(I :4) in foundation & plinth
,(a) Walh---
"40 1·40
I
(A) By re11t rt line met hod-- 16·4 9'14
(B) Hy L & S wa.'/ method-
Long wall~ 2 4·7 ·40 1·40
Short walls 2 3·S •40 1'40
(b) Step, I 1·2 ·60 ·oo 0 43 ·60=J("90+·30)
(av.) 9•57
cum
5, 1Brickwork In superstructure

ww 1(a) Walh-
j(A) By cmtre line mtthod-
'. , /JJ By L & S wall mtthod-
16"4 · 30 3·J 15 25 4·6=4· 30+2 X ' 3l
3·6=3·90-2 X '\''
i
\th) w.E
Long walh
Short w,dls
Parapet-
2
2
4·6
3"6
·.~O
·30

·20
3'l
3·1 No deduction for
insC"rtion of hmc

asy
2 4"60 ·30 0 55
i Long Short
side~ (out to out)
,idc~ (in to in) 2 JHO ·20 . 3(; 0 46
terracing to mini-
I misc the extra co, t
i
of curving of
ten -
Deduction for-·
Door opening En 1·2 ·30 / .1 0 7h
acing at Junction.

gin
I
I
J·8 ·30 30cm bearing.
R. C. lm1cl · I 5 -0·08
i deduction for vent
I N1)
I ·- 15-42
cu m holt:s
6. l2·Scm thick D.P.C. (1:2:4)
(A) By centre line method- eer
(B) By L. & S wall method-
Long wall,. 2
16· ➔

4·6
·30

"30
4·92

ing
Short walls 2 3'6 ·30
.ne
Decluctloa for-
Door Sill

7. R.C.C. work exclodin1 rein•

1·2 ·30 0·36 (-vei
--4'56
,.q m
t
forc:ement & sbatterinc
Roof slab 1
Lintel 52 4 '8 1·2 2'95
l l ·8 ·.30 ·05
· 15
8. Shuttering, centerln1
- - 3'04
Roof bottom cum
edges 5•20 4·!W - 24"96
20-?(5·2+4·8)
20·00 ·12 2·40 Bearing of lintel is

.
Lintel (sides)
bottom
2
I
1·s
1·2 ·30
• 15
-1
'54
·36
30cm

.l.8"26 ~ sq m
9. 10cm tbltk (av.) lime
terracla1 4·4 4·0 - l 7'60 17'60
sq m 4·4=4·0+2 X •20
<.:~Q..~ea ring)

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 79

I:· I
I
)leml
No.
Description /No.j L. H. Qu. !Total
I
Explanatory notes
m m I

10. 15cm x 8cm Tent holes 3 3 Nos.

11 1?mm thick cement plaiter

'1 :6)

(a) Jnside-Long sides 2 4•() 3·1 24'80

Short sides 2 3·6 3·1 22·32
"
(bl Outside-
(i) from G.L. to P.L.
4·7 'l'i5 7·99

ww
Long sides 2 4'7=4·0+2('30
Short sides 2 4·3 ·ss 7·31 ·1· '05)
·8s-·so+ ·os (off~ct)

w.E
(ii) from P.L. to above
including pHapcl outer
Long !.ides
Short sides
2
2
I 1·0
4·2
3·4
3•4
31 28
28 ·5(>
3"4=3·1+·30
(iii) Parapet inside-
Long side., asy 2
2 1
4 ·2
3·s
·20 I (,S
1·52
·20=·30-·IO (·JO
Short sides

(vi) Parapet top--· En I

·20 f,H terracing).

Long sides (out to out) 2 4·6

=\Igi ·20 1"84
Short ~ides (in to in)

Deduction for -
2 3·8 ·20
nee
l ·52

Door opening
Step rises
1
1
1·2
1·2
2· 1
·80
2·s2 l-vc)
0·96 r-vc)
rin According to T.S.T.
f,>r both faces deduc-

12. 12mm thlok cement plaster

125 25
sq m Jnly
g.n
tion is for one ~idc

(1:2) for steps-

rise
tn~ads
1
3
1·2
1·2
·80
·30
0·96
I ·08 et
sides

13. 6mm tblck cement plaster

2 ·60
(av.)
-: ·60 !
r---
()·72
2·76
S'-J m
·£0=H·3o+·90)

(t:•)
(a) Ceiling 4·0 3·6 14·.JO

(b) Cornice both faces

Long sides 2x2 5·2 ·30 6"2.J 5·2 out to out
Short sides 2x2 4'2 ·30 5·04 4·2 in to in
(c) Cornice edges
Long sides 2 4•2 ·12 1·25 5•2==4•0+2 X ·30
Short sides 2 4'8 ·12 I·IS
I ms- sq•

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80 ESTIMATING, COS11NG AND SPECIFICATION

Item 1
No.,
Description /!· I :· j Qu. \rotal I Explanatory notes

14. White washing three coats same as item lno. 11+1l=153·3 153•3
sq m

15. 10cm thick lime concrete

(1 i:2:7) tlonrovcr brick
flat soling 39 3·5 13 65 13'65
sq m
16. 2·5cm arti6clal stone
(l:2:4) tlooring 4·0 3·6 14·40 14·40
sq m

ww
17. Sal wood work in door
frame (i•6 ·10 ·w ·0528 ·0528
Cll m
6·6=2(2·) +1 ·2)

thick
w.E
18. Batttned doer 25mm

19. Steel &rated door

J•,)7

1·2
1·97 2 ·108 2·103
sq m
} ·07= l •2-2 X '80
+2 X '015 (for
rebates ;

asy
2·1 2•52 2·s2
sq m
Wt. of } cu m of
20. M.S. for R.C.C. work {<!I

En
11% vol.
·030
of itcm(7)
cu m(,y 78·5 2·36 quin.
M.S. bar=78·5
quintal
21. MS. clamps 50mm x
6mm a1id 40cm long 2 >: 3 gin 6 6 Nos.
22. Painting to wood work
Door and its frame 24 2·1 eer
ing
5"67 5'67 Multiplying factor
sq m as per l S.l. =2l
23. Painting to steel door 2·1 5·67 5'67

24. Coal tarrin1 two coats

sq m
.ne
in h<1ck of frames

25. 75mm dla. Rahawater

·lo '66 '66
sq m
6·6 as in item ( 17)
t
\•p~ots 1·0 I rm1·0
ABHRACT OF ESTIMATED COST OF BUILDING I

SI.
No. I Description
I Qu. j Unit /Rate
Rs. P.
I u~:
Rate
1 Amount
Rs. P.
I. Earthwork in excavatioa 10'42 cu m 300·00 %cu m
2. Earthwork in filling 31 i 26
11•27 cu m 250'00 %cu m 28 18
3. Cement concrete (I :3:6) in foundation
with brick ballast
l
4. Brickwork (1:4) in foundation & plinth
3•35 cu m
9-57 ~u m 23S·oo
262·00
I cu m
cu m
2248
877 70
; 95
S. Brickwork ( I :4) in superstructure
I
15'42 cum 240·00 cum 3700 80
Total C.O ... 6,886·89

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS at

uem
NO, \
Description Qu. I I
Unit
Rs. P Rate
1
Rate \ lJof t \ Amount
Rs. P.

B.F. 6886 89
4'56 sq m 9 20 sq m 4l 95
6. 2·5 cm thick damp proof course (1:2:4)
7. R.C.C. work t l :2:4) cxcludin& reinforce- 3'04 cum 375 cum 1140 00
ment and shuttering
S!. Shuttering and centering 28·26 sq m 14"00 sq m 395 64
9. 10 cm thick (av.I lime terracing (::2:7J 17·60 sq m 32·00 sq m 563 20
10. 15 cm x 8 cm vent holes 3 Nos. 1·25 Each 3 75
I 1. 12 mm thick cement plaster (1:6) 125·22 ,sq m s·2s sq m 657 40
12. 12 £ thick cement plaster (1:2) 2 76 sq m 8·10 sq m 22 30
I 3. 6 '
ww thick cement plaster ( I :4)
14: White washing three coats
21!·08 sq
153·30 sq
m
m
4"60 sq m
0·75 sq m
129
114
16
97

w.E
15. 10 cm thick lime concrete (1½:2:7) floor
ver a brick fl.at soling ... 13·6S sq m 36'00 sq m 491 40

asy
16. 2'5 cm thick artificial stone flooring
(l:2:4) finished with neat cement 14'40 sq m 21·00 sqm 302 40
17. Sal wood work for door frame
En 0'0528 cum 3000'00 cum 158 40

18. 25 mm thick C.P. teak wood battened

door gin
2·108 sq m 200·00 sqm 421 60
19. Steel grated door 2·52 sqm
eer 250"00 sq m 630 00

ing
20. Mild steel bar 2"36 quin 550"00 quin 1298 00
21. M.S. clamps (50 x 6, mm 40cm long 6 Nos. 2·00 Each 12 00
22. ainting to steel grated door 2 coats
lwith oil bound paint) .ne
23. Painting to st eel grated door 2 coats
(with red lead paintl
5"67 sq m

2 52 sq m
s·so
1·so·
sq m

sq m
32

19 t
81
65

066 sq m 0 79
24. Coal tarring two coats 1·20 sq m

~2S. 7S mm dia. C.I. rain water spouts 20 rm 20•00 rm 40 00

Total=R~. 13,362·38
Add 5% for contingency==Rs. 66&·11
Add 2)% for W C.=Rs. 334·05
Gr.ind Total-Rs. 14,364·54
-Plinth arca=4·70x4·30-20"21 sq m
14364·$4 '
.·. Plir,ath area rate- 2i.>'lt •Rs. 710·76/sq m

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82 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

BalldlD1-2. Detailed Eadmate of a two Roomed BulNfaa with walls of T........

Brlcls 25 cm x u·s cm x7·s cm (replaciq 10• xs• x3" u adopted la pracdce by P.W.D.)
aoml•I aad eemparlaon or cost.
Prepare a detailed estimate of a building from the given plan and ..cross section as
shown in the fig. 3-2. Adopt t~e local P.W.D. current schedule of rates and·compare the
cost of difl'erent portions as grouped below on percentage basis.
Geaeral Spedftcadoas-
(a) Foundation and plinth :-First class brickwork in cement mortar (1:4) over lime
concrete (18:36: 100).
(b) Sup1r1tructur1 wa/11 :-First class brickwork in cement mortar (1:6) over 2·s

ww
cm thick D.P.C. (1:2:4) and parapet. walls shall be of cement mortar (1:4).
(c) Roofin1 :-The roof shall be IO cm thick R.C.C. slab with stone chips 4h:4)
w.E
and 10 cm (av.) lime terracing (2:2:7). The R.C. slabs and beam shall be 1% reinforced.
(d} Ali R.C.C. work, 1xc1pt roofing shall be 0·8% reinforced.

asy
(,) Flooring :-Shall be 25 mm thick artificial stone with cement concrete 1:2:4) .
with stone chips finished with neat cement finishing at top. Under flooring shall be 7•5 cm

En
thick lime concrete (1¼:2:7) terracing over a brick flat soling.
(n Fi■ilhlng :-Outside walls upto plinth including plinth offset shall be 20 mm

gin
thick cement plaster finished smooth with neat cement. Inside and outside walls shall be

eer
12mm cement plastered (I :6). R. C. slab and ceiling 6 mm cement plastered (1:4).
Inside walls three coats white washed and outside two coats colour washed over a coat of
white wash.
(g) ing
Door, and windows :-Frames shall be of Sal wood, shutters of C.P. teak

.ne
wood 2·5 cm thick panelled type design and shall be paintt:d with two coats over priming
coat. Back of door and window frames shall be painted with two coats of coal tar.
Window grattings shall be 16mm dia. M.S. bar and M.S. clams for frames 50mm x 6mm
flat 40 cm long. Iron works shall be painted two coats.
t
Centrell• ■ethod :- I.one and Short wall medlod :-
Culculotlon of c1ntr, lin, Centre to centre diatanct of
For outer wall
Back and front walls of rooms and veran-
-2[00·25-·So) +(6·46-·50) -31 ·44m
dah front as Jong= 10·25-·S0-9·7Sm
Fornt wall of rooms-
Partition and sides of rooms as short
==(I0· 2S-·50) ==9·75 m
Partition wall- =3·6+·375=3·975 s~ 3·97m
Verandah side as short
=(3·6 +·375) =3·975m
Total=45·165 m =1·62+2x ·~?~
·i
say, 45"16 m =1·995 say 2·00 m
Not• tltol th, number ofJoint, i1 Jou,.

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8STIMATE OF BUILDING§ 83

AV. tO cm. L. c (2: 2 : 7) OVEP..

rocm. R.C.C.SLAB'
12·sc
GHOON
~=====~-- --- . ,..,.Hioc;,:' ~-·iiiilliiEii!iiaiiil'- 30Cm,PROJ.
~ - 37•5 cm '5 ~ 7- .10 cm
ro

t scmrH

□□
[,.__.___i__ □□
.□□
ww P.L
GROUNOLEVEL

w.E
asy
En o =- 1·2 m l(i·1m.
FR.AME=

gin
,4•sm 37•
10 cm ,c 7·5 cm.
W = l'lfflJC 1'5 m.

I
I
I
I
I WEB eer cm
I
FRAME=
10cm JC&Cm.

I
I
C o f 20Cffll(ISCII
1/ft-,C,C. ing
Wj

I r eE1'M E
.ne
2Lo
I I
I ~-

~
w -
I
I
°'!n, c.mD
-c::!1::i~CJI \9.
w
t

I·a•.+• nr
t
.F'IG~ 3-2

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84 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

i1I Description INo. L.

m
B.
m
H.
m
Qu. Total!
Bxplautory
notes

1. Earthwo1k In escautlon
(aJ For foundation trenches 43·32•4S·l6-4x·t,•
(.4) By cent,~ Une method 1 43 ·32 ·92 ·75 29·89 Note that total
(B) .By Long & Short wall length is 43·32 m
method by any method
Back and front of rooms &
verandah front as long
walls ... 3 10·67 ·92 •75
10·61-9·1s+ 2 ><·\•
Partition and side of
rooms short ... 3 3•05 ·92 ·75 x•y
ww
3·0S-=3·97-2
Verandah sides, short ... 2 1-0~ •92 ·75
1·os -2·00-2 x·•.,•
T.L. 43 32 ---=9T ~ 29·89
,b) Step& ... 1 2·68 ·61 ·08

w.E · 13 2"68-2 '46-•J?j

30·02 +2x·07S
cum
J. Earthwork In fUJlag-

(b) Plinth of rooms asy

(aJ Foundation trenches ...
...
1
I
2
th of e xcavat ion (ap x.) -=
4•37 3 47 ·45
6·00

En
13·65
., ,. verandah, ... 1 9'25 1•49 ·4S 6"20 4'31-4•5-2 X '062~
is·ss (01rsets)

gin cum

3. Lime concrete la foaDda-

don. eer
(a) For trenches-
,.4) By centre tine method
(B) By Long cl Short w•ll
1 43·32 ·92 ·30 11·96 ing
method
Back and fro:it of rooms & .ne
verandah front as long
walls
Partition and sides of
rooms short
...
...
3
3
10"67

3 05
·92 ·30 t
Verandah sides, short ... 2 1'08
'92
·92
·30
7.[• 43~). ----
.;u
"'JJ.
·30
• 11·96 -

..
(b) Steps ... I 2·os '83 ·os -·14
- 1Fto
cum
... lit clau brickwork ( I :4) Ill
~oaDdatlon and plinth
(,1) .By ce,ur, 1ine method
62 5 cm layer ... 1 43·,: '625 ·15
43·91 •45',16-4x
50 cm layer ... 1 44·16 ·50 •90
4'12 65/2 (offset) 44·16
19·87 _._ =45'16-4x·SOJ2
·-- - -- 2.1·9-9

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BSftMATB OF BUILDINGS
building 2 continued

1~1
No. Description !No.
L.
m :;1:·1 Qu. /Total Explanatory notes

By long and ,hort wall method--

Back and front of rooms &

Verandah front as long w~lls
62·5 cm layer 3 !0·38 '62S ·ts 2·92 10'38=9•75+2 X
50 cm layer 3 10·2s ·so ·90 13·84 "625/2
Partition and sides of rooms
as Short walls 62·5 cm layer 3 3·34 ·625 ·\ s ·94 3·34=3·97-2 X

ww SO cm layer
Verandah sides, short wall
62'5 cm layer ...
3

2
3·47 ·so '90 4°68
1·37 ·62S 15 • 26
"625/2

w.E
50 cm layer ...
...
2 l•SO ·so ·90

·so
1•35
23·99
.50== 1/2(·25+·75)
(b) Steps
asy 1 2'06
(av)
·4S
-·46- 24"45
cum
5. bt. c.... brickwork ( 1:6) in En
superstructure wall
(.4) By centre line method. gin
1 44"41 ·375 3"6 59·96 44•41-45'16-4 X
·375/2
(B) By lon6 and short wall
method- eer
Back and front of rooms &
Verandh front as long walls 3 10·12 ·375 3'6 ing
10' 12-9'75+2 X
·375/2
Partition and sides of rooms
as short walls
Verandah sides as short walls
3
2
3·60 ·37S 3·6
l '63 ·37S 3·6 .ne
L·63=2'00-2 X

t
·375/2
fr. 44•42 '3 I:, 3·6 59·96 .

Dehctloo for-
Verandah.openings front 6'26 (-ve)
.. .
3 2'06 ·37S 2·7
,. ., 1 2·08 ·375 1·1 2·11
••
Door openings,
sides
D ... 2 1·62 ·375
1·2 ·37S
2·1
2·1
3'28 ...'
Window openings
R.C. Lintel (Band)
w ...
...
3
8 1·1 375
4S·02 ·375
t ·5
2"84
4·95 .
l ·,15
- 2·53
" 4S·02-=44·42+2x· 30
.n·99 44•42 is the
,. 12·5 cm dd.ck Brletwork
t 1:4) Parapet back an
cum total length of supe rt
· wall. ·30 is the
lapping of Verandall
front outer to outer - 2 10'13 -- ·60 12·16
lintel for bearing at
~rapet sides (in to in) - 2 6io9 •6(' 7·31
l!J1• 47 a separate level on
sq m walls at each end.

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86 ~STIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description
L.
/No./ m I:· I H.
m I Qu. Total Explanatory notes

7, l·S cm tblck D,P.C. (1:2:4) 1 44·41 ·37S - 16·65 ' For L & S wall
method take :the
DeductiODS for- total length
Door siUs ... 3 1·2 '3'15 - 1·35 (-ve)
Verandab opendings fronts 3 2·06 •375 - 2•32
",.
., 1 2·08 ·37S - ·78
.," " sides 2 1·62 ·375 - - J "22
"
" 10:9g
sqm

ww _ _ . (1:2:4)
excluding reinforcement
and shu ttering

w.E ...
(a) For lintel (band) 1 45•02 ·375 •] 5 2·53 I

asy
(b) Co rnice back & front
(out to out)
2 10·73 ·30 ·os ·52 10·73=10·2S

"
Sides (in to in) 2
En
6·35 ·30
(av.)
- ·OS
-
·30
3•35
-· 125(offset)
+2x·30

(c) Roofing, slab ... 1 10·13 gin

Web of beams ... 2 4·20
6·35
·ts
-
·10
·20
eer 6'43
·25 4·2-3·6+2 x·30
. 6"68 10•03 30 cm bearing in

,. ... ing
cum wail at each side

luHrcllupsfor
centering & shuttering .ne
(a) For lintel

(b)Co rnice back & front ...

Sides
...

...
2 45•02
2 10·73
2 6·35
-
·30
·30
·15 13·51

-- 6·4-4
t
back & front ... 2 45·02
-
3·81
·06 5•40
,. back & front ... 2 10•73 -3·6 ·06 1·29
(c) Roofing, slab ... 2 4·5 - 32·40
Sides ofbeams ... 2x2 4·20
- ·20 3·36
............t
-- 66"21
11. , .Dclud~ - sqm
g cutting, booking,
ID
I
bending and binding
o·s %vol. of(a)+ (b)
and l%vol , of (c) from (8)
c:: (~3•35 I X6'6
100 -+ 100 s'3 x1 sso wt.oflcum

-
35kg. 7·3S of
.qu.
M •.S.. bar
:;= 78 SO kg•.

. . ,, ,.,

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 87
building 2 continued

lted
No.
Description_ -1 No.I L.
m
B.
m I
H. Qu.
m
Totall Explanatory notes

11. 10 cm aT. tlaick DIie terraclna 10'00=2 X 4·S+3

including rounding edges 1 lO'OO 6·22 - 62·20 62"20 37S-2x½x ·12S X
sqm

Door frames with

0 ut sill. 2 verts+ I
u. Sal woodw•k for-
... S·40 ·07S ·121 5 hor. S·40=2 x2·1
(a> Door frames 3 ·IO +1·2 Window
... lfirames 2 verts and
b) Window frames 8 6·30 ·IO
-
·06 '.·3024

ww I
f

I
-.4-2...,..3!1- 3 hors.
cum

(a) Doors
w.E
13. 25 mm thick door aad window
19h11tten of C P. teak wood
... ... 3 1'08 - 6·58
·OS=l·2-2 x ·o 75
-

(b) Windows .. .
asy
... 8 t ·01
2·03

.l ·38 - 12·1 4
(frame)
+2x·Ol5-(rebates)
18"72 2·o3-2· 1-·01s

En sq m +·815-·0l
( bottom opening)

u. Mild 1teelworlc for - gin

(a) Window gratings
16 mm dia bars ... 8x9 1·50 @I·58kglm= 170'6'1 eer
(b) Clamps 50 x 6 mm fiat
40 cm long end bifurcated
For Doors ... 3x6 - ing
... 8Y4 - 18nOS
- -
.ne
..,.....
Windows 32nOS - -
1S. 10 mm tbkk cement plutedn1
(1:4) lablled UIOOtll with cem- @ 2·kg each=
50n
100
OS

-- 270·64
kg.
t
(a)Plinth wall from 15 cm
below G. L. including offsets -2·71
Back and front ... I quintal
Sides ... 2 10·2s - ·81 16·6 1 ·s 1=•60+·15+
2 6"47 - ·il 10·48 ·0623
(b) Steps,
Treads ... 3 2·08 ·2S -·75 1·56
...
Sides 2 ·so - •75 Rises of steps has

........
Dellaotlea fol •ff•t of
...
(av.)

1 14·36,. '06 - ·86

,-
been considered in
p linth.
(-v e) Verandah offset
- 2·854 ?as been included
sqm 10 ftc Jf finish.

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

: · I Qu. I
ii Description

16. 12 mm thick ceme1t plai-

Total Explanatory notes

ter (1:6) OD wall,

(a) lnside-(i) Rooms,
Long sides ... 2 x 2 3·6 64"80 I

Short sides . .. 2 x 2 3·6 51 ·84 \

I
!I
(ii) Verandah -
Room side upto verandah I
I
2·70 27·35

ww opening ·· · 10·13 ;10·13= 10·2s-·12s

Room side above 1 (oft'set)
,1penings l 9·38 ·90 1 8•44

opening
w.E
Verandah front above
Verandah sides above
openings
.. . 1 9·38

1·62
·90

·90
8"44

2·92

asy
2

(iii) Pillars ... 5x4 ·375 ·375 - 2"81

Top portion of openings
FrorJt 3 2'06 En ·375 - 2•32 .jFor both faces dc-
1duct one side as
Front
Sides
1 2·08
2 1"62
gin
•375
•375
I
-
-
7"8
1·22 !' per I.SJ. Deduc-
tion for other win-

Decl11etion for openings

-I eer dow openings bas
been considered on
2•1~ 7·56 ('-Ve) the outside plas-
Doors (both faces) IX 3 l '20
161·04
sq m ing
tering as width of
revea Is is lesser
(b) Outalde-
Back only
Sides of rooms
\
2
10· 13
4·35
-
-
3·6 36'47
3·6 31·32
I
on that side.
.ne
Verandah front
.. sides
l
2
10·13
2·00
-
- I
·9
•9
9·12
3·6o t
. Parapet outside--
Back and front 2 10· 13 ·60 12·16
Sides 2 6'35 '61) 7·62
Inside- I
Back and front 2 9·88 ·60 1 11 '86 9•ss-10·2s-2
Sides ·· · 2 6·01 X '0625-2 X '125
Top , back & front ···
·60 1·21
2 10·03 .125 - 2·51
Top sides·
Dellacdoll for window ··•
openings
··· 2 6"01
6 1·20
·125
2'10
- 1•50
I
- 15·12 -ve
.....25
aq m sqm
r-29 -
-------
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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 89
Building 2 continued

Item•\' Description
No.
17. '6mm ahlck cement plaster
(1:4) to R. C. C. work
Roof ceiling, Rooms 2 4-5 3·6 32·40
Verandah 1 9· 38 1"62 15 "20
Cornice b~th faces inclu-
ding edge- f0·73= 10·2s-·12s
Back and front out to out 2x2 10·73 (offset)+2 x ·Jo
sid~s (in to in) 2x2 6·34

18. 7 Scm thltk lime concrete

ww
[lJ-:2-7) ffooring over a
layer of brick tlat
Rooms 2 4·47 3-47 30•33 l4·37=4·s-·12s

w.E
Verandah

19. 25mm thick artificial stone

l 9·25 l ·49 13·63
-143-96 . sq m
\ (otl\ct)

asy
I
( l:2:4) flooring I
finished with neat cement i
Rooms; 2 4·5 36 32·40 I
Vt•randah
Deduction far pill a rs
I
5
En
9·25
•375
206
·375
J9·60i
--1-·
·701--vc

20. Whitewashing three coats gin

,amc a, insid-:: pl.i,t eJ16(a 161 ·04:
i 50·76
i sq m

eer
+ r,)of ceiling & vi:r. item l 7 47·(,0:

21. Two coats colour wash I ing

over a coat of whitewa!ib ;amc as out ,ide
16(h)
+cor nice itt m 17
plaster\
\108·25
1 J5•07
1

1
.ne
22. Palotiog to wood works
two coats
(a) Doors (panelled) 3 x 2 l ·2
=

2·1
---·- isTJi

11·01
1 Acco_rdi~g to I.S.r.
mult1plymg factor
sq m is 2 times area of
opening for both
t
tb)Windows ,, 8x2 l·J l ·5 29·70 faces.
--46"71
23. Coal taniog two coats
to buck of sq m
(a) poor frames .. . 3 5"40 ·10 l '62
(b) Windows ., .. . 8 5·20 ·10 4'16
- - - -According to I.S.I.
24. Paiatlo1 to iron worb I 5·78 measurement is
Window grantings 8 I •Js t0·82 I sq. m for one flat over
110
82 all area excluding
25. 7 5cm. dla. C. I. rain water / sq m frames and no
Spouts painting complete 4 •90 3·6 I
3.6 deduction for
metre open spaces.
12
----
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90 FSTIMATING, COSTING AND Si>£CIFICATIO~

ABSTRACT OF E~TIMATED COST OF BUILDING Z
- -· .
-r- j ()u. I Unit i Rate !unit or! Amount
s1.1
No.
De,aiptio 11
! I IR<;. P. R;11c /Rs. p

]. Earthwork in excavation~:~- fo:;~;dation

tn.:1H.:h1:s 111 anv kind ol ~oil 1ndud111g
·-1-·
trim111v. the ,1d~ of trcnd1r,, Lv , l1111g. I
dn·~~ir'1g. and ramming. 1h.: b<1tio111 and
bailing out n,Hnnl ,cepagc of water, ra111
waler elc. tkplh of cxcavati,in lhl l exc.:cd-
ing. I ~ mete,~ and w11lwut ,!wring. 30·02 cum 320•00 ''l.,C LI Jn 96'06

,, Eanli\\,irk III lillin'.,' in founda 11<111 tr.:nchc,

ww
or pl1111h 1ncl11dm~ ~.1t.:ri11µ. a :,d ran111111~g 111
15 cm la y,·r-, 1.:1c. w11h canh ,ibta111ctl trom
CXC ,l\' ,1[1011.
26L"OO ~{cum 6 7· 21

w.E
Li ml· cH1crL·k wll Ii ~fl)nc lime. -,u rk i and
o\'cr h11rnt hnl."k h:illaq i.e . .lhama nidal
(ll-,:1(,:IOOJ111foundat1on . 12-10 cum 19000 cum 2,299·0D

.... asy
l~l. cla-,, hrickw<lrk in cement llillrlar( 1:4)
111 f.i undatwn a11d plllltl\
En 24·4'.- eu m 28()·(.() cu 111 6JM6·00

5. ht. cla~!'. brickwork in 1xml'lll 111tll·iar ( I : Ii)

111 ~up: 1~tru1.:lllrL· . ~round flonr.
gin 37-99 I
cu m \ 2so·oo cu 111 9,497 so

(,. 12 5 cm thick hricl-worl- in ccm.:nt m0itar

( 1:--IJ 111 lir,t floor. eer
l ()·4 7 <. q m
i
33 00 sq m

7. 2·:i \.':n thick D.1mp-proof cour!'.t: \\-1th !> tone ing

.:hip, ( I :2:4) with approved cem e nt watn-
propf111g. co111pound. }0·98 sq m D·00 sq m
.ne 142·74

8. Cc111.·11t c1>ncrctc ( I :2:4) with g,r:.itkd ;,tone

chip, (20 mm down) excluding !'.huttcnng
and rcinf.irccmcnt 111 ground flol'l". ~ 10·03 cum 410 cum 4,112·30
t
9. Hire and labour charges for providmg ;,tout
pn1p~. centering and shuttering (upto 4 m
~1aging) w11h hard wood at least 2·5 cm
thick. 66·21 sq m 16•00 sq m 1,059 36
10. Mihl_ skd reinforcement including cutting,
h1Hlk111g. bend1 ng and binding ,\ ith 16
gauge black anneale wire as per drawino
upto and i11 cluding ground flo0r roof. =- 7·35 Qu. 600 quin. 4 4IO·OO
Total ~ 29,172"68

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ESTlMATE OF BUILDINGS

Unn l
~I. , Description I Qu. j Unit ! Rate \ of ; Amount
-~- L__- - - - - - - - - - - - .l~F.-j - · - ,Rs. P. Rate: R,. i'
2Y,tl.!.h1
i I. J() cm average thick lime terracing with ~la- II
ked lim·~ (2:2:7) laid to pr,ipt>r ~h>pc, thor<1-
ughly heatcn and cured, including top lini~h- l
ing and rounding edg.cs. 6:?:2 1J ' -·'-1 m 37·00 Sl\ Ill 2,101 ·4(1

J2. Sal wood work in door and window frames

fitted and fixed complete. 0'424 C .l lll 12700•00 CU Ill
I

25 mm thick C. P. TcaJ...woud panel shutter,-

l
ww
(with 12mm thick pant:!) of doors and win-
dow, a, per design induding fittmg and fixmg
t hc ~amc 1n pu,iuon. 18"72 ,q 111
I
l
I 52·00 sq 111

!,1.
w.E
M.S. round bar window !1.ratin•!, and clamps
·Jilted and Jixed in p,1.,1l1<JT1. - 2·71 Qun
I
530·00 j ()un. !

l 5.
asy
20 mm thick cement plaster ( 1:4) with cement
punning ( 19111111 pla,!1..'r and I mm punning)

a~ d1rcckd <1t gr1,und floor.

En
including n~undmg 11fr nr cl1amt\:ri11g. corner-..
28'54 s,1 m 11 ·oo ~q 111

lh.
duding rounJ111g ufl or chamfrnng corner~ gin
I.! 111111 tlm:J... cement pla~ter (I :6) to wall in-

a~ di reeled and roug!Je11ing of concrete, su r-

f.tcc 1nclud111g thr,iuting., no-.ing and drip
t:,>t1 rsc when: 11cc~-~~ary at gro11nd floor. eer 6•75 S(J Ill l, 1C 7·7tl

17 ·
6 111111 thick cement plaster ( I :4) to R.C.C
ing
.ne
work including roughening of concrete, sur-
fat·c round111g off or d1amfcring cornt•r-. a,
directed and throuting, no,mg etc. where

18.
n..:ces~a ry at ground floor.

7·Scm thick terraced flooring of lime conc-

rete with stone lime, surki arJd brick ballast
t
ri c . jlnma chip,) 'IJ :2:7) over a fayer of
brick flat soling of picked over burnt brick
and filling joints with local sand. 43•96 sq Ill
22·00 sq 111 967· 12

19. 25mm thick grey artificial stone floor with

cement concrete ( I :2:4) with graded stone
chips including 6mm thick skinning and
smooth finishing at top made up with cement
and rounding off corners, in ground floor. 23·oo sq m
50·76 Sll JU

20. White washing three coats including clean-

ing and smoothening surface (5 parts of
stone lime and 1 part of shell lime) 208 .64 qm 77·00 %sq _m J(,0·(,'-
c. o. 41,8.fi·-3/J-

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92 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

N~:
-,
I'- - - - - - - - - - Descr;p,;on
-- - - - -- ·-
!~ JQu
H.F.
nil I Rate I ~~-it I R,.AmountP.
iR~. P. Rate
----~---1
41,832·56
21. i T'v\'<) c)a\~ colour w1,hi11g with pip:mcnt of
: any ,hadc with a cut of wl11lc w1;h priming
i
i
including cleaning Hild smoothening surface
1

throughly to ouh1d-: ~u1facc at ground i

153·32: ~q m 87'00 \~{~q m'i 133'38
I floor. .
, I
2. j Painting tw,) coat; to woodwork_ with ready
1 mixed h~~t qt1:tlny oil bound palllt of app- 1 I !
1 rnwd makl· and hrand, ind11d1ng ,moothcning ' i !
: ~urf,1cc by sand pJpcr two coals. ••. 46'77 5 lJ m 6·75 I sq m I 315'69

ww
23. \ C'.Jal tar_rin!!- tw,i coats to back of door and
wrnd,iw t rarncs . .. 5-7~ ~q m 1·60 sqm
24. j P,u11ti11g tn ~tcd ,H iron ,urf.tcc two c,)al~

w.E
· with ~Gpcrior quality alluminium paint of
:~pprnv·:c1 ma~e iucbJing ~moothcning sur-1
1.1cc, by ',and pap: r. ••. I 0'8, sqm s·so ~q m 59·51
25. 7 5cm d11 Cl. ra111watcr spouts including -•

w npletc asy
titting and lix111g in position and painting \
... 1 36 m m 86 40

Plinth an:a (including offscb)

En Total= 42,436'7X
=I0·25x<i·47=--Md2 , l1 rn

Plinth Arca Rate=

45,919·56
gin
- -R~. 687'86/~q m
AJd 5% for contingc11cy-2,121 ·84
2!, 0 ;, for W. C. = 1,060·94
Rs·. 45,619· 5b
eer ~
(i()·J 2
Grand Total

Comparatl,e cost of the different portions of building 2 :-

ing
·=C1i-t nf SI. nos. (1)+(21+(3) + 1 4) t--(7) .ne
t
(a) Cost upto plinth
(including D.P.C.) ·=lh 9(,·06+Rs.67'21+ R~. 2299·00+Rs. 6846"00+ R,. 142·74
=22"27% I =Rs. 9,451 ·0I
I.
9.m-01
i Percentage cost• 42 , 43 ,08 x 100=22'27%
-- ---- -- - ---- - -
1
(b) Coat of brickwork , =Cost of SI. nos. (S)+(Ci)=Rs.9497·SO+Rs.642·5L
from plinth to parapet ,
1
= Rs. 10 140·01
=23'90% 10,140·0] .
I Percentage cost..., 42 ,4 36 . 78 x 100=23·89%
I
(c) Cost ofall R.C C.work\ =Cost of SI. nos. (8)+ 9)+(10)+(11)+(25 =Rs. 4,112 30
including roofing ! +Rs. I0S9·J6+R~. 4,4I0·l.-O+Rs. 2,301·40+Rs. 86·.:i0
=2s·:0% I 11969"46
-= Rs. l l ,969·4u
:. Percentage cost= 4 2-136:-78 x 100=28·20%

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 93

(d i Cost of rtoocing =Cost of SI. no~. (18)+ 19)=R~. 967·12+R~. 1,167"4S

=5·03% =R,. 2, 134"46
,.,_114·46
Percentage cost=.,2, 4 36·7i x l0C=5·03'~~
.
-------
(el Cost or doors and =Co~t of SI. nos. 02)+(13)+(14)+(23)=Rs. 1,14..;•xo+
windOW.t= 12·80% R~. 2845"44+Rs. 1,436·30+R~. 9·24=Rs. 5,435 "78
S.4.15"78
Pcrcentage Cll~l~ ;. 2 ,436 . 78 x 100 ■, 12·80%

(f)
ww
Cost of plastering and
finbbiog= 7·~0%
=Cost 0f SI. nos. (15)+(16)+{17)+(20)+(21)+(22)+(24)
=R-;. 313·94+Rs. Ul7·70+R~. 50S·0S+Rs.l60·65
+ Rs. 133·38 + Rs. :,I 5·69+ R•. 51J·51 =· R~. 3 :.05·'J2
w.E 3, 1(15·92 '
: . Percentage co!>t =-..,z4J6;7 8 · x 100-'i'80%

asy
Check :-Total percentagc-22·27+23·90+28·20-1 5·03 -: -12·so+?"t'i0=100

En
gin
Buildi11g-3. Detailed Estimate of a Two Roomed Euildlng (with diffcumt ~ect{on of
walls) and comparison of co5t for different portions.

the Ilg. 3-3. Adopt local P. W. D. rate~. eer

Prepare~ detailed estimate of a building frcm the gi\cn plan and sccticins a~ ~hG\\ll in

General specification :-
ing
Fouadation and Plinth- Brickwork ~hall be 1st. da~~ in clmcflt m<1rta1 (I :4) over
cement concrete l :3.6 and brick flat soltng
.ne
Damp proor coarse--D.P.C. ~hall be 2·~cm thick of cement concrete ( I :7 :4) with
water proofing Cl'mpound ~hall be used under superstructure walls and aho under pillar~
and front verandah openings.
t
Saperdracture-All brickworks shall be 1st. class in cement mortar (J:6). All RC C.
works shall be with stone chips ( I :2:4). Tht: reinforcement in R .C.C work shall be of 0·8%
Roofing-Roof shall he 8cm thick lime terracing over lC'c:m R.C.C. !.lab (1:2:4)
Floorina-Floor shall be 2·Scm think C.C. (1:2:4) wi1h ~tone ch ipf>. ~u1f, ce fiiwl·.cu
with neat cement finish over 10 cm thick lime concrete.
Doors.and Windows-Frames (M chowkhat~) ~hall be cf ~al weed prov:ding. with
necessary iron clamps. Shutters shall be 40 mm thit:k panelled of lndian teak wood.
Clerestory window shall be of 25 mm thick glazed.
Fi~isblng-Outs:de walls upto plinth an_d inclu~ing plinth oIT~et .ird ~tcp~ d all he :o
tl_lm thick cement plastered (1:4} surface fin1:hed wnh neat ,rn ent. Other in~ictc and cut-
~tde walls shall be 12 mm thick cement plastered (1 :6l. Out~it'c walb ~hall be colour
washed over two coats of white wash and inside wall shall be three coab white washed.
Wood work shall be painted two coats over a coat of priming.

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EST:M.\TINC,. COSTING r\l'~D SPECIFICATION

--·
m

DOORS:-
G.L D=I mx2m
"'I,. D 1 =90 cmx .:.: :;J

ww Z"STHICKC.~C
OVER 10 TII
L. C.
:,
S,
c.."11 ~
WINDOWS.
W=l·lmx I 2•11
W, =20 cmx; :

r w.E
SECTION - ABCD
(. W = 75i.:m X ~:, 11,
840 cm •1 (._Wt :a.- 60i,;m .< 4~,:,
SHELVE:

asy S=l·lmx 1·..i1 ..

En FRAME:
0= 8 cm x IO
n, =
0

gin W=
W1
-do --
=do- =
- -dL)=

eer CW~ 6cmx

CW 1 = - --do
;L

I ing
RO'oM
400 1)(420
I .ne
-1
I
'I t
W~l!I
•Sc."'"
I
l...j
1sc:.m I
CJ'
.
0
0

.
0

FIG. 3-3

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ESflMATE OF BU1LDlNGS

ww
w.E
/
L 10 cm
cm
C0NC,PltO:71!CTID
~
asy
cm
ALL R.OUIJD. 1ocmTMICK•

EnFIG 3-3
gin
rAI L'lng and short wall melhod-
eer
1B1 Centre iine method--
C 1itre tc1 centre distance of-
Rooms- ing
Length of i:c111 re line for ·
Main walls 30 cm
!. 1ck & fr,1:1 l as l•.rn~~ ·= -1+ 3 6 +·:O--t-2 '>< - ~_/' Oula w,tlh of r ,iOlll'>"'"'
.ne
:-, dc~ ac; -.hori =4·2+2 x 1/
"~ S lm

l'1rntio11 (having dilTerent ~ec. ) =4·2+·J0

0
=-=-dm
=-2lt4+·.2o+J•6+ J0i+(4·2+~oi1 ·· 2<)·2om
20 cm walls
Part1t1on of rm1m'>=(4 2+·Ju)
t
-=4 5m
=l5m front and l·uck of huilding, -·
2\(2 X+·20+ 2 :<2·5) + 2 X · 2; ' ... \ 16'40m
0- -
Verandah~--
[ntirc hack and front as long Front verandah s,dc~----
-(2·8+·20+2x2·S)+2x ·~~ 1 =S·2m =2( \ ·8 · _,•i'.:•+·\~)
I rnnt verandah sides as ~hort Back verandah ~.idc'> and w.llh and kitclu:n
a-=: 1·s-· 2;,i+ -s~o = I·85111 front
fl-H;k vern. _sid~~ and kitchen front as short
2·4+••z° +· =2·65m Tolal=32·55m
Note that the mumbtr of joints-7 m,s
with main wall and 1 No. with 20 cm wall

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96 ESTIMATING , COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item
No.
I Description ..:_N_'o_. --~-;·_-:--!_·_~_:_·I.~ Total I Explanatory note,
1. Earthwork In excavation
(a) For foundation trcnche,

( ..4) By Jong & short wall ;

method \
Room<;--- ,
Hack and front as long: 2 l 8 ·90 ·80 ·90 s·9o=s·1 +·iw
Side~ as short •• • I 2 : 3·70 "80 "90 3·70=4·5o-·so
ir:1..:-e: 2s-.w,-----=xo I ·90 18' !4
I
0

ww Par1iti1Jn a'> short

Verandah,-
•· ·\
'
,
l ·. 3·70
I
i
' 60 I ·65
'
:

w.E
Entire back and front. :
long :
I

2 8' 80 '60
I
1 ·65
Front verandah s1tk,. I
•

~hnrl '
Back vcrn. sidt's & i
asy I

2 I
,
1· 15 '60 '65 I ·15= 1·ss-·60/~ ·-
kitchen front as !>hort i 3 : ) ·95
1-·· - - - En '60 ·65
·-;-60 . ;65
·1',0/2
I ·9." = 2·65-·60/2-

gin
I LL .. -...: 2'} ·45 11 "41 ·80/2
l
i
t 8) Bv centre /i,,e mttlwd i I

eer
I

Ot1tcr walls ot ro,lm~ ... : ; 25-2 ·so : -90 18·14

I
I
I
·60 [ ·65 I I ·41

ing
••• I : 29·45
29"45=32'55-7 X
'80/2--'60/2
(b) Steps, front and back .. . 2 2·50 ·55 ·10 •2R
- - 29·83
.ne
·55=2x ·30+·lO
+·30/2-'30

t
I
cum
z. Earthwork lo filling*
(a) F,>r foundation trcnd1c:-,,
b) Plinth lilli11g I
=! I
~th of .:xcava tion (a px. l
=5·97 4· 1 =4·2-2 x ·os
Room bigger ... i 1 I 4· I 3·9 ·JS 5·60 (offsets)
I · 35==-·45-:-· 10(L.C.)
Room smaller ... !I 1 3·5 4· 1 ·35 5•02
Verandah front 8'0 l ·5 ·35 4·20
V crandah b.ick 2·3, ·35 394
Kitchen 1 2·7 , 2•3 1-35 2•17
- - ' · - -1 - -· - - 20•93
cum
I
• Accurately the volume is earthwork in excavation less volume of structure
upto G. L.

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 97
Building 4 continued

; _.-;-\__o_e_sc_r_ip_t_io_n_ _ _ _ _~I_N_o_.-;-'-~-·----:\_!_·_1;--~-·-i--Q_u_.-t\T_ot_a_1 __:I_E_x_p_~a-0~_:_:◊_r_y

3.1 Brick flat IOJIDI
(a) Forfoundation trenches
(A) By long & 1horl wall
method or ctntr,: line
Concrete of 20
method
Rooms-
l 25·20 ·80 - 20·16
cm wall joins
1 30·50 ·60 - US·30
with 50cm
Verandahs 3~ 4b
brick la yer of
\ sq m main wa II.

4.
ww
Cement coucrete 1:3:6 in
foundation-
30·50=3 2·55-
7 x·\.°- .eo ,,
(a) Walls-
(A)
w.E
By long & short wall
method
Rooms-
Back and front as long
Sides as short asy 2
2
1. L
s•90 ·so
3•10 ·so
2s·::io ·so
·15
· 15

En
As the cone.
of partition
1 4·00 ·60 ·IO will joins with
Partition as short
Verandahs-
Entire back and front, gin · JO
50cm brick-
work.
4 00=4·5-·50

eer
Long ... 2 8"80 ·60
2 1'30 ·o0 ·10
Front verandah side~. short
Back verandah, sides & 1·30=1·80-

ing
·6,(l_,e'J.o
kitchen front as short ...
2·10=2 65-
,b,o_.o,()

(B) By ctntre line method

Outer walls of rooms . I ·20 ·so • 1S 3·02
1·83 .ne
t
30·50 ·60 ·10
Verandah & 20 cm walls I
4iis
·10
(b) Steps, back and front 2 2·so ·70
--
l '33
- o· 1s·
cum
5. 1st. class brickwort In
founclatlon ancl plinth with
cement mortar (l:4)
(a) Walls-
(A) By long & ahort wall
method
Rooms-
Back and front as long
1st. footing ... 2 8·60 ·so ·20 1"72
... s·so ·40 •90 6·12

-
2n 2
"
13

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98 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description j !· I ~- I I I
Qu. Total Explanatory
notes.

Sides as short, 1st. footing 2 4·00 .50 ·20 ·so

2nd footing 1. 4·10 ·40 ·90 2·95
Partition as short 4·10=4·50
1st. footing 1 4"10 ·40 -·40
2nd footing 1 4·10 ·30 1st. and 2nd
footing of par-
tition wall
Verandahs- meet with 40cfll
Entire back & front long brick layer

ww 1st footing
2nd footing
2
2
8·60
8·50
•40
·30
·20
·10
I '38
3-57
of main wa·II

w.E
Front vcran. sides short
1st. footing
2nd footmg
2
2
l •45
I ·SO
•40
·30
t·4s-1 ·ss-
2 x '40/2

Back verandah sides & asy 1·50=1·85-

·40/2-·30/2

kitchen front as ~hort

1st. footing 3 En 2"25=2'65-
2 X '40/2
2nd fonting 3
gin ·20
·70
'54
I ·45
20"58
2'30=2·65
-·40/2-' 30/ 2

(B) By ctntre line method-

Outer walls of ro~m~- eer
lst. footing 50 cm

2nd footing 40 cm
1 2s·20 ·so
ing 40 cm and
30cm of vera-
1 25·20 °40 ·90 9'07
.ne
ndah meet
with 40 cm of
Vcran. and 20 cm walls
1st. footing 40 cm 1 30·95 ·40 ·20 2'48
main.

t
2nd footing 30 cm
Ii 31•00 ·30 ·101~ 20·58
30·95=32·55
-7x·40/2
-·40/2
(b) Steps, front and back \ 2 2·30 ·45 ·30 ·62 31·00=32"55'
(av.) ------. 21·20 -7 X •40/2
6. 2·s cm thick D. P 1 C. of cum -·30/2
eemeat concrete (1:l:4)
(B) By Long & Short wall
method
Rooms-
Back and front as long 2 8"40 •30
Sides as short
2 4·20 ·30
T.L. 25'20 ~ 8'40=8'10

---
·30+

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ESTIMATE ·op BUILDINGS 99

Building 3 continued

I I;~ I I l I
I
Explanatory
Item Description /No. , L. H. Qu. Total notes
No. m m

Partitions as short
B.F.
I 4·20 ·20
I 7·56

VenncJab•
Entire back and front,
long 2 8·40 ·20
Front verandah sides,
short 2 1·60 ·20
1·60=1·85
Back verandah sides &
- -
ww
•sO •~ ~
~ ~
kitchen front as short 3 2 40 ·20
·- 6·28 2'40=2·65
T.L 31 '40 ---:W __ .il-·\,°
13"84

w.E
(B) By centre line method-
For main walls 2s·20 •30 7 56

asy
For verandah & 20 w ..dls 1 31·40 ·20 6"28
13·84 31 '40 =31 ·00 +
1 x·os+·o,
Deductions for-
Door ~ills D 4
En 1·00 ·30 t ·20(-v e)

Door ~ilb D 1 2 ·90

gin·20 ·36(-v e)
Back veran. openings

brickwork In
2 2"30 ·20
eer 92(-v e)
·11 · 36
7.
lat class
1uperstrmctore with cement
mortar (l:o) ing
sq m

(a) Walls-
(A) By L. & S. wall method. .ne
Room!--
Back and front as long
Sides as ~hort
2
2
8'40
4·20
·30 3·80
·30 3·80
T.L. 2s·20 ~ - 3'80 28·73
t
Partition as short 1 4·20 ·20 3"80 3·19
Verandahs-
Entire back & front, long 2 8·40 ·20 3'00
Front verandah sides,
short 2 1·60 ·20 3·00
Back verandah sides and
kitchen front as short 3 2•40 ·20 3·00
f.L. 21·20 ----:-ro 3•00 16"32
(B) By centre line method- 4·20 is the
Outer walls of rooms ... 1 2s·20 ·30 3"80 28·73 clear distanc
Partition wall 1 4·20 ·20 3"80 3-19 21·20- 33·55
Verandahs and kitch. wall 1 27"30 ·20 3-~o 16·32 -7x•\O-•:O

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100 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description INO. ILm. IBm. IHm. IQu. ITota1 / Explanatory not

( b) Parapet wall-

Back and front out to out 2 8·30 ·20 "63 2·09 Height of para
pet from th
2 4•40 ·20 ·63 1·ll room height.
Sides inner to inner
4"40=4·2+2 X ·
Projections- (off sets)
2 8"50 ·10 ·IO · 17
Back and front out to out
2 4·80 ·10 · 10 ·JO
Sides in to in I
ww 1nT
I
w.E
Deduction for-
(i) D.:>or opcnmgs D 4 1·00 ·Jo 2·co 2·40

" "
D,
w
asy 2

6
·90

1·10
·20

·30
2 00

1·40
·12
2·11
Window

,,
,,
En
3 ·90 ·20 )·2) "65

gin
W1
"
Clcarstory windows, CW 10 ·75 ·30 ·45 l ·OJ

,.
"
Cw, 2 ·60 ·20
eer
·45 . 11 consider shclv1
depth=20 cm

Shdve openings
Front verandah opening~
2 1·10 ·20 1·40 ·62
ing
Front
Sides ...
... 3
2
2·21. ·20
1·60 ·20
2·so
2·50
3·41
1·60
.ne
Back verandah openings

(ii) Lintel over doors D

2

4
2"30: ·20

1·3 0 "30
2·50

· 15
2•30
1~•5!,1 -(-ve)

•23
15 cm bearing
considered.
t
,, D, 2 1·20 ·20 · 15 ·01
Windows w rooms front 2 l ·40 ·30 ·15 · I3
,, W sides (comd.) 2 3·00 •JO ·15 ·27
wl 3 1·20 ·20 ·ts ·11
Over shelves S 2 1·:m "30 ·15 :12 10 cm bearing
Clearstory window CW 10 •95 ·30 ·10 ·29 considered.
., cw, 2 "80 ·20 ·10 ·03
Front" verandah front 1 8"40 ·30 ·IS ·38 Full bearing on
,, ,, sides 2 1·iso "30 · 15 · 16 pillars.
Back verandah back 1 s·20 ·20 ·is ·16
T-95 34·17 For sides 20 cm
(-ve) cum bearing in end
wall.

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 101

Building 3 continued

I Description
Qu, \Total I Explanatory
notes
~-I
R. c. C. WOik (l:7.:4)
excluding centering and
I
:-.huttering and reinfor
cement
1 8·10 4·50 ·10 3·6S 15 cm bearing
(a) Roof slab above rooms
,. Front verandah 1 8·30 1·9s ·10 1·62 considered.
" ,, Back verandah l 8 30 2'75 ·10 2·2s 1"95=1·80+·1~
" 2·75=2·4+ ·20

ww
(b) Lintel sam e vol.

2 4·70
from

· 15
item
(7ii)
· 15
+·JS

25 cm bearing

w.E
(c) Beams (Web only)
considered.
(<l) Sun shade!. for--
l 9·30 •45 ·06 (av.) 9·30 is outer to
Front verandah front
,. ,. sides
Over windows W (pair)
" w,
asy 2
2
3
] ·80
3·oo
1·20
·45
•45
·4S
"06
·06
·06
outer=8·4+2
x·4S

Centerin& and Sbatterin&

T.L .
En
u·so ·45 ~ ·61 ·-
io· Ji
1·20 same as
lintel.

gin
I. cu m
for R. C. C. works
4·20 4·00 16·80

eer
(a) Roof !>lab over rooms For shuttering
15·12 no bearing and
,. ,, ,, 4·20 3·60 no wall suppor-
"
., ,, front verah . 8·00 1·60 12·80
ing ted area

"
., back verah. s·oo 2•40 12·00

6'72 .ne
t
,, 2·40 2·so
"
(b) Beams web bottom 2 4·20 ·1S 1·62
,, sides 2x2 4·20 ·15 2·52
(c) Lintels over-
Doors, D bottom 1·30 · 15 1·56 I ·OO is the clear
,. ., sides l·CO ·30 1·20
opening.
D 1 bottom 1·20 · 15 ·72
,, ,, sides ·90 ·20 ·36

Windows W room front 2x2 1·40 ·ts ·84

,, ,, bottom 2 1·10 ·30 ·66
,, sides (combined) 2x2 3•00 ·15 1·80
,. ,, bottom 2 1·10 ·30 ·66
c. 0. I 115·38

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description
!No. \ ; I! I!· I Qu. I
Total Explanatory note,

( b) Parapet wall-
2 8·30 ·20 ·63 2·09 Height of para
Back and front out to out
pet from th
2 4·40 ·20 ·63 1·ll roorr: height.
Sides inner to inner
4°40=4"2+2 x · 10
Projections- (off SCLS)
2 8·50 ·10 ·10 · 17
Back and fronl oul to out
2 4·80 ·10 ·10 ·JO I
Sides in to in I
ww 51"71
I
w.E
Dedacdoo for-
(i) D.>or openings D
4 1·00 · JO 2·co 2•40

,. " asy 2
6 1·10
"90 ·20

·30
2 00

1·40 2·77
Window

.
,, W
3 En '65
"
Clcarstory windl)ws, CW 10 gin •45 1·01

"
Cw 1 2 ·45
eer consider shelve
depth=20 cm

Shelve openings
Front verandah openings
2 1-10 ·20 1·40 '62
ing
Front
Sides
3
2
2·27.
}·60
·20
·20
2·50
2·50
3·41
1'60
.ne
Back verandah openings

(ii) Lintel over doors D

2 2·30: ·20

4 I·3o ·30
2·50
~
2·30

•23
-(-ve)
15 cm bearing
considered.
t
,, D1 2 1·20 ·20 ·07
Windows W rooms front 2 1·40 ·30 ·13
,, W !tides (comd.) 2 3·00 '30 ·27
w. 3 I-20 ·20 · 11
IO cm bearing
Over shelves S 2 1•30 ·30 :12
Clearstory window CW 10 ·95 ·JO ·29 considered.
., t; cw I 2 ·so ·20 ·03
Front verandah front 1 8'40 ·JO ·38 Full bearing on
., ,. sides 2 1'80 ·30 ·16 pillars.
Back verandah back l 5'20 ·20 ·16
T-95 34· 17 For sides 20 cm
(-ve) cu m bearing in end
wall.

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 101

Building 3 continued

Jtcm-1 Description
Qu. \Total I Explanatory
notes
J',lo. ------ - - -------- - -

8. R. C. C. work (l :2:4)
excluding centering and
shuttering and reinfor
cement
I 8'10 4•50 ·IO 3·65 15 cm bearing
(a) Roof slab above rooms
1 8"30 1•95 'Io l ·62 considered.
,, ,. Front verandah
2•75 ·IO 2"28 I ·95= l "80+ ·t=-
,, ,, Back verandah 1 8'30
2"75=2·4+·20

ww
(b) Lintel sam e vol.

2 4·70
from

·IS
item
(7ii)
· 1S
1·25
·21 25 cm bearing
+·IS

w.E
(c) Beams (Web only)

(d) Sun shades for-

Front verandah front 1 9·30 •45 '06 (al',)
considered.

9·30 is outer to
,, ,, sid1:s
Over windows W (pair)
,. w,
asy 2
2
1·80
3·oo
·45
'45
'06
'06
·06
outer=8·4+2
x·4S

En
3 l ·20 ·4S 1

T.L. u·so -745 ·06 ~ l '20 same as

lintel.
io-12
9. Ceatertn1 and Shatterin1
for R. C. C. works
gin cu m

(a) Roof

.
slab ova rooms 4·20 4·00
eer 16·80
For shuttering
no bearing and

ing
,, ,, I 4·20 3·60 1s·12
" no wall suppor-
l ·60 12·80 ted area
,, front verah. 8'00
" "
,, ,, back verah. 5·00 2·40 12·00
.ne
"

(b) Beams web bottom

,, "
2
2·40

4·20
2'80

·I 5
6'72

1·62
t
,, ,, sides 2x2 4·20 · 15 2·s2

(c) Lintels over-

Doors, D bottom 4>< 2 I ·30 ·15 1·56
,, ..
sides
D 1 bottom
4
... 12x2
I ·CO
1·20
·30
· 15
1·20
·72
l ·OO is the ckar
opening .
,, sides ... 2 ·90 ·20 ·36
"
Windows wroom front 2x2 1"40 ·ts ·84
,, ,, bottom 2 I ·IO ·30 '66
., sides (combined) 2x2 3•00 · 15 1"80
,. ,, bottom 2 I ·IO '30 ·66
C. 0. I 75·38

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102 ESTIMATING, COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

u~\ J ~- I:· ~1
I

Description Qu. /Total Explanatory

No. !No. notes

B. f. 75·38
Windows. W I sides 3x2 1·20 •15 1·os

,, bottom 3 ·90 ·20 ·54

ClcarstorY windows CW !Ox 2 ·95 IO ]·90

,, bottom 10 ·75 ·20 1·so

ww "
cw 2x2 ·so ·JO ·32

w.E bottom 2 ·60 ·w •24

asy
Shelve opening ~ide!> 2x2 J •30 · 15 "78
Arca of pillcrs.
bottom 1·10 ·20 ·44 left out being
2
"
Front verandah front ... lx2 En 8'40 ·I 5 2•52
small neglect.

bottom lx3 8"40

gin 20 5·04

,, sides 2 x2 1·80
eer
·I5 1·os

Back verandah back

bottom 2
lx2
1·80

5·20
·20

•IS
•72
1·56 ing
b.)ttom 1 5·20 ·20 1·04 .ne
(d) Sun !>hadc!>-- t
Front verandah front 9·30 ·45 4·19
, side~ 2 1"80 ·45 I '62
"
Over windows W (pair) 2 3·00 ·45 2'70

,. w, 3 1·20 •45 1·62 2l·S0=9·30

" +2 X 1·3+2X
Edges of all sun ~hades 1 21·90 ·os 1·10
----- 10·53 7 3'00+ 3 X l '20

sq m

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 103

Building 3 continued
Explanatory
Description notes

- 1teel for 'ill0·8% vol. of item(8)

ban
10. Mlld
R. C. c. work including =10·32 X aio x78 ·s
bending, binding etc. =8·10 8·10
Wt. of mild
quin
steel per cum
=78"5 quintal

8cm thick Lime concrete in Considered th e

11.
roof terracing including roun• I clear SU rfa er
area betwec n

ww
ding edges.
Roof owr rooms
Roof over front verandih
1
1
8·00
8 40
4·40
l ·80
2·60
-
-
-
35-20
15·12

-
21·&4
parapets a'! t he
item includ es
rounding edge.s.

w.E
l 8·40
Roof over back verandah - -
72'16 Tbe inserte d
sq m portion ha s
been accounte d

12. Sal wood work in door & asy as bric!<.wor I(

f0r parapet.
window frames
(a) Doors D ...
...
4
En5·00 ·10 ·OS '1600
Door frames 2
vertsand 1 hor s

"
(b) Windows
.,
D1
w
w,
...
...
2
6
3
4•90
6'10
5·10gin •10
•JO
·IO
·03
-o~
·08
"0784
"0230
·1224 5'00=2 X 2·00
(c) Clearstory Window
CW
cw 1
...
...
lO 2"40 ·06 ee-r- --
05
·os
·0720
·0126
+1·(1 0
Window frame s
2 vcrts and 3
2 2·10 ·06
ing '46~4
cum
hors
6'10=2X 1"4 +

.n
3 X 1· l
CW frames 2
13. 40mm thick panelled Shu-
tters of Indian teak: wood
in door and wind.>w~ with
et
verts and 2
hor s

fittings
(a> Doors D ... 4 "87 - l •95 6'79 •g7 .... t •0Q-2 X
o. ... 2 ·77 - l ·95 3·00
·08 (frame)+2
"
(b) Windows w ... 6 ·97 - I ·22 7·10
x ·015 (ribets)
w. ... 3
•
·77 - l 02 2·36
-- 1·95=2·0-·08
19·25 +·015-·005
sq m (bottom gap)
1'22=1·4-3
14. 15mm thick glazed Shutters x ·08+4
of Indian teak wood x·0lS
of C. W. Shutters
cw ... JO '68 -- '38 2·ss
cw, ... 2 ·53 ·38
-·40-
• 2"98
sq m

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104 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

I!· \~-I
I Explanatory
Item
No. 1
I Description !No.
I L.
m
Q u. Total
I notes

I
IS. 16mm dla-wladow anting l
bars including fitting fixing 6
(a) Windows W ••• 3 x 8
I ·4
1·2
- --
-
67'2
21·6
,. W1 ... x6
Barsare @ lOc 01
(b) Clearstory window~
cw lOx 3 •75 - - 22·5
,;/c verticall y
2x3 ·60 - - 3·6
6nos. in doo
CW 1
fI4·~m l8l "5kp 4nos. in win
I @1'58 I ·82 dow and 2
0 <;>s. clearstory

16.
ww
M . S. clamp 3 7· 5cm long
end bifurcate,j with
window.

w.E
37 x6mm flat iron
(a) For door frames
(b) Window frames
6x6
9x4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36
36
(c) Clearstory windows l2X
asy
2 24
- -- -'J6-
nos.

En
17. 10 cm thick lime concrete
gin-
eer
floor
R0om bigger ... I I 4•10 3•90 1s·29
4•)0=4·2-2 X
.........
I 4·10 3·50 - 14•3;
Room smaller ·05 ( off:;ets )
-
ing
l 7·90 I ·50 1 t ·85
Verandah front
Kitchen I 2·30 2·10 - 6"21
... l 4·90 2·10 - 13"23

.ne
Verandah back
61"63 61·63
sqm.

18. 25 mm thick cement concrete

t
(1:2:4) floor finished smooth
with neat cement
Room bigger ... 1 4·2 4·0 - 16·80
Room sma lier ... I 4·2 3·6 - 1s· 12

--
Verandah front ... 1 8·4 1·8 15·12
Kitchen ... 1 2·4 2-~ 6"72
Verandah back ... 1 s·o 2·6 -- l3·oo
Door sills D ... 4 1·0 ·30 1·20
" "
D1 ... 2 '90 ·20 - ·36
Deduction for pillers 5 ·40 ·20 - ·40 <•ve)
67"92
sq m
I"

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 105

Building 3 continued

Item
No.
Description No.
L.
m
---
B.
m.
H.
m ~ rot,) Explanatory
-
notes
·· -·
- -
19. 10 mm thick cement
plaaterbtg ( l :4) finished
with neat cement
(a) Plinth wall from G. L.-
Back and front ... 2 s·so - ·so s·s ·so=·4s+ ·os
Sides ... 2 9·30 - ·so 9·3 (off set)

(b) Steps back and front

Treads ... 2x2 2·3 - ·30
·30
2"76 Rises of steps
... Zx2 "30+ - ·54
---- has been consi·

ww
Sides
·60 Zl · 10 dercd in plinth
-2- sq m

20.
w.E
12 mm thick cement
plaiter ( I :6)
(a) Inside-

(i) Rooms-
asy
Bigger room, long walls 2 4·2 - 38
- 3·8
31"92
3tr40
"
"
Smaller
",,
short wall
ceiling
room, long walls 2
2
1
En
4·2
4·2 -
4·0 3-8
- 3·8
16·80
31 "92

gin
4"2
27·36
,. short walls 2 3·6 - - 15'l2
,." ceiling 1 4·2 3·6
2·52
Wc:b3 of R." C. beam, 2x2 - ·15
eer
4·2
Jambs, sill s and soffits of
shelves ... 2 s·o ·20 - 2·00 5·0=2(1 ·I+ I ·4)

(ii) Kitchen-
Long walls ...... 2 2'8 - 3·0 16·80
ing
.ne
14 40
Short walls
Ceiling ...
2 2"4 - 3'0
- 6"72
1 2'8 2•4

(iii) Front verandah-

Front of rooms ...
...
1 8'4
s·o
- 3·0
·so
25·20
t
Front above openings
...
I - ·so
4·00 8·0r=8·4- 2 X ·.:?0
Sides above opening~
Ceiling ...
2
I
16
8"4
- -
1·60
1s·12 50=3·0-2·5
I ·8 --
241"88

(iv) Back Verandah-

Back portion of rooms 1 s·oo - 3·00 1s·oo
-- 3•00
Long side above openings 1 S·OO ·so 2·so
Side and kitchen front 2·40 14"40
Ceiling
c.o.
...
...
2
1 S•OO' 2'6 -- 13·00 2·6=2'4+·20
-- -
14
-
286· i8
-

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106 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item/ Description !No./ L.

I B. I
H. Qu. I I Total Explanatory

-
No.

(v)
B. F.
Pillars three !)ides
...
m m m
286'78
notes

·80=·40+2x
Front pillars ... 4 '80 - 2·50 s·co ·20
Back pillar ... I ·80 - 2·50 2·00
Following l.S.I.
for both faces
Deductions for- deduct onesicte.
I·0O - 2·00
., ..
Door opening~,

W111dow openings W
I)
D,
4
2
2
·90
1·10
-
-
2·00
1·40
8·00 (-ve)
3·60
3"08
"
"
Deduction fo
other window
--
....
Clerestory window CW 6• •75 ·45 2 ·02 " openings has
Ends of front verandah 2 ·20 ·50 ·20 been made in

ww Area of pillars ... 5 ·40 ·20 - ·40

- ·-· ?ubide plaster
279·48 mg
sq m "50=3·0-2"5
ti)
parapet
w.E
(b) Outside-
Rooms with outside
l-
4"53=3 s+ ·10
+·ms+'45+·I 0
Side~ of rooms
Front & back of rooms
(above low roof ) asy
... 2
... 2
4"8

8'4 -
4·53

t ·35
43·49

22·68
(projection)
1·35=4·.:,:i(as
(ii) Verandah (as solid first)
Front wrandah front ... 1 En
8·4 - 3'18 26·7I
above) -3·0-
·1c- ·os
Front verandah side,; ...
Back verandah !.1des ...
2
2
l '8
2'6
gin
-·-
-
3 18
3"18
11 ·45
16"54
2'6=2·4+ ·20

eer
(iii) Paraper inside over-
Back and front of room~ 2 8·2 - ·45 7 ·38
Sides of rooms ...
2 4'6 - •45 4·14
8·20=8 ·4 (as

ing
(iv) Para pc r top- abovc)-2 x ·IO
Back & front (out toout 2 8"6
4•4
·30
·30
-- s·16 1
(parapet thick-
nesl>)

.ne
Sides , in to in) .•• 2 2"64
(v) Sun shades both faces- 8·6=8"4+2 X
10 I projections
front verandah front. •• lx2 9·30 •45 - 8"37
,, ., sides
Over windows. W (pair) 2x2
"
,, w,
2x2

...
3 x2
1'80
3·00
I ·20
•45
•45
•45
-
--
3 24
5·40
3"24
·4·4=4 8+2x
·10-·2x·30
t
Dimensions are
same as in item
no (8d)
Deductions for-
Window openings,
. ..
w
w,
4
3
1·1
·90
-- 1·4
) ·2
6·16 (-ve)
3·24 .,
--
Clerestory openings. CW 4 •75 ·45 1·35
., ,. CW 1 2 ·60 ·45 ·54
"
"
Front verandah openings
Front
Sides
...
...
l
2
6·80
1"60
-
-
2 ·50 11·00 . 6·80=8·40-
2·50
- R·OO "
124"15
4X"40

Total inside +outs ide sq m

403·63
= 279"48 +124· 15=
sq m
'

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ESlIMATE OF BUILDINGS 107

=1·
~o.
Description I !· I ~- I I I Qu. Total Explanatory
notes.

11. White wubiag three coats

Inside walls and ceiling... Same as item (19a) = 279·48
sq m
22. Colour wa1hlog two coats
over a coat of whitewash
Outside Same as item (19b) = 124· 15
sq m
23. Painting to wood work two According to
coats over a coat of ! l.S.l mu Itip ly-
priming ing factor for
(a) panelled doors D ... I 4 x 2 2·00
1s·oo\ both faces is 2

ww " "
(b) Panelled windows W
D1 12x2
I
6 x2
2 00

1"40
8·10

20 79 i
times the area
far pane lied
shutter.
,,
w.E ,, W1
(c) Glazed windows CW ... 10 X 1
" ,, cw 1 . •• 2xl
3x2
•75
1·20

·45
·45
7·29 I

3"38
!
Ii

asy
'60 ·54 Accorning to
- - - 1.. 5g--:10· l S.J. multiply-
sq m ing factor rs 1

24. Creosoting or solignum treat

meot at b:.ick of frami.:s En for both faces
of glazed ~hullc
(i. c. chowkhats)
Doors, D 4 gin
5·00 ·to 2·00 5·00=2(1·4+
Doors.
Windows W
Windows W 1
D1 •••
•••
2
6
4·90
5-00
·IO
·10
eer '98
3 00
1·I) middle
piece is not to

ing
•••
3 4 20 ·10 1·26 be considered.
Clerestory windows CW .•• IO 2"40 ·06 1·44 4'2=2t"90+12
,, ,,. CW I ••• 2 2·10 ·06 ·2s _____ _

25. Paiatin1 to iron works two

- 8·9J
sq m
.ne
coats over a
priming
coat of
For window gratings, W ...
WI ...
6
3
·94
·74
1-24
1-04
I 6·99
2·31
t
According to
l.S.1 mcasu n.~•
mcnt is taken
Clerestory window gratings
2•28 for one flat over-
cw ... 10 '65 ·35 .35 '.ill area exclud-
cwt" .. 2 ·so •35
11.93 mg fr~mes anj
one trme for
sq m allover sides.
26. 100 mm dla. C. I. rain water
spoutl with painting 6 ·90 5·4 5-4
rm r m

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108 ESTIMATING, COSTlNG AND SPECIFICATION

ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATED COST OF BUILDING 3

SI.
No
De~cription I I
Qu. Unit I R'iRateP. Umt
of I Amount
Rate Rs. P
I. Earthwork in excavation of foundation trench• l
e~ ,n any kind of soil including triming the I
ww i;ide of trenches, levelling, dressing and ramm-
ing the bottom a:1d bailing out normal seepagi::
!
I

2.
w.E
of water, rain water etc. depth of excavat1?11
not exceeding I ·5 meters anJ without shoring. 29·83 cu m

Earthwork in filling in foundation trenches

%cu mf
I
'

asy
or plinth including watering and ramming in
15 cm layers etc. with earth obtained from

3.
excavation.
En
Sing.le ovcrhurnt brick fht soling including
20·:J3 cu m 260·00 %cu m 54·41

ramming and dressing bed to proper level and

gin
fi llin~ joints including. cushioning as necessary
with local ~and.
Cement concrete ( l:3:6) in foundation with
38·46
eer
sq m 14·00 sq m 538•4-i

ing
4.
overburnt brick ballast (3cm down) 6'18 cu rn
360'00 cum , 2.224 80
5. 1st. Class brickwork in cement mortar (1:4)
in foundation and plinth. 21·20 cum 280·00 .nIe
cum I 5,9)6·Q()

t
I

(i. 2·Scm thick Damp-Proof Course with stone

chips ( I :2:4) with approved water proofing
I
cement compound. 11 · 36 sq m
JJ·oo sq m I 147'6X
7. 1st. class brickwMk in cement mortar ( 1:6)
in superstructure, ground lloor. ••• 34 17 cu m
250·00 cum
I8,542·50
8. Cement concrl!tc ( I :2:4) with graded stone
chips (20mm down) excluding shuttering and
reinforcement in ground floor. . ..
10·32 cum 410·00 cum 4,231 '20
9. Hire and lab~ur charges for providing stout
props, centering and shuttering (upto 4m
staging) with hard wood at ·least 2·5cm
thick.
105·37 ~q m 16·00 sq m 1,685·92
C. 0.
23,456'40

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 109

s,. ,, Description Qu. I

Unit
I
I-R,Rate P.i Rate
of
\ Unit
Amount
No.
Rs. P
B. F. 23,4jo•.iu
JO. Mild steel reinforcement including cutting,
hooking, bendmg and binding with I 6 gauge
black anneale wire at every intersection as
per drawing upto and including ground floor
roof. 8·10 quin 600-00 quin 4,86(1·lltl

I I. 8 cm thick lime terracing with slaked lime

(2:2:7) laid to proper skipe, thoroughly bea•
ten and cured, including top finishing and
rounding edges. 72·16 sq m 32·0() Sl] m 2)09 · )2
12
ww
Sal wood work in door and window frame~
fitted and fixed complete. 0·4684 cum 2700·oo cu m t,264·'1~

13.
w.E
40 mm thick Indian teak wood shutter (with
19 mm thick panel) for doors and windows
as per design ( each pa'lel consisting of single

fixing the same in position.

asy
plank without joint) including fitting and
19"25 sq m 215·00 sq m 4,DX·7i

14.
En
25 mm thick Glazed shutter of windows
with Indian teak wood as per design ( with
pla;n glas-. of 7·4 kg sq m) including fitt-
ing and fixing in pJsition.
gin
2'98 tQ m IIB·OO s4 m 351 ·64
15. M. S. round bar gratin1?:s of window fitted
and fixed in holes of window frame complete. l '82 quin
eer 530·00 quin 964'(10

16. M . S. clamp for fixing door and window

frames 37·51.:m long end bifurcated and ing
fixing in walls with cement concrete (1:2:4)
with 37 x 6 mm flat. 96 nos. 2'50 Each
.ne 240·00
17. 10 cm thick terraced flooring of lime concrete
with overburnt brick ballast (2"5 cm) surki
and stone lime (7:2:1{) 61 63 sq m
t
18. 25 mm thick grey artificial stone floor with
cement concrete (I :2:4) with 6 mm thick
skinning and smooth finishing at top made
up with cement and including rounding off
corners. 6 7'92 sq m 23'00 sq m 1,562· 16
19. 20 mm thick plaster with cement and sand
(I :4) mortar to wall includir.g roundirg off or I
chamfering corners ar:d racking out joints
and neat cement punning about 1·S mm thick 21 · 10 sq m
11-00 I ,q m / _:3.2:'"
c. 0.
I41 ,65'-j']h

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

----.----------------,---,--"'7i~:-:--r--- Untt
SL.
No.
Description I Qu. Unit Rate of Amount
-- - - - ---
Rs. P. Rate Rs. P.

B. F. ... ... ... ... ... 41,659"76

12 mm thick plaster with cement and sand
20 • (1 :6) mortar to wall including rounding off
or chamfering corners and racking out
joints including throating, nosing and drip
cour~e where necessary ... 403·63 sq m 6·75 sq m 2,724·50
While washing three coats including cleaning
21 · and smoothening surface thoroughly (5 parts

ww
of stone lime and l purl of shell lime in
the finishing coat) ... 279'48 sq m 0·77 sq m 215·19

w.E
CJh)ur washing two coats of a,1y shade in-
22· cludmg clea111ng and smoothening !iurface
thoroughly ...

asy
Painting to timber surface two coats (of any
124'15 sq m 1"60 sq m 198'64

En
23 · ~hade as directed) with best qualtty Synthetic
Enamel painting oil bound paint and best
quality of approved make and brand incl u-
ding, smoothening surface by sand papering ...
gin 58·10 sq m 6'75 sq m 392·17
2-L Creosote or solignum treatment by two coats
to wood work ... eer
;;5_ Painting two coats with readdymixcd red-lead
8 93 sq m
ing
5·20 sq m 46"43

paint of approved make an brand, including

!>moothenmg surface ...
11·93 sq m .ne
sq m 80'52
:(,. 100 mm dia. C. I. rain water spouts iPcluding
titting and fixing in position aud painting
complete ... 5·4 rm 24·oo rm
t
129'60

Total- 45,446·8 I
Add 5% for contingency=2,272·34

Plinth area (including off sets) no;,.

for W. C. =1,136·17
urand Total ==Rs.48,855·42
=7·90x9·30=73'47 sq m

..• Plinth Area Rate =Rs. 48 •855 ' 42

·-73·47
=Rs. 664'97/sq m
(i.e. Rs. 61·77/sq ft)

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 111

Comparative cost of the different portions of balldlng 3 :-

(a) Cost upto plinth =Cost of sl. nos. (1)+(2)+(3)+(4)+(5)+(6)

(including D. P. C.) -=Rs. 95·45 + Rs. 54 41 + Rs. 53~·44+ Rs. 2,224·80 +
Rs. 5,936·00+ Rs. 147·68
=19 80% =Rs. 8,996·78
8 996'78
45 ,
:. Percentage cost= 446-Sl x 100=19·80%

(b) Cost of brickwork from =Cost of sl. no. (7)=Rs. 8,542"50

plinth to parapet
=18·80% •· • Percentage cos t- 542.' 50 x lCO = 18·80°101
- 458•446

w ww
----------
•
81

- - ·-·---- - --- - - - - - - - - - -
(c)
.Ea
Cost of all R. C. C.
w0rk including roofing
=Cost of sl. nos. (8)+(9)+(10l+(ll)+(26)
=Rs. 4,23I·20+Rs. t.685·92+Rs. 4,86o·0o+Rs. 2,309·12+
=29·07%
syE
Rs. l29"60=Rs. 13,215"84
. p 13,215·84 l . ¾
. . ercentage cost= 45 446 .~1 x 00=29 07 o

ng •

ine
- -- - - - - - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- - -
(d). Cost of flooring
=8·45% =Rs. 3,842·47 e
Cost of sl. nos. (17)+(18)=Rs. 2,280 3l+Rs. 1,562'16

;•~~:iri
:. Percentage cost= 4
, ng
x 100=8'45%

--------- -- - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -·- - - .ne

(e) Cost bf door and
windows
=15"32%
=Cost of sl. nos. (12)+(13)+(14)+(15)+(16)
=Rs. l,264·68+Rs. 4,138 ·75+Rs. 351·64+Rs. 964'60+
t
Rs. 240·00-Rs. 6,959·67
:. Percentage Co.,t- -6•,95-~~
.. - 45 ~Jx 100=15·31°'10
446 .tH
- - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - ---- -- - ----~---·
(f) Cost of plastering and
finishing Cost of sl. nos. (19)+(20)+(21)+(22)+(23)+(24)+(25)
=8"56% =Rs. 232·lo+Rs. 2,724·S0+Rs. 215·19+Rs. 198'64+
Rs. 392"17+Rs. 46"43+Rs. 80·52=Rs. 3,889"55
3.8 ~9·55
:. Percentage cost= 45 446-=ii' x 100=8·55%
'
Check :-Total percentage=19·80+ 18·80+29'07 +8·45+ 15·32+8·55=-100

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112 ESTIMATING, COSTJNG AND SPECIFICATION

3-4 Pump-Hoose ( Using standard modular bricks ) :-Estimate the quantity of

works of the following items from the Pump-House shown in the fig. 3-4A.
(I) Earthwork in excavation, (2, .Brickwork in foundation and plinth, (3) Brick-
work in superstructure, (4) R. C. slab in roof. (5) 15mm thick cement plaster to
llltL·rnal walls, (6) 15mm thick cement plaster to ceiling.
Size of window~=·90m x 1·2m. Door=l·lmx I·9m

ww
w.E
asy
En E!..EV,".TiOM

gin
eer
ing
.ne
/~__:_:_=:~~
SECTIONAL PLAN AT 1-8
t
L/ I
_A.

,._,,1m-+1
SECTIONAL PLAN AT WINDOW Su.t
FIG. 3-4A.

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 113

To calculate the centre line following the fig. 3-4B, OT= 1·5 + ·\0 = 1·75m. Now, from
the triangle OA,T, AT-==OT xtan 4-,r :. AB=2AT==2(OT x tan 1i~ 0
)

= 2(1 ·75 x tan 22°30') = 1·45m

. ·. Total length of centre line for 50cm thick wall of the octagon-=8 x l ·45= l l '60m
Similarly the total length of centre line for 40cm thick wall=S(2x 1·7 tan 22°30,.)=11·27m
Thus the total length cf centre line for parapet wall-8(2 x 1·75 tan 22°30')= 11 ·60m

Item/
-J.
Nn.
Description
I
No.I L.
m
I B.
m
I .1-1.
m
l
Qu. j Total I Explanatory
notes

2.
Earthwork lo exca,atloo
Brickwork in foundation
J 45
'Tl'X( 4 r X I J"6 I
:n-2, 57"25 4·5=3+2x '60
cum +2 x ·15
3·6=3·0+2x
and plinth- ·2s+·10
(a) t>Ucm wall (circular) ...
ww
(b) 50cm wall (octagonal)
(c) Steps (with tread of
...
1 '11'X3"6
1 11 "60
·60
·.so
1·5 10"18
2·0 11 ·60
3·6 is mean dia.

3.
30cm)
w.E l 1·10 ·45
(av.)
·30
- O·IS
-·----
i1·9J
"45=1(' 30+ ·60)

cum Chamfer IO cm
rise considered

asy
Brickwork In snperstractare
la) 50cm wall (octagonal) l l l ·60 ·so ·so 2"90 square
(b) 40cm wall (octagonal) I 11 ·21 '40 3-00 13·52 3'00=4·0-·90
(c) 30cm parapet wall
(octagonal) ... 1
En11 "60 ·30 ·40 1"38
-10
Deduction for-
Door in 50cm wall
. ,, 40cm wall
... .
...
1
1
1·10
1·10 gin "40
·so ·so
)"40
0'28 (-ve)
0"62
",,
The door is in
two walls of 50
Windows
Lmtel (with 15cm
... 6 ·90 "40
eer
1·2 2·5',l
,,
cm and 40 cm

ing
bearing)
Over door ... 1 1"40 "40 • 1() 0"06 ,.
,, windows ... 6 1·20 ·40 ·10 0·39 -!.!__
4.
10cm R.C. roof slab with
full bearing (Length of one
14'86
cum
.ne
outer edge of 40cm wall
of the octagonal rouf
=2X I·90tan'! 0 =1·5741 8 l x 1·5 74 X t· 90
- 11·96
11"96
1·90 is the per
pendicular
t
s. sq m dist. from
15cm thick cement plaster centre lo the
to internal walls- outer edge=
1·5+·40, 8 r,os.
(a) For circular portion
(b) For octagonal portion
1 ,.,.xJ·C - 1·5 14"14
for eighL trran-
(one side =2 X I "5 X gles.
tan 22°30~=1'24) ... 8 1·24 - 5-5 54·56
Dedacdon for door ...
lx½ 1·1 - 1•04 (-ve) 5·5=4+1·5
•• ,, windows 6Xi "90 -
1·9
1·2
-- 3'24
~ side
.
½time for one
sq m
6. 15mm thick platter to celllo1 s ly· x 1·214 x 1·s 7•44 7·44 l "24 as calcula
sqm ted in 5.(b).
15

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114 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

E
0
b cm. L .c. dVER. 10cm
R.C.SLAB
lL

T
30cm.
_tJ 15 cm. (8AND)
rE
2·scm.o.,.c

I
I
I 7·5 c.mc.c..
-18
~
CII

30C.
~

Ul
1·sc,
c.c.

ww
VERA8.F.S -
~
.,J

u _...,.I"'...,.
,~oG:15 w.E 15 en,. C .<:.
OVER.A B.f.S.

Ls cm~
C .C.OVER. ,._ B.F.S.
asy
SEC.I.ION ON AB

~n.rn J

. E- n
1.1·1:m~

rt ---- --·--
11m. E

~l
I ,_.....-- □-
l
I!]
gin
d20ZiltsQ7
~
T
I
I
E
Ii>
,... e
cl er
.3 m.
ing
lf!ocm ro LIVING ROOM
.ne l()
<O

BED ROOM BED ROOM

:30C9'
LO
t
E VERANDAH.
I.ti

PLAN
FIG. 3-5
Doors• l ·00 x 2"00
Window ( small )="90x 1·20
,, (htrge)=l'80xl·3O

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 115

Blit•i•:--t. Q■antity Estimate far mala Items ef a balldtq.

Estimate tlte quantities of the following items from the drawing shown in fig. 3-5.

{l) Earthwork in excavation for foundation trenches, {2) Cement concrete (1 :3:6) in
foundation, (3) 1st. class brickwork with cement mortar (1 :4) in foundation and plinth,
(4) Z-5 cm thick D. P. C. with cement concrete (1:2~4), (5) 1st. class brickwork in
superstructure (l:6), :(6) 10 cm thick brickwork (l:4) in parapet walls, (7) 7·5 cm thick
cement c::mcrete (l:2:4) ftoor over a brick ftat soling, (8) Cement concrete (1:2:4) at

ww
roof slab and lintel, (9) Centering and shuttering for roof slab and lintel, (10) M. s.
reinforcement for roof slab I with 1°/4) and lintel (with ·08%), (11) 8 cm (av.) thick and

w.E
45cm projected R. C. chajja.

(A) Centre Hae Metbod- asy (B) Lona and short wall Method
Ctntre line l•ngth for-
(a) Main walls of 30cm En Centre to centre diJtancefor-

Outer walls of rooms

=2[(ll-·40)+(5·8S-·40J] =32·10 m gin Bed rooms (combined)-
Back and front as long walls

Partition between bed and liying rooms

eer
=(3"7 +·JO+ J•O) +·30= 7·3m
Sides and partition as short walls
={3"7+·30)-(l·S+·a~-·•~0 )
Partition between bed rooms
=2·55m
==3·7 +·30=4m
ing
Living reom-
=3·7+ 30 =4·00m
Total=3~'65m Back and front as short walls
.ne
Number of joints=4 Nos. =3+ · 30..: 3·30m
Right side as Ions. wall
=l·S+·\9 -·V=l·4Sm
t
Left side. verandah portion as long-short
(b) Verandah walls (having different sec)
= 1·s+· 91°-·V = 1·45m
Front verandah- Front venadalt-
Front=3·3S-·8v° +· y"
3 =3·3Sm Front as long-short
Side=1·5-· 5~+·~• = t·som =(3+·30)~·\!1 +· 3, 0 =3·3Sm
Back= ll-1 ·2-3-·30-·3S+·~t9-· 8,Jl Side as short wall
-6·15m =1·5-·•J>+•St°=l·S m
Side-t·S-· 11•+·\-• =l·S0m Back verandah-
Total=l2'50m Back as long-short
=(l l-1 ·2-3-·J0-·JS) +·~ir0 - " 82°=-=6· 15m
Numl,er o(Joints:r:,I no,. with main wall. Side as short wall=l·S-· 8u°+• 3i=l·5m

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116 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

ii Description Explanatory
notes

1. I Earth work in excaYatlon

la founda1loa
(A) Bv centre line method
(1) Main walls I 37"13 ·76 ·90 25"40 37'13=38'65-
(ti) Venndah walls I Jl1•98 ·60 '60 3·95 4x '76/2
(111) Steps 2·- ____
, 1'60 ·55 -
--- ·10
- - -'18
- --- 410·98=
29"!!3
X 76/2
12·50-

Projection of
cu·m cone. 10cm

ww(B) By L. & S. wall M6th'Jd

and thickness
10cm consi
dered.

w.E
Bed rooms-
2 ·76 \ '90
Back and front as long
3 ·76 ·90
sides and partition a~ short

t;vinu room-
Rack and trnnt a:i ~hort asy 2 2·54 ·76 ·90
Right side as I.mg
Left side verandah portion En
I 4·76 ·76 ·90

as long-short 1
gin
1•45 '76 •90
1.L. --=37· 13 ·76 '9U 25 40
For long-~hort
wall length
remains cons-
Front verandah--

Front as long-short I 3 35 eer

"76 ·60 I
tant.

Side as short 1 ·74 "76 "60 i

ing
Back verandah-
Back as long-short
Side as short
l
l
6·15
·74 .ne
Steps
f.L. =10·%

_ 21__ 1·~~
t
cum
2. Cement concrete la
foaodatloa (1:3:6)
(A) By center line Method
(i) Main walls
(ii) Varandah walls
I 37·13 ·76 ·20
I ll·SO '60 ·15 5·64 Since cone.
(iii) Steps 1•04
2 __1·60 "70 ~ meets with 50cm
·22 layer of main
11 ·SO= l 2'50-
cum
4 x·&i

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 117

Building 4 continued

·em/
'llo
1 Description ! 1 :· I Qu. I· Total!
Explanatory
notes

(B) By L. & S. wall method .I I

Bed Room-.- ·20

Back and front as long .•• 2 8·06
Sides and partition as ·20
!>hort .•• 3 3·24
Living Room- ·20
Back and front lls short ..• ·2 2·54
·20

ww Right side as long ••• 1 4'76

Left side vern. portion ·20
as long-short ..• 1 1·45 ·76
iT..H·13 ·20 5 64

w.E
Front verandah-
Front as long-short
Side a,; short
1 3•40
·76
'60
·60
· 15
'15
3·40=3·35
+ ·60/2-·S0/2
'95=1 ·S-·60/2

asy
l ·95
Back verandah- - --·50/2
Back as long-~hort 1 6·20 ·60 ·ts 6'20=6·15+
I ·95 ·tO __ ·1_5
Side as !>hort
En
T.L. 11·so ~
•J 5
·60/2-·50/2

Steps 2 1·60
gin
·70 ·to ·22
(>·~u
3. Brickwork in foundation and
plinth (l : 4) eer cum

(A) By unrre line method

(i) Main walls 50 cm layer 1 37'65 ·SO
ing 37·65-= 38·65-
4 x ·5012
For lower part

.ne
·40 '65 9'84
Main walls 40 cm layer 1 37·85 no change over
(ii) Verandah 30 cm layer 11 ·so as cone.
(a) Lower part coincides j
with 50cm layer of main 1 1
(b} -do upper part meets I
with 40 cm layer of main i 1
11 ·so

11 ·70
·30

·30
·15
'65
•52
2·28
&30cm brick-
work meets
with the same t
layer ')f 50 cm.
·30 ·38 But the upper
(iii) Steps . .. 2 l '45 ·45 part meet~
(av.) - - ·-20•55 with different
(B) By L. & S. wall method cum layer 40 cm of
main wall
Bed Rooms- 11 ·10= 12·so-
Back and front as long 4 x·40/2
50 cm layer 2 7·80 ·so ·40 3·12
40 cm layer 1·10 ·40 ·65 4•00
2
Sides and partition as
.short
SO cm layer 3 3·50 ·so '40 2·10
40 cm layer 3 3·60 ·40 '65 2•81
c.o. 12·uJ

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~,
118

lte
ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description INo. L.
m I
B.
m I H.
m I Qu.
-
Total! Explanatory
notes
No
I B.F. 12·03
Living Room-
Back and front a~ ~hort
50 cm layer ... 2 2'80 ·so ·40 1·12
40 cm layer ... 2 2 90 '40 '65 1"51
Right hand side as long
50 cm layer ... I 4'50 ·so ·40 ·90
... 1 4"40 "40 '65 1·14
40 cm layer
Left side vcran. portion .
as long-short
... 1 1•45 ·50 •4() ·29

ww 50 cm layer
40 cm layer
Front verandah-
r ront as long-short
... 1 1-45 '40 ·65 "38

I
w.E
JO cm layer
(a) Lower part which coin-
cides wi1h 50 cm layer of
main wall
as... y 1 3·25 ·30 ·15 ·15
3"2:'i- 3"35+
(b) Upper part which coin-.
cides with 40 cm layer of
... En ·65
·30/2-"50/2

3·30=3·35+

gin
main wall 1 3·30 ·30 ·65
"30/2-'40/2
Sides us short 20 cm layer
{a) Lower part which coin-
cides with 50 cm layer of
... eer 1"10=1·5-
·30/2-'50/2
main wall

(b) Upper part which coin-

I 1·10 ·30 ·15
ing
·05

cides with 40 cm layer of

main wall ... I l · I5 ·30 "65 ·22 .ne
Back verandah-
Back as long-short
30 cm layer
t
(a) Lower part which coin-
c1des with 50 cm layer of
I
main wall ... I 6"05 ·30 ·ts ·27

(b) Uppn part which coin-

cides with 40 cm layer of
main ... I 6·10 "30 "65 1•19

Side as short 30 cm layer

(a) Lower part
(b) \Jpper part
...... 1 1·10 •30 '15 ·os
I l "15 •30 ·65 ·25
Steps ... 2 1'4 •45 "30 "30
- - 20·ss
(av.) cum

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 119

Building 4 continued

lteml Description I No. L.

m \ B.
m IH.
m I Qu. ,Total \ Explanatory notes
No.
,. 2·sem tblck D. P. c.
(.4) By centre line method. 38·05=38·65-
(i) Main walls 1 33'05 ·30 l l '42
5 ·30 ·30 •45 4 X 30/2
0

(ii> Pillars
Deductions for,
door openings ... ' 6
-1·00
- · -·30
-- -
1·80 (-vel
- -- - - -
1o·u1
sqm

ww
(B) By L. & S. wall method

Bed Rooms-

w.E
Back and front as long ...
Sides and panition as
short
2
3
7'60
3·70
·30

·30
7·60=7'3+'30

3·70=4-'30
Living Room-
Back and front as short
asy 2 3·00 ·30
Rig.ht si'.ic as long
Lcfl side verandah portion
1
En 4•30 ·30
as long-short 1
T.L
1·45
ls·u5 gin-
·30
~ 11·42

Pillars
Deductions for
5 ·30
e--er
•JO •45

door openings 6 1·00

· -- -- -
·30
ing
1·80 (-ve)
10·01
5. 1st class brickwork
supentructarc ( I :6)
in sq m
.ne
(.4) By centre line melhod.

(i) Main walls 1 38'05 ·30 3·60 41·09

t
(ii) Pillars. 5 ·30 ·30 2 80 1·26

Declactioas for-
Door op~nings 6 1·00 · ·30 2·00 3·60 (·ve)

Window small 7 ·90 •30 1•2 2·21

"
,, large 2· 1·80 ·30 I ·2 1·30 ,,
Band lintel 1 38'05 ·30
-- l•S
-- - 1•71
••
33•47
cum

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120 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Jtem No.
L. B. H.
Qu. ~Tc5tal Explanatory
No.
Description m m m
notes

(B) By L. & S. wall method

For rooms 38·05 ·30 3·60 41 ·09 38·0S is the

Pillars ·30 '30 2'80 1·26 total length as
Deductions for-- that for D.P.C.
Door openings 1·00 •30 1·2 ·36 (-vc)
Windows ,mall ·90 ·:o 1·2 2·21
large 1'80 •30 1·2 1·30
Band lintel 38'05 ·30 · 15 I ·15

ww10cm thick brickwork (1: 4)

36 71
cum

w.E
in parapet walls (For both
the ~ystcms)
Back and front (outer t0 10·90=Il·00-
2x·05
outer)
Sides (inner to inner)
asy ·30
'30
6 54
3·3} 5·55=~·85-2
'05-2x·IO

,. 7·5 cm thick cement con- En

crete floor over a brick
flat soling gin
2·90
Adjacent hcd & living
Bed room bigger
Verandah front
2:

1
13"60
3"60
3 05
3"60
1·15 eer 20'88
12 96
3"51
-do-back s·xo 1·15 6·67
ing
4402

8. Cement concrete (1:2:4) for

sq m
.ne
R CC. works-
(1) Roof ~lab for-
Rooms floor a rca ·10
t
·10 2·22
., walls ,. 38"05 ·30 ·10 1·14
Verandah floor area-
.Front 3·60 1"75 ·10 ·63
Back 6"40 1'75
'.ii) Band lintel (for main
wall) 3s•o sl •30 ·1s 1·11
8"19

_I
cum

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 121

building 4 continued
B. I H . i
J1emll De!>cription m m i Qu. !Total : Explanatory notes
No.
I

9. Centering & Shuttering for

R. C. worki,

ii- For roof slab-

Over Rooms 1 3·7 3·7 i 13·69

,, ,, 2 3·7 3·0 i 22·2()

i
2 10 90 · 10 ! 2"18 l0·90=11 - 2x·os
Edges, long sides I
I

,. shorl t-idcs 2 5-75 '10 I I 1· I 5

ww
i
I

Over verandah, front I J·O I ·5 · 4·50

(>'I l '5 ! 9· 15 6·l=ll·0-- 1·2-3
,, ,, back 1 --- 2 x ·30- 2 x ·os

w.E
(it) L intel side~ 2 38 ·os -
i:
- ' · 15 11'42
64"29 \
I

•
asy
10. M.S. reinforcement 'l) 111 Wt. of M.S. bar
For roof !'.lab (I%) (8"19--- I' 71 1X 78" 5 =5 ·01 =78"5 4/cll 111
~ --1
JO u '

For lintel ("08%)

En = l'C7
11. R..C . cbajja 8 cm (av.)
thick & 4:5 cm projected gin 6"03
qum
including reinforcement
.tnd shuttering
At verandah front- eer
L';)llg side 1 3·75 3·75

1·45 ing
.ne
Short side 145
At verandah, back-
Long side 6·55 6 55,

Short side 1·45 ·

/
1·45
1- - / T3·i"o-Jr,m. t
ABSTRACTOF QUANTITIES OF BUILDING 5
SI.
No . I Description of item
Quantities
C 29 53 cum
I. Earthwc>rk tn exc.1vattun for foundauon trenches ... 6•90 Cll m
2. Cement concrete (l:3:61 in foundation .. 20·.ss qi m
3. 1st class brickwork with cement mortar (1:4) in foundation and plinth
.. . 10·07 :-.q m
4. 2'5 cm thick D.P.C. with cement concrete (l:2:4) ... 36·71 cu 111
5. I st class brickworlr.. (1 :6) in superstructure ... 9·87 s4 m
6. lO cm th.ck brickwork (1 :4) in parapet walls ... 44'02 sq rr..
7. 7·5 cm tliick cement concrete ( I :2:4) floor over a brick flat soling ... 8'19 cum
8. Cement concrete ( I :2 :4) at roof slab and lintel . .. 64·29 sq m
9. Centering and shuttering for roof slab and lintel • ... 6·03 quintal
10. M. S. reinforcement for roof slab and lintel ... J3·20 rm
ll. ~ (av.) thick and 45 cm projected R. C, Chajj
16

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12! ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

7'5 cm L.c.o,VER
rocmR.C.C.5 AB
. .. ...
r.L.__ 10cm

3 0 ~ , ~ 50~1~
l.W-----,.,...,-~ IOCIII
• 30 • 'ZO CfIT

t-,scm
e
,0

"'
ww
w.E
asy
En DOORS:-

gin o,-r1mx2·om
o.:1·om112·0m
KITCHEN
• eer o., :.o•sm•'2·0 m

WINDOWS:-

ing
w, ,,2·4m11:i-2m
Wt=l·smx1·211

30
cm , -----i-:!,_·.;:.s-'-m-...-1 4m
w3 =1•1mx1·2m
ocm w
W\15 :o 0·1JM1'l·Oln.ne
4 = 1· o m ,c 1· '2 rn

T-
l l\VIN BED
I
I
IROOM
tnt)
e:
·1
I
I
3:I
SHELVES I-
S,.:: 1·0 m ,n·e.m
t
I,_
!1
I
ca,
30 c.m x IS

I
I
II
_j ,.,
cO .J
I
I
S2: 0·15 110·75111

I
I CHAJJ"A :-
L
+-1----::......:::~_ _..Jwa , 6Cll.THICK(Av)
r-----..,
I & 46 Cl1. Prto:r.
,.
I
.-------=~·~Cm~!OCm
___ ]PILLAR.

_ _______
. .\, _, ~=====~.,-$Tl:
'I
,~ 1"511}c.m 50
P5 15 CffU.IIE
TII.EAO.

PLAN-<~
SCALE, I em .::Im
FlG. 3-S

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ESTIMATE GP BUILDINGS 123

3-5. Buildloa-s. Estimate th~ quantilies of the following. items of works fo)Jlt
the building shown in the fig. 3-5.
(1) Earthwork in excavatic,n, (2) Lime concrete in foundation, (3) First da~s brick-
work in cement mortar ( I:4) in foundation and plinth, (4) First cla-.s brickwork in cement
mortar (1:6) in superstructure walls, (5) 2·5 cm thick D.P.C. and (6) Cement concrete
with stone chips (l:2:4) for R.C.C. works.
(A) Centre line Method :- (B) Lo1:11 aad Sbert wall method ··-
Centre line length.- Centre to centre distance for -
<•) For 30cm walls at super1traclure- Living Room-
Lhlng Room-Curved front Curved front=4·l 7m (as calcuhtcd in

ww
R1~c upto centre ofwall=·6+ · t5 ~= ·75m
Span from centre to centre of walls 2a = 3·8m Sides as long walls=4·5+·IS·-=4·6Sm
:. Length of half chord, b = J(h1) 2 -t-(·75) 1 Back as short wall=3·5+·30=3·xom
in method A)

w.E
: . Length of mean arc=
-2·04
Bed Room····
Right hand sid<.! a<; long wall -=--=3+·30=3· 30111
··-· 3 -- - 3- .
asy
8b- 2a 8x2·04 --- 3·& = 4. 17 Back & !'ront a-; short walls=4+·30=4·J0rn
Kitchen
: . Centre line for living. room----
4· \ 7 +2(4·5+•15) +(3·S+·JO) = 17·27 m
En Back and front as long-short walls
=3+·ts + ·I0 = 3·25m
Bed room = 2(4+·30) - (3+· 30)=- ll ·90m
Total length of centre linc=29·17m
Numbtr ofjoining places=] Nos, gin
Side as shorL wall =2·4+·20=2·CJOm
Bath and W. C. combined-
(h) For 20cm walls at sapustructore
Kitchen=2(3 +· l S+·IO) +(2·4 +·20) = 9·10m eer
Front and hack as long-shorL w,tlls=
(I 8 +·10+1·2)+·1S+·I0= 3· 35111
Bath and W. C. Comblned-
=2( l ·8 ·-t-•10+ 1·2) +·IS+ · IO+(I ·8 +·20) ing
Side (of W. C. only) a~ short wall-
. 1·s-1-·20=2·0m
=8'70111
Tota I length of centre line= l 7·80111
Front verandah (f1>r dwarf w,tll) --
.ne
Front a'i short wall=(2·S+· n;1-·0S . •A/ )
Numher of joinlnr: places=-4 Nos. (with main)
(c) For venodab dwarf walls-
Front nraadah :-
t
=::!:45m
Side as short wall,... (I · 3 ·1 · :~, · ·OS -· :);> )
= 1·2sm
Front side =(2·s+· 1~.t---·os-· \ 0 ) =2·45111 Back verandah for dwarf wall ---
Side=(l ·3+·V -·0S-· Ji)= I ·25111
1 3 Total kngth=(·30x3+3·5+4) - (·20x4 +
Back veraudab- 2·4-rl·8, = 3·4m
Total length=("30x 3+3·5 +4)-(·20 x 4+ :. Centre di~tancc from pillar to
2·4+ l'8)=3·4m 1 wall as ~hort wall~= ~(3'4 i ·.20) = 1-~~111
·;Centreline length=2X ~ (3·4+·20)=3·6m I
Total length of cenlrc line= 7·30m •
Number ofjolningplacts=4 No, . (2 Noll. wirhl
main, 2 No,. with 20cm walls)
Deduction for the Ieng, h covered by two
pillars @ 90cm shall be made. Pillar shall be
measured separately.

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124 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPEClFlCATION

Item Description No.

L. Bl H. i
m m m !Ou. Total
I Explanatory
No. notes.

1. Earthwork in excantion
( A) By ctnfrt line me1hod--

(a) 30 cm wall, at ~uper~trudure l2s·27 •90 1·00 :2s·44i 23'27=29· I 7

(b) 20cmw,ill ~.. ,, 16·00 ·60 ·70 ! 6"72 , -·2 X '90/2
(c) Vcr,rndah dwarf wall-, 4·00 ·.:io ·so , o·~o 16'00=17'80-4
(d) VL·randah pillars -~r ·9o t ·oo 16.~ X '90/2
(c) Step, front and back. I-7C ·90 ·08 0 24! 4·00=7"30-2 X
(fJ Step, front of W. C. 1·o(' ·2s ·o~ 0·02: 90/2-2 X "60/2

ww
( B) JJy Long & S/11 rt wall mtthod /
- 2 X ·90
(for pillars)

w.E
ta) 30cm wall~ at ~upcr~lrlll,;lurc
Livmg Rnnm -
1 4'17 90 11 ·oo
5' I0=-4"65+ ·~:01~
2"90=3·80- 2 ~<
Curved front
Side, a~ long walh
Back a~ short \\all asy 2
I
S·I() ·90 1·00
~:90, ·SO 1·00
'90/2

HcJ room- En 4·20=3'30+2

X ·30/2
Rig.hl side a.; Ion!.\ wall
Back & front a~ ~hort walb
1
2
i~[ 128"27 gin
4'20' ·90 l '00
3·40 ·90 J ·0O
·(JU i·OO i.!5"44
T. L. Is same as
(A). a.

(b) 20cm wall, at ~upcr,tructurc

Knchen- eer •J0=3·35+ 60/2
Back & front ,.., long,-,hnrt
Side a, ,hort w,1II
J·IO ·60 1' ·70
2 0( '60 ·70 ing - ·IJ0/2
2 00=2·60-- 2 X

Hath & W. C. comhincd ---

.ne
3·20=3'35+
"60/2- ·lJ0/2
'60/2

t
Front & bal:k a~ long-~ltort 3·2,, '60 ·70
Side a~ ~hort wal I - l '4(' ·60 •·o T.L. Is same as
1-r.c.· ltrUO ~ ·70 (A). b.

(c) Verandah Jwa,fwall, I ·55=2·45-2

Front \·crandah- X '90/2
Front us ~hill'! wall I ·55 ·40 ·so ·J5= l"25-2
S.de a~ short wall -35 ·40 ·so X 90/2

Back verandah -·
From pillar lt1 wall ~hort 2
rr::
I
1·05 ·40
4·00: -:-40 ·;o 0·8(
T.L . 11 same
(A).c.
a,
(JJ Vl!randah pillar~ 2 ·90 ·9o 1·00 1'62
(c) Steps fronl and back
,, ,, frnnt of W. C.
2
1
1·7rl ·90 ·os
1·00: ·25 ·08
0"24
O·C ,_ 34'84
Total quantity is
same by any
cum method.

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 125

Building 5 con1i1111ed

Description
I'
No. I1 L.
. m Im I
l B. l H .\ Qu. T,1tal
1
m,
I Explanatory
nn1e,

2.
L_l_m_e_co_n_c_re-te-in_f:_o_o_od_a_t_lo_o__ ,I ,. \ I ---

( i4) By c, ntre line method \ 16 60= I 7·80 - - ➔

(a) 30cm walls at ~uper"itruc!ure 1 \2if27 ·90 ·30 7'63 X .. Ht
(b) 20cm walls at superstructure l -16·60 ·60 ·20 1•99 (cone . join~ with
(c) Verandah dwarf walh l I 5·40 ·40 ·20 I O•..J.3 60cm of mam
(d) Verandah pillan 2 : •90 ·90 ·30 c·-19
, wa II)
(c) Steps front and back ... 1 2 I ·70 l ·oo ·08 o· 27
,, front or W. c. ... t·I ·70 ·us _<_i·_o_c, _____
1 10·~7
I l:ll Ill

I
ww
(B) Bv long & Short wall method i
(a) 30cm walls at ~uperstructurc
Living Room-
!
i
I
!
w.E
Curved front
Sides a-; long wall-;
Back a:- ~hort wall
I
2
l
4·17 ·90
S·IO ·90
2"90 ·90

!
I
Bed Room- asy
Right ~idc a-.. !ling. wall ... 1 1
'
i
4·20 ·90

I
Back & front as ~hnrt walls j _
En
_2
1T. L 28 ·27 ·90
3·40 -- -·~O
,T.L. i~ ~amc a-.

I
I (b) 20cm wall, at ">Upi!r,tructurc I
l
gin f A). a.

i
Kitchen----
Back & front a~ long-short Ii 2
Side a, short wall .. .
l

l
3-25 ·60 ·20
2·00 '60 · )0 eer
- I
i
I
j
Bath & W.C. comh1ncd- -
2 3·35
l
·20 I
ing
l !
1 3· 35 c.:-: 3· 35 +-&~)
1-·\!'
Front & back a, long,-~l10rt
Side a-. ~horl wall ~ I
t.L. .to·6o
'60
1'41, ·60 ·2i)
·6()
I,
·i(J i -1•99
\I

I .ne
I,'·1·(/\),_.I b,,-, ~
. :1111• • :1"
.,-

t s~,
V -

I '
: (c) Verandah dwarf walh
I

I
Front Vcrandah--
Frollt as short walls l 1-95 ·40 ·20
I 1·95-2·15--2 X
1-61l
·75=1·2S-2x
Side as short wall l j ·75 ·40 ·20

Back verandah-
From pillar to walls short T.L i~ :,amc a,
(A). c.

(d) Verandah pillars 2 ·90 -90 ·20 o 49

(c) Steps front and back 2 I ·70 1·00 '08 0·27
,. front of W. C. 1· 10 ·70 ·ox 0 _·< 16 \ 1o·lfo/' Tota.I quantily ii
cu m ,amc by any
I method.

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'P"'."

126 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

I I , L. B. H.I Qu. Total I Explanatory

Iten
No,
Description INo. i m m ml notes
~ -· --~- . -- ~------------ -·
3. Brkkwork lo cement mortar
1:4) lo foundation a■d plinth
A) By centre line mtthod· ·
a) 30cm wall, at super,truc•
turc
28·57 '60 ·20 3-43 28·57 =29·17-
ht footing 60cm
2nd footing 50cm 2b'67 ·so ·20 2·27 2 X ·60/2
28"77 ·40 ·90 IO·JS 28 ·67::: 29' 17-
Plinth wall 40 cm

ww b) 20cm walls at ,upcr·

ht foolllll~ 40cm
struct urc
16'80 ·40 ·20 I 34
2X'S0/2

w.EPlimh wall 20cm

c) Verandah dwarf wall, ...
17-00
s-~o
·30
·20
·20
·90
4'5'1
l '04
16"80=17'80--
4 X'50/2
40cm brick
joinb with SOrn1
ld) Verandah pillar,-
1st footing 60 cm
2nd footing 50 cm asy '60
·so
·60
·so
·20
·2()
0•14
0 10
.of main wall
5"80=7·30---2
Plinth wall 40 cm
.. En '40 '40 ·YO 0'.L9 X'40/2-2 X
'30/2-2X ·40
Jpillar_)
gin
l(c) Step, front and back t·SO ('30+ 90) 45 I 0 81
2
,, front of W.C. 018
1-0 ('30+ 60) \ ·40
i<8) By long & :Jhort wall
mtthod-- eer 24'10,
Cll mi
'(a) 30cm walb .it SllpL'I'•
~trudurc ing
.ne
Living Room -
!Curved front
1st footing 60 cm
2nd footing 50 cm
Plinth wall 40 cm
:sides as long wall~ . .
4'17
4•17
4-17
·60
·so
·40
iI ·?O
i'20
-

'90
0 50
0·42
1·50
4·95.,.4•6s+
t I
Ist footing 60 cm ·20 l · 19
2:id footing 50 cm 4·95 ·60 ,'60/2
4•90 ·so ·20 0'98 ·
Plinth wall 40 cm 3'49 14'90=4'65+
Back a~ ~hort wall-- 4·85 ·40 ·90 50/1.
1st footing 60 cm 0'38
3 20 ·60 ·20 3"20=3"80-2 X
:!nu ftmting SO cm 0•33 I
Plinth wall 40 cm 3·30 i ·so ·20
l ·,,!2 I
60/2
Bed Room-- 3'40 · '40 ·90
Right side as long wall
1st fonting 60 cm
2nd footing 50 cm 3·90 '60 ·20 0·47 3'90=3'30+2
H0i ·so "20 I 0·3B x·t:i0/2
Plinth wall 40 cm
Back & front as short wall 3 70 ! "40 ·90 1'33
I st footing 60 cm I ·20 0•89 3'70=4'30-2
2nd footing 50 cm 2 3•70 i ·60
380 ·SO ·20 076 x·60/2
Plinth wall 40 cm 2 2'81
3'90 ·40 ·90
c.o. 2
16'65

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 127

Buildi'lg 5 continued

Jtcm Description iNo. L. B. H. Qu. I Total Explanatory notes

No, m m m
J6 b5 ;
I(b) 20.::m wallsB.F.
at sup:r-
. ..

structure
Kitchen-
Back & front as long-short
1st footing 40cm ... 3'20 ·40 ·20 o·s1
Plinth wall 30cm 3•20 '30 "90 l ·75
Side as short wall I
1st footing 40cm 2·20 "40 ·20 0·18 I
I
0·62

ww
Plinth wall 30i.:m .. 2'30 "30 ·90
Bath & W. C. combined
\Back & front as long.-~l10rt

w.E 3·30 II ·40 ·20 0'53

I 1st f..>otiPg 40cm .. 2
l ·78 3·30= 3- 35 +· 1,t •-6\\
Plinth w.1ll 30 cm.. 2 3·30 l ·30 ·90
'Side as short wall
l ·60 ·40 1 ·20 O·D
1
asy
1st footing 40 cm .. .'.
Plinth wall 30 cm ..
i(c) Verandah dw:irf walls i
,!
2
2 1·10 ·30 \ '90 0'46

Front verandah
Front plinth as short•
!
En
2 05 ·20 ·90
·20 I ·9o
0·37
0·1s
205=245~2x·40/2
·85 = [·25·· -2 X '40/2
Side

Back verandah
,, , ·8s
gin [•45=1·8- ·40/2
-·JO/l
From pillar to walls short
(cl) Verandah pillars
t ·45 i ·20 ·9o
same ias in (A)d= eer
o·s2
0·53
0•99

1
(e) Steps
Brickwork ln cement
mortar (1 :6) in supers-
same ils in (A)c=
ing
124'10
cum
tructure walls-
(i) (A) By Centre line .ne
method
(a) 30 cm wall~
(bl 20 cm walls
(<.:} Verandah pillars
•.
...
28·~7
17'20
'30
·30 3 60
· 20 3·60
·30 2 00
3[•18
8'94
0·36
0•47
2&·87 = 29· 11--
2 x ·30/2
17·20=17'80- -
4 X ·30/2
t
(d) Wall abne lintel front vier l 3'45 ·JO ·4S
,, ,, back vcran. 1 3'40 ·30 ·-iS 0·46 For parapet /lee next
4i .-4l lsuh-item(II) nnd de-
(i) (B) By Long cl Short \/eductionJ for op,·
l(a)m,thod
30cm walls-
ntngs are ofter (ti}
Living room
Curved front 4' 17 ·30 3·60
Sides as long walls 4·80 ·30 3·60
Back as short wall .. 3·50 ·30 3·60

Bed room 3·60 ·30 3"60

Right side as long wall
T.L. IJ ,amt as In
Back & front as short 4-00 •3o 3·6o i (4AJ-a
2s ·81 · 30 3·6o I

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

nc~~ription No. · L.
m
B.
m
~· I I Qu. Total I Explanatory note-,

B.r. ---- ---,- - -- 41 ·41 I

i1b) 20 cm w,1lb- -
K1t1;hcn l3·20 .... 3•2s+ 2012
Hack & front a, lon!:_!-~horl ·zo 2 (,0 -·30/2
!Side a, short w,,11 .. ·20 2·00
,Bath and WC. c,1111h1ned 3·30= 3"35+·20/2
1
Front & had. a~ lon!!,-~lwr! ·20 2Ml --·30/2

Side a, ,hort wal I t ·80 ·20 2 60 !T.L. is same as

i"F:o ·-f,\o
ww
T. 1. 20 !\4A) b.
t
(c) Ver,rnd th pill.ir, -~o ·30 2·0

w.E
•.I) Wall above lintd front
vt:ran.
lud, v.:ran.
3-45
NO
·30
·30
-45
•45 I
I
lrii) Brickwud, ill parapet h:
any method asy I
I

'a) Over main room~--

Lnt1rc b.1ck(outto nut) ..
En ·20 '-l8
!For 4·33 : -
1Sp:rn = J·9 Risc= ·8
Frnnt curved
Fr,)nt b~d room
· lout lo out) •• 4 >0
·20

·20 gin ·4~

'48
Side (lcfl) on living ..
Side (rig.ht) on l1v111g: ..
4·(>()
1·20
·20
·20
·4!1
'41:\ eer
ing
Sid~· (ri~hl) on bed 3·20 ·20 ·48
Ih I Over low roof -
Kitchen 3'20 ·20 '48
- - do-
-- -do· ··
2'40
I ·25
·20
.20
·4~
'48 .ne
t
Bad, vcrand.1h 3·40 .20 ·48 1'25=
Bath and W.C. 3 30 ·20 ·48 3·20 - (2·0+·05)
2 · 00 ·20 '48
Front verandah .. I 2·45 ·20 '48
,. t·os •20 '48 I

Deductions for---
4.(72 ·io -1-:ax -,1'1Q- i
l>oor~ 1· 1 •30 I 2•0
1·0 1·32 he)
,, rn 30 cm ·30 2·0 1·20
., (in 20 cn1) I ·o ·20 2·0 {)·40
·8 .20 2·0 0"64
V.1i';1dows .•. 2·4 ·30 1·2 0"86
,. 1·s ·30 1·2 o·os

I
., 1·1 ·30 1·2 0·19
1·0 '30 1·2 0·4~
,, ·75 ·20 1·0 0'30
Shelves 1·0 ·20 1·2 0·4g
,, ·75 '20 ·75 O·ll
c.o. 3tFo1

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 129

Buitding 5 continued

11cm
No.
I Description

B.F ...
INo., ; I! I ~- I Qu. Total\ Explanatory notes
38·07
Lintels in 30cm walls ... 1 28"67 ·30 ·15 t ·=9 (-ve) 28·67 is the total
,, ,, 20cm walls ... l 17·20 ·20 '15 0•52 ,, length by L and S
,, •, verandah front 1 3-60 ·30 ·15 o·t6 ,, wall method .
,. ,.
"
back 1 3'40 "30 ·15 (\. \ 5 ..
}5·95
cum
5. 2'5 cm tWck D.P.C.
(a) For 30cm walls ... I 28'67 ·:io .- R·to
(b) For 20cm walls ... I 11·20 ·20 -- 3'44
(c) Pillars ... 2 ·30 ·30 - 0'18

ww.. DecJacdon for-

... 2 I· 1 ·.:io - 0"66 (-vc)

w. .E
Door opening D 1
,, D, (in 30cm) 2 1·o ·30 -- 0·60 ,,
,, D, (in 20cm) 1 1·0 ·20 - 0·20 ,,
,. " o. ... 2 ·8 ·20 - 0·32 ..
works (1 :2:4) asy
6. Cement concrete for R.C.C. 10·44
sq rr

En
(a) Beams for-
Living room ... I 4•10 ·t '
·:(i 0·19 30cm bearing.
Bed room ... I 3·60 ·1 S ·20 0·11 Area of beams is

(b) Roof- gin for web only.

Living room-
Segmental portion ...
Rectangular portion
l
I
;xn
4·6
X 7
eer ·10
·10
0·17 Area of segment

ing
3·7 1'70 =2/3 spait xh <apx.
Bed room l 4-3 1·2 ·10 4·3=4+·10+·20
Kitchen ... 1 3·2 2'6 ·10
l '38
O'll3
Bath & W.C. combd.
Verandah front
back ...
... 1
I
3· 1
2·2
3·8
2·0
J·O
I ·7
•J(I
·10
·IO
n·66
0·2?
.ne
2·2==2·5-·1-·2

t
" 1 0·65 3·8=3·4+2 x·20
(c) Lintd on-
30cm walls ... l 28·67 ·30 •I5 1·29
20cm walls ... 1 17·20 ·30 ·15 0•52
Verandah front ... I 3·6 ·30 · 15 0·16
back ... l 3'4 ·30 ·15 o·tS span= 3·5 + '60=4· 1
" 1/2 span=2'05
(d) Chajja for- Rise upto centre
Curved front ... 1 4·53 ·46 ·os O·tfl =·6+·23=·83
Front or bed room ... I 5·55 ·46 ·05 0-13 b= .J(2·0S)'+ f•83)
(e) Sunshade over·- 1·30 =2·2
Window W 1 ... I 2·60 ·46 ·05 O·Ofi Mean arc-=
w, ... 1 2·00 ·46 ·05 o·os ~x2·21-4·1
" w. ... 3 1·30 ·46 ·05 009 3 =4·53
" w, ... 2 1·20 ·46 ·OS o•os
". w5 ... ·95 ·46 ·OS
2
-0·04
- -us
I cu m

17

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130 ESTIMATING, COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

ABSTRACT OF QUANTITIES OF BUILDI-~G-S

~i. I O1scnpL1on of item
No.
1. Earthwork in excavation 34·84 cu m•.,
2. Lime concrete in foundation 10·87 cum,.
3. First class brickwork in cement mortar (1:4)
in foundation and plinth ... 24"10 cum
4. First class brickwork in cement mortar (l :6)
in superstructure walls 35•95 cum
S. 2·Scm thicK D.P C 10·44 sq m
6. Cement concrete with stone chips for R.C.C. works ( 1:2:4)
8 5'i cum

ww
w.E
3-6. Bullding-6. fatimatc the following quantities from the drawing shown in
the figures 3-6 and 3-6A.
asy
(I) Earthowrk in excavation in foundation, (2) Lime concrete in foundation,

En
(3) First class brickwork in cement mortar (l .4) in f undation and plimh, (4) 2"5cm
thick Damp proof course, 15) First class brickwork in cement mortar (1:6J in supersruc-
ture. (steps may be neglected).
gin
eer
-~~f ing Doors:-
.ne
10cm ..... TU\RACIN'll OVI.R 10 c~ P._.c_.

D -tmx2'11
t
' 0
l~~aciii:c:m:~~~-·=·inc~--~-~~ 1 o, =- ·95m ><llll
D1=·8Smx2m
Windows:-
•.c.~1MnLJ
IS~II Tll1U, •,•r " W =1·8mxt·5m
W1 = 1-:ra-' t ·!fm
W1 =·~x'i·S.
1 w, - ·60m x'60m
G =11,uc•
o
·sr,~: ---------~-·sJ:;.;..;,::~
:- -. -·. ----it·
111-0 G.L.

'60 -~~
.,.,,-. ' f
r---16-i.. ....,,.ae--t .....~
SICTIOB ON Q
FIG. 3-6

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 131

IOC. UME TE"RAt•I!•

OV&lt 10 CNI R.C.

l'
,..
l
T
m L;......1.a...
ww
w.E
asy
E
·3m~2m P.mu

n
ISOLATED
'BED ROOM

gin
FOUNOATICH

7.,1
ro~ ..... X3m

2·5m Wide Verandah eer

ing
LIVING ftOCM .ne
KITCHEN BED ROOM
3mX3·Sm
t

.;_ ...,,o+-,·•-+·,o+-•·a- <◄

. 1·1- • ..l.•·,(l•-:·~---·-· 2.·o--fij--a•1-
- ---·•'o·•------------
.'-- - ~·- 1 : : . , • J , - - - - - - -
PLAN
SC,a,Lt :-,cm. lffl

FIG. 3-6A

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132 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICAtION

(A) Centre line Method :- (B) Loni and Short Wall Metbecl :-
C,ntr, lint length = Centre to centre dlstanee /or-
(a) Fer 30om wallut superstructure:-
Outer walls ( of rooms and kitchen ) Living ud bed rooms ( attached ) : -
==2l(I0·40- ·3o)+ (9·15- ·so-·30)l =36·90 ,ong walls
l'artition walls between--
Bed & Kitchen=(3·5+·3:J)=3·80. Joints=2 =(3·2S+·30+3·00)+2x ·•,0 =6·8Sm
Rooms-(4·0+'30) =4·30. Joints=2
Bed and living room Short walls ( 3 nos. )=4·0+·30 -4·30m
=[(3·5-1 ·2)+ · 5 ,,•-·31 =2·30 Joints=2
Kitchen and bed room (attached) : -
Total= ➔ 7"3Um, Juints=6nos

ww
(b) For 20 cm walls at 1operstructure :-
Bath and W.C.
Back and front as long-short walls
=(3·0+2·2+·30)+2>< ' 9/=5'8m

w.E
Back=(2·3+·20+1·2)+·20
Front-[(2·3+·20+1 ·2)+·V +· 1,0 1
Joints= I with main
=3·90m
=3·9Sm
Common and kitchen side (2 nos.) as short
=(3·5+·30)=3·8m
Bed room portion with front verandah as
Side ofW.C.=2(1·6+·20)
Joints=2 with 20 cm asy =3·60 m

Portion of bath side=(·70-' 1:/1 +·\0 ) =·75m

long-short=(2-·S0) +·\0 - · 0." = t ·50rn

Joint=l with main

En Bath and W. C. : -

Front Verandah
Right side=(2+·\0 ) =2·15m gin
Back as long=(2·3+·2+ 1·2)+2 x ·••0 =3·9m
Front as long-short wall

Jointl I no. with main+footlng offset for oil

round f 001ing eer
=<2·3+·2+ 1·2)+·v+· 11l =3·95m
Sides of W. C. as short (2 nos.)

Thus, left side portion ('50+·\0 )=0'65m

Total =lS·00m ing
=1·6+·20
Portion of bath side as short
-1·som

Total numder of joints Wfth main wall=4 ='70-·N .+n·\ e

0
=0·75m
t1nd with 20 cm wall 21101+2no1 footing off1et
of 20 cm wall.

(c) for Ven..ala dwarf walls:-

Front vennclab :-
Right side as long-short
t
Front verandah front=(2·0+·20)=2·20m ·, =2•0+•ai-'\o -=2·0Sm
Joints 2nos with20cm Left side portion as long-short
Back verandah as if there is no pillar first =·S0+·_\0 - · \0 =0·SSm
Verandah length Front dwarf wall as short
==(10·40+·70)-(4+2 X ·30+ l ·6 t2x ·20)
=4·50m =2+·20 =2·20m
Centre line length=(4·so+·J5+·10)=4·7Sm Back verandah le11tb :-
Number ofJoint=] no. with main and 1 with
20 em a~d lea, the length covered by a pilla =(10 40+·70)-(4+2 x'30+1·6+2x ·20.)
foundation =4'50m
Centre to Centre length as if there is no
Total=6"95m
Total no,. ofJolnll=I with mal11 3 with 20c, pillar=4·5 + · lS+ ·t0-4·75m less pillar footing
an4 l111gth co,,red by a pillar foundation.

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£STIMATE OF BUILDINGS 133

Item
No. ,
I Description No. L. B. H. Qu. 1Total Explanatory notes
m m m

1. Farthwork lo excuatioo for

foundation trench

(A) By centre line method-

44·90=47· 30-6 X
(a) 30cm walls at superst. •.. 44•90 80 1· l 0 39•51 ·80/2
(b) 20cm walls at superst .... 13'20 50 ·70 4·62 13 20= 15•0')- 4 X
(c) Verandah dwarf walls ... S·00 40 ·30 O·:O '80/2-2 X ·S0/2+
(dJ Back verandah sq. pillar ·80 80 I· 10 0·70 2x ·1 S
45'43 S·00=6·9S-·80/2

ww (BJ By Long and 1hort wall

method
cu m -3 X ·50/2-'80

w.E
(a) 30cm walls at superst.
Living & bed (atta,;hc:d)
Long walls 7'65 80 1·10 7"65=6·85+2x
Short walls
Kitchen & bed (attached) asy 3-so 80

·so
1· 10

t · 10
·S0/ 2

s·Ro=s·so+·so/2
Back and front as Long-short
Common and kitchen ~idc
Short walls En 5"80

3'00 ·80 I' 10

1--·xo; 2
Red ro001 p:.>rlion with front
verandah as Long-short
. l'f:L - \·SO g:soin
·so l· 10
/Nute :-,.L. is
I

(b) 20cm walls at superst.

4-t'IJJ 7iu
eer 39·.IT same as i11 method
(AJ.(a)

Bath and W.C.-

Back as Long wall 4-40 ·so
·so
·70 ing 3'80=3·95+·50/2
-·xo,2
Front as Long-short wall
Sides of W.C. as short
Portion of bath side as short
3·80
1"30
0·10
·so
·so
·70
·70
·70 80: 2 .ne
lo·10=·1s-·so;2-

Front Verandah-
Right side as Long-short I 1·90 ·50 ·70
t
Left side portion as
Long-short 0·40 ·SO ·70 /Nute :-T.L. is
f.L. 13·20 ·50 ~o 4"62 same as in method
\A). lb).
(c) Verandah dwarfwalls
Front Verandah-
Front as Short wall ... 1·7') "40 ·30
Back Verandah- 1·30 '40 ·30 ·30=4·75-'80/2-
., d J '40 ----=T.; 0'5J [·50/2-·80
Note :-T.L. 11
(d) Back verandah sq. pillar ·so ·so 1·10 0"70 ,11ame as t11 method
45•43 l(A)Jc ·.
cum

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134 ESTIMATING, costJNO AND SPECIFICATION

Item
No,
I Description !No. I L.
m :· I :·I Qu. !Total Explanatory notes

2. I.J• coaerete In foandalioa

U) Bv centrt /i,ie M.t~od- l3·80a:1S·00-4x
(11}30cm walis at sup.:rst. 1 44·90 ·so ·20 7 18
l 13•81) ·so · 20 1· 31! ·S0/2-2 x·S0/2+
(b, 20cm walls at sup.::rst. 2 x · l 5 (offset,
(c) Verandah dwarf w.11ls I 5"'10 "40 ·IO 0·24
-~o · 80 ·20 0·13 5"90=6·~5-·40/2
(ti) Back vl!ranJ:ih pillar 1
-- r93-
·3x·30/2-·40
cum

(B)
wwBv long and sfiorl wall
M1thtJd
(a) 30cm walls at superst.

Long WJlls
Short walls w.E
Living and bed (attached,
...
... 2
3
7'65 ·80 ·20
3·50 ·so ·20
Kitchen and b~d (attached)
B-ick and front as long-short
Comm.>n and kitchen side asy 2 5·so ·so ·20

Sh0rt walls
Bed r Dm p0rtion with fro~t
...
2
E-n -
3"00 ·so
-~n
·20

gin
verand:1h as Lo:1g-sh.>rt l )•5' •2()
----
r.L. 4-r:1 .. ~u -U 7· l.:,

(b) 20cm wallo at sup-~rst. I eer 3·95=3·9s+·S0/2

Bath and W. C.-
Back as Long wall
Front as Long short wall ...
.... 1
l
4·40 ·51
3·95 ·,o -~o
·20I
ing
_ 6¥n
concrete meets wih
Side of W. C . as Short
Portion of b:ith sidc as Sh~~t
2
l
t ·30 5() ·2()
0·2s ·5 ·20
.ne
·50 layer of• 30wall
0·25=·7S-·SO/}.
-·S0/2
Front verandah-
2·0i ·S'l . 2() Nate-T.L is .,amt t
I
Right sid.; as Long -short ... 1
1 o·ss (a, In method (A,,
Left side portion Long-short •Sfl ·20 (b).
T.L. 13'1SO ·:,o ·20 ~
l ·90=2'20-2 X
(c) Verand1h dwarf wall- ·3012
Front vt:randah- concrete meets with
Front as short ... 1 1·90 ·40 ·1; ·30and·40 layer of
·20 & ·30 walls
respectively
Back Verandah- l
T.L. 5·~0
4'00 ·40
'40
.'"
'lv 0 24
4·00=4 75-·40/2
(d) Back verandah pillar 1 -·30/2-·40
0
80 ·80 ·20 o·l3
--- s-rr- Note :-T.L. 1,
cum simt as In method
cA).(c).

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 135

Building 5 continued

lt~m
No.
I Description INo. ! !; I! I ~-1 Qu. Total \ Explanatory notes

3. bt claa brickwork In cement ,

m,,rtu iu foaodadon and
pliDth
( A) Bv untre line method-
a) 30cm walls at superstruclun
I 45·50 ·60 ·20 5·46 45·50cc47·30-6 X
1st footing 60 cm ...
2nd footing 50cm •.. 1 45·60 ·so ·.m 6·87 60/2
I ,6·tO ·41 •9J lo•6'J 45 S0a:47·30-6 X
plinth wall 40cm ...
50/2

ww
(b):Ocm walls at superstructure
Same length as con.c

w.E
1st footing 30cm
(ii Bottom p'lrtion which
meets with .'.)0..:m of main O·-lt
work because cone
and bottom layer of
30cm brick work

with 40cm of main asy

(ii) Top p()rtion which mecls
... 14·0• -~o ··o
meet with the sameO
footing 14·00= I '\•O
-4 X ·40/2+2 X ·052
pli111h wall 20..:m .•.
En
14·co ·2" ·su
(c) Verandah dwarf walls ...

(d) Back verandah pillar-

6·05
gin
·20 ·30 6·05 =6·95-·40/2- E
x·20/2-·40

1st footing 60cm

2nd f •oting '0cm
...
••.
·60 ·60 ·10
·so ·50 •3 '> eer
0'07
0·08
plinth wait 40cm
( BJ By lung & ~hurt wall
methud-
... ·40 ·40 90 0· 1 4
~
ing
cum
-

a) ~ocm wall at superstructure

Living & b d (attached) .ne
Long walls 1st footing 60cm
,,
,,
,, 2nd footing 50cm
,, plinth wall 40cm
2
2
2
7·45 •(,() ·20
7· 15 ·50 30
7·25 ·40 •90
1·79
2·21
s·22
t
7·45=6·85 +2x •((f

3·70= -4 '30-2 X "60/2

Short walls 1st footing 60cm 3 3·70 ·(.0 ·20 !·33
,, ., 2nd footing :,ocm 3 -80 ·so ·. o 1·11
., ., plinth wall -.Ocm 3 3·90 ·40 ·90 4·21
Kitche·, & b,;:d (attached)
Back & fr.)[lt as long-short s·so = s·so+ ·60/ 2-
1st footing 60..:m 1, 5•8'\ 60 ·20 I· 39 ·60/ 2
2nd fo0ting 50cm 2 S·dO ·so ·3l) 1•7
plinth wall ~O..:m 2 s·80 · ... o •90 4•17
Comm:>n and K1tch(!n sirl.! sh,Jr
1st f.JJli11g \.Ocm 2 3•2() ·fr ) ·2 i 0·11
2nd fJ.:>Ling 50cm , 3•30 · o ·31) o·99
ph11th w.i.11 40cm 2 3·-.0 ·4U 90 2·45
c.o. 27·98

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136 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

L. B. H. Qu. 1
Total Explanatory notes
Ite" De~cription No. m m
Ill
No.
27·98
B.F.
Bed room portion with front
verandah as long-short l 50= 1·50+·60/2
1st footing 60cm 1· sc ·60 ·20 0 18
1·sr ·5( 3( (r23 -·60/2
2nd footing 50cm Total length of 60
plinth wall 40cm 1·so 40 ·90 0·54
cm layer after
adding=45·50
(b) 20 cm wall at superstructure which is same as
Bath and W.C. -- in method (A) (a)
Back as long wall
Ist footing 30cm ,no ·.10 ·20 ()"25

ww plinth wall 20cm

Front a~ long-~hort wall
1st footing 30cm
➔- I( ·20 ·xo 0 65

w.E
(i} bottonm portion
(ii) top poruon
plinth wall 20cm
-,·xs
3·•>(·30 · 10
3"85 ·20 "80
30 ·JO 0· 12
012
0 6~
3·s~=3·9s+·30/2
-·S0/2
3·90= 3-95 + ·30/2

plinth wall 2Ucm asy

Sides of W.C. a~ ~hort wall
l st footing 30cm 1·sn 30 20
·so
()·]8
- ·40/2
3'85=3"95+·20/2
-·40/2

En I 6· ·20 0·51
Portion of bath sides as sh rot
l st footing 30cm 3Sc:·75-·30/2-
(i) bottom portion
( i1) top poruon
·..JO gin
·3'i · 30
30
0·01
o·o,
,50/2
4t;=·75-·30/2-
plinth wall 20rn1

Front verandah-
•-15 20
eer 0·07 40/2
'45= 75-·2J/2-

ing
·40/2
Right side as long-short wall
1st footing 30cm
(i) bottom portion
(ii) top portion
1·95 . IO 0·06 .ne
95=2·05+'30/2

t
2 f'O . j(l
0 06 -·S0/2
plinth wall 20cm l ·95 '80 0'31
Left side as long-short wall
1st footing 30cm
(ii bottom portion ·45 30 I ·H, O·Ol 45='55+·30/2-
(ii) top portion ·so · 30 ! ·10 0·02 50/2
plinth wall 20cm ·-15 ·20 ·so I 0·07
:c) Verandah dwarf wall-
Front verandah- 2'00=2' 20-2 X
Front as short 200 ·20 ·llO 0-~2 20/2
Back verandah 4·05 '80 0' 32 ·o5 =4·75-·40/2
-·30/2-·40
(d) Back verandah pillar-
l st footing 60cm '60 '60 ·20 007
2nd footing 50cm ·so ·so ·30 o·,'8
plinth wall 40cm ·40 ·40 ·90 014
333

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 137

Building 6 continued

B. H. Qu.1 Total I Explanatory

N~I
=r-Description
1 m m \ notes

4. 2·s cm tblck Damp proof D.P .C. may be

coune laid to the full
widt h of the
(A) By centre /i,a• method- plin th or of the
sup erstructure
1 46·40 ·30 - 13'92 ass pecified in
(a) 30 cm walls at superst.
- 2"84 the drawing.
I (b) 20 cm wall~ at superst. l
l
14'20
·30
·20
·3() - - ·u9
- - --
ww
(c) Back verandah pillar

---
10"8)
14'20=15·00-
4x ·30/2-2x

I w.E I
De••cdon for-
Door openings D
D1
D,
2
3
1
1·00
"':15
·ss
·JO
·30
·3u -
'60
·8s
·2s
20/ 2

II asy Da 2 '8 j ·20 - ·34

2 ·04 14'81
sq m

E
: ( .4) By L and S wall method-

(a) 30 cm walls at superst.

ng
ine
Living & b~d 1attached ,- 7· 15=6·85+2 X
Long walls. 2 7-1 .:, ·JO 10
Short walls 3 4-00 ·3u ~

~·lJ/}=4·30-2 X
Kitchen & bed (attached)-
Back & front as long-short 2 5'80 ·30
eri
Common & kitchen side
short 2 3•50 ·30
ng
.ne
Bed room portion with
front verandah long-short

(b) 20 cm walls at superst.

Bath and W.C.-
Back as long wall
Froat as long-short
4· IO
3"90 1
·20
·20
3 90=3·95+
20/2-' 30/l.
·50='75-· 20/2
-·30/2
t
Side of W. C. as short 2 l ' 6L· • .<.0 2·00=2·os+
Portion of bath side short ·so ·20 ' 20/2-'30/2

Front verandah-
Right side as long-short l 2·00 ·20
Left side as long-shon 1 ·so ·20
T.L. 14·20 ~ - - -
(c) Back verandah pillar 1 "30 ·JU

DedllCtioD for-
Door openings same as by .:entre line method'"'"
.1.·04 -ve
, -i4·g1 sq m

18

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138 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

I
~==~.1,____o_e_s_c_ri_p_tio_n_ _ _ _ll_N_o_.r_;__· _I !· I!·
s. 1st. claas brickwork in mper-
atrueture Io cement mortar
Qu.

-
Total /Explanatory notei

(B) By centre line method

(a) 30 cm walls ... 1 46·40 · 30 3 40 47•33
tb) 20 cm walls ... I 14"20 ·20 2·50 7•JO
(cJ Back_ verandah ...
sq.pillar I ·30 ·30 2'50 ·22

ww
(d) Parapet walls-
(i) Over main walls of 30 cm
Back and front out to out

w.E 10·40 ·20

2 1·00
Sides in to in ... 2 is·75 ·20 l'OO
(ii) Over 20 cm walls-
Right hand side
Left hand side asy
Front verandah front ...
...
...
I
l
2 00 ·20
2·uo ·20
-~o
1·00
J•OO
2·00 is into in
Back verandah
.Hack of bath and W.C.
...
En
1
l
1
·5 ,J
4•50 ·20
·20
1·00
1·00
J·OO=l·2+1·6 +
·20

gin
Out~idc of W. C. ... 3•00 1·00 2·00:: I·6+2x ·2c
Front of W.C. ... 1 2·00 ·..::o 1·00
Portion of bath of kitchen l 1·20 ·20 t·OO
1 ·70
54•20
·20
·20
eer
t·OO
l'O() hJ"84
Deduction for-

Door openings, D 1·00 ·3,J

in.. g
D,
D,
2
3
I
·95 ·Jv
'85 ·30
2 00
2 00
2·00
1·20
1·11
·SI
(-ve)

.
., .ne
Window openings,
Ds
w
W1
WI
2
3
2
·ss ·20
1·so
1·20
·JO
·30
2 00
t ·50
1·50
·68

2·43
1"08
.,
,,
t
Wa
2 ·90 ·JO J·SO ·81 ,,
Grill openings, G
2 ·60 ·20 ·60 '14 ,.
I 1·20 •JO 1·00 ·36 ,.
Lintel in main w:ill (cont.) ·Jo
in 20 cm walls-
1 46·40 ·!5 2•09 ,,
" 20 cm bearin g
Over doors, D, considered
,. windows W, 2
2
1·25 ·20 ·is ·os ,,
1-00 ·20 ·15 ,, 4•90-4'50 (as

,,
,. grill opening,G

.
Verndah opening front
back
1
I
1
)•60 ·20
2·-.0 '20
4•90 ·20
-·~
•15
·IS
"06
·os
·01
•15
,.••
calculated firs t)+
\2 x ·20
---~-·-
..
-- 54:~7 cum
Note-By L and S wall method the length for brickwork in superstructure is same
as t4at worked out for O.P.C, only the height of w31J ~ball t,e pqt ill the beilht column.
.-
-
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ESTIMATE OF BtJll..DINGS 13!)

ABSTRACT OF QUANTITES { BUILDING 6 )
I. Earthwork in excavation in foundation 45·43 cum
2. Lime concrete in foundation 8·93 cum
3. 1st. class brickwork in cement motar ( 1 : 4 ) in foundation and plinth 33·23 cum
4. 2·5 cm thick: damp proof course 14·81 cum
s. 1st. class brickwork in cement motar ( I : 6 ) in superstructure 54·07 cum

3-7 Balldlna-7. From the drawing of a Residence as shown in the fig. 3-7 take
out the quantities for the following items of work : -
(1) Earthwork in excavation for foundation, (2) Concrete work in lime mortar
for foundation. (3) Coursed Rubble Stone (C. R.S.) masonry in lime mortar for foun-
dation and•basement, (4) Plain concrete with stone chips (1:2:4) for R.C.C. works.
Note :-Omit step work in the take out.

ww :110
.l
Doon:-
D, =lmx2m
w.E Da = ·9()m >1 2m
D.s=·75mx2m

---
1,L,
asy Win:fows :-
W, =l·Bmxt·lm

En
r. '-· Wi =l·Sml x ·2m
W3 =t·0mxl·2m

gin
z
--ieoc~ -!ttcilf- W4 == ·60m X t·?.m
SECTION ON AB SECTION OF WALL Ws - ·60m x •60.n

eer
JOCM THICK

ing
Wa, w
.ne
BED
l·lm 1t l"lm VER. KITCHEN VER. HiaJ<Hm
am t
1>, Hal d'laa Dz "-d·• .oa 1'1111 d"lm Di
~ - - - ~ D, ....__.::::::_::::;7iiiiiwa:J,
STUDY D1 D, OFFIC~
4mxHm DRAWING 41nxZ'Sm
l'llllxl·'-
w,
W,
PLAN
ALL WALU JOCM TJltCk
N,I. PLINTH LIB OUTalDIE THE WALLS HAS IRN OMmm,.
ICAI.I> IClt• l'IM

PIG. 3-7

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140 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Specification :~ Foundation-Concrete in lime and Coursed Rubble Stone masonry

in lime. Basement-Coursed Rubble Stone masonry in lime. Roofing-R.C.C. 12cm
thick, Doors and Window.r-C.P. wood.

(A 1 Long and short wall method- - ~Centre Hae method-

Centre to r:ent re distance : - Centre line length-
Entire continaati,e wall from Bed to Bed
Bed to Bed rooms - =2(3 l +3·2)+4·0+4X "30+2 X '30/2-JS·Jo
Drawio1 room-
E11tirc continuativc a~ Ion!! wall Long side=6·2+·30 ==6·5o
=-2(3·1 + 3·2)+4·0+4 x · 30·+2 x ·30/2= 18 · Im Short sidcs=2(3·7+·3Q)
Joints=2 ~0~·

ww
Drawla1 room---
Long wall (1 no)=6·2+·30=6·50m
Office and Stady (2 units)-
Long sides=2(4+·30)
Short side=2(2·5+·30)
==8'60

w.E
Short walls (2 nos)=3·7+'30=4·0Cm
Office aud Stady (2 units)-· Bed rooms (2 unlts)-
=5'60
Joints =4 no1

asy
Long walls as long-short (l x 2=2 nos.)
=4+·30=4·30m
Short walls (Ix 2=2nos)=2·5 +·30=2·80m
Long sidcs,;2x 2(3·7+'30)
Short sidcs=2(3· l + ·30)
=16~
==6·&)
Joints=2 x ha2 n~
En kitchen-
Bed rooms (2 anits)-
Long wall~ a~ long,-~hon (2 x 2=4 nos)
=3·7+·30=4·0m gin
Long side=(4+·30)
Short side =2(2·25+ ·30)
•4·30
=5·60
Joints-2 nos.
Short walls (Ix 2=2 rh,s)=3·J +·30=3·4m
eer
Baths (combined)
Long side=(2x 1·85+·30)+·30 =4·30
Kitchen-
Long wall (I no)-4+·30=4·3m
Short sidc-2(1·5+·30)
ing =3'60
Joints-2 nos.
Short walls (t'.nos)=2·5+·30=2·8m
Baths (combined)-
Partition =(I ·S +·30)

Long wall (l no)=(2>< 1·85+·30)+·30=4·3m! W. C. (combined)- .ne

=1"80
Joints-2 nos.

Short walls (3 nos)=l·S+·30=1·8m

W. C. (comblaed)-
Long side=(2 x 1·2+·30)+·30
Short sides=2(1·2+·30) t
Joints=2 nos
Long wall (lno}=(2x 1·2+·30)+·30=3·0m Partition- (I ·2+ ·30) =1'50
Short walls (3 nos)==l ·2+·30= 1·sm Joints=-2 nos
Venndah (2 units)-
Verandahs (J units)- Fronts of W.C. and bath
(i) Fronts of W C. and Bath as long walls
(2 nos)=3·5+·40/2=3·5m . =2(3·5+·40/2-·40/2)=7-00
Short side-=2( l '8 +•30/2-·40/2) =3"50
Short walls (2 nos)=l ·S-·80/2-·40/2
.. Joints-1x2-2nos:
=1·75m (u) F,ront o~ room actual length
(ii) Front of room (2 nos) =3 2-{(l 8+·30+1'2)-(1·8S+·30))=2·0S
Actual length=3·2-[(1'8+·30+ 1·2) Centre hnc length=2(2"0S+·30/2-·40/l)
-o·ss+·Jo 1J=2 som -400.
: . Centre to centre distance as Joints==2 nos
Short wall=(2·0s+·30/2- -~·40/2)= 2·oom Total= 111 •2oni
Number o/jolnts=12·noa.

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J,
No.

1.
Description

Earthwork ID exca,ation for

EStI.MATE OF BUILDINGS

I I
No. L.
m
B.
m
:· \ Qu.
I
I
141

Total Explanatory notes

foundation
(A) By L. & S. wall method

Bed to Bed rooms-

Entire continuative as long ... 1 }8·90 ·so 1·30 18•90=18·10+2 X
80/2
Drawing room-
Long wall ... 1 7·31) ·so 1·30 7·30=6·5'.>+2 X
2 '.1·2u '80 I' .{O ·80/2
Short walls ... 3·20-=4·00-2x

ww
Office and Study (2 units)-
Long wall as long-short ... lx2 4·30
Short wall ...
l X 2 2·00
·so
·w
t ·3o
1·30
·80/2
4·30-=4· J0+·S0/2

w.E
Bed rooms (2 units)-
Long walls as long-short ... 2x2 4•00 ·so 1·30
-'80/2
i·00=4·oo+·so12
-·80/2.

Kitchen-
Short walls
asy ... lx2 2'60 ·so 1"30
S·l0-4·3+2><
Long wall
Short walls
...
... En
I
2
S·IO ·so
2·00 ·80
l ·30
1·30
·80/2

Baths (combined) -
Long wall ... 1 gin
S·lO ·80 1"30
Short walls ... 2 1·00 ·so
eer
l '30

W.C. (combined)-
Long wall
Short walls
...
...
1
3
3"80 ·so
0·70 ·so
1·30
i-30 ing
Verandahs (2 units)- .ne
(i) Fronts of W.C. & bath
Long wall
Short walls
... lx2 4"30 ·so
... lx2 0·95 ·so
l ·30
1•30 t
\ii) Front of rooms as
Short wall ... lx2 1·20 ·so 't·lO
102"40 'ISO -r-T<f 106"50 106'50 cum
(B) By Centre line method- 1 102'40 ·80 1·30 106·50 106·50 102·40=111·20-
2. cum 22 x·80/2 .'
Co1cnte work lo lime mortar
ferf. . . .tloa {
(A) By L. & S. wall method
Bed to Bed rooms-
Entire continuative as long I 18·90 ·so ·30
Drawing rooms -
Long wall ... 1•30 ·so ·30
-- Short walls ... ~I I
3•20 ·so ·30

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142 BSTIMATING, COSTlNG AND SPECIFICATION

Jtaa
No.
Description /No./ m
L.
!· /
H.'
m I Qu. jTotal Explanatory note!

Office and study (2 units)

Long wall as Long-short ... 1 x2 4•30 ·so ·Jo
Short walls ... lx2 2·00 ·so · 30

Bedrooms (2 units)-
Long walls as Long-short ... 2x2 4·00 ·so ·JO
Short walls ... tx2 2·60 ·so ·30

Kitchen-
L')ng wall ... 1 5·10 ·so I
I ·30

ww Short w.ills
Baths (combined -
... 2 2·00 ·80 ·30

w.E
Long vrall
Short walls
...
...
I
3
s·10 ·80
1·00 ·80
·30
·30

W.C. (combined)-
Long wall
Short walls
as...y
... I 3 80 ·so I
·so,
I
·30

Verandahs (2 unitsl - En
3 0·70 I
I
I
;
·30

(i) Front of W.C. and bath-

Long wall ... lx2
... lx2
4•10
0·95 gin
·so
·so
·30
·30

eer
Short wall

(ii) Front of room-

...
short wall lx2 J·?O ·so
,2u·~u ·isu
·10
".>0 24 5lS ing
24"58 cum
(Bl B1 Centre ll11e method- 1 102'40 -~o ·30 24"58 24"58 cum
.ne
3. Cnned Rabble Stone (C.R.S.)
. . . . . , la lime mortar for
foundation and basement
(A) S, L. cl S. wall method
t
Bed to bed rooms-
Entire continuative as long
1st footing 50 cm • ...
18·60 ·so 1·ro
Plinth w.1II 40 cm ... l
1 l!S· SO ·40 "60
9•30
4·44 18"60=18·10+2
x ·SO/l
Drawing room- 1s·so-1s·10+2
Long wall- X "40/2
1st f->0ting SOcm ... 1 7 00 -so 1·00 3·50
Plinth wall 40cm ... I 6·~0 '40 ·60 J 1·6s 7·00=6•50+2 X
·S0/2
Short wall- J·so-4•00-2 x
I 1st footing SO cm ... 2 3·50 ·so 1-ool no ·\l
-
Plinth wall 40cm ... 2
- -- --
3'60 '40 0
60 I ·73
I
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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 143

building 7 continued
Jtem
No. Description !No.\ m mm
I Qu. /Total !Explanatory notes

Office and Study ( 2 units )-

Long wall as Long-short
... lx2
I
1st footing 50 cm 4·30 ·so 1·00 4·30 4·30==4"30+·50/2
Plinth wall 40cm ... lx2 4·:0 ·40 ·60 2'06 -·50/2

Short walls
1st footing 50 cm ... lx2 2·30 ·so 1·00 2·30 2·~0=2·80-2x
Plinth wall 40cm ... I x2 ,·.;o "40 '60 1·15 "50/2

ww
Bed rooms (2 units)-
Long walls as long-short

w.E
1st footing 50 cm ...
Plinth wall 40 cm ...
2x2 4·00 50
2x2 4·00 ·40
1·00
·60
s·oo
3·84
4·00==4·00+·50/2
- ·S0/2

asy
I

Short walls- I
1st footing 50 cm ...
rx:
En
1 2•90==3•40-2 X
Plinth wall 40 cm ... lx2 2 90 ·50 1·00 2"90
3·00 ·40 ·60 1·44 50/2
Kitchen-
Long wall
...
gin
1st footing 50cm
Plinth wail 40 cm ... 1
1
4·80 ·so
4·70 '40 eer
1·00
"60
2"40
1· 13
4·80=4·3+2 '<
·50/2

Short walls-
... ing
1st footing 50 cm
.l'linth wail 40 cm ... 2
2
2·30 ·SO
2•40 40
1·00
'60
2·30
1'15 .ne
2·30=2•80-2 X
·S0/1.
Baths ( combined )-
Long walls
1st footing 50 cm
l'linth wail 40 cm
...
... l 4·80 50 1·00 2"40 U0=4·30+2x
t
1 4"70 4U ·60 1•13 50/2
Short walls
1st footing 50 cm ... 1·30 ·so l·00 1•95
Plintll waH 40 cm ... 3
3 J·40 '40 ·60 t·0I t ·30== 1·so-2 x
'0/2
W. C. (combined)-
I
Long walls
1st footing 50 cm ... 1 3·50 "5') 1·00 1•75 3·S0=3·0) +2 x
t>linth wall 40 cm ... l 3•40 40 ·60 o·is2 50/2

Short walls
1st footing SO cm
Plinth wall,.. .40 cm
, . ____ ,_
...
...
3
3
1·00 so
1• I 0 ·40
I 1·00
·60
t·SO
0·79
t·OO==l·S0-2 x
~_ ............
·S0/2
.. ·-. .. . --- -~ T'" ••
. ' '" •'

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144 .eSTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

~- I Qu.1 Total! Explanatory notes

Description

I
-
Verandahs (2 units) /
li) Front of W. C. and bath

Lon~ walls-
Its footing SO cm 1 x 2 4·00 ·so 1·oo 4•00 4·00=3·S0+2 x
Plinth wall 40cm lx2 390 ·40 ·60 t·87 ·50/2

Short walls- l ·2S= l 75-2 x ·S0/2

0

1st footing 50 cm 1x2 1·2s ·so 1·00 1·2s

Plinth wall 40 cm IX2 l "35 ·40 ·60 0"65

ww
(ii) Front of room as-
I
w.E
Short wall-
1st footing SO cm
l>linth wall 40 cm
IX2
lX~
1'50
1·60
·so
·40
1·00
·60
1·50
o·n /g ·~ti t·S0=2·0o-2 x•50/2

asy cum

(B) By c1n1r, lln, mtlhod-

lst footing SO cm
En
1 105"70 ·SO 1·00 52"85 105·70= 111·20-

Plinth wall 40 cm I i(l6·80

gin
"40 ·60 25·63
78·48
·so x22
I06•g0-=ll1·2-
•40 X 22

4.
Plat■ IOIICINle with ■tone
chips 11: lo: 4) {or k. c. C. eer cum I
Wllltr.l UI roof&u&•
VJ from front of Drawing ing 18'1=2(3'1+3·2)+
room to Verandah anu
.Bed to bed rooms enure
from as a rccumgle tcovt:r .ne
4·0+4 x·30+2x ·15
(bearings)
6·80-3·7 +2·8+ '30+
mg the olfset spaces nrstJ
(ii) Back portion t Verandah
ballls .ind W. l.. 'SJ ... 18" 10 6"80 .12 14·77
·15-·15
t
3-'.~=3·3+·1s-·1s
(iii) Portions left out O\er 6"6=2(1·8+1·2)+3
back part of bed rooms ... ·12 2"61 x·30-2x ·15
Dedactlon for 0 ffset spaces
tas considered before) 2 1·20 3"40 ·12 0·98 t·20=3·7-2·S+·l5
+·15

(a) Fronts of Bed rooms 2 3·0 4·0 · 12 2·88-ve 3•0-t8•1-f2X4·0

+6·2+2)C30+2x
(b) Fronts of Study and
4·3
·ts
llffice ... 2 ·12 1"24-ve 4·0=3•7+2 x·IS
14"24
I cum

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 145

3-8. A Modem Batldiq-Fig. 3-8 shows the plan and sections of a modern building.
Estimate the quantities of the following items of work :--
(1) ~arthwork in excavati?n for f~undation trenches, (2) ~ement c_oncrete ( t :3:6)
in foundation, (3) 1st. class bnckwork m cement mortar (1 : 4) m foundation and plinth.
(4) Sand filling in plinth, (5) 2 cm thick damp proof cou rsc in cement concrete (1 :2:4) and
(6) 1st. class brickwork in cement mortar (1:6) for superstructure walls (N.B. Neglect
steps).
(A) Centre line Method:- (B) Long and Short wall method-
Centr, line length- Centre to centr, dlatan e1-
(l) For main Walls :- (I) For main walls :
Guest room with latrine Guest room with latrine :
=2[(4·6O+·4O)+(4+·4OJ} =18·80 m ...ong walls=(3+·IO+ 1·5>+·40 =5 0 m

ww
Bed room 4m x 4m with latrine blocks
=2[(7·4o+·4)+(4+·40)1 =24·40 m
Short walls=4+·4O =4'40 m
Beel room 4m x 4m with latrine blocks :

Bed w.E
Back of staircase wall
='2·5+·40) Joint=2nos.
room 4mx4·Sm (three sides)
=2·90 m
Long walls=(4 +·10+ 1·2+ 10+2·0)+·40

Short walls=4+·4O · ...

=7·8 m
=4·40 m

asy
=(4+·40J+2(4·S+·4O) Joint-2nos.=14·2Om
Drawing and dining room-
Staircase:-
Bed room 4m x 4·5m :-
(a) Portion with front verandah
=(l·9+·10-•ffl+•\O) Joint=lno. =1·9Sm En Back & front Short walls=4·5+·4O=4·9O rn
Side as long wall=4+·4o =4·40 m
(b) Back & Front=2(4·S+·4O)
Joint- I no.
=9·80 m
gin
Drawing and dining room:-
Portion with front verandah as
fc) Side with garagc=S-5+·4O
Garage (three sides)
=5·90 m
eer
Long-short=(l· 9 +·IO)- 0+ =1·95 m
=(5·95-•0;+•4iio1+2(3+·SO)
Joint=2nos.
Kitchen & Pantrv combined (3 sides
=12·90 m
ing
Side with garage Long wall=S·5+·4O=S·9O 111
Back and front Short walls=4·S+·4O=4 90 m
= 2(3+·40)+(2·5+·10+2·0+·40) =11·80 m
Joint=2nos.
Garase :-
.ne
Back and front Short walls=3·O+·SO=3·SOm

Number ofjoints= IO nos.

(ll) For dwarf' walls-
Front verandah-
Total=I02·65 m Side as Long wall=S ·95-•.r.,u+·\0 -
Kitchen and Pantry
Long wall-=(2 5+·10+2·0)+·40
t
5"9Om

Front=(I ·9+ · to-· \0 + •\O =2·1 m Short sides as Short walls=3+·4O =3"4Om
Joint= lno. ( ii) For dwarf walls :
Side=(2'0-·\0 +·4,0 ) Joint=lno. =2·1 m Front Terandab :-
Hack verandah=-(3·45+·50) . Step side as
Joint-==2nos. ___= 3·95 m °
Long-short=(l·9+·1O)-•t2 +·4,0 =2·10 m
Tolal=B·J5 m Front side as short=2·O+·v- ·•\O -2'10m
Number ofjolnt1=4nos. with main wall. Back verandah u :-
(lii} Por Toe walls !of stairs)- Short wall=3·4S+·SO
Main stair-(1·25+·•,..o, Joint==lno =1·45 m -=3·9s m
At garagez:(·60+•4lJ Joint=lno. =·80 m (iii) For Toe wall, (of stairs) :-
Total -2·25 m Mala Uair Short one cnd=1·2s+·•.o-1·45m
Nurrb,r ofJol11ts, =2 nos. At 1arage Short one end= ·60 + "'," = ·som
19

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146 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

,· Doors:- ···,
D, = 1·21u x2m
Da •·90m x2m
D,=·75mxlm

Windows:-
W =2mxt·5m
~ W, -1·8mxl·Sm
Wa =1·5mx1·5m

ww W3 -1· mxt·sm
W4 -1·omx 1·2m
CW='75mx ·60m

w.E ~ =1mxl·5m
SW =(·,r~m :,c Jm
3 ·,•llll)

asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

SE.C. OF R.c.c. PILLER

.-·r
"Cc,ON ~
,..."201Yl

•4sm.w, .t. ·ism

r T-i·-4,,.r

ll'IC. 3-8

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 147

,,..

·•W•r•• • r. .t.&LAa

r ..t
~ +·-
I

ww
w.E SCALE: lcm=l·Sm

-- asy
ltcmj Description I En
No./ L,
B, H. \Qu. ITotal Explanatory
No.

1. Earthwork i11 excavation

- I m
gin
m m notes

97"65 = 102"65
for foundation tteoches
(.4) By Centre line method-I eer -10 X l 0/2
6·15=8"15-4
(i) For main wall
(ii) For dwarf walls
(iii) For T0..: w,dh
1 97"65
1 6· IS
1·2s
1·00
·40
·60
l·00
·45
·so
97·65
1·11
o·3s ing X l ·0/2

1·2s-2·2s-2

.ne
I
(iv) For column footing 1 1'50 1·so l ·00 2·2s X l '0/2

Less garage front

(B) By L. & S. wall method-

(i) For main vralls-
2·so 1·00 1·00 2·so (-ve)
-9lF89.
cum t
2"5=3·S-2x 1.,,.•

Guest room with latrine

Long walls 2 6·('0 1·00 1·00
Short walls 3·40 l·OO 1·00
6·00=S·0+2x
2 j X l•O
Bed room 4m x 4m with
laLrines
Long walls 8'80 1·00 1·00

~I
Short walls 3'40 l ·00 1·00 3·40=4·40-2
Staircase back as Xi X l·O
Short wall 1·90 l·00 1·00
Bed room 4mx4·Sm
Back and front as
Short walls 2 3·90 1·00 t ·oo
Side as Long wall 1 5·40 1·00 1·00
c.o. 58'30

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148 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

ltemj
No
Description !No./ !;· I! I ~- I Qu. !Total I Exp~~~,tor,

B.F. -;~.3~r-
Drawing and dini11g room--
Portion with front vcran. J-95-=1·95+
Lon11-~hort ... I 1·95 J·00 1·00 1·012-1·0,2
Side with garaf,!c as
Long wall ... 1 6'90 1·00 1·00
Back and front as
Short walls ... 2 3·90 1·00 1·00
Garage-

ww Back as Short
Side as Long
Kitd1cn and Pantry --
...... I
1
2•50
6'90
1·00
1·00
J·00
1·00

w.E
Long wall
Short walls
...
... \ 2
)

f ~L
6'00
2"40
1·00
1 00
l·()u
1-00
95-15 J-00 -1-00 95·15
(ii) For dwarf walls-
Front verandah
a...sy
Step side as long ~hort ) 1·80 ·40 ·45
f ·lW=2' 10-!--

En
·40/2- l·0/2
Front side as Short 1 1·40 '40 ·45 1·40=2·10-
Back verandah as
... 40/2-1 0/2
Short wall

(iii) For Toe walls-

I
T.L
I
6"15
2•95
gin
'40
'40
·45
-,45° 1·11 2 95 = 3'95-2 X

Main stair as
Short one end I 0·95 '60 eer
·50
I 0/2
l ·0/2
0°95.=.1'45-
Garage stair as
Short one \end 1
T.L. -i-:w
30 '60
--60 ~
·so
0·38 ing 0 30='88-

2.
(iv) For column of sq. footing
Lime concrete in foundation
I 1·so 1 50 l·OO
- ·25
-f<fl 39
.ne
l 0/2

(A) By Centre line method-

(i) For main walls-
Iii) For dwarf walls
(iii) For Toe walls
1iv) Partition of Kitch en &
...
...
...
]
I
1
95·15
6·95
1·65
1·00
·40
·60
"30 28"54
•15
·20
0·42
0 19
cum
6"95=8·15-
4 X 60/2
concrete meets
t
Pantry
Less garage front
1

1
2·90

2 50
'30

1·0J ·30
-0•75
·20 0 17

-(ve)
with 60cm layer
of brickwork
1·65=2·25-2
(B) B1 L. & S. wQl/ mtthod 29·•2f
(i) For main walls- x·60/2
cum
Guest room with latrine
Long walls
Short walls
...... 2 6"00 1·00
l·OO
·30
2 3-40 ·30
Bed room 4m x 4m with lats.
Long walls
Short walls
Staircase back as
...... 2
2
8·80
3-40
1·00
1·00
·30
·30
Short wa.11
C. 0. ...... 1 1•90 1·00 1
·30 I I

4s•1o 1
I I

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 149

Modern Building 9 continued

Item
No.
Description No.
I
j L.
m I:· I H.
m I Qu. \ Total I Explanatory
notes

8. F. 45·10
Bed room 4mx4·5m
Back and front as
Short walls ... 2 3•90 1·00 '30 I
Side as Long wall ... 1 5"40 l ·00 ·30 I
i
Drawing and dining room-
Portion with frort verandah
Long-short ... 1 1·95 : 1·00 ·30
Side with garage as I \
ww Long wall
Back and front as
Short walls
...
...
1

2
6"90 i 1·00
3·90 : 1·00
·30

·30

Garage- w.E
Back as Short .. . 1 2·so
!

t·00 ·30
Side as Long
as......y 1 6"90 l·OO ·30

Kitchen and Pantry-

Long wall
Short walls ...
1
2En 6·90
2·40
1·00
l·00
·30
"30

(ii) For dwarf walls : -

1T.L. 95· J5
gin 1'00 - :30 28"55 I

Fmnt verandah-
Step side as long short ...
...
1 2·00
]·60
·40
·40 eer
·15
·] s
2·00=2·10+ · 4t
_.s-g.
o

ing
Front side as Short l '1"60=2'10-· 9.,' '
3-35 ·40 · 15 _.e ,;
Back verandah as Short wall 1 ~ .
T.L. --6·95 ·40 ----=Ts 0·42
(iii) For Toe walls-
Main stair as Short one-end 1 ·60
I' 15
·so ·60
·20
·20 .ne
3·35=3·9S-2
x•II.-°
Garage stair as Short one mj

(iv) Partition of Kitchen

&Pantry
3, Flnt clasa brlck"ork lo cemeol
1
T.L. - 1·65 -·60
1
-
2'90 ·30
---:w-
·20
0·19

0·17 ·S0= ·80-·\0

t
1·1S= 1·45-·~,t

30·08
mortar (1:4J in foandatlen and cum
plinth 99· 15 = 102·65
(A) By Centre Ltne Method- -10x70/2
(i) For main walls-
1st footing 70 cm
2nd footing 60 cm
...... 1 99•15
1 99·65
·10
·60
·20 13·88
·20 I 1·96
3rd footing 50 cm ... 1 f00·J5' ·51 ·PO 45·07
t•75=2·25-2
(ii) For dwarf walls- ... 1 7·15 ·20 ·90 1·29 x ·S0/2
40 cm and 30cm
footings meet
(iii) For Toe walls- with the 50cm ol
......
1st footing 40cm 1 1·75 ·40 ·30 0·21
·30 ·60 0·32 main wall,
2nd footing 30cm 1 1·1s ·
c.o. ... 72-73

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150 ESTIMATING, COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

Item/
No. Description /No./ L.
m I!· H.
m I Qu. jrotal \ Explanatory
notes

B. F. ... 172•73
Deduction for garage
1st fo,>ting 90 cm ... I 2'80 ·70 ·20 ·39
2nd footing 60 cm ... I 2·90 ·60 ·20 ·35
Front plinth wall ... I 3 OU ·so ·90
--t ·35 (-ve)
(B) By L. & S. wall met hod 70 64
l) For main walls- cum
Guest room with latrine
Long walls-
l st footing 70 cm ... 2 5 70 ·70 ·20 1"60 5·70=5·0+2

ww 2nd footing 60 cm
3rd footing 50 cm
Short walls-
...
...
2
2
5'60
s·so
'61)
·so
·20
'90
1·34
4•95
x· •ll70

w.E ......
I st footing 70 cm
2nd footing 60 c:n
3rd footing 50 cm
... 2
2
2
3'70
3'80
3"90
·10
·60
·so
·20
·20
·90
1·04
0"91
3·5 l
3·7
x· 0=4
TO
1.,;
40-2 '
\\

asy
Bed room 4m x 4111 with
latrines
Long walls-
1st f,,oting 70 cm •
2nd footing 60 cm
E ...
...
2
2
8·so
8'40 ng '70
·60
·20
·20
2'38
2 02
s·s
'( .
3rd footing 50 cm
Short w:ills-
...
...
2 8'30 ·so
ine
'90 7•47
1st footing 70 cm
2nd footing 60 cm ... 2
2
3"70
3'80
·70
·60
·20
·20
eri
t·04
0·91
J·
x·
3rd footing 50 cm
Staircase back as
... 2 3·90 ·SO '90 3'51
ng
Short wall-
1st footing 70 cm
2nd footina 60 cm
...... 1 2·20 ·70 ·20 0 31
x· 702• .ne
2·2o-2•90-2

t
1 2'30 '60 ·20 0·28
3rd footing 5•) cm ... 1 2·40 ·so ·90 1·08
Bed room 4111 x4·5m -
Back and front as
Short waif~-
1st footing 70 cm ... 2 4·20 ·70 ·20 l ·18 4'20-4·90-2
2nd footing 60 cm ... 2 4'30 ·60 ·20 1•03 x· ,oI
3rd footing 50 cm
Side as Long wall
... 2 4'40 ·SO '90 3"96
1st footing 70 cm ... 1 5 10 ·70 ·20 0·11 5·1 0=4'40+2
2nd footing 60 cm · ...
3rd footing SO cm
Drawing and dining room
...
1
1
s·oo
4·90
'60
·so
·20
'90 o 60
2·21 I x· 10
•
Portion with front verandah
Long-short-
1st fo"ting 70 cm ... 1 1·95 ·70 ·20 0·27 1'9
2nd footing 60 cm
3rd footing SO cm ... '
••• I
1
l
1·95
1·95
·60
·so
·20
·90
0·23
o·ss
.7,0

--
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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 151

Modern Building continued

Description jNo. \ ;; I! I!· I I Qu. Total !Explanatory notes

Side with garage as

Long wall
I st footing 70 cm ... 1 6"60 ·10 ·20 0·92 6•60=5•90+2 X
2nd footing 60 cm ... 1 6·50 ·60 ·20 0"78 ·70/2
3rd footing 50cm ... 1 6·40 ·50 ·90 2"88

Back as Short
1st footing 70 cm ... 2 4'20 ·70 ·20 1· 18
4"20=4 90-2 X
2nd footing 60 cm ... 2 4·30 ·60 ·20 l 03 ·70/2
...
ww 3rd footing 50 cm

-
2 4·40 ·so •9l) 3 96

Garage-
w.E ......
Back Short as
Jst footing 70 cm 1 2·80 ·10 ·20 0·39
2'80=3•50-2 X
·70/2

a......sy
2nd footing M) cm
3rd footing 50 cm
Side as Long wall
]
1
2·90
3·00
·60 ·20
·so ·90
0·35
l ·35

1st footing 70 cm
...
2nd footing 60 cm
3rd footing 50 cm
E ...
1
1
1
6·60

ng
6·50
6·60
·10 ·20
·60 ·20
·so •90
0·92
0'78
2"88
6 6')-5 90+2x
·10/2

Kitchen and Pantry-

Outside as Long wall-
... I ine I
·70 ·20 0·80
1st footing 70 cm
2nd footing 60 cm ...
...
1
1
5·70
5·60 "60 ·20
·so '90 eri 0'67
2·47
5·70=5·00+2x
·1012

ng
3rd footing 50 cm 5·50
Short walls-
... 2 '70 ·20 o·76

.ne
I st footing 70 cm 2·10 2"70=3'40-2X
2nd footing 60 cm ... 2 •2·80 ·60 ·20 0 67 ·70/2
3rd footing 50 cm ... 2 2·90 ·so •!JO 2 61 .
(ii) For dwarf walls-
Front verandah
Step side as Lon!!-short
Fr..>nt side as Short
]
1
1·95
1·75
·20 '90
·20 •90
0·35
0•32 I l '95=2·10+ ·2012
-·S0/2
t
Back verandah side as
Short wall ... 1 3·45 ·20 ·90 0·62 l 1·75=2·10-·2012
-·5U/2

(iii) For Toe walls-

Main stair as short one end
......
1st footing 40 cm 1 1·20 '40 '30 0·14
2nd footing 40 cm 1 1·20 ·30 '60 0·22 l ·20= I '45 -·50/2
Garage stair as short 40cm and 30cm
one end footings of toe
1st footing 40 cm ... 1 0·55 '40 ·30 0·07
wall meet with
2nd footing 30 cm ... I 0·55 ·30 "60 o·lO 50cm footing of
main wall
- - 70·64
I cum

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152 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

I! \:·I
I Explanatory
Item! Description INo. j L. Qu. lrotal notes
No.I m

4. Sand fllllug in Plinth 7·37

Guest room with ht rine 1 3"90 4'50 ·42 '42= 60-'08
Main stair hall w11h portion (L.C.)-·10
1 4'40 2'40 ·42 4-44 (brick flat)
(of 5cm) of verandah
Bed room 4m x 4m with lats. 1 7•30 3·90 '42 l l '96 4'40=(4'0+·40
l 3·90 4·40 ·42 7•21 +·05)-·0S (for
Bed room 4m x 4·Sm
Drawing and <lining room l 5'40 4·40 ·42 9'98 une side offset)
Kitchen and Pantry I 4·50 2"90 '42 5•45
Back verandah l 6"85 2·75 ·42 5·91 6·85=(3·4s+·os
Front verandah l 1·75 l ·75 '42 1·29 +·40+3·0)-·os

ww Deduction for
Toe wall of main stair 1 1·25 ·Jo ·42 0·16 (-vc)
53-45
w.E
5. Zcm thick Damp Proof Course
(Al By centre 1ine method -
(i) ror main walls only 1 100"65 •40 40·26
cum
100·65=102 65
Deduction for-
Garage front asy l
7
8"10
1·20
"40
'40
1·24
3"36
-IO X'40/2

En
Do,)I' opcnings, 01
D2 2 '90 '40 o·n
" D~ 2 ·75 ·40 0·60

(8) By L. & S. wal I method- gin 34 34

cum
(i) F(1r main walls only
Uucst room with latrmc
Long walls 2 5"40 ·40 eer
Short walls
Bed room 4m x 4m with lats.
2 4•00 '40

·40 ing S·40=5'0+2x

'40/2

.ne
Long walls 2 8"20
4·00 ·40 8·20-=7 8+2
Short walls 2
1 2·so '·40 X '40/2
Staircase back as Short w;ij
Bed room 4m x 4·Sm-
Back and front as
Short walls
Side as Long wal I •••
2
l
4•50
4·80
'40
'40
2·50=2'90-2
X "40/2

4'50=4·90-2
t
X '40/2
Drawing and dining room--
Portion with front wran.
Long.-shorl l ·95 '40
Side with garage as
Long wall 1 6·30 '40 6"30•5·90+2
X ·60/2
Back and front
Short wall 2 4·50 '40
Garage-Short walls 2 3'10 ·40
Side as Long. wall 1 6·30 ·40
Kitchen and pantry
Long wall I 5·40 ·40
2
Short walls
c.o.
3·oo
100'65 7or=- 261
•40, _
40

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDlNGS 153

Modern Bwldiog continued

~----D_c_s_c_ri_p-ti-on_ _ _ ___,/.-No. / ~ _____:_·_I--~--__o_u_.1T,_0_1_a1_-.-E_x_p_~-~~_:_sto-ry

C. 0. 40 26
Declactlo■ for-
Door sills D1 7 I ·20 ·40 3·36
,. ,. o. 2 90 ·40 0·72
,. ., Da 2 ·7, ·40 o·w
Garage front I 3·10 ·40 1·24
34·34
1st clus brickwork lo sq m
cement motar tl:6) for
aapentractare walli

ww
(i) For mainwalls-
(A) By Centre line method- 100·(15 ·40 3·40 136·88
Deductions for
front opening
of garage &

w.E
(B) By L. & S. wall method

Guest room with latrine •

others are at
end.

asy
Long walls 2 5 40 ·4'1 3·40
Short walls 2 4 ·t,0 ·40 3"40
Bed 4m x 4m with latrines Lengths arc
Long walls
Short walls
2
2
En8 20
4·t:O
2·50
·40
·40
·40
3·40
3 40
3'40
same as in item
no. 5
Staircase back as Short wall
Bed room 4mx4·5m
Back and front as gin
Short walls
Side as Long wall
Drawing and dinino room
.•.
2
l
4·50
4"80
"40
·40
3 40
3·40
eer
portion with front ~erandah
Long-short I 95 ·40 ing
Side with garage as
Long wall
Back and front as
6·30 ·40
.ne
Short walls
Garage-Short walls
Side as Long wall
Kitchen and pantry -
...
2
I 21
4·50
3.10
6.30
·40
·40
·40
3·40
3·40
3"40
t
Long Wall I S·40 •.io J·<i0
Short walls 2 1-0'1 ·40 1· 40
i"T foo·o:, ,,o .1•40 uo·88
(ii) Parapet wall (for both
methods)
(a) Right side (in to in)- 6·1s-(2·0+·40
Front to l st stair wall 6"75 ·30 ·90 I 82
7-55 •30 ·90 2•04 +4·6+·05)-·30
I 2nd stair wall to back
I
I (b) Extreme back, out to out. .. 9 ·70 ·30 ·90

P(: =S·45-·0S
Back of kitchen & pantry, S· 10
out to out s-10 ·:-o
B. F. 145·04 +· 3o

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154 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item Explanatory
No Description No. L. B H Qu. rota!
m m m notes

B. F. 145 04
1d) Front par, of b~d r.Jom
of 4m x 4·5m out to out .•• 2"20 '30 ·90 2'20=-1·93-1
•59
(e) Lefc side, (in to in)- +·:
Ga rage and kitchen 9·10 ·30 ·90 2·46
Side of back verand1h ... 3·45 ·30 ·90 0·93
Side of room 4m x,. ·sm .•. 4'20 ·JO ·9J 9·10=9'80.
l · I3 2(•J5+·L,

ww (iii) For stair room (for both

methods)-
Sides 4,35 ·:O 2·511 6·~3
3'45=3"J5+1
x·u

w.E. Back
Dedoclloo for -
1a, Door openings, D 1
o.
3'20

1·70
·30

·40
::so 2·~0

20 6 72(- vc)
i·35=(4 O+·,
-·so
no-2·s+
2("05+·31J,
..
asy ,." o.
(b) Window openings, W
,. ,,
·9()
·75
2·0
0
'40
40
·40
2·0 1·44
2·0 1·20 "
) ·5 2 40

" ,,•• En
W1 •••
w•...
w. ...
I '8
I ·s
'41)
'40
I ·5 3'24
1·5 3'60 ..
gin
1·0 ·40 t ·O 2'40
. .. w~ ... IO '40 1·2 3·Ra
(c) Clerestory window. cw ... ·75 •4u '60 1·0< "
(d) Garage front opening
(el Shelve openings, S
(fl Staircase opening Sw
3'111
I 00
eer •40
·JO
1•40 ) ·7-i
1·00 2 40
1·40=2 O-·!
'.e from P.LJ
In 4'l cm wall
In 30 cm wall
(g) Lintel
6 ()
'60
·,t(l
·40 ing
2·00
1·110
0·48
0·24
roof of gara

.. ne
100 65 ·40 ·IS 6·05 For method !
(h) For bearing of garage I00'65 is tht-
roof in wall- total length

7.
Long sides (out to out)
Back lin to in)
10cm thick brickwork
ID party walls
methods,-
(fJr both
6"10
3'10
·20
·20
·20
•2(1
0·49
0·12
"
'2i·-64
t
form item , ·

Bearing of r
is consider
cum 20 cm.
Guest room Long side
2'50 2·75 6 88
Short sije
Bed rooms latrines I ·SO 2"75 ..-u
Long sides 2'()0
Short sides 2"75 II 00
,, ..
Between kitchen & pantry
2·00
I· 211
2•75 11 00
2•75 6·6(1
J·, 0 3'40 1n•:,fl
Dedoctlon for- 41J 01
DJ.>r openings D, ·90 2·0 1'80( ve)
D, ·75 10 cm dear~
Lintels over doors D, 2·0 9·00 is C(DSider
D,
1·10 ·10 0·11 "
·95 ·10 •57 ..
11"41! ),>' Jj sqm

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 155

ABSTRACT OF QUANTITIES (Building 3-8)
SI.
!o. Description Quantity
). Earth work in excavation for foundation trenches 101·39 cum
2. Cement concrete ( I : 3 : 6) in foundation ... 30'08 cum
3. 1st class brickwork in cement mortar ll : 4) in foundation and plinth 71'83 cum
'1 . Sand filling in plinth.. ... ... .. . S3·4S cum
5. 2 cm thick damp proof course in cement concrete (l : 2 : 4) .. . 34·34 sqm
), 1st class brickw<>rk in cement mortar (l:6J for superstructure walls .. . 121 68 cum
1. ,, ,, ,, ,. 10cm thick ., ... 38·38 sqm
3-9. Esdmate from Line Piao of a Balldlag. Some times it becomes necessary to
determine quickly an approximate estimate of a building from the line plan without the
detailed drawing of the same. In sur,h cases the section of walls ari:: drawn and position

ww
of doors an~ windows are shown on the line plan. T~e es~imate in _this ca~e may be
prepared with th;: help of "Crosslna: Method'· as described m the article 2-8. In thilli
m~th ;d calculate the overall perim~ter of the walls having the same section and subtract

w.E
t'rJm this four times the thickness of wall to obtain the actual centre line length. In order
to prepue quickly an approximate einimate the length of interior walls from the
inner dimensions of rooros may simply be added with the c1 bove actual centre line length.

asy
As no deJuctions for the number of joints for the inner walls are made in the above
procedure, the estimate of works upto plinth level will be a little excess than the

En
1ccurate estimate. In case of different sections of walls the mner lengths of smaller section
walls are added separately and consider this as tht: centre line length without considering
the number of j'liuts. Note that the estimate/or all other ilem, tn the abo,e procedure

gin
rs as accurate as that of centere line or Long and Short wall method.
Esample :-Building 3-9-Estimate quickly the quantities of the following items of

eer
.vorks and also CJlculate the cost of each item separately from the line plan of a building
1s shown in fig. 3-9.

ing
1. Brick flat soling with over burnt bricks, 2. Cement concrete in foundation
:1:3:6) 3. 1st. class btickwork in cement mortar (l:4) in foundation and plinth

inortar (1 :6) in superstructure, 6. R. C. C. work in staircase, lintels, roof slab

.ne
I, Damp proof course ( 1:2:4) under superstructure walls, 5, 1st class brickwork in cement

1:2:41 excluding reinfo, cement and shuttering, 7. Shuttering for R. C. C. work in item
i, 8.Mild steel work with one percent reinforcement in R.C.C. works as in item 6, 9.
Jime concrete (2:2:7) in roof terraching, 10. 12mm cement plaster (l :6), 11. 7·5cm
hick: lime concrete floor (2:2:7) over a brick: flat, 12. 2·Scm thick I.P.C. (1:2:4) over
ime concrete.
t
~o colculat, the c111tr, li111 for main wall,-
Over all perimeter, Front+Back=2(2·2+3+4 3+ 3x ·40+ ·10)=21·60m
Sidt&=2(3+ 1·2+1 ·2+3·4+3 x·40+2 x 'l0)=20·40m
==42 UOm

1
.< Centre line length of outer walls =42'00- 4 )( '40 ='10"40m
or remaining walls (approxi. length) Living room=2t3+ 1 +0·l +)+3=11 ·20m
Back bed room 3+2·4 = S·40m
Fronts of kitchen & Dining-2·2+3+· I= -= 5·3f'm
Total length for main wall ~-<,2·3om
Centre line length for parapet walls=42 ·00-4x '20=4t·20m
Partition walls for living room= t ·~ + 1 =2·9
Walls of Toilets= 2 2+ l ·2) ==6'4
- ,to -Kitchen&Dining =2·4
Total -11 "7Dl

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156 ESTIMATING, COSTIN~ AND SPECIFICATION

Jaside walls !formed

Toilet & Partition of
~~~f~~¼--
Kltch.n and Dinl111

ww are 10cm thick

11111
w.E ,._ ~
SECTION OF TOEWAL
60 t
asy ~ .P.C~ ~

En
SECTION OF ~'\RTITION
WALL
LE,"1GfH=2 20m
w
gin
---
.. ·•·. ·-:- ..
....:·!._~
eer 8£D ROOM
4·3 X 3 WI
4-JQQ__-+ ~
ing.
SECTION OF
MAIN WALL
mo
0 DI · 02;
TOILET.ne
Jwz
- ·
--- - ·-·
WI

SCALE:- 1: 50
W2 02TOfLET
2X 1· 2
t
DOORS
o • 1·2x 2·sM
DI• fMX2M
01 . -~--
~TOILET' -
1"9XI
~--
+\-2x1·2
DI - .-
frw2
oz.- 0·1sx 2M '
WI
WINDOWS LIVING BED ROOM
3X3 3 X 3·4
W • I '8MXl'5M
WI• 1'2MXl'5M
W2111 0"6MX0'6M
OPENING _.._._ 0
O.a 1' 5MX2M I WI
I
STAIRC.ASE OPENING p ~ AN IL _ _ _ _ _ _ _JI
OV£R LINTEL 1"5MXl'2M. SC.LE;- a:IOO
ra OVER HANG.
1 RO~ HT.=2·SM FIG 3.9

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 157

Building 9 continued
-·-----------.--""T""------------------
Item
No.
Description INo. ~ \ ! I ~- Qu, ITotal
Explanatory
notes

i
I
1. Brick flat soling
Main wall-. 62·30 1·00 62·30I
Toe wall 2· 20 "60 .Jl.~I__ -·
o.H>2 j
2. Cemeat concrete in foun- sq m I
dation l
Main walls ... 1 62°30 1·00 ·30 18 69

ww Toe wall .. . I 2·20 ·60 ·20 ·20 ,..

- -i 11) _8_9
i Cll m
3.
w.E
Pint clats brickwork la
toandation and plinth
Main w.dls :-
1st fJoting
2nd footing
...
asy ...
...
1 62·30
1 62·30
·10
·60
·so
·20
·20
·90
8"70
7·47
Plinth wall
En
l 62 ' 30 2~·03

Toe wall :-
1st footing
2nd footing
...
...
1
I
2·20
2·20 gin '40
·30
·20
·9()
---
· 18
·59

4. 2·5 em thick D P.C.

Ma111 walls 1 ' 40 eer
-
'+4 'J"I
cum

ing
62·30 24·92
Parlition walls I 11 ·70 ·10 - 1· 17

Dedaetion for-
Door sills
- .ne
D I
t
I ·2 ·40 '48 (-ve)
D, 3 1·0 ·40 - 1·20 -do-
D, 2 1·() ·IO - ·20 -do-
I D1 3 ·75 ·JO -
-·
·23 -do-

5.
I Openings O
Pint ciao brickwork in
2 I ·5 ·40
- 1•2n -do-
~
sq m
..,..tnetare
(a) Main walls 1 62"30 '40 3•40 84"72
Parapet walls · I 4]·20 ·20 ·60 4°94
~
Staircase room (Mumty)
Living room side 1 4"50 ·20 J 25 2·25 4'50=3+1 ·9
+·10+·40
\ Extra ht. over parapet-
Front
Left side
...... 1
1
2·20
4·50
·20
·20
1 90
1·90
"84
1·71
1·9=2·5-'60

c. o. ~4'46
I
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1$8 BSTIMAnNG, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item
No Description !No.,~-
I B.
1m I:· I I
Qu. Total 'Explanatory notes
-
8. F. ... 94 46
0.actlou for-
Door openings
D in 50cm wall l 1·2 ·SO ·so '30 (•ve)
in 40cm wall 1 1·2 '40 2·0 ·96 l-ve)
D1 ... ... 3 1·0 ·40 2·0 2·40 (-ve)

Window openings
w 3 l ·H ·40 1·5 3'24 (-vel
W1 6 12 '40 l ·5 4·3l 1-ve)
w, 3 ·n ·40 '6 ·43 (-ve1

ww Openings 0
SLair case opening
Lintel ...
2
l
l·S
1·s
1 62·30
40
·40
'40
2·0
1·2
· 15
2'4 I (-ve)
·72 -ve1
3•74 ,_, e)
--
w.E
(b) 10cm tlllck parddoa
15-'ilS
cum

wall
a...sy I 11·70 - 3·40 39"78

Declactlon, for -
Doors D,
Lintel ...
3
l En ·75
11 · 70
-
-
2·0
·20
4•50
2•34
(-ve'
(-ve)

6 R. C. C. work escladin1 gin 1

JT-94
sq m
nlafercement and lbatterlll1
(a) For roof slab over-
eer
Front portion including
corridor but excluding
overhang
......
1 6'40 9·80 · 10 ing 6·l0=3·4+2X
1·2+2 x ·10+
·40
Overhang
Back portion-
1 3·80 1·20 ·10
.ne
9·80•2·2+3·0
+3·0+4x '40
Bed room includina
walls
Kitchen+ Dinin& ...... 1
1
3·80
~-70
1~·70
3•20
19'30
5·10 •10
·lo
-=w jiS'U2
S·10•4·3+2x
·40
5•70-2·2+3 0
+·10+·40
t
(b) Lintel for
Main walls ...... 1 62•3') ·40
·10
• 15 3·74
·23
3·20-24+2x
•40
Partition walls 1 11·10 ·20
No dedu,;tion
(c) Stair case for stair opeing
Base on Toe wall 1 1·10 ·30 ·30 • 10
Waist slab .Jf flights I 2 3"29 ·l·lO ·ts 1•09 to cover the
Landing ... l 2·20 l ·25 ·1s •41 stair roof.
Steps ...20 1·10 t x·2t '16 ·44
3·29=
(d) Sunshad ,s over ./\I 1(11)1
Wind)WS W
w·
l
w,
......... 3
6
2
2·0
1'4
·s
•4~
·45
·4,
·07
·07
·01
•191
·26
I-1-41-·53
.o· '
'i
+(2 f>OJ

l C" ...,
-

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BSTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 159

Building 9 continued

Item
No. I Description /No.! L.
m I :· I H.
m
Qu., Total I Explanatory
notes

1. Slaatterlna for- ~a me as
deduc tion
Over door opening
Windows w
fro m (4)
3 1·8 ·40
3 31
2·16
--
W1
w,
6 1·2 ·40 2·88 -
(a)
3
......
·6 ·4 ·72 -
Roof slab I 19·70 19·30 - 380·21
Edges I ·10
42·1
4•20 - 42'00 is the
Less area of main wall~ 1 62·3u ·40 -
I
(b) Lintel for main walls
24"92
-
(-ve) perimeter

ww Partition walls
(c) Stair case
2 62·30
2 l.'70 -
-
·IS
·.o
18"'19
4'68

w.E
Base on Toe wall
Waist slab uf flight
Landing
Steps rises
...
...
2
2
l
i' 10
3"29
2·20
1· 10
l ·l
1·s
-
·20
-
-·16
·44
7·34
3·30
3·29 same as in
6(c)
(d) Sunshades over
Windows W asy
•··
...
...
20
3 20 ·45 -
-4:, ·01
3"52
2·10
Edges
Windows W1
...
3
6
En2·~0
i 4 -
-·47 ·07
6·1
3•92 2·90==2·0+2 X
Edges
Windows w. ...
Edges ...
6
2
2
2·30
·s
1"74 gin
- -
·01
·97
·91
·24
45

eer 415"88
sq m
8. MIid 1teel wart with 1% re-
inforcement to concrett ... - -38'02
-
ll,U
xl-=
=
"3802 cum
ing Wt. of mild
·3802 x 78·5 !9·85 Mee) per cu m
9. 7 S em tblcl: Llmt cone. ID
nor ternelat (considering
quintal
=78 ·5q
.ne
same as R. C. slab first) ...
Less area of parapet
1 19"70 19·30-
1 39"60 ·2u
-
- --
300·21
7 9'1. -ve1
- -
t.'J2"29
sq m
t
10. U mm thick cement pluter
to inside and out &ide of
Main walls
Partition walls ......... ? 62'30
2 l 1·7o
-
-
3·40 423·64I
3·40 79"56
Plinth wall (out side) I 4200 - ·10 29·40 42·00 is the
Parapet both sides ..... 2 42'00 - 1·63 136·92 perimeter unde r
Stair case room remammg G.L. J 63a: 60
.
over parapet ...
... 2
2
4·50
6·70
-- 2·s / 22 ·so
1·90 25"46
+·2s+ 60+
·07+ .10
Deduction- "
Door openings D 1 1•l - 2·5 3·00 (-ve)
D1 5 10 - 2·0 10·00 (•ve,
C. 0.
D,
... 3 ·75 - ~-o 4 so
'iW98
(•ve,'

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16') ESTIMATING, COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

Explanatory
Item\
No.
Description
notes
-- - --
B P. ... 6':J9 98
Window openings
w 3 1·s - )"5 4 50 (-ve)
W1 6 1·2 - J·S 10"80 (-ve)
W2 3 ·6 - ·6 1·os (-ve)

Openings ... O .. . 2 I ·5 - 2·0 6·00 (-ve)

Stairca~c opening ... l 1·so - .. 1·2 I '80 (-ve)
675·isu
sq m
7·S cm thick lime concrete

ww
11.
fluor over a brick flat I

Living room ... l 2 90 2'90 - 8"41

w.E
Front bed inclu. toileb
Back bed room
Kitchen & Dining
...
...
I
I
I
5·90
4 20 '' 2'90
2·3tJ
2 90

5·20
-
-
-
-
l7·))
12"18
l 1·96

asy 5·20 7·28 5"90=3·4+ 1·2

Corridor ... 1 I 40
-- 56"94
+1·2+2x·IO
-2+·0s.
12 . 2·5 cm thick I. P. C.
En
sq m
(l :l:4J over lime concrete 1·40=3·4+1 ·2
Living room ... I 3·00 I'' 3·00 - 9·00
Front bed room including
toilets .. , I
I

6·00 I 3·00
I
gin -
-
18•0')
+ 1·2+2 x·IO
-(3+1+·1+
·4UJ-2x ·O5
Back bed- room ... I 4·30 3·00

eer
12·90

Kitchen & Dining

Corridor ... .
...
..
I 2'40
I 1"50
5·30
5·30
-
-
-
12•72
7"9) ing
Less area of partition wall!. 1 11 ·70 · 10 I 17 (-ve)
--159·4() sqrr.
.ne
ABSTRACT OF QUANTITIES ( Building 3-9 )
t
SI. Description Quantity
No.
J. Brick flat soling with overburnt bricks 63·62 sq m
2. Cemcrit concrete in foundatian (I : 3 : 6) 18'89 cum
3. 1st Class brickwork in cement mortar (1:4) in foundation and plinth 44'97 cum
4. Damp proof course (I :2:4) under superstructure walls 22'78 sq m
5. 1st. Class brickwon;: in cement mortar (1:6) superstructure 76"67 cum ... 32'94 sq rn
6. R. C. C. work ( I :2:4) excluding reinforcement and shuttering ... 44•53 sq m
7. Shuttering for R.C.C. worjc in item no. 6 .•. 415'88 sq m
8. Mild steel work with one percent reinforcement in R.C.C. work 29·85 qu,,
9. 7•5 cm thick lime concrete (2:2:7) in roof terracing ... 292·29 sq m
10. 12 mm thick cement plaster tl:6J to walls t>75·80 sq m
11. 7·5 cm thick hme concrete floor over a brick flat ••• 56·94 sq m
12! i·s
cm thick LP.C. (1 :2:4) over lime concrete ... 59·40 sq IQ

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 161

3-10 Detailed Estimate of a Two Storied Residential Building ha,ing a foundation for
future extension upto three stories alona with cost per storey. (The detailed estimate or
this b11ildlog 'ftben b11Ut up with R. C. frame strncture ha~ been prepared la the R. c.
chapter and com paired the cost there. )
General SpecificatioDI :-(a) Foundation and Plinth :- First class brickwork in
cement mortar (1 : 4) over cement concrete (1 :3:6), (b) Fil/Ing :--F.mndation trenches
and plinth shall be filled up by loose earth and coarse sand rc~pcctivdy. (c) Damp-Proof•
Course :-shall be of cement concrete (1:2:4) with water proofing compound under
i,upcrstructure, (d, Sup,rstructr,re :-shall be of first class brickwork in cement moria r
( l :6), (e) R. c. Work.J :-shall be with stone chip!> reinf0rccd Wllh an average cf I o,r
reinforcement, (f1 Flooring :-shall be of25 mm thick Marbulite work with precast 11
set in lime mortar ll:3) in floor of all rooms, staircase, dado upto 30 cm height but
1~:
except for kitchen and store, the floor of kitchen, store a1 d space under I st flight of
staircase ~hall be of 2·5 cm thick patent stone, lg) Door and Window :-All wood-

ww
work shall be of Indian leak wood. All door shutter shall be 3"75 cm thick shutter
and 19mm thick panel. All windows excepting for the lavatories and swircasc shall
he 3·75 cm thick Fixed-Louvre shut1cr. Glazed shutter of 3·75 cm thick ~hall be fixed

w.E
for the windows c,f lavatory and ~taircasc and also as a double shutters for the window~
of bed, and d ning. All windows ~hall be fitted with ornamental Grill with 30 mm x6 mm
flats. All wood-work and window )!rills shall be painted two coats with Synthetic Enamel

asy
P.iinL or Oil bound p:iint (h) Fb,ishing :-Inside and outside walls shall be 12 mm thick
cement plaster {I :6)· Ceiling<; Staircase railing, outside of staircase, sun ~hades shall be
6 mm thick cement plasten:.d ( I :4) Outside walls from 10cm below G. L. to plinth and

En
dado of Store and Kitchen upto 60 cm height and Staircase railing upto 30 cm height
~hall be provided with neat cement punning about 1·5 mm thick over the 12mm thick

gin
plastered surface. Inside walls shall be dry Distempering with a coat of primrng. Our 5 ide
walls shall be two coats of Dc~orative_ ce~ent based p.tint. (fl Rol~warer Pipes or
Down Pipe :-Shall be 10cm d1a. conforming to I. S. 1626-1960 and parntcd two coats.

eer
Calcolatlon of Centre-line for Ground floor walls :
(a) Main walls of 40cm
Centre line length of outside walls=2[(14·3-2x·~·t)+(7·9_2x·?J=42·40 m.
Front walls of bed rooms =(3· l +·40+3·5)+2x •\@ ing
=7·40 m (joints=2no~)
Partition b.:tween bed rooms
Kitchen walls with passage
=4·2 +2 x ·40/2
=2(3+·1+ 1"1)+2 X ·'/ .ne
=4·60 m (jtJints==-2no~)
=9·20 m (joints=3no~)
Staircase inside wall

Store at staircase side

=(2·1+·40+3·Jl+?x_·'\,°

t
=6·00 m ljoints=lno)
Total length=69'60 m, jOlllb=i,; nos.
(b) 20 cm wall of store and Lav.=2'8 + ·40=3·20 m (joints-2nos)
=2·4+·40=2·80 m (joints=2 nos )
TotaT;;ii·oo m j0rnts.,.4 nos.
(C') Toe wall=2·4+·40=2·8 m (joints=2 nos)
Centre Hoe for 1st. floor walls :-Centre line length for the first floor walls should be
the same length of 69·60 as calculated for ground floor walls when both the ground-
floor and first tloor walls are symmetrical along a same centre line. But since the
outside walls of first floor is excentric outwardly by i{40..:m-30 cml=5 cm an incrcm.:nt
to all such walls which join with the outside wal_ls shall be n:iade. For corners, since two
excentric walls join, the increment shal! ~e con_s1de~ed_ as twice. l~vestigating the plan
of first floor it reveals that there are 6 JOIDts wtth ms1de and outside walls. For four
corners, joints shall be 4><2=8 nos. The~efore the total pumber shall be 6+8=14 and
14 x ·05="70 m shall be increased along wrth the centre lme length of ground floor.
Thus simply centre line length of ground floor=69'60+·70=70·30rn. But the
actual number of joints should be the same as that for ground floor i.e. 8 nos.
21

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162 E'iTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

DOOR FRAME
f"SUI L.c. D =·l rn x2·1 rn 10cmx·075 cm
OWA.IOCffl
A CC SLA8 D 1 =·8 rn x2·1 m -do-
WINDOW
J->r,.i=:,:::-,.-,-,,.--.-;-_: - - s ~ '-i~---·· ... W =1"2m X 1"5m -do-
IF"'t''111L._ a l5Cffl W 1, & /
C:,I. INt', l~t.lll,<15C.fl
W1=I·2mx 1·2m -do-
Q
15cm
L1NlEL1
J. W2 = ·9mx t·2m -do-
I") W 8 = ·6mx ·7m -do-
~

30
cm

ww
w.E 40CII
s·1om
asy .E
,.._
10 cm•

En
01

_ _ _ _ _.,___ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14• 30 m
gin
or-w· eer
4ocm
ing I
I

~. OR~WIHG
3•1 m )( 3•1m
t:.tTCHEH
e•llfl x3·om
cm OINIHG
2·otn-,. 4·4 m
8EO Rocpt..1
.
kw1.e ne
4 • 2 m x. 3• , m

L.
1oc.m
D -;;-E;:7 .-
,oc.m l( '"
D • ,ac.m x 15
cm ,...__ _ _ _--+-____...J.__11
t
WEB esc.mx10cni 40cm IE
D
D 0~
,....
D
to
-,
I
CIII I
STOil..& . l.."-V, I
'2.'!5 ffl :K2.'4ffl 11•tlll11
WEB . 2'41rl
'I
1s-c.rr1 -,.,oc.m
.__.,.__,_---1,..,_~

HG 310

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 163

1'!5 cm 1..c.
OVER 10cm 11..c.c 7•scn, L.e
'SLM~ OVEFl 10 cm R..C.C SLA&
eocm

E
~ 30CJII
rn

ww
w.E
P.L
asy
Er--,
ng
SECTION-CD

I
in _!"'_ - l
_

--- -- ]
eer
r--,
Iw,
·1----t"
I

WEB,
I
ing
E IS cm &l!iC:i
K.ITCHEN DINING 11
1.'1.ffili'J'IIW t•9tn ,c.4•55m ~ l!IE!J ROOjM
4· 3s m" 3·e91111
r••· •cm•IOC:111 lo em
:::J::WEB 1scm ...1sc111
D - · - - · - -·-;;
•

I .ne
r-
~
- - .. -- ·----·~· -· -t;,;=--i::ii::16i-EJ
LA.V, u,,waa1oc:1111L111c111
l:lffl1'l"ISIII '• D
30
t
c:==•;,,°rfJC-'alo-ft,,-G:11
WCff'l,C
e STORE
2"50Cffl•'I"

f .1111111.
__ m,;
tra
,- "'_7-·
.1- 2.• 2s "' _ii •t !I
..J=-l"liC..I Fl UT
L- w,__J
PLAN

NOTE :-FRONT OF THE BUILDING IS AT LEFT

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164 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Q JIDtlty Estimate for Groud Floor :-

Item/
No. Description B. H. Qu. / Total / Explanatory
m m notes
I
1. Earthwork la txca,atioo
Marn walls
20 cm walls
...
...
l
I
66·00
4 20
·90
·60 I
l ·95 56·43
·70 l ·76
! 66·00=69·60-
l 8x 90/2
I 4 ·20=6·00-4
Toe walls ... l 1·90 ·60 I ·so •57 X ·~' 0/2
Step, ... ... I 1·20 ·45 ·l() ·os
- - ·s1nst ·4S-(2x ·30
2. Earthwork in filling by cum +·40/?J+· IO
loose canh of f,,undation (prl)jecuon)
trench 1
r, th. of cxca vation 11·76 11 76 -·90/2

ww
3. Sand filling for plinth
Hcd room~
Dining
...
...
2
I
4·10
4·10
3·20
2·10
·42 I 1·02
·42 4"65
cum
I

w.E..
Store & Lav.
Kitcht:n upto ~tai r
Drawing ,.
...
...
......
I
l
l
3'70
4· 10
4-10
2·.:,0
2 (:0
:i·oo
·42 3"89
"42 3 44
·42 S· I 7
13·7r=(t•2+·10
+2·S)-·10

Stairca,c
asy 1 I 30 :;:JO ·42 I ·26
- . - -
29 52 1·30=l·3s+·os
cum
4. Slnale layer brick flat soling
Main walls ... l
En
66"C0 ·90 - 59·40
4 60=6·00-4
X ·70/2
20cm walls
Toe wall
Step~ ...
...
...
...
l
I
l
4·60
2·20
1·20 gin
"60
"60
'70
- 2·70
- l ·32
- -·84
2·20= 2"80-2
X "60/2
·70=2 x ·30

5. Cement ci,ncrete (1 ·3:6,

l eer
- 64·32 +·JO
,q m (f,ir projection)
in fouodarion for-
Mam wall,
20 cm wall~
...
...
l
I
66°00
4·60
"90
"60
• 15
·JO
8 91
2ls ing
Toe wall
Step~ ...
First clau brickwork in
...
...
I
I
2"20
1·20
·6()
·70
·JO
·JO
· 13
- ·rn~
- 940 .ne
t
6.
cement mortar ( I :4) in cum
fou:1dation and plinth
Main walls,
I st. footing 70 cm I
I
66·80 -70 I ·20 9·35 66"80=69 60-
2nd footing 60 cm 67'20 ! ·60 ·2( 18·06 8 X ·7U/2
Plinth wall 50 cm I 67"60 i ·50 ·90 30·42
20 cm walls,
1st. footing 40 cm l 4"80 ·40 ·20 0"?8
Plinth wall 30 cm I 5 00 ·30 ·90 I ·35
Toe wall, i
I

1st. footing 40 1.:m 1 2·30 ·30 •40 0"28

Steps under stair I 1·20 ·J(I ·20 0 ·07 The door under
Step ... ... I 1·20 ·45 •40 0·22 stairca~e hali
(av.) a height of
DeductJo■ for door in plinth I 1·00 ·50 ·60
-0•30 -ve
23 04
cu rn
60 cm in plinth.

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. 1,s
ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS
Building 10 contiHed

I H. I 1Total I
I m.B.
Description L. Qu Explanatory
:m \No. note,
,, m m __ M _ _ _ _ _ _

7. 2·5 cm thick Damp Proof ---

Courie t I :2 4) for- 68 '011=69·60-
l 6s·ro ·40 27·20
Main wall
20 cm wall l s-20 ·20 )·04 8x·v
Deduction for- 3·20 (-ve)
·40
Door sill O
,. D1
8
2
1·00
·80 ·20
-·32
- ..
" 24'12
sq m

ww
First class brickwork in
sup.:r~tructure (1:6) for-
Main walls I 68'00
5·20
·40
·20
3·30 89"76
3·30 3•43

w.E
20 cm walls l
Ded11ction for- ·40 2·10 s·ss (-~.e)
Door opening, D 7 1·00
Door understair l 1·00 '40 t ·so ·60
Pa rt of the ~oo r
[),)Of ···
Window opening~
D1
w
wl
asy 2
3
·80
1·20
1·20
·20
·40
·40
2·10
t ·S0
1·20
3·J6
2·16
4•03
,, under stair is i11
,. supt. wall

En
., 7
1·20 l ·30
,, w~ 3 ·90 ·40
.. w. 2 ·60 ·40 ·70 0·34

I
R.C. b~nd lintel
,, ,, in 20 cm
68·00
5·20
·40
·20
gin ·l S
· 15
4·U8
0°l6
., 5"20=2·S+2·4
1r:o.r
! 10 cm th\ck brickwork
\ (1:3) with H.B. wire netting eer cum

Kitchen
Drawing room !av.
2·10

2"10
3 00

3·00
6·30

6·30 ing
3·00=3·30-·15
(for lintel
Long wall
Short wall
Partition between lav.
l
1 l·00 3·00 3·00 height)--· 15
(beam over the .ne
t
2·40 3-00 1·20 wall)
& Store l 1·68 1-ve)
2· 10
Deduction for Door D1 l :80 --- 21 ·12
sqm
Cement concrete (1:2:4)
excluding shuttering
,and reinforcement
(a) Roof slab including 11 ·08
1 14·20 · 7"80 ·10 )·46 (-vc)
stairca!>c first •..
Less area of staircase l 5·20 : 2·so ·10 2"80=2·40+ •40
9·6f
(b) Web of beams for- I •15 ·15 ·18
Bed rooms 1 7·80 For bed room,
3·60 ·15 ·15 ·08
Dining 1 continious beam
Over 10 cm wall of- with full bear-
Kitchen I 2·so ·IO •J s ·04
ings
·15 ·15 ·09
Drawing long 1 3·86 t·3=1·t+·20
·10 ·15 ·02
., short l t·30 (bearing)
·o4 2'8=2·40+2
Partition between lav.

c.o.
& store l 2"80 ·10 I •15
1o·oi x·20

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1,6 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECJFICATION

Itcml Description L. B.
-I I H. Qu. ITotal / Explanatory
/No.
NQ. m I m Im notes

B. F. ... ... I 10·07 2·69= ,J1.·2S 2

(c) Staircase-
+ 1•50•
Base on Toe wall I I· I 5 ·Jo ·20 ·07 1·50-= 3 · 30 -·15
Waist slab of flights 2 2·69 l ·6() · 15 1·29 2
Landing (lower) 1 1°60 3•20 · 15 ·77 (for landing
Landing (at 1st floor) l 1·55 3-20 · 15 ·74 slab)
•• &
Steps
St:iircase railing
18
2
1·20
2·69 •·175
·os ·60
•47
·26 3·20=2•4+2 X
·40(full bearing)

ww.
(di R. C Lintel-
Band Jinted in main wall 1 68·00 ·.rn · 15 4"08
Hand rail is of
~eparate material.
.,
.. w.Ein 20cm wall
'. in 10cm wall
of Kitchen
l

1
5-20

2'10
·20 •15

·IO ·ts
I ·16

·03
sec item no. (8)
Drawing !av. long side
•• asy
short side
Partition "of lav. & store
l
l
1
2·10
1·00
2·40
·10 ·15
· 10 • I 5
·IO · 15
·03
·02
·04
(e) Sunshades over -
En
Windows, W & W 1
W & D (combined}
Wmdow, W~
9
I
1·50
2·80
•45 ·05
-45 ·osgi:ginI
,, Wa
3
2
I ·20
·90
•45
·45
22·10 ~ "U) ~ eer
11. Centering and sbutterlna
for R. C. C. works
ing
18 53
cum
(a) Roof slab (including
first area of staircase) ... I 14·20 .ne
t
1·10 109•34
Outer edges l 43'80 • IO 4·38
Inner edges for staircase
opening 1 lc·'JO ·IO 1 60
Dedact stair opening I 5·20 2·so 14"56 (•ve) 10cm walls arc
,, area of 40cm wall l 68·(,0 0
40 21·20 (-ve) built up after
,, ,, 20cm s·20
" " ' I
1 ·20 1•04 roof slab, so nc,
I (b) Web of beams for-
" deduction
Bed rooms lx2 7·80 7"80==3'4+3·2
Dining ·l5 2·34
lx2 3"60 · 15 1·05 +3x·40
Kitchen lx2 2'80 3°60-2•8 +2 X
Lav. of drawing '15 0·84
. ,,
Over"partition of lav.
... lx2
lx2
3"80
1·30
·ts
·15
l ·14
0•39
·40
Side shuttering
includes bearing
and store lx2 2·so area.
c.o. ·15 \ O·S4
80"16
I

--~- I
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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 167

Building 10 continued

1:1 Description INo. j

L.
m m
b. H., Qu.
m !
No.

B.F.
I
80'1b
I
Total Explanatory

I
notes.
(c} Staircase-
Base on Toe wall lx2 1·1s ·20 0·46
Waist slab of flights 2 2 69 1·20 6"46
Edges ... 2 2·69 · 15 -~1
Landing at ( lower ) 1 1·20 2•40 2"88
Edges ... 1 6·40 · 15 0 96 6·40=2x 1·60
Landing at l st floor 1 1·35 2·40 \ 3·56 +:>'2; see l!Oc.:)
Edges ... 1 3 30 · 15 o·so
Steps ( rises only) 18 1·20 ·l 75 3·7!1

ww Railill!! (both sides)

(d) R. C. lintel
2x2 2·69 "60 6·45

.,
. w.E
Band lintel for main wall
for 20cm wall
,. ". for 10cm wall
of kitchen .••
2
2

2
68·00
5·20
2·10
• 15 20·40
·15

·15
1·56

·63
Drawing room lav.-
Long wall
Short wall
asy 2 2·10
1·00
·15 ·(:3

En
2 · 15 ·30
Partition of Lav. & Store 2 2·40 • JS ·72
Over door & window-
in 40cm wall
in20cm wall
(e) Sun shades over-
1
1
23'90
1·60
gin
·40
·20
9"56
·32
23 90=8 X l '00
+1ox1·20+3
Window w & wl
Edges
9
9
1·50
2·40
·45
·oseer 6'08
1'08
X ·90+2 )( '60
2·40=1·50+2
Window W & D(comb.)
Edges
Window W2
1
1
3
2·80
3 70
1·20
·45
-45
·os
1·26
•1IS
1·62 ing x·45

Edges
Window W 1
3
2
2·10
'90 •45
·(15 •31
"81 .ne
Edges
Staircase door D
Edges
2
1
1
1·80
l ·30
2·20
·45
·os
·os
·}8
'58
·ll
152;.n
t
12. Mild Steel reinforcement sqm
including cutting,
hooking, bending & @ l¾vol of con c1cte Although there
binding is no reinforce-
= 16"53 X 1io 78·5= 14"55 14•55 ment
Indian Teakwood work in step bnt
quin the vol. being
13. for frames of-
Door, D
..
Window
Di
w
- 8
3
3
6'20 ·JO ·075
~·so ·10 ·075
6"60 ·10 ·075
smaJI has not
been deducted
from the total
vol. of cone.
,. W1 7 6·00 • 10 '075 6·60=3x 1·20
., w,.
,, w, ... 3
2
4'20
2"60
·10
·10
'075
·075
+2x 1·50
-
6•00-3 X l '20
}4~·00 7o ~ i·092 J•092 +2 X 1'20
cum 3 vert~&2 hors.

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161 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Explanatory
Item/
No.
Description
notes
I
14. Indian Teak wood panelled
shutters ,· 7,cm thicK ~hut-
I
ters with 19mm thick.
panel.
Door D ... 8 ·88 - 1·95 t 3·73 ·88-= 1·00-2
·01s+2x ·01 5
)(

,, u, ... I 3 '68 - 1·95 3·98

l
--i/"71 (rebate)
15. J·75cm thick Fixed- s4m
Louver :,h UllCl ~
windows
l~,r
1'08 --
I 4•33 1·335=1·5- 3
w 3 1·335

ww
...
w, ... h l '035 -- I '08 6'71 X ·(175+ 4 X ·(ll 5
... 2 ·78 - - 1·08 )•68
w" -- ---- - - -
16.
for window:,-
w.E
3·75cm thick Glazed
w
w1
shutten
...
...
3
7
1'08
t •0]5
-
-
1•335
1·08
4·33
n,2
l.l '/2
sqm 6nm,. except
stain:a"1.:
window
.
Wi
WR asy ...
...
1
2
"78
"48
--
-
1·os
·ss --
·84
·56
17. M.S. Ornamental Grill
En 13•:,5
sqm
with 30x6mm flats
window~
w
l~,r

... 3 1•05 gin

- l '275 4·02

eer
l 05=1·2-- .2
W1 ... 7 ·975 -- ) '05 7•17 X O'i5
WI ... 3 ·75 - I OS 2·36 I '275=- J •5--.
... - - ·so
WB

18. M.S. Clamp 37 5cm Jong

2 ·45 ·55
-
ing ---
- .
14 l/5
sqm
x·075
·975= 1·2--

.ne
x ·075 (3 vcr
end bifurcated With 37 x o
mm flat
... - -
For door frames
Window ~

19. Anollised Allumlnium hand

...
11 X 6
15x4 - -
-
-
66
60
---
~
nos.
t
ran with 15cm leg for-
Staircase railing 2 2·69 - - 5·38 5·38
7·scm thick Terraced rm
20 flooring in ltme concrete
u~ : 2 : 7) over a brkk I
flat for-
... ... I
.
Bed room

Dining "
...
...
...
...
1
1
4 10
4·10
3·00
3-40 --- 1112"30
13"94
Drawing & lav. ... 1 2"70 4·30 ·6)
Kitchen with passage
Store & Iav. ( combined)
1
1
4·10
2·10
3 00
4·10
-- 12"30
11•07
Staircase room ... I 3·60 2•30 - 8"28
1 3'60 2·30 - -10·58
80 08 sqm

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 169

Building 10 continued

Jteml
No.
Description No,/
m
L.
I:· I H.
m
IQu. ITotal I Explanatory
notes

21. Marbalfte w•rk for-

(a) Floors, Bed room ... 1 4·20 3•10 13·02
,, 1 4·20 3·50 11·10
Dining " 1 2·80 4·40 12"32
Drawing & Lav. l 4·10 3'10 12·11 4·10=4·20-·10
Passage (kitchen) I 2·10 1·10 2"31 excluding 10 cm
Lav. (store side) 1 2"40 1·20 2"88 wall area.
Ent,ance under stair l 3•45 1·1s 3•97
Under 2nd landing 1 1·20 2·30 2'76 3·45=2'25

ww
Steps of staircase, treads
r ses
Landing (lower)
18
18
I
1·20
1·20
2·40
•25

1·20
·175
5 40
3'78
2'88
+ I ·20 (portion
under 1st.
landing)

..
Door sills for D
w.E
Landing 1st. floor
Rises of landing 2
8
1 240
2·40
l·00
1·35

·40
·IS
3·24
·n
3-20

"
,,"
D1
D1 asy 2
l
·so
·so
·20
·10
·32
·os
(b) Dado for-
En
Bed room
.,~ ,, l
I 14·60
15"40 gin ·30
·30
Dining
Drawing
Lav. (drawing)
I
1
l
14 40
12·40
6'00 eer
·30
·30
·30
12·40=2(3'1
+3·1)
Front of lav.
Passage 1
l l ·10
s·so
·30
·30 ing 5·80=2(2·] +
2 X '40)
Lav. (storeside)
Entrance
Under 2nd landing
I
1
l
7·20
4'65
S·I0
·30
·30
·30 .ne
4·65=2X ]·2
Stair flights
Landing (lower)
"
1st floor
-
2
l
l
2·69
4·80
5"10
10!·93 -=--·JO
·30
·30
·30
30·58
+2·2s
t
5·10==2:-< 1•35
+2•4
De•actlon for- No deduction
Area of steps 18 ix·25 •175 ~ -(ve) for door open-
104•4<, ing to cover the
22. 2•5 cm tldck 1re1 artificial sqm area of jams.
1toae floor with cement
concrete ( 1 : 2 : 4 ) vrith
skinning
Kitchen 1 3·00 2·10 6"30
Store
Under 1st flight •••
l 2·so 2'40
1·20
6·0'}
4"14 3·45=2·25+ 1·20
I 3·45
- - 16'44 sqm

22

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170 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item!' Qu. rotal Explanato;

No I Description notes
'
•23. 12mm tbkk cement plater
(1 : 6) to wall.

(a) Inside-Bed room 1 14·60 3·oO 43·80 3·00•3·30-·30

-do- 1 15·40 3·00 46·20 (for dado.)
Dining I 14'40 3·00 43•20
Kitchen 1 10·20 2·10 27'54 Dado of kitchen
Drawing 1 12·40 3·00 37•20 is 60 cm.
Lav. (drawing) 1 6'00 3•00 1s·oo
Fronts of lav. 2 I· 10 3·00 6 60 6·40=2(2·1
Passage I 6·40 3•00 19'20 +J·l)

ww Lav. (store)
Store
Staircase room
l
1
1
1·20
9•W
14'40
300 21'60
2·10 29'40
2•70 38·88
2·70 as stair
dado has been

Dedaetlo■
Door D
w.E
for openings-
8 1·00 2·10 / 16·so (-ve)
counted twice
for two flights

(b)
D1
Outside-
Upto plinth from 1st.
asy 3 ·so 2·10 5'04
309·7~
,,

floor
From P. L. to 10 cm
1 44•00
EI n 3·30 \ 145·20
(44 00=2(7·8
+ 14·2)
44·40 =2(7·9
below G. L.
Steps, treads
.
1 44•40
l x 2 1·20 gin •30
·75 33·30
·72
+ 14"3)

Deductio■
Sides

for openings
2 ·45
(av.)
eer
·40 ·36

Windows
"
W
W1
3
7
1·20
1·20 1·20 lo·08 ing
l·SO s·Ot (-ve)
,.
"
.,
w,
Wa
3
2
'9')
·60
1·20
·70
3"24
·84
,,
..
.ne
24. Ne at ctment PIDDi■1
abou : t·Smm thick
From P. L. to 10cm
I
~-469"80
sq m
t
belowG. L. 1 44·40 •75 33·30 As cement
Dado for kitchen 1 10·20 ·60 6· 12 punning is pro-
Store ... 1 9·80 '60 5·88 vidcd for one
Steps treads
Steps sides ••.
lx2 1·20
·45
·30 ·72 or
side the door
2 ·40 ·36 no deduction is
(1v). - - 4(>"38 made, consider·
75. \ 6mm thlcll eemeat plaster sq m ing extra cost
(1:4) of labour and
1.
(a) Roof slab ...
(b) Web of beams for-
sa me as1temll (a) = 66·38 area of jambs
left out
Bed room
,, ,,
Dining
c.o. ...
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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 171

Building 10 continued

Explanatory
Description No. L. B. H. Qu Total
r:o. -- B. F.
m m m
t,9·20
notes

(c) Staircase-
Under waist slab 2 2·69 2'40 12·9)
Un:lersidc of 1st. landing
.. ,, 2nd
Sides of staircase railing
. 2
I
1
1°.W
l ·35
2·69
2·40
2·40
1·13
2'88
3"24
6·99
1·13=·30
(inside) +·os
95'.l.l ( top )+·75
(d) Sun shades ••• Double thel area of (outside)
11 (e) = 24"42 12·21 is the
Less once area of summation of

ww
126. Dry Dlstemperln1 to
edges

same as 23 (a)=
1·~6 (·vc)
. ----

309·78
11 (e)
117·7-i sq m
iaterlor wall, and ceiling
w.E l25(aJ+ (b)+(, l 9S·22
405
sqm

127. Decoratl•• Cemeat based

paint two eeat1 for ou11lde asy
pla1ter
En
same as
+
22 (b
25 (d.
160·02
22"56

IJs. gin f82"58

P.aiatia:: on timber surface

1aJ Panelled doors,
., ,,
D .•. ~ 4
01 .•• 3x •¾
- 1·oo
·so eer
2·10 37"80
2 10 11 •34
For panelled
shutter multi-

Fixed-Louvred window
w 1·so ing plying factor for
both sides=2l
times
W1
w.
3x3
6x3
2X3
1·so
1·20
·90
16'20
{'20 25·92
1·20 6"48 .ne
For l.>uvred

(c) Glazed shutter window

w
W1
3xl
7X 1
1·20
l·20
I·SO 5•40
1·20 10·08 times.
t
shutter multi-
plying factor
for both side= 3

W2 1X 1 ·90 1·20 1·os For glazed shu-

w, 2Xl ·60 ·10 '84 tter multiplying
115'141 factor for both
139. Pll■da1two coats OD metal sqm sides 1 time=
■■rface
Window Grill, w 3xl 1•05 1·275 4·02 Multiplying
W1 7xl •975 l·OS 7·17 factol'!for both
••
"
.
h
w,
w,
3xl
2X1
·75
·4S
J•OS
·55
2"36
·SO
sides= l time
For dimensions
t)
•• 14·23 see (17)
100 mm dla., asbeltol eemeat sqm

t.· dowa plpe1,, painted cemplete

C. I. Veadla19r 15cm x 15cm
wldl two ceat■~•f ,-tadaa 14
4·00 24·00 2400

14
rm
14 nc,s.

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172 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

-- -
Item\
No.
Description INo. /
L.
Ill
B.
m
- I
I IH.
m Qu. ,Tota) Explanatory
notes
-
1. Flnt class brickwork in 3
cement mortar ( 1:6)
Main walls ... 1 66'70 ·30 3•30 6603
20cm walls ...
...
1
1
2·55
13"60
·20
·20
3•30 l ·65
2·40 6"53
Staircase room three sides
66·70=70·30
Deduction for :- 8 X '\-o
t3·6u=2cs·1 +
Door openings D 6 1·00 ·30 2·10 3"78 ·1+·20)+2'7 0

ww
Staircase •. ,.
Window openings
,.
..
D
w
W1
1
3
7
1·00
1·20
1·20
•20
·30
·30
2·10
l·So
1·20
·42 (•ve)
1·62
3 02 "
"
",.
Stair room,.
w.E
"
w,
w.
w,
Ws 3
2
1
·90
·60
1·20
·31)
·30
·20
1·20
'7U
1·20
97 ",.
·25
·29 ".,

"
,,
"
"
asy
10 em thick first cla1s brick
l ·90 ·20 1·20
- ·22 .,
·63·64
2.
En -
cum
work in cement mortar (I :J)
with H. B. wire netting
Kitchen
Drawing room !av.
...
... I
g--in
2·20 3·00

~-oo
J·00= 3·30-•J
(for lintel)-'!
Long wall
Short wall
Front of !av. & store
...
...
I
1
1
2·20
1·0s
2·90 e -
2·ss - ..-
3·00
3•00
eri
(for beam over
wall)
Partition betwee!: lav. & store 1
ttr90 -
-
- 3·30
··1•00 32"70
ng
(-ve)
Deduction for door D 3 ·80 2·10 5'04
-- 27·66
sq m .ne
3. Cement concrete ( 1:1:4 )
excluding shuttering and
reinforcement
t
(a) Roof slab ... (ame as in
I ground floor lO(al= 9·62
Staircase room roof
(b) Web of b~ams for
1 5·30 3·10 ·10 ' 1'64
I
Bed rooms 1 7"80 •) 5 • 15 • 17
Dining ... 1 3·50 ·15 ·15 ·os 20 cm bearing
considered.
Over 10 cm wall of
Kitchen 1 2•8(\ ·10 ·ts ·04
Drawing long 1 3·60 ·15 ·ts ·os
,, short ~ l '25 ·10 ·15 ·02
Front of store & lav. 1 3·30 ·IO •l 5 ·OS
Partition of store & )av. 1 2·85 ·10 ·is ·04
C. O. ... ... ... ... ... 11·74
---

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 173

Building 10 continued

Description B. Explanatorv
m notes ·
I
B. F. ... \ 11·74

(c) Staircase-
Waist slab of flights 2 2·69 2 75 ·IS 2·22
l 1·60 ·76 2·69 same as
Landing (lower) 3·15 · 15
1 I ·55 ·73 that ground
Landing ( 2nd floor ) 0 15 · 15 floor 2·75=2·55
Steps 18 1--1.75 • ~ 6 '175 ·SO
Railing of staircase 2 2·69 ·08
'I[
·60 ·2s +2x·l

ww
(insertion in
at 2nd floor 1 l ·513 ·us ·60 ·08
wall)
(d) R. C band lintel in-

w.E
Main wall ...
20 cm wall. ..
10 cm wall. ..
I 66"70
I 2·55
1 Io·9u
l 13 60
·30
·20
· 10
· ts
·l5
·l5
Staircase room ...

(e) Sunshades Over- asy ·20 •l 5

·os
Windows W & W 1
w,
10
4
En
l ·SO
}·30
·4S
·45 ·os
·os
gin
Ws 2 ·90 •45
Staircase room door I 1·30 ·45 '{l5

TI 23·..lO ~ ·US •52

Centering and sh11tteriag for
R. C. C. works.
eer - - 20·J7 cum

(a) Roof slab (including first

area of staircase) 1 14·20
·10
109•34
4-3~ ing
.ne
Edges of roof slab (outer) 1 43·80
,, ,. ,. ,, (inner) 1 16·00 ·10 t·60 Inner edge dul!
Leis area of stair room
,,
.,
,, ,. 30 cm wall
,, ,. 20 c111 wall
1
I
I
l 5-20
66·70
2 55
2·80
·30
·20
14 56
20·01
·SI
(•ve)
,,
to stair room
opening
t
Stair room roof 1 i 5-30 3·10 16·43 "
Edge5 1 / 16·80 1·68
· 10 No deduction
Leu area of 20 cm wall 1 I13 60 2·72 (~ ve) for 10 cm wall
as this wall is
(b) Web of beams for- built up after
Bed rooms l x2 7·80 ·IS roof slab.
Dining Ix 2 3·50 ·15
Kitchen l x2 2 80 ·1s
Drawing long l x2 3·60 · 15
,, short 1x2 1·2s · 15
Front of store & Jav. 1 x2 3·30 • 15
Partition of store & lav. l X2 2'85 ·t ~
c.o. TL.mo - - ----:-r; 7· 5 31
I ... ... 103· 16
I

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174 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item/
No Description INo. j ; I !· ., :· - , Qu. I Total (Explanatory
Potes.

B.F. !03·16
(c) Staircase-waist slab 2 2"69 1·28 6 89
2X 2 2"69 •15 l ·61
Edges
Landing (lower)
Edges
...
1 1·30
1 6"35
2·SS 3"32
•1:; ·95
6'35==2X 1"60
+3·15 (see 3c)
steps (rises) 18 l '275 ·175 4•02
Railing (both sides) 2x 2 2·69 ·60 6·46
,, 2nd floor IX 2 1·53 ·60 t·9o
(d) R. C. Lintel-
Band in main wail 2 66·70 · 1S 20·01
,. ,, 20 cm ,, 2 2·ss · 1S ·77

ww ,, in 10 cm
Lintel in stair room ... 2
Over opening of Door D 6
2 10•90
l 3'60
l ·00 ·30
·I~ 3·27
• l 5 4·C\8
1 80

Window w.E ,. D
WI 3
1
W le. W 1 10
l·0OJ
1·20
'90
·20
'30
'30
·20
3·o0
'8}

Stair room asy w. 2

w, 1
WI , } •90
'60
1·20
'20
'30
·20
- • 18
·36
·24
(e) Sun shades
En
Sa me (a PX) as in ground
floor JI (e) ... = 24·42
5. M. S. reinforcement
!ncluding! cuttm~, hook- @ 1% volume of gin - - ~ sq m

,.
ing, bending and binding

7·5 cm thick lime terracing

con cnm~= '2037 x,io x 78 •5
eer
= 15·99 IS•9'J sq·m

7.
on roof (2 : 2 : 7) 1 14·00
ing
106·40 sq rr.
To cover stair
Indian Teak Wffd work for
frames of-
Door ·to ·01s .ne
case roof no
deduction
;,
Wmdow

,.••
D
D1 •••
W
W, ...
7
3
3
8
6'60
6'00
6·20
5'80 ·to
·10
·IO
·075
·075
·075
t
., w, ... 44'20 ·10 ·075 8 nos. includ·
ing stair room
WI ... 2 2'60 •10 ·075
T.L. ISU'60 ·to ·075 1·13 1'13
•• lndllD Teak WON p1aelled
shatter!> • 75 cm thick with
UC m
19mm •. ~., panel
Dour,
"
D ...
D, ...
7
3
·88
·68
I 1•9S 12·(11
I ·95 3'98
6 nos. except
staircase and
stair room.
-1-;--99-1 3 nos. w, inclu·
3"75 ca tbick Fixed- sq m ding stair room.
Louver shutters lor-
W ... 3 1·08 1•335 4·32
W l ••• 6 1'035 1 08 6·71
w.... 3 '78 .1 ·01 2·53 13•56 IQ m

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 175

Building 10 continued

Item
No. Description INo.
L.
m I! 1:· I
Qu. ITotal \Explanatory
notes
10. 3. 75 ca thick GIHed 1hatten
of windows- ... W
w,
...... 3
8
1·08
l·03S
-- 1·33S
1·os
4•33
8'94
w. ...... 2 ·18 - 1·08 1'68
w. 2 ·48 · - ·ss '56
15·51
u. M.S. Orument■l Grill sqm
with 30mm x 6mm flats
For window, w ...
...... 3
8
1·05 -- 1·2751 4•02
1·05 8·19

ww W1 •975
w.
--
4 ·1s t·OS 3-15
w. ... 2 '45 ·55
- ·so-
12.
w.E
MS. clamp 37·5 cm lon1
end bifurcated with
37mm x 6mm flat
15'80
sqm

For door frames

Window " as...... y 10 x6
17 X4
-
-
-
-
-
- : --~
En
-- 128
n. Anodlted Allamlaiam band nos.

I
rail with 15cm leg
For 1st floor
At 2nd floor
...... 2
1
2·69
1·ss gi--n -- 5·38
1·58

14. 25mm thick Mosaic werk I e-er 6"961

rm
with precast tiles
(a) Floor of ,,Bed room
,, ...... 1
l
4,35;
4·35
3·25
-
3"65 i 14·14
15'88ng
Dining
Drawing & lav.
...
...
...
l
1
4•55
4'40
2"90
3 20
--
--
13'20
14'08 .ne
Passage (kitchen)
Lav. (store side)
Stair case-
Landing (lower)
...
...
1
l

1
2·20
2·2s

2 55
1'20
1·26
1·30 -
2·64
2·s·1
3·32
t
Landing (2nd floor)
Rises of landings
...
...... 1
2
2·55
2·ss
1·35
-
-·15 3·44
·11
Steps
,, treads 18 1·28 '25 - 5'76
Door
rises ...
...
18 1·28 - ·175
-
403
,, sills
,, D ... 6 1·00 '30 1'80
D1 3 ·so ·10 - ·24
(b) Dado for-
Bed
,, room
Dining
" ......... 1
1
1
15"20
16·00
-
-- I
·30
·30
·30
Lav. (drawing) ...... 1
14·90
6·30 -- ·30
Front of lav.
c.o. ... -...
'
1 1·15
53'5S
...
--... ·30
-=rcr 16'07
98"18

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176 ESTIMATING, COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

Explanatory
notes

B. F.
Passage ••• 1 5·60-2(2·2+2
Lav. (store side) 1 x ·30) two sides
Railing of staircase 2 only as other
., at 2nd floor I two sides are
Landing lower 1 covered by door
,, at 2nd floor 1 openings.

18
I 3u·56 - ·30
·25- 1'75
9·17 5•15 -2·5s+2
·39 (-ve) ·x 1·3 No deduc-
Deductior. for area of steps j-x -- lU6 96 tion tior door

15. ww
2·5 cm thick 1rey artificial
stone floor ('l:2.4J
sqm openi ogs to
cover the area
ofja mbs.

w.E
Kitchen
Store
Staircase room
...
...
...
1
l
1
3'1()
2'50
5·10
2·20
:z·ss
2·10
-
-
-
6'82
6'38
13 77

16. 12 mm thick cement plaster

to wall.
asy 26"97
sqm

... En -
1s·20 - 3·oo

g-- in
(a) Inside-Bedroom 1
,. ... 1 16·00 3·00
"
Dining ... 1 14·90 3·00
Drawing
Lav. (drawing)
...
......
1
l
12·90
6 30
-
- J·OO
3·00
3-00eer
ing
Fronts lav, 2 l • 15
Passage 1 6·60 - 3·00
Lav. ('itore) ... 1 1'f10- -- - 3•00
Kitchen ...... 1
81·80
10"60
- 37 ocr 245"40
-
-
2·10 28"{)2 .ne
Store
Staircase
Staircase ro0m
Deduction for Door D
... 1
1
1
7
10·10
14·90
)5·60
1·00 -
2•70 27"27
- 2·70 40'23
- 2·10 32'76
2·10 14'70 (-ve)
..
ands tore i&
60 cm
t
Dado of kit,;hen

I D1 3 ·so - 2·10 s·o4

363"54
(b) Out side..:.
Upto top level of
Parapet from 1st. floor 1 44·00 - 4·20 184"80 4•20
Inside of parapet walls- I
Long sides ...... I 2 14·00 - ·so 22"40 ·SO=· 90-·I0
Short sides
Top of parapet walls
2 7 60 - ·so 12·16 (LC.)
14"20 i1 out to
...... --
Long sides 2 14·20 ·10 2"84 out .
Short sides ,. 2 1·60 ·10 1'52 2"60 ==2·40+·10
Stair room out side ... l 11·20 - 2'60 44-72 +·10

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 177

Building to continued

Item
No.
I Description
I No. r m
L.
i! H.
m Qu. !Total II Explanatory
notes

Deduction for-
B. F. u,, .. I
Parapet wall as not requ.
for stair case room 1 8·5o ·ao 6"80 (-ve)
Window openings W 3 l ·20 1·so 5·40 ",,
w, 8 1·20 1 ·20 11·52 ,,
w, 4 ·90 1·20
·10
4·32
Ws 2 ·60
2·10
"84
2·10
,," 60I·OO=total o
Door of stair case room D l 1·00 (a)+(b)
Z.37"46 601 ·OO sqm
17. Neat cement punaloa

ww
Dado for kitchen I 10·60 ·60 6·36
Store l 10·10 ·60 6°06
Stair case room I 15·60 ·JO 4·68
--
18.
(a) Roof slab w.E
6mm thick cement plaster
(b) Web of b:!ams for-
Sa me as 4 (a) apx. 69·67
11·1c>°
sq m

Bed
,, rooms
,.
a...sI y lx2
lx2
3·25
3·65
·JS
·ts
·98
1· 10
Beams over
w.tlls and lintels
Dining
(c) Staircase
di Sun l>hades
... I
...
IX 2
Sa
,, me
En
2·90
as
4 (e) ,,
·15
4 (c) apx.= 2s·3s
-
·87 are included in
12mm plaster-

gin
24·42 ing.
122•39
19. Decorathe cement based sq m
paint for outside pla!>ter Sa me as 16 (b)
+18 (d) eer
=
237·46
24·42
20. Dry Distempering to
interior wall, ceiling Sa me as 16 (a'
+18 (a)+lb)
=
= ing
72'62 261·88 sq m
363·54 436·16 sq m
-- --
21. Paintlna on timber
(aJ Panelled
,, D.>ors, D 7x ~l- 1·00 2·10 33·08 .ne
" D1
(b) Fixed-Louver window
w
wl
3X

3x3
6x3
\ 1 ·iso I

1·20
1·20
.t:lU

1·so
1·20
11•34

16'20
3-2·40
t
w, 3 >. 3 ·90 1·20 9•72
(c) Glazed shutters for-
w 3xl 1·20 1·so 5•40
w, 8xl 1 20 1·20 11"52
w. 2x1 ·90 1·20 2·16
w, 2xl '60 ·10 84
21. Paintln1 two coals on 122-66 sq m
metal surface
Window Grill w
W1
... 3xl 1·os
·975
1·275 4•02
8·19
8xl 1·05
w, 4xl ·1s t·os 3·15
Ws 2xl ·4, ·ss '50
23. 108mm dia Dowa pipe 6 3·50 21·00 15'86 sq m
24. C. I. V•tilator 14 ,21·00 rm
14 nos.
----------
23

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178 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATED COST FOR GROUND FLOOR 01' BUILDING-lo
SL. ·uniie
No. Description Quantity Unit Rate of Amount
Rs. P Rate Rs. P.
T.- --Earth----------.,,-::~--:---~1--------
work in excavation ot" foundation
---
trenches in any kind of soil including triming
the side of trenches, levelling, dressing and
ramming the bottom and bailing out normal
seepage of water, rain water etc. depth of
excavation not exceedir.g l ·S meters anti
without shoring. 58·81 cum 3201)() %cum 188·19

2. Earthwork in filling in founclation trenc•

hei-: with good e.trth, in layers not exceeding

ww
15cm including watering and ramming etc.
layer by layer, with eanh obtained from
excavation of foundation. 11 ·76 cum 260'00 %::um 30·57

3. w.E
Sand filling in plinth in layers not e:xcee•
ding 15cm and consolidating same by tho•

asy
rough saturation with water and ramming
complete, including supplying sand. 29·52 cum 40·00 cum 1,180'80
4.
En
Single fl.it soling of overburnt bricks
including ramming and dressing bed to pro•

ioning as necessary wi1h local sand. gin

per level, and filling joints including cush-
64·32 sqm 18 ·00 sq m 1,157·76
5. Cement concrete (I :3:6) with graded brick
ballast (3cm down). eer
9 40 cum 32S·OO cum 3,oss·oo
1st class brickwork in cement mortar I
I ing
7.
(1 :4J in foundation and plinth

2·s cm thick Damp-Proof Course with

23 04
.ne
cum 28000 cum 6,451 20

8.
stone chips (I :2:4) with approved water
proofing compound.

1st class brickwork in cement mortar

24·72 sqm 13·00 sq m t
32J·3o

(l:6J in superstructure. 71·04 cum 2SO·OO cum 17,760·00

9. lOcrn thick brickwork in cement mortar

( 1:3) with H. B. netting of approved qualitv
in every third layer. •
I21 ·12 a:im 33·00 aqm 802·56

10. Cement concrete ( I :2:4) with graded stone

chips (20mm down) excluding shuttering and
reinforcement. 18"53 cum 41000 cum 7,597 30
11. Hire and labour charges for providing
stout props. centering and shuttering (upto
4m) with hard wood at least 2·5 cm thick.
c.o.
152•33
·~~\ 16-~0 ...
sq m 2,437·28
, 40,982·02

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SL.
No.
j Description
ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS

!
--,
Q uantity Unit/
·--
--Un11 -
Rate / of Amo~nt
Rs. P. Rate R, . P.
I
-
B. F. · .. 40,9~2·02
l2. M. S. reinforcement including cutting
requisite length, hooking and bending to
correct shape, placing in proper position and
binding with 16 gauge black anneale wire
at every intersection a~ per drawing and
direction. 14·55 quin 600·00 quin 8,73o·co
13. Indian Teak wood work in door and

ww
window frames fitted and fixed complete in-
cluding protective coat of painting at the
contact surfaces of the frames. 1·092 cum 600'00 cun11 6,552 00
14.
w.E
3'75 cm thick 1st class Indian Teak wood
panel shutters with I 9mm thick panel of
doors and windows as per design (each panel
i

asy
consisting of single plank without joint inclu-
ding fitting and fixing ~ame in prn,ition and l I
lsqm
En I
including the cost of hi:1ges and fittings. l 7·71 sqm 200·00 3,542·0()

15.
gin
3·75 cm thick Fixed-Louvre shutters of
windows with 1st class Indian Teak wcod as
per design including fitting and fixing same

and fittings.
e
in position and including the cost of hinges
12·72 sqm
eri 19S·oo sqm 2,480' 40

16. 3·75 cm thick Olazcd shutkrs of windows

with 1st class Indian Teak wood. as per
ng
design I with ordinary gla&s (of 7·4).;g./sq m)
including fittir1g and fixing shutter in position
.ne
11.
and including the cost of hinges and other
tittings.

M. S. Ornamental Grill with 30mm x

13'5S ( sqm 140 00 sqm
t
1,897"00

6mm flats for windows fitted and fixed in

position with necessary screws. 14 OS I sqm uo·oo sqm l,S45·50
18. M. S. clamp for fixing door and window
frames 37·5 cm Jong end bifurcated and
fixing in walls with cement concrete (1:2:4) 126 No~. 2"65 Each 333·90
I

19. Supplying, fitting and fb:ing Anodised !

Alluminium band rail 100mm x 6mm thick I
I
· with 15cm long leg. S·38 rm I so·oo rm 430"40,
20. 7·5 cm thick Terraced flooring of lime I

concrete with stone lime surki and over !

burnt brick: ballast (2•S cm) laid to proper
slope, thorouahly beaten and curied. so·os sqm 32·00 sq,m ·~!!_5
C. O. . .. 69,055·77

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180 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description I I I].~.Rate P. IR11te

Quantity Unit
Untt1
of / Amount
Rs. P.
I 69,055·77

21. Marbulitc work in floor, dado, skirting,

staircase etc. including cost of tiles laid in
patterns as directed including necessary
under lay and high polishing complet 25mm
thick floor and 19mm thick dado in position. 104·46 sqm 75 00 sqm 7,834·50

22. 25mm thick grey artificial stone in floor,

dado, etc. with cement concrete (1 :2:4) with

ww graded stone chips laid in panels with 6mm

thiclc ski11ning and smooth finishing at top

w.E
mad~ up with cement and including rounding
corners. 16'44 sqm 23·00 sqm 378· 12
23. 12mm thick plaster with cement and

asy
sand (I :6) rnotar to waII including roundin~
ofT or chamfering corners as directed and
and drip course where necessary.
En
racking out joints including throating, nosing
469"80 sqm 6'75 ~qm 3,171·15
24. Neat cement punning about t ·5mm thick
in wall, dado etc. gin 46·38 sqm 2•50 3qm 115·95
25. 6mm thick plaster with (1 :4) cement
eer
mortar to wall, ceiling ete, including round•
ing off or chamfering corners as directed and
roughening of concrete surface including I ing
throating, nosing and drip course where
necessary. 117"7d sqm
I
1
.ne
5"15 ~qm 64 I '90
26,
Dry Distempering to interior wall;; or
ceiling, with a coat of priming including
washing, cleaning and smoothening surface. 405 sqm 2-35 sqm
t
951·75
27.
Dcco~ative cement based paint of appro•
ved quahty (two coats) after preparing bed
including scrapingthe surface thoroughly
on concrete or plastered surface as per
Manufacturers specification. 182"58 sqm 2·75 sqm 502 10
28.
~ainting two coats (any shade as directed)
on timber surface with best quality Synthetic
Enaf!1el paint or oil bound paint of best
quality of approved make and brand includ•
ing smoothening surface by sand papering etc, I I 5' 14 sqm 1·00 ,qm scs 98
C. 0. IS3,457·2.l
--
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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 181

SL.;
No. -
Description
- . -
--
I __
...:...,_
Qu.1 Unit
____
;.._
u~r
IRs.RateP. I__
Rate
_..;.
\Amount
Rs. P
--:._

B. F. !83,'157 l.t.

29. Painting two coats with superior quality

alluminium paint of approved make and
I
brand including smoothening surfaces by
sand papering etc. on steel surface. 14"23 sq m s·so sq m 78'26

30. 100 mm dia. Down pipe consisting of as-

bestos cement pipes and necessary head or Y
junction, bends or single or double junction.
offsets, shoe etc. conforming to I. S. 1626-
1960 with 1. S. certification mark including
I
ww
caulking joints with tarred gusket and
grouting with cement mortar and providing
necessary cowl, grating etc. fitted and fiixed

31.
w.E
in position with necessary clamps, nails etc.
and painting two coat~.
C. J. Ventilator 15cm x 15cm of approved
24·00 rm 18"00 rm 432·0Q

asy
type including tltting 111 d fixing in position,
and cutting holes, setting in ctment mortar
( 1:4) mending damage to wall and painting
two coats of approved brand and shade.
En 14 nos 3·00 Each 42"00

gin Total= 8,4UU9·48

Add 10% co~t of building for water supply and sanitation... = 8,400 95
Add 9% ,. ,, ,, Electrification works -
eer
7,S60'85
Total= 99:971·2s-
Add 5% for Contingency ...
Add 2~-% ,, Workcharged Establishment
4,998"5o
2.499"28
--Grand Totat='•,01,469· 12 ing
Plinth area= 14'3mx 7·9m= 112'97 sq m Say Rs. 1,07,469 00
Plinth area rate including the cost of water supply and sanitation and electrification .ne
works = ~~----~,o-7, 4~9___ = Rs.951 ·30 per sq m
112·97 sq m
Comparatln cost of different portions of Greund floor on percentage basis : -
t
Work value.of the building excluding water supply. sanitation and electrification
= Rs. 84,t09"48 say Rs. 840 to·OO
(i) Cost of foundation and plinth including D. P. C. (items 1 to 7)=Rs. 12,384"88
:. Comparative cost =Rs. 12.384·88+Rs. 84,010- 0·147 i.e. 14'7%
(ii) Cost of brickwork in superstructure (items 8 to 9) =Rs. 18.562·56
:. Comparative cost =Rs. 18,562·56+ 84,0lO =0·221 i.e. 22'1 ~;,
(iii) Cost R. C. C. works including roofing (itemcs 10, 11, 12)=Rs. 18,751·78
;. Comparative cost =Rs. 18,751·78+Rs. 84,0I0=0·223 i.e. 22"3%
(iv) Cost of Door and Windows (items 13 to 18) =Rs. 16,3S0·88
:. Ccmpa1athe coi.t =Rs. 16,350·88+R~-. 84,010= 0·195 i.e. 19·5%
(v) Cost of flooring (it(ms ,Oto 22) =Rs 10,i75 17
:. Conpa1ative cost ...,Rs. 10,7iS"l7+Rs. 84.0lC= 0·128 i.e. 12"8%
(vi) Cost of plastering, fm1shing, rain water pipes, stair rnilinf itm.s (23to3l & I 9)
' =Rs.7,171·49
:. Comparative cost=Rs. 7171·4S+ Rs. 84.010 = Ofl86 i.e. 8·6%
Check Total== IOU

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18'2 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

ABSIRACT OF ESTIMATED COST FOR FIRST FLOOR OP BUILDING-lo

Note-Star mark by the 1lde of s/. no. indicates higher rate {011 additfonal ,torey.
Unn
SL. De~cription Qu /unit Rate of Amount

* 1.
No.

First class brickwork in cement mortar (1 :6)

-- - -
63'54 cum
Rs . . p.

256'00 cum
-Rate Rs. P.

16,266"24

*2. 10cm think first class btic,kwork in cement

mortar (1;3) with H. B. wire netting 27'66 sqm 40·80 sq m 1,128·52
I

*3. Cement' concrete(l:2:4) excluding shuttering

and reinforcement with stone chips 20"37 cum 416"00 cum 8.473"92
4.
ww
Hire and labour 1.hargcs for centering and
shuttering ·I , 188'06 sq m 17"50 sq m 3,291 ·os

•s. w.E
M. S. reinforcement including cutting requi-
site length, hooking & bending etc. 15"9-i qn 603·50 quin 9,649'96
6.
asy
7·S cm think lime terracing on roof with
slaked lime t2 : 2: 7) laid to proper !>lope

En
thoroughly beaten and cu red, including top
fi11ishing. shaping and finishing at mouths of
rain water pipe, etc.

1st class Indian Teak wood work for framesgin

lC6'40 ,qm 33·50 sq m

6,oco·oo
3,458•0()

eer
7. 1' 130 cum cum 6,780'00
8. 3·75 cm think 1st class Indian Teak wood

9.
panel shutters with 19mm th ick panel
,
3'75cm thick Fixed-Louver shutters with 1st.
15·99 ;qm
ing
200·00 sq m 3,198'00

(.klfs Indian Teak wood 1_3·56 sqm 195·00 sq m

.ne2,644 20 I

0.

I I.
3·75 cm thick Glazed shutters of windows
with 1st. clas's Indian Teak wood as per design

M.S. Ornamental Grill with 30mm x6mm flahj I 5"86 ,gm

1s·s1 sqm 140'00 sq m t
2,171·40
110·00 sq m 1,744'60
12. MS. clamp for fixing frames 37·5cm long 128 nos 2'65
•
Each ~39 ·20
I 3. Anodised Alluminium hand rail 6"96 rm so·oo rm 556·80
14 . Marbulite work with precast tiles 25mm thick
floor and 19mm thick dado 106'96 ~qm 76'00 sq m 8,128 95
1s. 25mm thick grey artificial stone with 6mm
thick skinning and smooth finishing 26"97 ,qm 23"50 sq m 633'79
16. 12mm thick cement plaster (1 :6) to wall 601'06 ~qm 6'90 sq m 4,146'90
c.o. ... ... ... ••• 72,611 '53

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 183

SL.
No
I Description l I I
1 Qu.init Ra e
Qu.
Rs. P.
Unite
of Amount
Rate Rs. P.

B. F. I 72,611'53
17. Neat cement punning about t ·Smm thick 11·10 sq m 2·so sq m v· 42'75
*18. 6mm thick plaster with (l:4) cement motar .•• 122'36 sq m s·ss sq m 679·26
*19. Decorative cement based paint two coats 261'88 ~q m 2·so sq m 733'26
20. Dry Distempering to interior wall ceiling
ww
with a coat of priming .. ,. sq rn
. " -436·16
21. \ Painting twn. coats with best quality Synthe- ·, '
2•35 sq m 1,024·97

w.E
tic Enamel paint on timber surface 122·66 sq in•
'
1·00
.
sq m 8,58"62

23. asy
22. Painting two coats on metal surface

100mm dia. Down pipe of asbestors cement 21·00

15·86 sq m
rm
s·so
1s·oo
$Q m

rm
87·23

37~·00
24. C. I. Ventilator. En... 14 nos
·-
3·00
Each
..
,

42'00

gin Total -TTs1·6

7 ,
Add 10% cost of building for Watersupply and Sanitation ... = 7;-64 J 62
Add9 °110 ., .,
eer
,, El ectn·r·1cat11)n
· works 6881·18
... =i-~--=-:-
Total .. 'IV,984·56
Add 5% for Contingency
Add 2½% ,, Workcharged Establishment ... ing
... .,. 4,549·22
... = 2,274·61
= 112'97 sqm (same as ground floor) .ne
Grand Total = 97,808·39
Plinth area Say Rs. 97,808'00
Plinth area rate including the co~t of watersupply and sanitation and electrification
97,808
t
works -=Rs. 112 .97 s~ m •Rs 865·78 per sq m
Plinth area rate of the two storied building=Rs. 951'30+Rs.865·78
=Rs. 1,817'08 per sq m
Estimated cost of the two stried building =Rs. 1,07,469·00+Rs. 97,808'00
=Rs. 2,05,277·00
ComperatiYe c11t of cllffere11t stony of tbe b1lldi11 on percentqe buJt :-
_Cost of second storey Rs. 97,808 0,91=
C Jst of first storey Rs. 1,07469
Cost of 2nd storey is 9l %to that of first storey of the building.

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184 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

3.11, RenOYatloD Estimate for an old Baildln,: :-
The owner uf an old two storfrd building intends to reno,ate the Joi/owing it1m1 and
quantltie., of works through a contractor. p,,,~are the nuessary schedul~ of lt•ms 01"
esli'flote for the contract adopting local P. Jt. D. rates.
(al The old terraced ruofover 1st. floor consisting of M. S. tee rafters and tiles shall
be dismantled and 10cm thick R. C. slab with 0'8% reinforcement shall be laid over the
R. S. J. beam, for an area 97 sqrn,
(b) The R. S. J. beam!> shall be encased for 20cm x 50rm by cement concrete,
(c) The old artificial !>tone flooring !>hall be dismantled and marbulite work with
precast tiles over lime concrde terracing under floor upto 5cm think shall be provided for
an area 60 sq:n at floor and with dado 78sqm,
(di Outside walls shall be 12mm thick newly plastered after removing the old plas-
ter and tw" ~oat~ of Decorative cement based paint shali be applied for an area of 450 sq m,
(c) Panel donr and window shutters shall be painted two coats of Synthetic paint

ww
w,th a priming coat after removing the old paint for 3u sq m,
(fl The 10 cm dia. C. l. down water pipes shall be renewed and painted for SO rm

w.E
with 6 nos, C. I. Y-junctions.
DE'iCA.lPrIO.~ Oll' WORK AND ABSTRACT OF COST FOR THE GIVEN QUANTITIES

SL.
. No.
I asy
De!>cription
I I l
Qu. Unit Rate \
Rs P. Rate
ui,:1 I Amount
Rs P

I. En --·--

Dismantling. terraced roof in any floor taking

kmg i.erv1ceable materials at site and remo-

ving rubbish within a lead of75 metre gin
out carefully ules with tees, sorting and stac.

97
eer
sq m 3'00 sq m 291·00
2. Hire and labour charges for providing stout
props centermg and !>hutterrng upto 4m with
nard wood 2·scm thick and striking out same
upto the roof of first tloor (consider lO ~'o less ing
of97 sqm for wall arcu) 87·3 sq m 17"50
.ne
sq m 1,527·7
3. Cement concrete ( I :2:4) with graded stone
chips excluding shuttering and reinforcement
upto roof d 1st. floor
(Quantity =97 x ·10=9·7 cum) 9•7 cum 41 o·oo cum I
t
3,977'01
4. M. S. reinforcement for R. C. C. work inclu-
ding supply of rods, initial straightening and
cuttin~ requisite lenght, hooking and bending
to correct shape, placing in proper position
and binding with 16 gauge black anneale
wire ttt every intersection complete.
Quantity= (97 X • 10 x •8fl00J x 78·5-6"09q. 6·09 quin 600·00 quin 3,654·€
5. E!1casing_ R. S. joist beam with 16 B. W. G.
wire netting and cement concrete ( l :2:4,
with overburnt brick ballast including finish-
ing with 12mm thick cement plaster (1 :4) 10 sqm 40°00 sq m 4000
I C. O. ... ... ... ... 9,893""

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ESTIMAT!: OF BUILDINGS llS:>

Unit
Description Quantity Unit Rate of Amount
SL Rs. P. Rate Rs. i>.
No-.. ,___________________ ,

B. F. 9193·75
6 Dismantling artificial stone flooring upto
Scm thick by careful chiselling without damag-
ing the base and removing rubbish within a lead
of 75 metre. 60 sqm 2·so sqm 150'00

7 Under flooring with lime concrete (l½:2:7)

terracing beaten ineluding filling up depressions
and levelling up properly · upto 5cm thick in
60 ,gm 10·00 sqm 600·00
1st. floor.

!I Marbulite work with precast tiles ~et in lime

ww
motar (1:3) ift floor, dado laid in pallern includ•
ing necessary underlay and including corners
and high polh,hing complete 25mm thick in

w.E
floor and 19mm thick in dado portion in first
floor in any other colour except green. 78 sqm 76·00 sqm 5,928·00

9.
asy
Striping c,ff worn out plaster and racking
out joints of walls 'tlpto any height in any floor
including removing rubbish and stacking within
the compound.
En 450 sqm 0°98 sqm 405·oo

10 12mm thick plaster to wall with cement

chamfering corners upto 1st floor. gin

and sand mortar (1 :6) including rounding off or
sqm 6·90 sqm 3,tos·oo
eer
450

11 Decorative cement based paint on plastered

12
surface including scraping the surface thorough-
ly and preparing bed vpto 1st floor.
Removing old paint from blistered painted
450 sqm
ing
2·so sqm 1,260°00

surface with application of soda or any approv-

ed chemical paint remover and exposing the .ne
13
original surface including cleaning and thorough
washin~ to remove all traces of the removing
agent.
Painting to timber surface two coats with
30 sqm 1·so sqm t54•00
best quality Synthetic Enamel paint · including
smoothenin& the surface by sand papering. 30 sqm 7·00 sqm 210·00

14 Renewing 10 cm dia. C. I. pipe only of

down pipe fitting and fixing in position and
painted two coats. so rm 26·00 rm 1300'00
15. Renewing 10cm dia. C. I. Y-junction of
down pipe fitted and fixed in position and
painted two coats. 6 nos. 16·00
Total=
Each I 96·00
23,005 7)
Add 5% for contingency--
Add 2½% far W.C. = 11.1so·2s
S75·14
Grand Total= 24,7l1' H

24

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186 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

3-12. Draw ap a prellmlnary estimate of a bulldia1 lncladiDI the c:ost or wa•«

npp1y. sanitation and eleetrlfication.
The different sub-heads to draw up a preliminary or appr<;>ximatc _estimate _have btt
diagramatica•ly ~bown below. It excludes the cost of land which 1s widely ~ariablc fici
place to place.
Preliminarv e!>timate.

I I

(1)
I
Cost of building structure (21
I
Cost of water (3)
i
Cost of
I
(4) Cost of
(from plinth area rate or i,upply. sanitation. electrificauon

ww
cubic ratr.)
(I) Cost or bulldtni structure -To estimate the cost of building structure multi pl:

w.E
the plinth area by tht: local plinth area rate. The plinth area should be calculated
taking external dimensions of tt1e building at the plinth. Court yard and other o_pe!1 are;
should not be included in the plinth area. At the beginning, when plan of a bu1ldm!!-

asy
not yet been prl·pared or available determine the total floor area of all the rooms, corndoi
verandah, kitchen, W.C. and bath etc. according to requirement of the owner and ~th.
the total areas thus found. may be added for walls and waste to gate the approximate 1011

En
plinth area. Fur one ruomed or small building add {th of the total floor area instead
~th. as stated above.

gin
Cubt Rate Estimate-The method of estimating building cost by the cubic metr1
of volume is more accurate 111 general, than the method of estimating costs by phn1t

eer
area. Bt'camie cost of buildings depends not only on their pltnth area but also or
their respective height. The best way of estimating costs by the cubic rate is to find tht

ing
volume of the building (length x breadth x height) and then multiply the volume by tbt
local cub,c rate. Length and breadlh should be measured external to external e:xcludrn!
plinth offset, corbelling. string course etc. The height should be measured from the to

.ne
of the flat roof (or half way of the sloped roof) to half of the depth of the foundat101
below the plinth. Parapet is not to be included.
The rate of the plinth area or cubic estimate depends upon the standard of specifici·
tion and location of the site. The latter one influences the cost of building materials an, t
labour. For instance, cost of br_icks, sand, stone chips etc., as well as daily wages of labourer
may be lesser in many district towns in comparison to their costs in capital towns. Thi
plinth area or cubic rate also depends upon the planning and arrangeu1ent of rooms. I
the total length. of the walls within the specific area be increased by making less spacio11
rooms. the rate will have to be increased proportionately and vice-versa.
However, for plinth area method an average rate of Rs. 775 (or Rs. 72 per s
ft.) may be recommended for construction of ordinary one sto1eyed building in distr''
towns with R. C. roof but without any provision of staircase and consti:uction of upp,
storeys. For cap.ta) and industrial towns where cost of Jabour and materials (brick
sand, stone chip,. woods etc.,) is rather higher this rate may be recommended for Rs. SI
per sq m (or Rs. 75 pi,r sq ft ). Thus for one storeyed building with .staircase an,
foundation for upoer construction upto three storeys the rate should be taken as Rs. 8~
per _sq m. ( or Rs. 81 p_er sq ft.) and Rs. 890 per sq m (~r Rs. 83 per sq ft.) for district ~nl
capital towns respectively. The rates as mentioned above are variable from time to t1!11
according to variation in the cost of materials etc. The rates includes 1'0% contracto~
profit. For metropolitan towns the above mentioned rates should be increased by 5% '

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ESTIMATE OF BUJLDINGS 187

(2) Cost of water Sapply :-Where water is to be tapped from street pipe lines
within a distance, say upto 15m from property line and may be stored in an overhead
storage tank ( placed on the roof) by pre~sure of street pipe line water an amount of
4 to 4~ percent of the cost of the building structure including loyalty charge for pipe
connection ( Rs. 300/-usually) may be recommended. This includes the cost of a stora~e
iank with necessary arrangement to place the same on the roof, fitting fixing of
ihowerbatbs, wash basins, tap connections etc., Cost of expensive fittings bas not been
;onsidered in the above cost •
.
In case where water is to be pumped to the overhead tank after collecting the same
nan underground storage tank from street pipe line, a further amount of Rs. 3,5C0 should

ww
,e provided for purchase of pump and motor ( ½H. P. ) and for construction of the
mderground storage,tank over and above 3½ to 4 percent cost of the building for internal

w.E
,I um bing.

Thus in case where water is to be supplied uy sinking a tube-well (40mm dia. depth

asy
1pto 90m) the cost of underground storage tank, service connection and loyalty char20
oes not arisl'. But due to the cost of the tube well along with the pump, mortar,

En
\ H. P. ) etc., an amount Rs. 7,000 should be provided for in addition to 4% of the

gin
:,~t of building structure for internal plumbing. Thus where supply of water is to be
rovided by constructing a surface well ( 1·2m dia. depth I Sm) fitted with pump and

eer
1otor an amount Rs. 6,000 in addition to 4% of the cost of building (for internal plumb-
1g}. should be provided for. For bard rocky area the cost of a well should be estimated
:parately.
ing
(3) Cost of Sanitation :-In sewered areas where the sewer line lies within a

.ne
istance say, upto 30m from privy, an exces of 5% of the cost of building i,tructuro
ay be recommended for buildings whose cost of structure is upto Rs. 80,000 say (this
t
eludes cost of 4 nos. inspes;tion pits, master trap etc. ). For buildings involving a cost
ore than Rs. 80,000, ~ to 4 ½percent of the cost of the building should be considered.
In absence of sewer line 8% of the cost of the building structure involving cost upto
,. 60,000/-and 7¼ for costs ab.>Ve Rs. 60,000/•may be recommended to provide a sc:pllc
nk, soak pit and all other sanitary works.
For sewered areas tbe total co1t of Watenapply anl, Sanitation may be recommended
1 10% er the cost of tht b11ihllo1 stractare
(4) Cest of Electriftcadoa :-Cost of electrification depends on the type of wiring,
ecificatiou. and location of service line from main meter point. For first clue work of
T. S. wlrla1 an amo■at equi,aleat to 9% of tlae cost of bulldi11 1tract1re may be
:ommeued. This excludes the cost of fans, bulbs etc. To include all such costs 12% of
i estimated cost of the building may be considered fair.

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190 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

60000 =923·08 sqm 1.e.
Or, 100P=60000+20P+15P:.P= 65 · 1· th
p,in area= 923'08 aqm
Cost of building having 923'08 sq m plinth area@ Rs. 400·00 per i;q m -Rs. 3,69,232·Co
Cost of Water supply@ 5% of building cost=Rs. 3.69, 232 x 1~0 ... =Rs. 18,461 ·60
Cost of Sanitation @ 6% of building cost=Rs. 3.69,232 X 1 ~o •·· =Rs. 22,153 92
Cost of Electrification@ 10% of building cost=Rs. 3,69, 232 x -rJlt •·· =Rs. 36,923·20
. . 3,69,2 ~2 X 3
Cost of approach road and boundary wall @ 3% of bu1ldmg cost=Rs. 100- - -
=Rs. 11,076 96
=
Total c<1!lt k!>,4,57,IS4'l 61S
Contingencies 5% of the total =Rs. 22,892·38
Work chaqzed 7½% of the total= Rs. 11.446· 19

ww Grand fotal=Rs. 4,~2,ll:So 2.5

w.E
3-13. Approximate estimate or the quantities of (a) bricks, (b) sand and (c) cement
asy
nquind to construct a proposed building.

En
Many private parties become eager to estimate the approximate quanti_ties of the
above mentioned materials directly from the plan or line sketch ot a bu1ldmg. The

gin
calculation may be done following some ''Thumb-rules" which are described below.
Quantities which are to be calculated following these ''Thumb-rules'' may vary by 10%
(5% as contingency), because such quantities depend on the general specification of the

eer
work, arrangement of rooms, openings for doors and windows and section of partition
walls etc.

ing
(a) Bricb-Applying the "Thumb-rule" let us assume the area of the walls to be ~th
of the total ftoor area and the calculation shall be bricks at the rate of 2150 nos. per sqrn

.ne
of the wall area for a proposed one storeyed building. But if the foundation is designed
for future extension upto 3 storeys this number should be increased by 270 nos. per sq m.
Thus, only for a upper storey, bricks should be considered as 1350 nos. sq m of the wall
area.
To put it otherwise, the number of bricks may be taken as two and half times the t
cost of construction (excluding water supply, sanitation and electrification) of the building.
The first method should be preferred keeping in view the fact that the cost of a building
with a particular plan, design and specification varies in different localities.
(b) Quantity of sand-Quantity of sand should be calculated from a ''Thumb rule" as
o·s cu m_ per sq m of the plinth ~rea for a single storeyed building. For a upper storey
the quantity of sand should be considered as 0·4S cu m per sq m of the outer area. This
is inclusive of the wastage.
t·be,.ijuantity of sand as estimated above does not include R.C.C works and for this
the quantity of coarse sand should be considered as tth of the total volume of fine sand. '
Quo,etlty of ceme111---:ln general where provisions for R.C.C. roof, hntel, cement
plastering, ftoormg there 1s te be cement concrete foundation and in all brick works
where come~t. mortar is to be applied 6: bage per sq m ..of the plinth area for a SJDgh:
store~d bu1ldmg may be 1:commended. For a upper storey construction onJy, 1.tle
quant1~ of cement may be estimated as 5 bags per sq m of the outside area.

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 191

3-14. Comparati,e coat of the different portion, of domeatlc bolldln11.
D~t.ailed estimates for three difforent buildings 2, 3 and 10 along with comparative
costs of the different portions has been prepared previously. Now a comparison of
percentage cost for these different portions of the above mentioned buildings has been
shown below to get some practical informations and to allocate the percentage costs for
other buildings.

Name of the
_port~
I Cost on percenta!be basis
.
.

Building :_\Buikirng 31Bu1lding 10.

Remarks

la) From foun- The foundation and pli.nth walls for

dation to pltnth buildings (2 ► and (3) are thicker than

ww
including D.P.C. 22·28 19·80 14·7 the normal for single storied buildings.

lb) Brickwork
from plinth to
w.E For smaller height of verandah walls
the cost for building (3) is less
parapet 23'89
asy 22·1 than buildings (2) or ( lOJ.

En
le) All R.C'.C.
works including
roofing 28·20 gin The roofing of building (10) does not
include lime terracing and parapet
walls and also the allocation of costs

eer
for (d) and (e) is more due to special
provisions.

(d) Flooring 5 03 ing

The flooring of building (10) includes
Marbulite work
.ne
(e) Doors and
windows 12·80 15·32 19'5
Building (3) provides clearstory window
and building (10) provides with double
t
window ~hutters.

(f) Plastering Building (10) provides cement based

and finishing 7·80 8'55 8 55 wash tQ outside walls.

Total percentage

Now a days there is a demand for modern b11ildings having all the provisions of
Marbulite floor, double window shutters and nicely looked finishing as provided in building
10. So allocation of percentage cost fo1 the different portions may be followed accordingly.

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192 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Roup c:emparative cost of 1be different portions of• domestic balldln1.
In order to get a general idea about the pr_ogress of work ~ccording k> . investment,
the diagram given below showing the comparauve cost of the difforent portions of the
main structure, may be seen.
Total cost 100%(excluding water supply, sanitation and electrification)

-----:-----r-'·---------
Co,Lr foundation'ICost of R.!.c. works Cost of ft!,. ring } Cost of plaster!..

Iw
and plinth 18% 0%
except nx,fing 6% and finishing 9%
Cost of brickwork from Co<t of roofing Cost of doors and
plinth to roof 23% 20% windows 18%

ww I
f
I I I.
C~•;t Upk>
G.L. 13% .Ea
Cost from G. L. to
P.L. and D.P.C. 5%
Co~t of R.C.C.
roof 15% •
Cost of lime
terracing 5%
Expltznatory not~s :-
syE
Foundation-include!, the provision for further construction upto three storeys.
R.C.C. pillars
.R.C.C. roof-includes R C.C. roof and beams. ng
R.C.C. works except roofing includes R. C. lintel. chajja and one or tw0 verandah

Flooring-includes patent stone flooring

ine
Doors and windows-The percentage cost ha!> been alkcated considering sufficient

eri
number of doors for easy access and ventilation along with 1st. class fittin~~.
Plastering and finishing-includes inside and outside plastering, white ar.d colour
wa~hing, painting to wood and iron works etc.
3-15. How to prepare• brief report or a project-Estimates are usually accompanied ng
with a report of the whole project which gives a brief information mainly to the follow-
ing points as shown diagramat1cally below. .ne
- ( -·· -------- I I
REPORT
t
(l)General
(2) Dc~cription (3) Selection
of accemmodation of site
(4)
r I
General (5) Provisions (6) Total cost
I
specification made and how to be

I or works provided in brief

and basis of design, rates
financed

I Brief
fa)
I
(b) Necessity & (a) Area (h) Nature
I (c) Orientation.
history of object of the of
the area
concerned with
project. land.
J~~d. I I I
(a) Electricity (b) Water (c)Sani- (d) com·
I
reference to the project
supply tation pound wall

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 193

3-16. Sab•work :-In the case of a large work consisting of several buildings or
small works or groups thereof or distinct unit each of them is termed as sub-work. For
example a polytechnic building may consist of several distinct units, such as (a) Main
building (bl Work-shop and Laboratories, (c) Hostel building, (d} Statf quarters, (e)
Internal roads, (f) Compound wall etc., and each is sufficiently large and distinct shall be
estimated separately. Accounts of -expenditure shall be kept separate. Thus in case of a
water-supply project which may consist of (a) Head works, (b) Treatment plant, (c) Pump
and pumping machinery, (d) Reservoirs and (e) Distribution system and each of the distinct
unit shall be termed as sub-work.

3-17. S■mmuy of E1tlmafecl Cost:-This is a summation of abstracts of estimated

costs for different sub-works mvolved in a project work and is drawn up separately. Such
a s~mmary page in prepared when a project contains difforent sub-works. Abstracts of
e~tn_nated cost for the sub-works are prepared individually and all arc summed up &bowing
d1st1nctly the name of each sub-work and the estimated amount against each of them under

ww
a be~di~g summary of Estimated cost for the project. From such a summary page the
sanctioning authority also gets a primary information of the detailed estimate.

w.E
3-18. Workl■1 Drawing :-This is a set of documentary drawings required for the
execution and construction ol the works. For building construction this includes founda.
tion. plan, plan of different floors, roof plan, longituclinal and cross sections, elevations,

asy
a~clutecturiy and structural details including details of reinforcement cC1mpletcly dimcn-
s1on~d and bearing all the indications required for construction. Jn the working drawing

En
the site plan and general drainage arrangement are also provided.

3-19. Site Plan :-This is a general layout of site drawn in line diagram to a small

gin
scale with respect to the surrounding plots of land and adjoining roads to locate the site
and to ~how the means of access. In the site plan, the orientation of the ?uilding

eer
along with the North direction line is shown. The position of water and se\\er hoes etc.
may also be provided in the site plan. In the working. drawings site plans are drawn to a
scale of lcm-=5m to lcm=40m.

ing
3-20. lodes PJ~n :-The general layout of a new colony or town showing the

.ne
position of roads, market, hospital, park etc., along wi1h the different plots of land with
plot or building number are shown in sin~le linrF. Such a plan is normally fixed on t~e
entrance or in central park of ii new colony for the iuidance of outsiders. The nercss11y

3-21. Key Plan :-A building project may comprise of a number of buildings or
blocks as in the case of staff quarters and the plans cf all the buildings can not be acco-
t
of Index plan are to get a general idea of the whole project and to locate any plot of l.rnd.

mmodated on one sheet, a key plan at a small scale i!I drawn. The particular building or
block whose details are drawn on a separate sheet is shown by shading on the key map.

3-22. Schedule :-In order to show more clearly than do drawings and specifications
schedule, for d1lf.:n:nt parts of a building viz, door window, R. C. footing, column, beam,
slab etc. are provided. This is a tabular form where all particulars are shown. For an
example a schedule of doors shows the symbol, and size of door, thickness and type of
shutters, size of frames etc.

3-23. Exteraal Senlee■ :-The estimate of a building is prepared considering the

cost o(building structure, cost of internal watersupply, sanitatioR and electrification works.
But the allocation of cost for external servicos if any ,hould be provided in the total
estimate. The External Services includes (1) Clearins site, including the demolishing of any
25

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194 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

old building. Damage of existing roads or adjacent property may occur due to cons.
1ruction of the building, (2} Forming site approach roads_, paths, (3) ~ence!l, gates, bo!ln-
dary wall, shades etc., (4) Laying of wat_er supply, ~ramagc, electric c_ablcs, gas mains,
tire main lines from the property line to service main,(::,) Turfing or_pl_ant1ng trees_ etc.
The cost of external services may vary from 5% to 20% on bualdmgs depending upon
the existing amenities and position of land.

3.z4. Prime Cost :-Prime cost is the net cost or purchase cost of articles at shop,
and refers to the supply of the articles ooly and not to the ~rrying _out of wo~k. No
profit for such supply of materials is allowed. But the cash discount 1£ any during pur-
l'hase (upto 3%) of materials and the actual cost of carriage may be allowed to a contractor.
The owner or the Engineer-in charge should have the right to call for the accepted acco-
unts from the merchants or manufacrurers in respect of those items. During preparat_ion

ww
an esumate it is not alw.1ys po,sible to spe::ify the exact type or brands of materials
,equircd as in the case of door anc! window or watersupply and sanitary fittings according
to the i;hoice of tl1e owner. The owner may supply such articles or may im,truct a con-

w.E
1ractor to purchase such articles for the work. The fitting and fixing charge are paid
~eparately. In order to ex:.;ute such items of work a reasonable amount is provided in
the estimate as Prime cost.

asy
3-25. Day Work :-During execution of a project there may be certain types of

En
works wnich are not included in the schedule and can not be paid by measurements viz.,
special type of architectural works, dism1mtling partition wall under water, taking out rool
of trees during earthwork in excavation for foundation trenches etc. are paid costing on

gin
~he basis of actui.l quantity of materials and labour hour required to comple:e the job and
1s denoted as 'Day Work.' A list of various classes of workmen engaged on the work and

eer
the rate per hour are recorded. Similarly a list of materials requi1ed for the work are
prepared. The prices are to include, cost of materials, labour, overhead, supervision
i.:harges and profit.

ing
~-26. Pro,l1lonal Sam :- Provisional sum is an amount arbitrarily provided by afl

.ne
expern:~ccd e5timdter in the total estimated cost of a project to CHrry out some ~pc:cial
type o! _work who~e dl!tails can not be known at the time of preparinp. the estimate beside
~ Ile ora_ginal work . . Such specidl works viz. installation of lifr, shifling of water lines,
sewer Imes or electric cables are done through licenced contractor or through the re~pect1ve
depa~tmc:nts en~aged by the owner as a separate tender. The Engineer-in-charge should
be= grvrn the rt(Zht to order any test or weighing he considers nere~sary but in case where
t
th e amount of testmg is likely to be considerable a provisional sum sh~uld be provided in
the estimate to cover the cost.

b
.
3-27. lodes: of baUdina cost _:-The cost of construction of a building is coD1pared
a 5ed on t_he dat~m":" 100 for a earned Dack specified year and forward to the present da_te.
Thus the index 1~d1cates the comparison of cost in percentage basi~. If 1970 is based w11h
datum=:= I ~O. the index for 1960 should be 40 and for 1979 should be 170. So the ab:,ve
10 dex 1nd1c~:es the cost of a building as at 1960 was 60o/c less and 1979 is 70% above the
thecostduring 1970. 0 0

1, • _Public Works D~p~rtmcnt, archite~ts and builders should keep a record of ,he
u1fd1ngs they erect giving the date, esu~ated and actual cQ6t per sqm. W.hen applyini
reeords or work cx:cutt>d some years rarher to prof.)osed works due regard should be ba<l
to the current lc\e · ,: '.'i!Ji 1~ C,b ts :,n..-l th ~ cstim1te ~!1l)uld be :i'djusted accordingly.

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDlNGS 195

3-28. Dlmemlons orrooma for residential bolldloas-Tbis depends upon the standard
of living and income of the individual. No bard and fast rule cirn therefore be fixed for
the layout of the plan of a building; but the following informations may be helpful for
general guidanoe.

Typeoflloom Standard type Ordinary lype

Bed Room 4mx5m(l4,.xl6,.) 3mx3·5m(lO"x1:()
Drawing Room 4mx5mtoS·Smx6m(14"xt6'to18'x22') 3·Smx3·5m 02·x12"1
Dining Room 3mx3·Smto4mx5m(JO"xl2,.to 14'xl6,.J 3mx3·5m (10'xl2")
Office Room 3m x 3·5m (10" x 12.,) x
Guest Room 3mXJ•Sm (10"xl2") x
Kitchen 3m x 3'5m (lO''x 12,.) 2·5m x 3m (h,.x 10")

ww
Store
Dres-ing
3m x 3m (10' x 10-')
2·sm x 3m (8'x JO,.)
2·sm x 2 5ni (8' x tr')
x
Bath & W.C. (comb.)
Bath w.E 2·smx3m (8'xl0")
1'8mx2·Sm (6,.x8')
x
1·2m x 1·8m (4"X6')
Latrine
Servants Room 3mx3m
asy
1·2mxJ·8m(4'x6')
(l0'xl0")
l·2mxl·lmt4'x4 1J
x
GHage

En
3m X 5'5m (10"x 18') X

The width of staircase for standard type may be l ·Sm to I m (5' to 3'-6") clear and

gin
for ordinary type 90cm (Y-o"') clear. The width of verandah 2·sm to 3m (!s'to 10") for
standard type and 1 ·zm to 1·88m for ordinary type. Heigi:lt of main room 3"7m foJ

eer
standard type and 3·4m for ordinary type. Height of other rooms ( in case of different

ing
heights) 3m for standard type and 2·75m for ordinary type.

3-29 Comparison the coat of construction of • corner, partlon and cro11 walls.
.ne
t

l I &11.1,K.{IO*) lHIC.K. COR.NLR tOR.MLD

~--'---
1~2-
&'1'
B"R.ICK WALL~
I I><

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196 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

r, •. 1-1• j
I

For a corner
wall contruc-
LYLN tion c Io s er
brick is requi-
I I I\ red in every
I I I\
ww
layer as ha,
beens how n
C.01'1~1..1'1 FORMU> I!,,'( 1.f2 i.,-
' from fig. 3-10
to 3-16. Bur

w.E 2 @.RKK TMICK. WALL!a

for a partition
wall the same
is required

asy only in alter-

nate layer; (fig)
3-17 to 3-19.

En and in a cros,
wall there ,,
no requirement

gin of any closer

brick (fig. 3-20

eer to 3·21) Be-

cause to form
closer brick

ing extra labour is

required and
materials arc

COR.Nll1L foRMllD e.v 2 ._,

2Y.a e..111.,cK. 'Tw1c1<- WALLS
9o•Jo, ... ,. e,,._,.., ..._,. 1.,, 90"u01N-r J!.r.-rwt.l.N l'/26'
.Ya .ne
also wasted for
extra joint~,
corner w a lls

t
11/2 11.R.ICK. lMIC.ll WALLS.. l!.R.ICII. TMICK WALL'!o
therefore cost
more than that
of partition
walls and crms
wall is least
costly as that
of a straight
wall.

I90•.io1N"f0f'IJ.\--a &a11;11,t. CIIOUWALLO" ·~~I.IIICllf, CkOUWM.1.0, l}'1ta ......

,.
I

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 197

EXERCISE-3

E:x:ample-1. Calculate from the drawing of the building as shown in the fig. 3-22 the
quantities and the cost of the following items of works at the rate noted against the
items :-(1) Cement concrete ( I :3:6 ) in foundation @ Rs. 250 per cu m, (i1) Brickwork
in foundation and plinth@ Rs. 180 per cum, (iii) 2·5 cm thick D.P.C. @ Rs. 9'00 per
sq m, (iv) Brickw:>rk in superstructure @ Rs. 250 per cu m,. (v) R.C.C. for bed block
fiii Rs. 325 per cu m.

•oc.m fil.a.f'Afl-.Pll oc.m \.,C.OYUI aoc:.m R. C.t..~U.r.

ww ""
tUIII CO,.TUUOUI LIH't'IL
"'
Note : The bed block

w.E .,..,
I! 2Ccm x 20cm shall be of
R. C. monolithic with

asy .-2.•!ltf'I .... c..

the roof slab and shall
be continuous over all

En
bOC.IW 6cm LUil tONC.A.\.TE.
~~---•-------.---- __ OVlR A.N.tCII. FLAT __ • ., . . . . 6,L. the walls to act as a
t: OCll I ~~ member of resistance
~
\

\
- t ,.,. I-'-

w,
•• "" 1·
-tu,■ I- SECTION ON A....

g- ·-in
w,
-t ,..,,,_ against earthquake.

-~ --
.C'OIU
,.. . "-"'·9.

,4·om
eer
i
I
. ing
.ne
I!
w w

\ I
w,
,.JI D D 11... p:._:-::-::,:-..r.=
w,
D =2m x 1·2m
W =1·5m x l·Sm
t
- "'-·· 3•sm----
W 1 =lm xl·5m

w ~
r -""-
w
:.
Ans:-
'
j
. (i) 1"96 cum,
(ii) 13·79 cum,
Rs. 490·00 with steps
Rs. 2482·30 -do•
0
aoem '"-U,t>
(iii) 6"76 sq m, Rs. 60·80
IIC'lltfUU -
(iv) 11·20 cu m, Rs. 4300·00
(v) l·Slcum Rs. 490·80

PIG. 3-22
Scale : lcma:lm

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191 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Exam le-2 Prepare detailed estimate of t~e quantities of the items as follows,_ for
p ·n fia 3 23 An abstract of cost ts also to be prepared at I he rates given
a h ouse s hown 1 • - • • · 1· @ 2 80
against each-(i) Earthwork in excavauoo for foundation and p mth Rs. • per cu m,
(iii) Masonry in sup.:rstructure,@ Rs. 188 per cum.
w
D== 1·2m x 2·2m
W=-·90mx t·2m
W 1 =1"8m x 1·2m

,ocm.L.C. OVER
,ocm..a.c. w 3-6fflX 3.om 3 . 6ffl x a . om w
~--.-::
~li'«::lc -..3:i.

ww VERANDAH
2 .4ffl WIDE w

w.E
eo
asy I ~ILLAAS
40cm x 40 cm
~;_-;.~.i~-~ T En
1--.,.,0 ---t
FIG. 3·23 gin
An• :-(i) 26·57 cum
eer
(Ii) 9·50 cu m (iii) 46·88cu m

ing
Example-·3 Estimate the quantities of work of the following items for construction of
the building shown in the fig. 3-24.
(a) Farthwork in excavation in foundation ; (b) Brickwork above ground level,
(c) 8 cm thick cement concrete floor over a brick f!at. (d) 8 cm lime concrete terracing
over roo(, (.:) 10 cm R.C. roof, {f) 12 mm thick cement plastering.
,---~---, .ne
au, "OOM 7
I
t
••-•·"'· I

.
w,
I

J
D

D w,
,----.J
ORAWINCi
1 ••••.Plioo1se•••
: ... u.. ,. •c1111. L.c: evu a
ROOM
"-! . ealCK 9'1.AT

.' II.JI, ALI. DIM&N•t•Na Aa&

IN C.'M• UN1o••• . . . . . . . .
w1•s M&N,-leN&a

HGit9N Of WALL
l5A ► S...,..1C.ffl •J,n ..

PIG. 3-2~

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 199

EsampJe-4. Estimate the quantities of the following items of work of t,he building
the given d•wings as shown in the fig. 3-25. (1) Earthwork in excavation in
Jation. 12) Lime concrete in foundation, (3) First class brickwork (1 : 6) in founda-
and plinth, (4) 2'5 cm D.P.C., (5) First class brickwork in superstructure, (6) Cement
rete in R.C C. work for roof slab, lintel and beams, (7) Wood work for door and
dow frames.

~•••c•wo111k

-- ~
-1 .. ~
SECJION OF

ww DWARF Wf.LL

w.E ~
A'-L DIMSNIION• Alllt
INc,n. UN\-111 OTMaa~

asy
w••s M&t1TIO .. •O.
1.11,,.aa.a •"Ill DOOR a
•'"••.., .,. ... ,,. •• 1s c•.
... ""'"•·
1'MtCM Wl?M &ea.., ,

En
gin
eer ICWl L,C. ew&•
t0C .. . a.c,~.WL~8

.....
10 cPR. flee

ing
.ne
-,
f".1...

~~-
L..c:..
t•effl,L,C,

··•'""
eN a.o••
l'I Ctl . TklC• o . .-.c,
I.•• •'Ill • PA,-1,MT ITONI. •1.eOt1
Y"I &W\ . LIMI. COHCa&Tll
•11tCk ON 106& t
1-u.j

~ O N ON A.B. SEC. OF SQ, PILLAR SECTION OF WA\ L.

l&OLATEQ

I
FIG. 3-25
Schcdu le for Doors and windows :-
Ans :-(1) 32·39 cum
Size Frame Description (2) 12•29 cum
(3) 21·J0 cm m
~1·2m 10cmx8cm Panelled (~J 1s·27 sq m
t·smx 1·sm ., ,. (5) 53·11 cu m
1·2n1x lm ~ ., ~-:'11 (6) 11·.l61 cum
(7 J 0·474 cu m

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191 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Exam le-2 Prepare detailed estimate of the quantities of the items as follows,_ for
a h ous..• • hpown 1•n fia• 3• 23 · An abstract of cost is also to be prepared at the rates given
. for foundation · and p 1mt· b @ R 2 80
against each-(i) Earthwork: in c:iitcavation s. . per cu m,
(il1) Masonry io superstructure,@ Rs. 188 per cum.
w w
n ... 1·2mx2·2m
w-·90mx 1·2m
W 1 =1'8m x t·2m

IOCffl.L. C. OV£R
10cm..-.c. w 3,618 X 3 .om
l-
T s . 6ffl x 3 . om w
......
.,NJIIUlil:;a."fl!ll7,..1
~~ I

o◊ 0

ww VERANDAH
2 .4ffl WIDE
0 E
tn

1 ___ w
:L40--..,~ .Ea _._
N

3 -6 f f l ~ - - - ~ ·
E
:
.
__!2,_
0

½ syE 4 PILLARS
40cm x 4o cm
CD

ng
FIG. 3-23
ine Pt.AN

eri
An• :-(i) 26·57 cu m (Ii) 9·50 cu m (iii) 46·88cu m
EJtMDple-·3 Estimate the quantities of work of the following items for construction of
the building shown in the fig. 3-24.
(a) Farthwork in excavation in foundation ; (b) Brickwork above ground level, ng
(c) 8 cm thick cement concrete floor over a brick ftat . (d) 8 cm lime concrete terracing
over roo(, (.:) 10 cm R.C. roof, (f) 12 mm thick cement plastering.
r--·.;;;··-, .ne
~ , -.... -i,i-
-__ -.=311~
.""... ,... aa:o "OOM i
I
T
t
·~~L
• • . • 4111 .

.
w,'' ..Ls,:,.,._,...._..........
•cWI.TMICN. L..c. . . . . .
••••••uuca ••- · •1.••

D
~~NMG
&"411\. X Ill\ .

D
D
J'
T.!"

,. .. !--'
!.,.,••&•.•••,u•••
DRAW INCi
ROOM
.
, eMu.,,a
-.:
.:
' '
•c'M . a...c; •v- a
•1111cM. .., .. ,.,.
'

Jl&A,, AL~ DIM&Net. . . a . All&

IN C.ffl• ......... OTIIS ■•
w1• ■ M&N,.le ..... .

IICIION Rf WALL
\. - ........ s ... ,~_t'\_ ., ....

PIG. 3·24

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS 199

Esamplt-4. Estimate the quantities of the following items or work of tthc building
0 the given d"1wings as shown in the fig. 3-25. (1) Earthwork in excavation in
idation, 12) Lime concrete in foundation, (3) First class brickwork (l : 6) in founda-
' and plinth, (4) 2"5 cm D.P.C., (5) First class brickwork in superstructure, (6) Cement
:rete in R.C C. work for roof slab, lintel and beams, (7) Wood work for door and
ndow frames.

~oc•w••~
L.C.-ll*
~ .....
i
I

SECJ!O'i oi:

ww DWARF WALL

w.E ,t!.&L
""" ou11a11a,0N1 ,., ....

asy
IN C ... . VM•&II OTM&II•
WIIK MIN,-10fll0•

1,Ht'tlLa ••&•
w,.... ._ ...... , ....
DOO"-.
1S C-111,

En
9M1CM IIIW'I .. M aec .... ,
•aA••N· ,

Pl.AN

gin
eer 1e111. 1. .c. o•&•
· ,.....,., ..... ., .c..,LA.a
•c-r.t
"'1
lf;Cffl
'11.0PI.
IOCfl'-flllCC.
•1.1o ■
A ,,e, ing
...ne
L.U,ITI.L

II
_ _ _ _ ___. 40 ~C. , L-..r

10
.
10 t:.-'"' •"- .c.

••uctc
.... 1,0&1
l'I c•. TklCk 'O,.._C,
t.•S «•• PA.Tl.MT IITONI •1.eo11
,. •• •'M• '"'"" c•Mc:a&'TI
•••C9' ON &Na
t
<~,,.:J~oNc••a~
SECTION ON A -8, s.tc. OF SQ.PILI.A.A SECTION OF WAL~
l:30LATED

HG 3-25

I
Schedule for Doors and windows :-
Ans:-(!) 32'39 cum
IC Size Frame Description (2) 12·29 cu m
t- (3) 21·J0cmm
2mx1·2m 10cm x 8cm Panelled (~> t5·27sqm
t·5mx 1·sm -, ,. (5) 53·11 cu m
____ 1·2mx,_lm "' ✓ ' 1;,n C.. (6) ll'..!61 cum
(7 J 0·474 cu m

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200 ESTIMATING, C0STlNG AND SPECIFICATION

E:umple-5 Estimate the following items of work from the fig. 3-26 for an Inspection
Bungalow ;-(a) Earthwork in excavation for foundation, (b) C. C. ():3:6) using 25 m111
to 40 mm hard stone aggregates for foundation, (cl First class brick masonry in foundation
and plinth (l :6), (d) Dressed Sal wood work in frames (chowkats) fitted and fixed
complete, (c) 40 mm thick Teak wood work in panelled door and window shutters
( f) JO cm thick lime terracing wi1h brick ballast (khoa) over R. C. C. roof.

INSPECTION BUNGALOW

.!! ,N C'llft, U'l&.ll,t. o,- Mt.

¥,nae MltNTtOH•o.

10 C'M. WALL I& TO •e

aun.. TUP " • • " ""•o"'

ww
LIIY&I.,

w.E 1>,
.t
ft, C .c.
t..l .. TS.L
B• ►in

asy 1>,

CJ SUIT£-U ~
c.a.w"'""
■ 9Cffl,0PC

10 Cffl, L.,1:-.

En 1>,
w,

gin
w,
It
SEC. OF ~OCM.W/1.Lt.,
~

eer 20 CM, SQUAllt. P\\..LAF\

ing
... ,oc.m . '- · c . ovr.111.
-10 ,m. t1.,;.c.at.Aa
- fl,C , C. 8AND LIMTCI,

.ne
,....,_..,l.d,f--•-•10
C.1'l\, l,.IME. CONC,"l,"TI
___ , ••tCK · L - , IMIII
t
•, \~
• SECTION ON A.B.C.1). SECTION OF WA !..

Schedule FIG 3-26

---,.-------r-----------
Type Size Fra111e Dcscnpuon Scale: lcm=Hm

2m x 1·2m 10cm x 8cm Panelled

2m x Im ., ,.
t·smxl·.liml ,,
1·2m x lm 8cm x 6cm Glaz~
Ans :-(a) 41·56 cu m

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ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS
201
Esample-6. Estimate the quantities of work of the following items for construction of
the building shown in the ti~. 3-27.
(a) Bclrth work in excavation in foundation, (b) Lime concrete in foundation & (cj Brick
mJsonry up to plinth level.

-----
=-:7 640w ---•~!
,---t1..:::0....r;;;=~---,
.....
Ja
L

D1

ww I I aATHt b,
v._ ~1 ,,, 11101 10
D

j LIVING ROOM
D

w.E I • 3.15JC890

,. r•• -IIOO
"i
asy
a, I( ITC HEW

1111·.ICHO
0
,I.

E D
ng -
.

ine
-eri
0
N
► P• •

ng
_e_LAW
.ne
t
tn.J'Jl, ,.., ....,,..
r,ca•a.e,-C'
! r~::....t...c::~,.,..-
80
_, ,..
.. ~o
'"''-',,. ,..
~ ~tt~
~1 ...... , .. '•
L<
L.C.. to DETAILS OF STtPS
~,e--t
I+- IOOCffi -i
FOUNbATJON DETAIU FOUNiATION IETAILS
r2ocm.w.4u; &/ic»~--,,.iu:.,R s~.
t1·1;1;;p~z,,7-

1'11, 3-27

26

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202 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATIGN

ww
w.E .£B.Q.2.~ ~E:CTION ABC;

asy •.
N.B.-Thc
plinth line his
been shl)wn on

En
lO
the plan •
.-
gin 0

•
~
;
!"
0
eer
.
1 .lNCILM,

,----"'--"--"'
ing
Doors:-
.ne
Dl-Fully P4nelled 110cm >< 210m
D 1 - ,, ,, 90cm x 210cm
D 1 -Ledged braced ll0cmXl20cm
t
Windows-
W1 -Window with 3 leaves
110cm x 120cm
W ,-Panelled 110cm x 120cm
W 1 -Ledaed and planked
110cm x 120cm

Ventilator-
V-Olazed fixed 90cm x 60cm
Wall Sbelf-S::90cru x 120cm
PLAN
Scale: 1 cm=l~m Jl'IG. 3-28

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CHAPTER-IV
REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORIS

4•1. Cement-The suitable types of cement for reinforced concrete works are-
(a) Normal setting or ordinary Portland Cement
(b) Rapid-hardening Portland Cement
(c) High alumina Cement
(d) Blast furnace Portland Cement.
(a) Normal Setting or Ordinary Portland Cement-This is made from thoroughly
burnt mixtures of lime stone and clay. A small quantity of Jypsum being added to retard
the time of setting. Its initial setting time is not less than 30 minutes and final setting

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time not more than 10 hours. The compressive strength of mortar cubes (1 part cement
3 parts sandJ should not be less than 11 Skg/cm I at three days and l 75kg/cm' at 7 days.

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(h) R1Jold Hardening Portland Cement-The main physical difference between
ordinary and rapid hardening Portland cement is the greater fineness of the latter. The

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specified setting times of both ordinary and rapid hardening Portland cement are the
same, but the minimum compressive strengths of mortar cubes at one day is equal to
that of ordinary cement at 3 days. The more r:ipid rate of hardening of concrete made

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with this cement facilitates to remove shuttering earlier. It gains the same compressive
strength in 4 days as that of ordinary cement in 2~ rlays. The cost of this cement is
nearly 10 percent more than ordinary cement.
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(c)
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High-alumina Cement-This cement is characterised primarily by its rapid
hardening qualities due mainly to the increased proportion of alumina. The minimum

ing
requirement of alumina is 32 percent for High-Alumina cement where as in Portland
cement the amount of this constituent is generally about 5 percent. The lipecified fineness
is between that of ordinary and rapid-hardening Portland cement. Initial setting must

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take place between two and six hours, and final, settinll within two hours after the initial
set. Although slow in setting, but hardens vary rapidly and has a higher ultimate
strength than ordinarv cement. Compressive strength of concrete made with this cement
becomes as strong in about 1 day as a full matured concrete made with ordinary cement.
Beyond 44°C the strength of this cement drops down as that ordinary cement. High-
alumina cement is cost Iv in comparison to that of Portland cement but it prevents the
t
concrete from attacks of Sea-water and many other corro1ive liquids. It is used wbea
saving of time is of great importance.

(d) Bl,ut(urnace Portland Cement-The fineness, setting-times ar.d trnsil and crrr.-
pressive strengths are the same as that of ordinary Portland cement, but the nquiHn..rnu
for this cement include a slag content between 35 and 65 percent.
Besides the above there are ot!er types of cement which are not used in ordinary
construction viz.
(e) Quick-11ttlng Portland Cement-The initial setting time is S minutes and final
setting time not more than 30 minutes. This is used for construction in running ~atcr.
Although this cement sets so earlier but it hardens as nearly the same rate as ordinary
cement.

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204 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

(/) Low-heat Portland Cement-The initial setting time of this ccm~nt is not less than
I hour and final setting time not more than 10 hours. Although this cement develops
strength at a slower rate than ordinary c~ment, its ulti~ate strength is the 6ame as
ordinary cement. Used for mass construction such as bridge aboutments, dams 1tc.,
where it is necessary to avoid cracking due to beat gt:neration.
Cement of other special kinds, such as Sulphate resistance, Air-entraing-cement are
also manufactured.

4-2. A1gregate1-Coarse aggregate adove S·Smm size and fine aggregate (sand) must
he clean, hard, of minimum porosity and free from excessi,·c quantities of dust. Gravels.
crushed hard stone or crushi::d boulders are the common materials for the coarse aggregate
for structural concrete. Broken bricks are also soa.etimes used for economy and where
great strength is not essential.

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4-3. Size and Grading of Agaregate-The ~ize and grading of aggregate depend
upon the type of the structure. The maximum size of coarse aggregate should be as lar~e as

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possible within the specified limits but in no case be greater than one-fourth of the
minimum thickness or the member and the concrete can surround all reinforcement
thorowgbly.

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Size of coarse aggregate should be as follows : -

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(a) For buildings and most reinforced concrete construction 20mm down to 10mm.

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(b) For thin members, such as ribs and top slab of hollow clay-tile slabs, the largest
size of aggregate be restricted 5·5 mm leu than the minimum clear distance between the
main bars and the size is generally 10 mm.

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(c) For unreinforced concrete larger size 20mm to 25 mm, 40 mm to 50 mm

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upto say 75mm are permissible as in the bottom slab of two-coune road construction.

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. . (d) For unreinforced concrete in large piers of bridges, massive foundation and such
s1m1lar construction 'plumbs' is permitted upto a maximum ltmit of 20 percent by volume
of coocrete.

but not less than 5 percent and not more than 30 percent or the aggregate should pass
through a I.S. sieve no. 30.
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(e} For liquid containers tho largest size of 12mm to S·Smm are generally suitable

4-4. ProportJoas of materials-The various methods of proportioning coarse to fine

aggregates are-Sieve Analysis. Minimum Voids, Arbitrary Standard and Trial Mixtures.
Although the Sieve Analysis is accepted as standard, Minimum Voids method is a
suitable reference for proportions and has no difficuJty at site to give information
regarding the mixture.

In the voids method the proportion of fiine to coarse aggregate should generally be
such that th~ volume of fine aggregate should be 5% in excess of the voids in the coarse
aggregate. Since the volume of voids may be upto 45%, a common ratio is one part of
fine to two parts of coarse aggregate. The mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregate
becomes such as 1 : 2 : 4, 1 : lt· : 3 etc. rotated to dry materials. The water in a damp
coar~ aggre1ate does not appreciably affect the volume, were as in a damp fine aggrepte
may increase the volume by 30% over the dry volume.

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 205

The ratio of l : 2 of dry fine to coarse aggregate should be changed if tests show that
a denser concrete can be obtained by using other proportions.
4-S Suitable proportions for concrete for variou, partl and types or structures under
ordinary conditions : -
(a) Proportion 1:4:8, 1:3:6 sultab/t fur :-plain concrete, viz, foundation piers,
filling. etc.
(b) Proportion 1:2:4 suitable for : beams, slabs, columns, walls, foundations,
bridges, roads (b:>ttom course), retaining walls. etc.
(c) Proportion 1:J::3A (approx.) suitatlt, for :-precast piles, impermeable
constructions such as water tanks, concrete in contaminated ground, road,
(single course) etc.
(d) Proportion J:g:3 suitable for :-long precast piles, precast products, medium
span arches, medium load column, roads (top course) etc.

ww (e) Proportion 1:J:2 suitable for :-long span arches, high load columns and ~uch
similar members.

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4-6. Bulking of Sand - The increa~e in volume of dry sand due to absorption of
nMisture which forms a thin film of water around the particles of sand by frictiona I

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resistance may be called bulking of sand. A moisture content of 2 to 5 percent increa~cs
the volume from 15 to 30 percent. Finer the sand greater is the bulkage. When the moi~turc
content is increased by adding water gradually until! the sand is completely ~aturatcd,

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hulking diminishes practically to nil and the sand occupici:. the least volume as in the dry
state.
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The amount of bulking can be rcadtly determined at !'lite by a ~uitable method as

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follows: Sufficient quantity of sand shall be put loosely into a cantainer of uniform
cross section, levelled off but not pressed down and its depth is measured. The ~anci is

ing
then well mixed and stirred with plenty of water and allowed to settle. The top ~u rfaco:
of the inundated sand shall be smoothed and levelled. The new depth of sand is tho:n

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measured and this is practically equal to that volume which would be occupied by the ~:11111.:
weight of sand when dry. Now the amount of lo5s in the volume of sand is the :,mount of
Bulkage.
If D=depth of sand when damp
D 1 =depth of sand after settling under water
t
then percentage of bulking= D-D, x 100, and this additional percentage of sand
o,
determining at the time of mixing shall be added for correct proportioning of a mixture.
4-7. Qantlty of water :-The s~r~ngth and workability of concrete depend to a
great extent on the amourit of w.1ter u,;e-J in ~ixing. An increase of 10% of water than
the optimum amount increases workability but may reduce the strength by 15'Yt> approxi-
mately and an increase SJ% of w.1tcr than the optimum amount may reduce the strength
by 50% With an excess of more than 50Yo the concrete becomes inadhesive. Exce~~ivc
amount of water in concrete mixing not only produces low strength but also incrca~c~
shrinkage and decreases durability. Alternatively a s:naller amount of water decrea~cs
the streng h and about 10% less may be insufficient to ensure complete setting of the
cement and may produce an unworkable concrete.

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206 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

A rule for determining the approximate quantity of water in gallons to give a strong
concrete of reasonable workability may be given by.
Water reqalr•ent or eoacrete=28% by weJabt of cement+4 % by total wel1ht of
1are1ate1.
If day aggregate has an average weight of 90Ib/cft. the amount of water required in
a batch of 1:2:4 concrete, mixing by volume as 1'25 cft. cement (L·2s cft. cement•ll2lbs)
to 2'5 cft. fine and S cft. coarse aggregate (practically mixed this way).
=0·28 x l 12+0·04x 90(2·5+5)=5: gallons
The above rule (following Dr. Oscar Faber) a ssumes that the materials are non
absorbent and dry . An approximate idea of the quantity of water required=30% by wt.
of cement+5% by wt. of aggregates.
Modern method to determine the quantity of water in a mixture h water-cement ntlo.

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Tbe ratio of the Tolame of mixing water to the volume or cement ls called the water·cement
ratio.

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In practice the amount of water is actually determined at site making 'slump test'
with trial mixtures. A table of water cement ratio by weight is given below for different
mixtures according to the British standard specifications.

Proportio11
asy --;;-s--G5t
I 1:2:4 1:1~:3 1:1 :2

Water cement ratio (by wt.)

En o·43

Weitht of water gin

Quantity of water may now ea~ily be calculated from water cement ratio as
. Ww .5
Weight of cement
eer
- - --~---- - ----- - - - =0 58 for 1:2:4 mix. or, -
We
= 8
.·• Weight of water per bag of cement (I bag =50 kg.) i. c. Ww=50 xO 58 kg. =29 litre~.

4•1 Perml■slble 1tre■1e■ ing

(Note :--one lit re of water weights one kilogram)
In concrete for different Grade or proportion based on I . S.
recommendation.
.ne
Grade of concrete
- -- - - - · -- ---- -
Corresponding proportion of the grade (approx.)
- - - ----------
M 150

1:2 :4
- --
M 200
1 :q : 3
I M
t 250
I : 1: 2
--
M. K. S. units to be adopted kg/ kg/ kg./
sq cm sq cm
29_c~ --
(a) Compressive Stresses due to Bending so 70 85
-
(b) Compressive Stresses, Direct 40 50 60
- - --- - - - -· ·- - -- --- . -
(c) Shear Stresses ( As inclined tension) s·o 1·0 s·o
--
(d) Bond Stress, A ve ra ge) 60 I 80 .
90
In the designation of the concrete mixture as M 150, M 200 etc,, M refers to the mix
and the number is the compressive strength (min wJrks test) in kg/sq cm of 15cm cubes at
2~ days after mixing.

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 207

4-9. The slump Test-Test for a required consistency of concrete is obtained by
slump. Slump is the vertical settlement in centimetre obtained after filling up of a standard
slump cone and turning out the contents on a flat surface. The slump cone is of 30cm
height, of 20cm and 10cm diameters at bottom and top respectively, open 'it both ends and
fitted with handles on sides and foot pieces as shown in the fig. 4-1.

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FIG. 4·1

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Recommended values for slump are as below-
ing
Type of Work Without Vibr~tors
.ne
With Vibrators

Mass concrete, large sections, roads etc. 2"5 cm to 8cm 0 to 2·5 cm t

Foundations, walls and other heavy sections 4 cm to 12 cm 2·5 cm to 6·5 cm

Slabs, beams, columns, and thin members 10 cm to 18 cm 4 cm to 8 cm

with congested reinforcements.

4-10. Reinforcement, hi cement concrete steel is embedded so that the two help
each other in resisting external forces. It has great advantages over other materials due
to its strength, cheapness and adaptability. The coefficient c,f expansion of steel is appx.
equal to that of concrete and as such there ls no relative movement between embaded bars
and concrete due to temperature changes.

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208 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

4-11. Permissible streHes In Steel Reinforcement based on I. S. Recommemdatlons :-

I
Stresses for Mild steel

Type of stress in steel Jrade-1 Grade-II

KG/- kg/
i.q cm sq cm
). Tension other than helical reinforcement in column
or, compres~ion bars in a beam or slab where the
compressive rc:-istancc of concrete 1s neglected -

(a) Bars upto and including 40mm dia. 1,400 1,260

(b) Bars over 40mm dia. 1,300 l, 170

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2. Tension in shear reinforcement 1,400 1,260

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3. Comprc%ion in longitudinal n:inforccmcnt in columns
4. Tenl.ion in helical reinforcement in columons
1,300

1,000
1,170

900

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4. 12 . Length for Bo11d. A bar must be adequately anchored in the concrete to resi~t tensile
forces effectively. There must be sufficient length of bar beyond any section to develop by

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hond bdwccn the steel and the concrete a force equal to the total tensile force in the bar

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at that section. The permi~s1blc bond stress between ordinary l :2: 4 concrete and plain
round bars is taken to be 6 kg/sq cm.

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If the d!ameter of a round bar is denoted by 'D' then tensile force of the bar with a
· ,,o•x· • x r, an d t h.1s w1·11 be equa l to the area of penmcter
.
stress of fr 1s
length, Lx bond .!>trc.!>s (fb ). ingof bar for a bond

1D 2
xf,=11D xLxfb ft
. L= 4fb xD. .ne
Wi1h ft= 1400kg/sq cm and fl =6kg/sq cm L==I 400xD=59D
4X6 t
With ~rade II steel fr= 1,260 kg/sq cm and fb =6kg/sq cm-= 1? 60 x 0=53D
- . 4X6
The bond length calculated above is greater with higher tensile steels and will be
lesser w1th richer mixes. To comply with the I. S. or D.S.I.R. Code, an anchorage is
required in the ca~e of tensile rcinforcC'ment in addition to tht: bad lcn1th, but the B. S.
Code permits tht:! value of anchorage is to be deducted from the bond length. Considering
a worst case 1. S. Code may be followed as Bond length-=Calculated lengih+anchorage
For compression bars as in columns, b~ams, etc. a length of nd shall be provided.
Where, n== Compressive stress in the bar
5 x perm1ss1ble bond stress
In no case value of n shall be less than 12. (For unknown stresses a bond length of
240 should be considered). No hook need be provided for a bar in compression, but a

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RElNFORCED CEMENT CONCRElE WORKS 209

bend is desirable if the end of the bar is near an outer concrete face and it ~hall not he
accounted for anchorage purposes. In liquid containers a straight length of :0 time~ th<:
diameter is recommended for compressive members.
4-13. Ead A■cllora&• er hook :-The best form 1; f anl..'horagc is a ~emi-circular ho,,~.
~
The radius of the semicircle must be not bs
rhan 2D as bhown in the fig. (4-la). In the ~ ¥f~o 1' -
60
:1bs~nce of a hook an additional length ol - - ~ -~-~-~() ~}~ l *
straight bar equal to 14D should be providcc · I
~ · I - .l f o.
Length or hoot-,o. FIG. 4 lb
For 90° bend (fig. 4-lb) FIG. 4-Ja
length of anchorage=6D. In bothwr.ys of hooking ilcm ~hould be their minimum valt!c.
<t-14. L1p1iD 1,ar :-When af bar of required length is not available ' one bar must h••
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l,•pp•:d to the other to a length of 4f'.b x D f::r tensile bars or 30D whicht:ver i~ greall,

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Both ends shall be hooked and firmly
wi r..:d together in the case of ten ,i k
pint. For grade II steel a lcngtl, of

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45D with both ends hooked (as shown
1n the fig. ( 4-2a) is considcrcJ
- ◄ !)1)-

L::ip~ For Tcm:ils Join:s with Hool.i.

~nfficicnt.
For bars in compre••:;pn ~L:d1 En SiJc View JIG. 4-la

columns
La;,_comprcssive_~f ress in the _ha1 xD gin
c::--.. - _.:.-..;_::.-~:.:-·::~
i------5~0 ·•
5 Xfb
or 24D whichever is greater. No eer
LA~S ll'Oa ·nw•1\.I. JOINTa WIT140U"T .
WOOKS. ( s»&.t-w)

its end~ be prnvidcrJ. Grnc rally a Japp;nl!

ing
PIG. 4-lb .
t'qual to 24D without In i!c, :, 1 ii~ rnds is c )'1,1dercd sufficient for cornpre~s,ve mcmbl·r,.
For liquid containers such .i ~ for water tank 30D for vertical bars and 40D f( r hooked
circular rin~s arc con~idcred sufficient. .ne
4-lS. Bent up bars :-The usual practice of bending of a bar near a suppor~ is nt :111
,rngle of 45°. The annle ()f ben d m :lV also be 30" in hollow beams where cffcct1ve dcp1h
is less than l ·S times "'its breadth. The purpose of bend near a support ia two fold. -
fir1tly to resi,t negative hendl11~ momtnf which oceurs 11t th, re:l•" •f th, '""ort and
t
,econdly to re&lst shtar force which l.t great ff at the s"ppo,t.
Fig. 4-3a shows the arrangement ,,r ~\
single system of inclined bars to ~atisfy Liw WUl:N.
,~All~, P: d
- · - --~ - ...J
'1=45 ·sd r4ld .
assumption that the shear r~sistance at a,1.v i==::;:=;;::::::::;;::::::----i
vertical section is taken as the 5um of th<.: ,._
a:
vertical c.Jmponents of the inclined tension ~j
and compression forces cut by the section. ::, •
Bending moment which is maximum (/) I=!====!:=====¼
at the mid span dimir.i~hc~ t.:iwards th~ 81N8LE &VSTEM
FIG. ,c-Ja
27

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ESTIMAING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

210
,upport,; (except c:intilcvers) and the number of _Hcnsile b~rs required to resist t~d'.r:'I
,nomcnt m::iy tltns be n.-duccd near the ends providmg sufficient bond length. Denotm1
•ffectivc depth of a mcml.,t:r by d
l'or 4$ hends-0

Length of cr:ink =
.!_l__ =-'!._ . = J·42d
wtll 4) 0 •707
Length cown·d hy cran"- =d
·. Ex t ra length rcqu for one
henr! = I ·42-·<l=O 42<l. FIG (4-3)
Thus if a bar is cr1141ked at both
ends at 4:;• then total length of
the bu-= L + 2 x ·4Zd where
L=Span.
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Thu, (vr 30° binds-
. d
lcngthufcrank= __... -. =2d
i,m JO
L·ngth covt-:red by crank
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d
· ---= 1·7Jd
lilll JO"
asy F1G (4· 4)
:. Ex.tr:i Ieng.th fl'.quirect for only one benJ-2d -1·73d=0"27d
Thus Ir a bar is cranked at both ends at 30° then total length of bar=L+2 x ·27d.
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4-16. The number •f bars available for bendin1 and the position at which bar~. 1
h,)1tom of bl':tms can be bent up or stopped viving sufficient bond is fl O\\D below 11
dilfrrent end c011ditions. This is applicable for Beams carrying uniformly distributed ln;;t gin
,rnly.
L=Effective span.
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r.,r freely supported
ing
-------------------...!...--=-,...~------.------- Fixed
Interior span (Fi.x~d.

- ...... ... - - -... .ne...

"..111 .. I
....Cl!
·:j
-
,.., d
.,,,
.o 0. "'
- - t<l
C:0 - .,
.....
c"j
....
C:
u --
-·1
Cl!
.....
...
C
'
.....

t«;
C
Cl!
I~

C
....C:Cl!
...
....ro
C:
Cl!
~
Cl!
....C C
0
....cU
C
t':I
i:: C
c,s
....
....IIS
C
0
....t<l
C
0
.;
..,
C:
'o~ .0 0 , <I) .0 0 0 .0 0
..c d• u .0 .0 .r."
... ... ... -
.0 ,1:) .0 .0 .0 .0
':,
z. - E
~
.0

-V,
"Cl
C: 'E
.....
... ..c::
.;;.
.D

-"'
"Cl
C: ....
"Cl .d
.;;.
.0
"'
"O
N
C, ...
'1:1 ..c:
v "'
"O
Cl
N
'0
M
.r:
~
- -- - -- --- -- - - -
N N M <")

-~-- - - -

1 0

2 ·l 5L ·13L •lJL ·21L 09L

3 ·2\L·09l ·t8L ·08L ·30L"l9L'llL/ - ·271, ·16L ·09L

'4 · 25L 1 SL •07L ·22L · 13L ·0SL ·33L·.2'4L'l7L·JIL ·30L ·2:L ·15L1·0JI,
5 ·27L · 19L · 12 L ·0SL"24L ·1 SL ·09L ·04l ·3SL ·28L '2lL ·I GL ·31L -l~L ·18L'13L
t \·30L'21L · ISL ·09L ·2s L 'liL "131 ·oaL ·36L ·30L '24L · 19L ·33L ·27L ·21L1·l6L
7 ·3t_L/·23L ·17L'lJL _·2_9L ·20L ·tSL ·t t_L ·39L "32L ·26L ·22d '34L '29L l-2~1, ·19L
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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 211

-4-17. Stlrnps or Binden-There are bars bent into u:or rectangular sh:1pl:'~ rassintt
round the tensile reinforcement and the bars in the top flange. Rectangular binder and
!inks has been shown in .the Fig, 4-5. Diameter of stirrups normally var its frr,n, S·5mi.
,0 12 mm but 6 mm and 10 mm should be preforred. Stirrups are provided in a hcam te
resist shearing force and these arc placed closer at the ~upport been use shea rin~ f ·rct' i~
greater at these places. No stirrups are generally needed in the middle third of a span, but
,: xecpt in simple beams as lintds they should be provided not exceeding a dista1 ce ; d. 1

This does not hold good for b.:ams used for bridges. To resist excessive shearing force d,rnbi•
,t1rrups (having 4 vertical lc:g s) can be used as,shown in fig. 4-Sa.
Acditional bars called hangers are usually to be prov ided in hcam s for binding

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,:i rru~~ when there is no compressive reinforcement. Diameter of th~se bars may [,.: 10 mci.

T :-, ,,,
=-~--:,.,
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as,:y
8 A~ ,& •
~
._._.... J_ ....--=.-.:..J.!
En
L- 2(A+BH 25cm; L--2(A+8)+2toot ◄ VERTICAL LEGG
A and Bure in inner di:unensiom.
"!5cm and 20cm are exlrll lco,th,.
gin FIG. 4-sa
FIG, 4-i
eer
4-18. Reinforcement la Beams.-Thc minimum clear di1,tanc\! between two bar~
me layer should not be less than the diam-
~tcr of the brg,er bar or 2·5cm or the largest ing
,•ze of the aggregate plus 6 mm whichever ii
~reater. The minimum clear distance between .ne
·,wo layers of bars should bJ I 2 mm and
12 mm diameter spacer bars are to be provi-
<ltd placing 0·9m to l ·2m apart from one li::I
t
ll ■ •. tltAI\ Dlbf...11.
11111111. IMtU £1111{\
o••• ro •••• cf e .
-Jther throughout the len~th of the beam
where ever two or more layers of rcinfor•
tement occur. Main tensile reinforcement
bars in beams should be not less than 6mm diam~ter and maximum si1.c ~tl'uld not e1tcood
10 mm. Generally 12mm, 16mm, 20mm , 22am. aDd 251J1m dia. bar) are in ui.e.
4.. 19, Relaforcemeat la Slab ..-In case of a alab ii,nply aupported at its tnds or at e"d
1up1ort (i.e. roof slab built into walls) and ou17iag an unif.irmly d istributed load alre,-
DltiN bar. are bent up from a point: the elfective span away from the 1iUpp0rt to re~at thl'

~ l ••ptive 9e11dio1 moment ( !lot I ess than ~L ) tkat · may occur in the- slab iuc t• it.
· 24 ·
partial lxity in the wall (as showA in the fig. 4-'1).

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212 ESIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

In case when: a slab is continuous over ~evcral spans and the condition of the slab
at every support is the s:ime, i.omcwherc betWLcn perfrct fixity and perfi;ct freedom, the
bar~ arc bent up from a point l1h !-.pan away frnm the 1.:cntre of support and the same bar
i~ carried into the nt:xl ~pim to a pu1nt ith ~pan ,:way from the centre of support. (as shown
in the fill. 4-7).

- .. (·lllt- t-t·2t'. __.,..-4 ._,_,,2! --..j

.
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,o:.
c-"\..
2·~1"'
Si j :, ..... -
I ~, 111~------'Z,·"1"'
..,.~'fm :fem
, ---
, _.
,::F='!e:'E(=ow=:::!!.---
w.E
•ocmovu......_.;
re 'i-~4•• •'11---
._,oc.m SICONI -.ow

asy FIG. 4-7

1 he diamc1r.:r of main ten!',ile reinforcement in ).!~1b shoald prd.:rably be 6mm minimun,

En
to l6111rn maximum, JOmm and 12mm arc most in comm•m u~c. Spacin~ of these bar,
should not <.·xcccd thn:c times its ctrcctivc depth or 30cm whichever is the kssc:r (600mm
acc.,rding to J. S. ).
(a) gin
Distribution Bar,-Thcsc arc also called Temperature Reinforcement, Tr1m1ver,e

eer
Reiri/orcPment or -~tondary /f.elnforcement. Tht: diamckr of thc~c bar:, i~ 5·5mm to 12mm
hut u~ually fomn and 10mm arc provided. The object of these bari is to re,ist cracks
cau ..d tilue to temp,rat■r• and shrinkage stresses, to assist in distribatiog local loadi■g, to

ing
take any b1otln1 stre1111 that may be developed. The I. S. code rccnmmend<; tha1 the area,
nfdi:-tnbution bar sha,l not be !cs~ than 0·15 percent of the gr,)ss cross sectional aria of
Cl.!ncr\:t~'. In th1.: :,[ab; of bridge decks the Ministry of Transport requires 40% to 60% of
1hc area of main reinforcement according to the :spans of the slabs. For :,lab~ spaning in
one direction the spacing of transverse bars should not cxcccdfour times •five timr, accor• .ne
is less.
(b) R,in(umm,nt fur opening, in s/ab1-Duc w provi,i<>u
t
ding to I. S.) the effective depth of the dab or 45cm (600mm according to I. S.) whtehever

Wf a .---.1 It
of :-rn.111,Jp::nings 1,1 a slab such a._ m:111hok~ in tank roof,,
op.:nlngs for v~ntil itiun ducts in floors etc, main reinforce·
ment may b.! disturbed and for this some extra bars, a'.
~ _•~~===•:
1
,••••·••-•_,_LI
_L1_1_;·• 1

lt'ast equal to the area of bars disturbed by the hole, should 'tlr.:'(•ij
l■~,;.ii .•._•.,• II
~~••
b..: placed parallel to the principal reinfo~ccment. Besides Cl..1/,li: ~~.-,-
this a bar should be placed diagonally across each corner n I u....
trn A· • ■ •c
•~•~ ■ ~.U_II
of an opening.
4-20. Leo11t■dinal reinforcement in columns-Size of
longitudinal blrs usually from 12mm minimum to 40mm
··~·-·····~.,.J
-1 ■ •'-l ■ lllll'~l"ll•a _u1
r_i_•.. • • • • • • • • ....,
~ ~1:;•
maximum. Bars should be placed at each corner of a ~i!~!~~~:O.....
column (in case a circular column 6 Nos. minimum) and all bars should be placed symm•
l'trically. For joints in the longitudinal reinforcements, the bars should be overlapped for at

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 213

\,!Jst 24 times the diameter ~f the upper bars and for liquid containi?,~ w~rks over lapplll ,:
,hould be 30_:times the diameter of the ~ars. l'wo types of Joints m the Iongitud1n:i 1
reinforcement in a column have been shown m the figure 4-8. T•e uut I• tbe bar ••HI■$!
r,em lewer column to tbe upper
sho■lcl Ht be more aeate than , _ _ _ SUS or UtPlll
2·sem I■ a lenath ••r 30.• (see . fig. COLUMN IIIA 4)
~-81. The area· c.f lonr,itudinal
reinforcement should not be Jess ....
u,.u,,.,.,h"
-~
ihan O·S%of the total area of con•
(k\lMk "f;7
crete or more than 8%. The dia•
me1cr of binder dig. 4-8a) should r~., 1,,u
1101 be less than 5·5 mm or a quar- t~-..
1cr of the diameter of the largest

ww!on<zitudinal bars. Largest dia•

meter of binder should be 12 mm ;
16mm may also be u,ed, but gcn-

w.E
aally a smaller diameter bar i~ 'I \N 1·s en $1'LICL 11.AQ..,-"!'i~.....
. .Ui.\.lKU.U
,ullicient. S·Smm, 6mm 10mm dia• ,-OTl-!/.1' 01' l+---1
meter bars are generally used . Ull'Pt" COLUII\H

:.itcral ties are.

asy
The principal objects of the

(I) To prevent bulking of the

longitudinal bars rfue to
compression.
En JOIN,-~ CRANIC.IMG,
l!.AllS. Or lOWLll INTO
t.lOIN1'!> \'J l'TH
$PLIC.L 6 A·;ic
(2 ) To prevent c,1;icn:te she-
aring on a diagonal plane
(see fig. 4-8b.) gin
UPPLll COI.UMN

DE.TAILS Of COLUMN ,JOIN1S

S:1Gi. 4-8

eer
The spacing of bind,~r (also, called as transverse or lateral) ~hould not ht· gr,atcr 11,11 1,
wclvc times the diameter of smallest longitudinal bar or least lateral ,Fmcn~ion or 30 c"1
·hich ever is less.
ing
LONGITUDINAL

.ne
REINFORCEMF."¥1

LATt~AL. T 1L"!,
Too rAii APARi
TtHI)E.$ To ~14£ AR
t
OM ,... i>IAGONAL
PLAN£.

HlNDF,lt

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114 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND ~PECIFlCATION

._21. Meaaarement aH 1luslficatlon of Reinforced Cement Concrete ( R. C. C.)

la dtu accordina to th• ldiao 5t11dard method of measurement of bulldin& work,.

According to the recommendation of the Indian Standard Institute, R. C. C. works

111lall be cla~sified and measured separately as follow:-, :- ·

(i) Base~ for columns, foundation footings etc. and mass conr.relc ;
(ii) Walls including attached plasters, st1 ing courses and buttresses etc. ;

ww
(iii)
(iv)
Roofs, landings, shelves, suspended floor and ball.:onics etc. ;
Lintels. beams and girders, etc. :

w.E
(v) Pillars, posts columns and struts;
,vi) Chajja up to 15 cm in thickness;

asy
(vii) Stairs (excluding landings);
(viii) For R. C. C. tee-b!:im construction, the roof shall be taken as runnin
En
continuously through. and the beams as that portion below the roof.

gin
(ix) Columns shall be measured from the floor mrfacc to the underside of slabs or

eer
bl!ams as the case may be. If there be any 'haunching' connecting beams an4

ing
c,llumns the later one shall be measured upto the springing of the haunchings.
All other portions shall be included with the beam. If the width of the beam

.ne
i:. less than th, width of the column, the extra width at the junction shall bl
included with the beam.

Concrete M1io1 le rell.. steel jolats or beams, 1teel 1tancbion1, etc., shall ht
111easurcd without giving any deduction to the volume occupied by the joist except in th,
t
case of b.>:r;cd itanchions or girders, in which case the boxed portio!l only shall bt
deducted .

.C-22. lenatlt utl 1i1e of bars.-As far as possible a few different size of bars shoul4
be used preferably bars of larger diameter (less than 25mm) as this reduces the number of
bars to be bent and placed, Price of larger diameter bars is also lower than of smaller
ones. Th\! basic price is thl.t of 16mm bars, all larger bars being priced at this rate while
,mailer bar.~ cost more for each 3mm diameter below 16mm. But this should be remem•
bered th:it for cutting and bending, bars of 25mm diameter and larger, ox.y-acetylene 8am,
•r p::,wer operated machine may be used. Bars upto Sm lengt• can be easily transporlH
and ha ■ 4kd. Bars wpto lOma diameter oaa be o~iDed ia Iona lengths in soihl.

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 215

4·13. Some commen M.S. bars-areas aa• wel&ht1.
The corresponding dimensions of bars as shown in Metric System ban been standardise•
by the Indian Standard Institute. This edition of the Abridged List give• only lhosc metri•
system which arc actually available in the market .

-
Metric System arc in usa
. _/
'
F. P. S. System
---
Dia. in
mm .
Sectional area
in sq. mm.
Weight pc•
metre run in I Dia.inchin Sectional area
in square inch
Weight per
foot run m lbs
- -- ---- - --
a
5·5 23 "8 0·19 1. 0028 0 044

ww
6·0 28'} 0·22 1
4 0·049 0·167

8 '0

10·0
w.E...
~o J
78·6
0·39

0"62
It

I
I
G
0·077

0·110
0 261

c,·375

- - asy - l t
, 0.150 0·5ll

12·0 113 0 89
En 1
I 0·196 0 667

16 0 201 1·58
ginII
I 0 307 1·043

1·so2
eer
200 314 2 47 ff
4 I 0 ·442

22·0 380 i
• 2·98 7
• 0·601 2·044

25"0 491
!
3'8S 1 ing
0 ·78S 2'670

28·0 616 4"83 )18 0 994

..ne3·379

32·0
36·0
104

1011
6·31

7·99
q
13 ~
1·227

l '484
4·173
5'049
t
40·0 1257
.I 9 ·86
I 11
"
1"767
I
7'051

Weight ·of l cum. of M.S. bar=7850 Kg. Weight of 1 cft. of M.S. bar=490 lbs.
4·24 Cover of Conorete- Exclusive of plaster or othe r decorative finish).
for proper prntection of rcinforct:ment against corro!>sive actions and to ensure that th:
thickness of c,>ncrct.: around a b:tr i--. su !ficient to develop the bond resistance, it is neces!>-
ary to provide requisite cover over the b~rs.
Tbe minimum cover of concrete to reinforcements should be as below :.-
1. At each end of reinforcing bar not less than 25mm nor twice the dia of such bar.
2. Thii ilab& and panel wall :-12mm minimum or dia, of bar whichever is gr~ater.

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21, ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

3. For longitudinal reinforcing bar in a beam 'i 5mm minimum or dia. of the largest ba 1
whichever is greater.
4. Column, :-For columns less than 20 cm square cover should be 25mm minimum 01
dia. of bar whichever is greater and for above size of 20cm square, 40mm minimun,
or dia. of bar whichrver is greater.
5. Pi',:, :-40mm minimum for main reinforcement and 12mm minimum for binders.
6. Liquid Ct>ntaincrs :-32mm minimum or dia. of bar whichever is greater.
Foundation :-40mm minimum in case where the concrete i~ in direct contact witr•
the ground.
4.25 Si11tli■g Wife-Quantity of binding wire depends upon the nature of reinfom ·

ww
nient. For ev..:ry 10 sq m slabs approximately 2·7 kg of 18 gauge soft black iron wire ,,
required. For t1lhcr WtJrks l kg per quintal of steel may be recommended.

w.E 4·26 Har Beatli■c Selaetl■le:-In bar bending schedule the following informations a r•
,.,_ener·dly required-fa) Barmark :-this gives the position of the bar in the structure. (l-
iJi:1m,tcr of bar, (c) The ~hape and bending dimensions of the bar, (d) Length of each ha r

asy
(e) Number of the same type of bars, (f) Total length, (g) Weight, (h) Total weight. Mu,
designers haw their own form of bending schedule to suit the work in hand.
Fxa ■plt
En
I-Prepare a ~l:hedulc of bars for the R,C.C. Lintel shown in the fig. 4.. c

0·62 kg/rm :111d 6mm, b:1ra...0•22 kg/rm.

gin
,1ssuntill/! bearing •>fthe lintel be 15 cm on walls at each side. Weight 0f 10mm if, barL
~

eer
ing
.ne
t
FIG ....9

l 11sc11.vaio11 -Cover of conctete has ML bci:n shown in the figure. In such cases stand·
ard minimum cover (in this case 25:am) m·1y be considered. Rud mark ~hould be carcfall;
~tudied from the tlgure. In absence of rod mark in a figure name of the bar may be writtr1
1• the barmark: columa. The dciree of bend if not mentioned may be taken as 4!".

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 217

)etaih If calcalatlon-
Jirs a•a-= lm (clear span)+30cm (bearings)-50mm (covers)+2 x 9 x lOmm= I·43m
lan c-c=Same as a-a.
i o1 rs b-b=l·2S+extra length for cranks+2bends=l ·25m+2x·42xl0cm+2x9xlOmm
, =l·S2m
Bars d·d=2{23"8cm+8·8cm)+25cm=90cm. 23·8cm and 8·8cm are inner dimensions, 25cm
,, extra length. ln working e,tamples details of calculation is not required ; but all such
ktails of measurement is to be shown in the bar bending schedule.

Bar
mark Imm
IDia. I Shape of bending
Dimensions in cm
ILengthlNos.\
m
l!~~~~
m
I Weight I Tot~!
Weight

a •:t
&
10
mm - 9
,as
9
1·43 4 5·72

-
I I
c-~ -1_a1I-
~£ ,'!>
h·b
ww IO
mm
••• i----=-:IH
I '"
c:1!T
•I
I
1 52 2 3·04

d·d 6mm

I
w.E .-u-a+i
t> 62 ke.
I 0-90 6
lS'76
5·;10

I
5·43 kg.
t ·19 kg.
0

asy 0·066quin .
.1!.xample 2-Preparc a schcdu :c of bars of the RC C. beam r,hown in the attached drawing

~[-a En
a,~uming 20mm dia. bars to weight 2·47 kg/m ; 12mm dia. bars 0'89 kg/m and 6mm dia.
ba, , 0·22 kg/m(L.C .E. 1958. Converted in metric unit).
=t-( .
1_ ;t g c;rr.m <;, PIRP.U!':,
,c _~----~- 6M.:.,~
in ;;.:;.::;.;.;.;-~--:•,:~o. ~
Or
T~llOU G I-IOUT TH i.: l..l!NOTH
Cu20C.ltt t ,.,
Gr. A.M ____ f21'11~

v
l.'l
ll>
-Gmm
STIR~ O.- SG
25 <.: ~1 "-/c
+ ~) 't~~t_:;b~~;;;;;;;;;;~;;;:_:;_
LP I.!
2 .,3
--
l20mm B~Ri) eer -
f:!·l, (<' Oln ,~: i:!>Ar.'.;)~~-~ ~:;:-/
-;,

a
~,
--b c1
r ~-a <20 rl,
7 eAr-S
)

- - - - -GM~~--
!
ing ~
SECTION ON A·A FIG. 4-10 LONG SECTION .ne
-;;;-foia./
mark I mm
Shape of bending t
18(\.1 1Sc111 6·3l 4 25.24
a-a 20 c-- - - -,
• ti9e cu al' _, 6·58 2 13.16
~ r49 c:.M
b-b

C•C
I 20

12
,.
18W - - 50!li C:.M
oJ!'
-~
18CIA
_,
6"17 2
7F-'.io 94•g5 kg
12·34 10 98 kg

., 11 '"'
11 ""'I 9·92 kg-
Stir-
rups 6
I
I(]~
. -IHI-
V
1·67 27 45i)9 116 kg
·11•16 quin.

L
-- C.M "'.

~ssumptions made in the above example that bars upto 6m length are a, adable and cover
mall sides=25mm (clear).
2R

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

218

Extmple 3.-A R. e
'I' •beam rests on 30cm
walls over a clear span
of 6rn. The details or
reinforcement has been 10 as ao •• ae
--r
, {il 1

J,-
' ;:,_ I
~hown in the fig. 4 · l l.
Prepare a schedule of ~Me,.&a1t1111 ♦ lt.Cli:N .. , 2.2 "1tt1 ♦P.ODS
bars assuming weight 1•s111----1 U tttm CLU.-. COVtR
uf 22mm, lZ mm and
10mm dia. ban, are
2·98 kg./rm, ·89kg./rm <◄
and ·62kg/r m ri:spec·
liveJy.
ww
w.E IOl!lm ♦ alllttllll'• 5
~
i.+G

asy
11111111; &PACL" a~II.
... ---- j'_
aa *"',i..~~~~T•Olc4-1 UCII t--

En FIG. 4-11
SECTION ON" AA

Shape of bending.
Dimensions in cm. gIinI I Total j
L~~~th Nos. Lc~thj Weight I Total

.._.,.....t_O_ _ _ _,s,----.,..,16""'•..tl eeI r Wei~ht

Bottom 22
layer
St. ban
mm 6·,s 4
iIng
27·80 I

I .ne
2nd 22
~ e, I-
-r-------rs, ....
36
7·24

7·24
1 1-24
l
I
t
crankell mm 410 l 7·24
bar
-if't-fl ~ '-
'!rd 22 -"➔ - -7u
.:ranked mm "Nt- Slo 7·96 1 7•9ft
bar us so 2ii"
j ➔ ....
149" 7kg.
fop bar 12 --1ui- 6·77 2 13 54 12'lkg
mm

:itirrups
!~ 01 62 ,. · 14

I
S6·5kg 218 kJ!.
2·1s -i•i•

J
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REINFORCBD CEMENf CONCRBTB WOR.JCS 219

Eir:11nple 4.-Fig. 4-12 shows longitudinal and ,cross-sections at mid-span and support
(\fa R. C. T-beam 22cm by 40 cm overall including lhe slab thickness 10cm. The beam or
which particulars are shown in the figure is continuous over to equal spans 4m clear and
~upported on 30 cm watts. Allow clear cover 25mm all round, lf weight of l6mm and
tornrn dia. bars are 1"58 kg and 0·62 kg per rm respectively prepare a bill for paymen,

I Iomm
~,
.._d:)p•ing the folbwing market rates (a) Shuttering, Rs. 13·00 per sqm. M. S. bar
Rs. 280 per quiiual and concreting, Rs. 320 per cum (consider web only for concreting).

J-,--1•311------:a."'
- 10mm mst11t.{lu1>, •
G1$T11t,.uP~ 1
1.•3111----t--- 1.111---~-,•sm~
I 10mm ¢ ....1c11t1Ru,& • ·1 1oftlm di ~llRRUPi. • 1,0111111 ~ miauPJ i.
o 1acm C/C: ~o,:n, C/C . 11Cnl C 2.0CKI C/C . 4 12 Cllt9"-
1 a-lj r:-e \r:a.~d E2~11o.~i.._ a-b 1.-f I a-d 1
n- -=-1rrr r--=-'-·-~ARs(a.l)
·· -, 1: -
a-a4-14ttH11tj) 2.-C
..--""'I;'. _ -==·-=----=-~======---:i====-=;:~r.t
;i-f 14-l~ffll'!I

w,-,. ._____
-
OCltl...

ww <,
j

◄·111--------·
----
l!.5,11111 CL£l,R

-lff----•-Altt--------\/1
.,
cove."

.Ea 1-.qH§ .. St~TJQli

ac.,.~t. " I : ., lo "/)
2°" 1~1';

·.,~__,J.
=:"J-r----1

syE :i-1(,lllffl~C
·1. ~
~~
...t. .1.

ng --jut•l--

ine ~ T 10 tL_Q_N__J)_A
;ilC.ALI:. • &i ~:,.~

FIG. 4•12
Schedule of bars to calculate relnforcemut. eri
Har
Fl Sh:.ipc of b.-:nding Length
I
No/ Total ng
.ne
Weight Total
/Le;gth
I
mark m Dimensions in cm m weigh•
a-a
&
c-c
I
16 -f 66 I -
1':.-ws

c- ,.., ---·
4,e l♦'.si;
l--169---f
::,
5·27 4121·08
I
t
L..c-.1• I
b-b 16
... ",._ 6·1 ,
·- -
-

aH---i.
2 : 12"28
d-d 16
t---1\9......-f
c----·- ....,. ,-u I
~-c
.
,.,
i---a,o
c::;---.,... " ·-
5$7
. "
.. ·- ~
., i
l
I
I 2·2_~_
! 45·04 72"1 kg

O1 ?1
& 10 Ml 4 06 4 / 16·24
f-f ·I
Stirrups to T I
j

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220 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Area of shuttering (web only) :

Both sides=2(8m+Jx ·30m)x ·J0m=5·34 sq m
Bottom =2(4mx·22m) =l"76sqm
Ends =2("30m x ·22m) ===0·13 sq m
Tota1=7·23 sq m

Yolu,ne of c,1ncrete=8'90m x ·JOm x ·22m=0·587 cu m

E9timated cost :-Shuttering 7·23 sq m @ Rs. 13·00 sq m =Rs. 93·99
Reinforcement I ·29 qu, @ Rs. 280'00 qu. =Rs. 361 ·80
Concreting 0·59 cum.@ Rs. 3.W·oo ~ =R~. IR8·80
Total=Rs. 643·9~ say Rs. 644"00

ww
Example S -Fig. 4-13 shows

w.E
pla:i and cross-H•ction of the
footing slab with a square
R.C. column 20cm outside
asy
v1ith the f0.llowing particulars
Area at base of slab
=lmx Im
En
Arca r.t bafe ,,f column
-28cm X 28cm gin E
..r
:,,

eer -- ---
20cm SQUAAI
Depth of slab at column face I I
=40cm
Depth of slab at outer edge
~ 15cm
ing b-4-Not.
1£.111m~e.~l.l
c!-"mmce1Nt
Rcinf1rcement in the l>lab
.ne P.L.
S IIGIIIC/1

=- l6mm dia. bars both ways

at 15cm c/c
Reinforcement in the column
t
4 no&. 16mm dia, birs with
6mm dia binders at a pirch of
18cm c/c. Clear cover for
. slab is 50mm and for column
fs 25mm. Other particulars
are as per drawing. If weight
of 16mm dia. and 6mm dia.
bars arc I ·SSkg and o·22kg 501'1111 c;OVtA
per r m respectively prepare a- ",mm I\: e.kl'.I Cl ISt!III
l)-:)1MW-'lf5
IOtm e,,,IC.11. fL~1 SOLING
a bill for p1yment of the above
llAli .----rn1---..f-,
column. Rate of the works llQUAl\i.
may be taken ai. follows : - FIG. 4-13

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 221

Cement concrete (l:2:4) with stone chips (20mm down) excluding shuttering and r.:in
forcement @ Rs. 410·0 per cum. Shuttering including supplying; fitting, li,ting an
striking out the ,am~@ Rs. l 5 03 per s::i m. M. S. r.:inforcement inclujing. bending, bind-
ing and placing the same as per drawing (4} Rs. 580 00 p.:r quintal. Brick flat soling(~ Rs.
18·00 sq m. The utes mentioned abJve include profit and overhead charges.
Schedule of bars to calculate reinforcement

Bar Shape of b~nding

·· 1
\ Length No. Length
l
Total \ \~ei;ht \ Total,
Weight·
mark Dimen,iJn~ in cm m m \
-j 14 I- ~ •• 1- I
a-a r-
l+-----90-----
1· I 8 14 16·52

wwb-b 16 4·87

w.E yzg 65· lkg

asy Jl
c-c 16 1·3z 4
41·28
-1401--
21 "87 4 8kg
d-d
En O•ill 27
- - - - - 70kg.
\=0·7quin
Vvlume of concrete (1 :2 4)-
g
Slab (bLlttom ponion)=lrn x lmx 15cm ine O·ISO cum

Slab \Upp~r trapezoidal pJrtion)=~ - (A 1 +A,+4Am)

eri
Here, H=25cm; Bottom area, A 1 =Im x lm=l ~q m
Top area A 2 =28cmx28cm= 08 sq m ng
• section=
Am=area of mid • {lm+2~cm)i
- --- 2 - - =0·41 sq m
.ne
.·• Volume=· 1• 5 1 l+0·08+4 x0·41)
C\)lurnn at buc=28cm x 28cm x45cm
Column at upper part=20..:m x 20cm x 4m ...
=0·113 CLI m
-o·035 cu m
=0·160 cum
•• -•~ -• - - r~---
t
Total""' 0•45!1 cum
Shuttering :-(For column shuttering rate is generally in per rm)
. trapezium
Sloping . .
portions= 4
(1m+lscm) X ./(.!5m •+rJom)~ -0•50 sq Ill
2 1

Column at base-4x 28cm x 45cm -=l· 18 sq m

Column at upper p:ut=-4 x 20.:m x 4m -,---=-·_3'....,20 !>~_11,!_
Total =~·l!O sq m
E1tld1ated cost :-
Brick flat soling= Im x Im:= 1 sq m @ Rs. ls·oo per sq m ,Rs. 18·00
Concreting (1:2:4) =0·458 cum@ Rs. 410'C0 per cum •Rs. 187'78
Reinforcement -=0·70 quin ~ Rs. sso·oo per quin ,Rs· 385 00
Shuttering •4'80 sq m (!I Rs. 1s·oo per sqm ==:Rs. 72·0\l
----
Total cost

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JU JiSTJMATING, COSTING AND SPBCIFJCATIOM

T...•
C,

°"

ww -- A.
..,ll
~
~
- A

w.E •z
0
;z: ....
a
;ii

syE
J

""
\.)

ng
ine
PLICt. &Ml!(b)
ou1, TO 1PL1t1.
eri
u.u(d)

ng
.ne
t
FIG. 4-i.t

Es1m1lle 6.-An octagonal column hnvii;t; 52cm internal and 60cm cxtrrnal diameters it
reinforced with 8no,;. 32 mm B longitudinal bars and l 0mm 8 helical binders placed at
10 cm c/c. The d1:pth of base slab at column face is Im a11d taper it down to 30 cm at the
odges. The slab is 2·Sm square at the b:ise and and'f.6cm square at column fa1;e reinforced
with Himm8 bars at 15cm c/c. The reinforcement of longitudinal bars has been' pro•
jected ·90cm above roof level to from an internal dia. of 42cm at floor, Arrangements of
,plice bars and all other details has been shown in the drawing. Assuming wt. of 32n.un.
J"11m and 10mm dia. bars are 6·31 kg. I·SS kg and 0·62 kg per rm respc~tively, prepare
an Ci,timatt for shutterins, concretins and reinforoement assumina yo'lar owa mar.kc,
rlltes.

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 223

ScbNule er bara to· calc•late reinforcement

Bar I dia. , Shape of bending.

\ Total I
ju~th No. 1Length Weight \ T<?tal
\
mark mm Dimensions in cm m we111-ht
-
T
a-a 32 ~I
I
~l
~
4·70 8 37·60
I
I
!'
T '(

~-b

ww
I 32
i JI 2·01 8 16·0R

s,·681
I 338'7kg
:
w.E 10
... .., ....., 1·64 31 50·48
I
!
. l
I
asi:y
C·C
i---sa
''
! =-
d· d
&, 10
En 1·s1 j 1 _!0"99/
e..e
gin
....,,-,
(av.) 6l'83l 38'3kg. ·,

I
t'-f 16 ,
t-40 : eer
2·69 2 x 91 ·46 . 144· 5lq,•. ,.____ . .
17
I 1 522 kl!
l _
ing
, 5·22 qn
- v-~lume of concrete (J:2:4J :-rlase ~l.1b, lowi;r port1on=2·:,m x 2·5m x 30cm ••• -=l 875curu ·
•do· upper trapezoidal portion= .!i..
()
(A 1 + At +4Am)

r1 .ne = 1"945cu w
=·~or(2.•5)2+c·66)'+4<2·\..- 66
Area ofoctagon=·828D 1 where D-=dra. of in~cribtd circle.
Here D=52+2x4-60cm, .·. Sc..:tional areu=0 is28X ( 60)'=·30 sq m
Height is to be measured upto tht underside of the main beam
t
-=l3 s+·30)- 6u-J•2m .·. Yolum1:=-\ 1·0.n5 x 3 2 -o•960 cum
Total V\Jlu1nc-:;4•1isu ruii
.elume of lean concrete (1:4(8)=2"5 x 2'5 x 08=0'50 cum
Shutterlng-Sloptng· trapezo1'da I poruons=
. ' 5 +"{,o)
. 4(2--- i-- x .jr 70 ;• + ( 9 1. 11 =7'4 sq 111
Following the section on A-A, 1f corners arc jt)ined \\ith the centre of
the octagon the column forms 8 equal triangles having one side at face
-2 x · 0, 0 tan 21. '•' -,.25 cm
Octagonal side of column-IS x 25cm x 3·2m --·· -6·4sq m
fotal a11:a=1J·is blJ m
cost :-Cost of shuttering 13'8 sq m @ Rs. 15'00 per sq m-Rs. 2U7·oo
Cost of reinforcement :>·22 qu1n '!Y Rs. 55'00 per quin-Rs. 2,87J•ou
Cost of concreting (1:2:4) 4"780 e• m @ Rs. 41'00 per cu m==Rs. 1,9.59 80
Cost of lean concrele · 50 cu m i, ~ ~ 0 -pi:r cu m-Rs. Jso·oo
Total t1111, Rs, S, 1~ 7'¥"1 =
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2!4 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

1
.......
e
0
ww _l,
2.SmmCLEAA, 1omm4'&1NO!!II..
C.OVUI. ~ e2,cm9t M!'2mm~
~-22.m

r
(d,
m ,f)
T
tjl

OE

w.E
l{JE <1) l 1i>iJ
~ !1·2'l mm4'(t) ~- 22 mm+ 10mm • ...t.:
-l3B i,.::!"" (c.) STIRRUPS ---! 2S4-2'2.n;im,f;
cm cm (h, t.)

asy
<o-22 mm ef>
SECTION-I-I
(d)
SECTION2-2

En
gin
E
~
eer
'2'2.mmtj,@ 9 cm c./c. (-o)
~c:i:---~-1-----,(l.....j~2'2. mrn ~c, 9 c.m cJc ( b)
ing
--~--..:~__ __:_.....,__J-somm c.LEII.R. C.OVER.
· , 'T-ic.m LEAN cowc.(1:,:8)
a':, ""'l•--2'1mxl'8m--, .ne
,.I-,.____ 2• Im - - -....ii t
1 .
I l I tit+__
20 NOS. R.oos (Lot-lG S,ot)
-1 7 ,_,OS, ROOS (SHOkTSIDE)

J I- -

~ N OF
- ..... :►

38c.m.1'25Cm. COLIJ.

FIG. 4-15
Example 7.-Prcpare a complete schedule of bars of the i,ortal frame as shown in th•
' •:- 4-15, Assume wei£t.t of 22m if, bar-2:9~ kg/rm and 10mm ~ bar-0·6l kg/rm,

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WOR K.S 225

Schedule of Ban for Columns

Bir
mark
Shape of bending
Dimensions in cm
I k1:g1h 11Numbcr
m .
'l\1111I
Length
rn
I Weig.ht
I T,11al
Wt'li!ht
to 1'0
a-a 22 ..0- -- - -- -- - - - -, 2·10 20x 2 84'00
"'"...,_I_ _ _ f 70 'l~ :
:, I

b-b 2'40 17 X 2 81'60

d-d 6x2 12·60

wwI
c-c 22

f ]g[
6x2
: 2.i7•:<i -j706·3 kg.

Hinders
(f,,r sin•
10 I
i w.E t-~1-f
I
II
·(
1(1 }. X 2 X 20\ 52 ·XO
:
1
i---
I 32·7 k p 1 - - -
7J') kg

----------·a- ----·- -------------------

f!le t11m)1

Ii syE Schedule of Ban for Beam

ILength/Number Total I
Lcngth lWcight
I Total
n
Bar d •a Shape of bending
m I
-------- m Weight

r,------------.::, g
m"Hk mm Dm.ensions in cm

f.f
------255
22 T

I~zo
1
I J-85
•

ine I
2x3 23·10

22 -----01'2. eri
ng
~-12 2

g-g 7-39 7"39

.ne
h-h 22 t
i-i 22 6"57 3 19 71 220·0kg
20
C -73 tu
i-e----Gl7 --1
stirrups 10

IO
--I 18 1--
1•47 32 249·2kg

•• Total weight of reinforcement in the portal frame=739 kg+249·2 kg

•988"2 kg=9"88 quin.
29

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION.

--w
A

ww
.Ea
syE
ng
ine
eri
ng
.ne
SECTION ON A·A
t
FIG. 4-16

Ftamp1e 8. FIG. 4-16 is tf1e plan and section of a R.C. slab 13 cm thick overall, restir!
,1n 30cm walls can tilt vc:red out on one side. The slab is reinforced both ways , a, b, c, m
.ind n all are 12mm dia. bars. Prepne a schedule of bars for the slab assumhg weight
,,f 12mm and 10mm dia. ban arc as 0'89 ki and Q·62 kg respcttivdy. Amiu:;e 12mm
dear cover.

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 227

l'rr.;:I .
mark mm
S:rnr,e of bcndtn8
D :mcnsiors in crn
Ltng1Jl /
m
1 Total /
Nos.I length I Weight
Total
weigh t
i i m
-- ··--------- -
II
a-a 12 c::: ~ 5·28 23 121 ·44
501',

:., 6·82 22 150'04

b-:b 12 ~&-
l-93 2.73 2.67---I

c-c 12 I c__L._!-6 :::::, 3·66 23 84·18

f-S4-'1----2aT •I
rr:-m
ww 12 c:.
I" SO&
~
·-I
5·28 19 100·32

n•n 12
w.E
~~
f-93 -~2/J 9~
5·34 18 96·12
-552·10" •191 ·4 kg.
Dbtrihu-, 10
tion _barl
cant•.
c:-..
9 asy
:;oE>
• ....9 '
:
5·24 7

l
36·6~ ' 22·7 kg.
I
514 kg. -5·14q11

En
4-17. gin
E,,,ti,naliog Reinforcement In ab~eoce of bar bendini schedule.

eer
To en ahk rt.:inforcement to be cut and bent accuralely, b:ir bending schedules ar,:
prcp:tr.:d. Suc.:h ~<:11.:Juks not only en sure ac1.:uratc work but enable reinforcement to be ing
uscJ c..:.:>.1omii.:ally and a v,>ids confosi0n aud f.1c1litat es checking.
.ne
In cao;c tcr e-stimatc reinforcement without preparing the bar bending schedule th1.:
takeoff' sheet shoulJ haw c.>Iumns for ll) Size of bar and position, (2) Overall leng th
t
with c0vcr, (3' Extra length for, (a) laps, (b) Cranks, (~) hooks. (4) Less cover,
(5) Actual lenght. (6) Number of bars, (7) Total length and (8) Weight. Each of the
ab:>vc c0lumns should pr0p-:rly fillcJ up _Jurin~ rccordtng measurement of works.

(6) (7)
(l) (2) (3) I (4) (5) I
I
I

I No. of I Total Weight

Size of bar
and
Overall
length
Wltb
. Extra length for Less
·-···- --- -- - cover
Actual
lengtll
2+3-4
I .
bars I length
position
cover I laps jcranksp1ook~ _L_

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228 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Example 1. A room 6'.)0 cm long x 500cm wide have a flat roof. There i~ one T-beam in
the centre (cross section below the slab 30 cm x 50cm) and the slah is 15cm thick. E~timate
the quantity of iron bus required for fl.)infi.>rc.:nwnt (for the T-beam only) from the da~a
given below:--
Main h.lrs ..• 8 No,. 25 mm dia. in 2 row, of 4 each (all 4 in the bottom
b:ing straight 'a nd other~ bent)
Stirrurs 10mm dia and 15cm ccntr..: to centre throughout
And10r bars 2 Nos. 16mm dia.
(D.C.E. Maharashtra 1966)
Ans-The cstirn.1tc ha~ bL·cn prepared assuming a clear cover of 25mm allover and bars
arc bent at 45''.

II
II
r: T ~'.

ww --- --- I
II
II
A II
II
A
II
I:

w.E II V
0
II
II ....0
::..Cf.AM

a syEl
II
II
11
II SECTION ON A-A
,---- - . -- - . buOCm ·---------1 (ENLARGED)

n PLAN

FIG. gin 4-17

(2) j (JI
O,c:rall \ Extra h:ngth
(4) (5) l 6)
eer
7) I(
Size of bar
and pusili.>n I
Ieng.th .
with I
cover 1cm
ILap. Crank
·42J
- - - Less Actual No. of! Total
I
H ,)11ks cover\ length
9D 2+3-4 I
bars
I lc1~1h ing
Ma1:i barsisrnni'"°jia.
cm cin cm I crn , cm )

I .ne
at bottom stra,~ht

Main bars 25mm dia.

at bllttom bent
500 -

2x •-4,
-
2 X9 X , 5
25mm
=45 I
I
:
i
540 4
t
(d=(50+ 15)- 2 X 2·5
(cavcr)-2·5 (dia.)-
500 - --H>
X 55 4S 5 586 4 23·44
45'l"4
2'5 (upto centre)= '@)·~5 kg l 73·2S
55cm]

Anchor bars 16mm sco - - 2x9x s 522

I 2 10•44
dia. l6mn, -'!H 58kg. 16·43
Stirrups 10,nm dia.
(Depth, innc-r=65- .
2x2·s~x 1·0-ss
Breadth, inner=30-
2 X 2·5-2 X l '0=23]
I
- -1 - ~71

I
s 2(58+23) un+1 1, 65·50 II
+2S(cx•J =35 @0·62kg.~l
tral= 187
-
Total=230 29 kg.
=2·303 auin.

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS

E1t1mple 2. Prc~are a detailed c'itimate of a R.C.C. cantilever retai11in~ w,dl f,,r :1

knglh of 30 metres frnm the fig. 4·18. Weight of JOmm di,'I. bars=0'62 k::1/m, l'.!llllll
dt,t .=0·89 kg/m, l6n,m dia.= 1'58 kg/m and 2!)mm dia=2·47 kg/m. Adopt thl.! foll11wi11g
;,1,1.:~ to !lrcrare the estimate (I) R.C.C.work (l:2:4) including centering and shuttain.;
bat excluding rcfoforccment=·Rs. 410 pzr cum. (2) M. S. reinforcement induJin~
cutting, hooking etc.""' Rs. 550 per quint:il •

:1-.. ------[;r~~~~~·~
\
,
.. . --12!

TEM?. • " "

,,·.-.:'-

~ ..W,,--12.Tr.ll'I, OISTR , IH,R

·,1 @ ~o c"'. •,~.-- . __ ~ I
~
-
-,·1
101111'11.♦ e f.
ww -t=r.:r:l
, I [
r. { _ --·,·- ~• ·-·-
: 1 •
30Cffl , C/c .
80THW~~•..J • I I I 1 I \I)

. r ••mm .• ~ •• ,m.,,,. -j t ~

w.E GOVE~ 4 cm. ~r--:1

I
I!
:-
.I--1-1,
- 1 - ----
[-.
r-- ·/
I
_
asy
t&"'m.♦ @ l!OcT11.<"/.,.
CUR'TAILtD ___.,,,..
! , __I __:,. -~.... I ;__ _.
rrl.;--j T !T -. j --l i 1I .
1 ..

f. + -H-L- -· - - ---·
En
gin
eer11,!fr l
t.m.... ,.,,.,,,_jt! IIJjUfilW 1 1
&, !Ciffl'M..4'@-IH'm, • /~.--
ALT&IIINAT5.l..'C'
f"i: tr:,. ·,
l'~f/ '.:~r11 ~ltil i; :J
1 ; 1 1

ing
1 •,
;]
,'I
1
I
1 I
.ne
t
~: I ' 11 . tl
COVCR Ccffl/

FIG. 4·18
Scale lcm=lm (1:50)
.. R.C.C. work 1:2:4 including centering and shuttering but excluding reinforcement
(a) Stem =30x H23cm+45crn) xS·0S=Sl·SI0 cum
(b) Ba,e ~lab=30mx2·75mx45cm =37'125cu rn
Tolal==SS·635-:u 111

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230 ESTIMATING, COSTIKG AND SPECIFICATION

To Estimate Relnf.,rcemrnt :-
(I) (2) (3) (..J) ( (SJ I (6)
I (,) I
Size of bar
and p,>siuon
Overall
length
Extra LenFth
Liip,. ,Cra-,1-1,>"k' Les~ length
(ith cuver l@'iSD nks \®!~ lc~:r
Actual

12+3;4
l No. of
bars
Total
/ leng~h
j J2
1~
SfAM
(a)Right baud r.ide
:umm ip..:unadul lm+45cm
b.1rs (<9 15 cm c/t + ·Sm-
2 nns.
36
6 3'23 30m-8cm 649·23
-.-scin- @2·47kg
I
11603·5
22mm +1 =201
=l·93m
30-8crn 420'16
16mm ,fo curtaile<l 3·93m
b,tr:, @ 30 cm c/c
2 no~.
29
6 4'16 3ocn1
ww
16mm ef, bars @
5 5m+
45tm--
30,;m cf,;; fall 11-:1ght ~2mm
2 nos. 6+4 5 67
+1=101
101
57'1:67
'J /'L' J3

l :imm cf, Ji~tr. b:w 30m

w.E =5A8rn

3 no, I{
29

nos.
-=10

4+4 32'4
@l'58kg 156t9
5·051T'-•4cm 583·2

asy
Jucn1 ~ t ·89kg 519·0
(<.Y JO Clll c/c l '1•2n , 85 =8 +1=18
( b) Left band side
'lcmp. b,lf.,; lU.un, 55m-
,f, 1_1~: JO c,n c/c 22mm En 2 nos.
18
6+4
=10
5"56 J0m-8cm
- -- 561 ·56

•do·
v.:nical
-do•
=5"48m
gin Jllcm
+ 1=101

horiwntal 30m 3 nos .

l ·3Sni
8 nos.
72
4+4
-8 eer
31'99
5·(•5-4cm
- - --
30cm
5i5·82

BASE SLAB
(aJ lop ptJrtion
J Omm </> i/3) 22cm ing
+ 1=18

_;·J5m-6cn. 351·4~
c/c
30m 3 nos
l'35n,
8 nos.
72
6+6
-12
31 ·95
.ne
2.!c~_' i.4-88 i.T
+1=11 ~0·62kg 92JI
16mm if,@
c/c
10cm I·4m-l-45
cm+·sm
=2·3sm
2 nos.
29
6 2' 58 30m-12m
---
IUcm
+1=300
774
1'58 kg ; 448·9
t
(bl Bottom portion
l~mm 'P @ 25cm 2'75m , n"s \ 6 +6 2.85 ~Om -12cml 333·45
c/.; ~ 22 · =12 25cm
+1=117 I

12mm 'P@ alter-

natc b.1r@ 25cm
90cm+45
c·n +·Sm
2 nos. 6 I 2.0 1 117
235·17
~~
22
~c =1~5m 0 89 kg 506·1
10mm if> @ 22cm
c/c
13:>m 3 no~. - nos. 6+6131•95 2·7Sm-G_~1415·3S
l 33m 1 72 =12 22cm O62kg 257·5
+1=13 i
Tota1=5826·7 kg.
=58·27 quintali,

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RElNFORCED CEMENf CONCRETE WORKS 231

ABSTRACT OF ESTiMATED COST

Particulars I Q'-;'an-
t1ty
j Unit Rate
Unll of
Kate
Amount
----- ---------------------------------
1. R.C.C. work ( 1:2:41 including cen-,
tering and shuttering but excludmg I lI Ii I
reinforcement.
2. M. S. reinforcement including
cutting hoc,king etc.
I 88·635
58·:>7 I
cu m
Q11in.
Rs. 4 l0
Rs. 550
cu

Quin.
111 Rs. 36,3,i0·35

I Rs. :n.04R·S0
Total= Rs.68,388'85
Add 5% f,>r contingcncy=Rs. 3,4,9 44
A (\d :'/,% fc>r W .C. =Ro;. 1.709·72
ur,11,d llnal--- 1{.,. 7J,:,t!5·0t

ww
Example 3. Prepare a detailed estimate of R .C.C. s•airca~e f10m the figure 4-19. All
exposed sides of concrete shall be 12mm thick cement pln,tcred ( I :4). Adopt the fol lowing
rates (1) R.C.C. WMk (I:2:4) including c-~nt;;:ring and ~huttcring but excluding rdnf, 1 rc,;•
ment
w.E
Re;. 410 per cum. (:?) M. S. WJrk in..:luJi:1~~ culling, hoo!<in2, etc.
quintal. (3) 12 mm thick cement plastering
Rs 550 p:r
Rs. 6·25 per ~q m. (4) 7 cm thick. hand

asy
railing incluJing reinforccml!nt a11d plasterin3 Rs. so·oo p<.:r '.> lj m. Wi:i:;ht of 10111111
and 12mm dia. bars aN 0'62 kg. and 0'89 kg. per metre run r,;~pc:clivcly. The co,t of

En
Toe wall shall not be included. N. B. Dimensions nut written shall be measured.
I
Description. !No., L.
Ill
B.
111
gin I
II.
111
I Qu.
I
1.~IExplanatory note~.

eelr
1. RCC. work includi11g
centering aoJ shutteriug Lut
excluding reiofo1cem1:nt.
(a)
(b)
Base on Toe w.dt
Waist s!..b of flights
1
2
1· I 5
3'05
·25
1 · 15
•23
· 15
O·OM
I '052 ing 3'05===
Jll7"5J''+(2 5)~
{CJ Landing (lo\\-Cf)
-do-(upper)
1
I
2-3
1· l 5
I Je
l ·30
· 15
·) 5
0'449
c·224 .ne
(portion inclu<1t:d.,..
portion cxduu,;d)
I · 30 = I · 15 + b1.:ar•
(d) Steps without slanting
-do-slanting portion

2. 12mm cement plaster (1:4)

(a) Landing dower)
20
20

1
I· I 5 .\
1•15 ~

2·3
X '25
x ·03

1·] S
· 16
·16
1 035
0-055
2 881
cum
111£, ·03='2!S- ·25
t
2'65
-do-(upper)
(b) Treads
I
20
1·15
l ·(8
l · I5
·2~
1·321
6·05
(c) Rises 22 I 08 ,- '163 3·87 ·163cm=
(d> Below waist slab 2 3·05 1·30 7-93 J('OJJ~ +1·!0)~-
(e) Below landings of I st I ·JO==! ·15 +·IS
floor and half portion of I st (edge)
flight 2 ·90 1·15 2·07 '90 measured
(f) -do• -de-for rest half cf
1st flight 1 I ·15 1•15 l ·32
(g) Ends of steps 20 ~ x·25 ·16 0'4()
25 61
3. 7cm thick hand railing ...
Less for portion covered by
1 6·36 1·16
I 7·38 sq m 6·36-2x 2·5+2x
·01 (on 1st land-
steps
-· same a\,;(2) a. 0·40 (ve)
---- 6·98 sq m
ing portion)+1·22
. -
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t.
r l,
t

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
I t
'·
~

l• I
I
I
11
11
,,
,1
:1
1r
11 1:
Irr
.,
II
"
II
II
11
•I
l1
l1
LI
II
ii
ii
"
II
II
II
"
11
II
ti~
,,
II
11
1
I
1

c1.EA111• 1·oe,.,. 1 1 1r 11 11 ff ii II II 71 ;r-,

.., 11 . ________
l I
I
.f-
11
11
II
Ir
11
11
11
11
ii
II
II II
II
iiII
I
I
II
II
II
II
ii
I
_IL .lr_ IL. jJ _IL ..ll _ IL .lJ _ IL ..J)
II
'·
r
I

,.,i
r·
lu
<i/Tcffl. THICK•,... I I r I II I I I I - 1-- c,I
f. A.C.AAII.INC1i I I I I I I I I I t[_7Cffl,
;;, ON $TU•5 I I I I I I I I J .,.
UP I 11 I I I I I I I T
I I I I I I I I I I
I I l I I I I l I I
I I I I I I I I I
I Ill I ll I ,I I II II 11 ,,
I
L-
•
:..."-:==::-==-~--~-. =--- --:-:----=--~----===·====:!.1-f
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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS

Size of bar and its I

Overall,_-=-E_x_tr_a-c::-c_n...,.gt_ I I1 -
for Less [A~tu:11\ 1-:ngth No. of i Total ~i \'"'
position h::igth •~look siCra-1 Lips i c-,vcr 1 m I bars \ length ;;_
1
ln_k....:s....:f:..::@....:>. . :4:.. 5=-D.;-:_ __;__ _ _ _ _ _ _ l~-1~
-:--c---:---_m_......:....'(ll_r,9_0_:....
4.--M],:work inch1·
ding cottlog, boo-
kio& etc., (dime-
nsi<JDS measured)
(A) 12mn,</> main
har&-
(a) 1st flight and
4•57
2 nos 4-79 1·1 · "m ·•1.e.
· ·10 47·9
portion of land• 22 cm l.:!c:11 •
ing for I st flight
(b) At bottom in Ino. 2-07 10 20·7
portion of landi- 1 96 11cm

ww
ng for 1st flight
(c) In 2nd flight
and landings
5-75 22cm 5cm 5·92 IO 59·2

(t~) At top in por-

w.E
tion of l~t Llnd-
ing for 2nd fl1gh1
9·5 22cm 2·5c.:m 1· 14 10 11 ·4

(t) At bottom of
1st floor landing
(same as b)
\ 1·96
asy
11cm - 2·07

,n=2
10
I 59 ·9
2()·7
----- ---

( Bi JOn:m ,J, dt,t ri·

but ion bars - En 1·
I
+ I no
x3·0sm ® 89kg =142
. ---
20cm
in toe·
kg

(a) In I ·, t anu 2 1d
tlig:1ts
1· 15 1no.
9:.:111 gin3cm

3cm
1·21

2•45
slah
Y5c.:m .
39·9

12· 3

eer
(h) ln I st landing 2·3 lilc,n ;; - - ,.e.5
at top ... 0 ..:in
(0) In 1st Floor l ·l 5 13:.: Ill 3cm l ·30 5 6·5
lanu1ng at top
{() In )st landing
at bvttom
2·3 18cm 3cm 2•45
ing
l ·3fJm
2t>~ITI -
i.e.7 17·2
('.') In 1st fl•lor land-
ing at b0tt0m
1·15 18cm 3cm 1• 30
- · -----
7
-·
.ne/~53
9· I

ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATED COST

t
@~12kg

Total=l95 kg
={'95 quin.
I kg

Particulars /Unit
Rah;
of/ Amount
l. R.c.c. W.}fK (I 2:4)includ1ilg :,l1uttcrinP.I
but cxcluJing rcinfvrccment .:. 2·31 cum R~. 511·50 cum Rd,181·2l
2. 12.mm-c.:mcnt plaster (I :4) .• .•• 25·61 sq m R,. 6 2'.l sq m Rs. 160·0'.i
3. 7cm thick hand railing incluuing rein-
forcement and plastering ..• ... 6·98 sq m Rs. S.:{ m Rs. 558·.JO so·oo
4. M.S. W<Hk includ111g CJlting, hooking
___ etc._ _1•95
___ ljuin
___ Rs._550·00 quin
_ _,..;c___ .R •_
;.J,072·5
.:....;.,;___.

Tc,tal Rs. 2,972· J J =

Add 5% for contingcncy=Rs. 148'61
Add 2:% for W.C. =R5. 74·31
<..irand Lotal=~s. J,195·u~
30

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234 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATIO~

4-28 .. Estimating Reinforcement for R. C. C. Framed lluildln1s :-The load from

the flo•cH of a R.C.C. fram·!d butlJmg tran~m,ts to the bt:ams and from the beams to the
columns. Therefore, the load from any upper flo<~r is not carried by. the floor slab
nnd beams <>f an111her dow11ward floor. So the rcmfcrccm(nt and 1cct1onal arras uf
rdabs and be.1ms for different floors of a multistnried building remains about the same.
But d•.1 1.: to mcre·1•c <,r dt'creasc of story of a R. C •. C. framed building the size and
n:inforcenient of columns, column footing~ or founda t1on chan1;ws.
An accurate e~timllk of rrinfo1ccmcnt for the different R, C. C. members can be
prcp:i.red from the detailed dr.rn,ings. But in the ab~enct _of such drawings or in order to
determine an apprnximate quantity any one of the following methods may be adopted.
(a) On tl1l! percentage basis of concrete.
(b) Hy thumb rule.
(a) On the percentage ba.5is of concrete :-
At th<: 11111J of de,igning a R. C. C. member the r,ercentage of steel can be noted.

ww
Wi(h tlrn, pt rcrntage an extra which should h,: at least 20% shall be added for hooking,
Jap1n:!, cr.1nki11:~ et,:, li1 absence of su~h de 0.igned data ot ~tecl percentage the followin
,,ppr,);-t·n-11i,in 1:1-1y b~ m1de tn c~timate the quantity of mild !>\eel.

w.E
<I) Fo·.in.htion fo)ting (fil o·s•;;, t,) 1·0°{,. FM or,iinary h11ildinp.._ O·S%.
(!) C,lurnn, (,:' ()·;,~~' tn~,%,. Fnr ordinary building. ]·t.% to 2%.
(5} !k,1rns w1. I 0%, (4) Slabs (11' 1·0%, (S) Lintel et],1 0·8~~.(b)Sun-shades@ O·SO to O 8%

asy
(\'>) By th111Hb Rule :-By the thumb rule the quantity of reinforcement is dctem:ir>cd
on p11111l1 art·a b1~i, for dif1't:re1;t heights to a builcJmg as shown below. The reinforcement
f,•r c 1lu•n11~ sl1 mid i:h: c1lculatcd separately.

nt i1 :1 En
ginI
t_lf r..:inf'l_i_r~..::tlt'lll _!1'-~J!''• q~~~:_l_p1 till~-~,
0

-:---: ' '• - - \ 1) ,iil

t ,1. ol Du11d~11~--- \ li~1-'.;1Jd:1t1~1-~j_.___~lt>O~,.~r.;ag~)\r l·\~-~ ~i~~; Remarks

22 to 33 eer
J 8 to 20 IO Lo 12
- ~ - -

SO t,1 65 -do- -Ju- ing

.ne
3 51:1 and b.:lnw 21 m \
-----~----- - - - - I

FounJat10n ha !I

21 m a ;id b..:low 3(1111 95 to 110 -do- -do- Ptling t

to be raft slab
will
depend on s01s
condition,
!Concrete pillllf
l 30 to 150 -do- !is p,encrally re•
1 quired.

------------------
Examph~ · l. D"'tai~ed fatiwate o_r a Two sioried Hesidential Building built up with.
R. c. frame 11truct11rc Jmvu1g a fo!lndat&on for future ext~o,lon upto three stories. Tile
cumr;ar/ 5u11 u( cvst t,_erwee11_ R.C, f riirne structure builiding and ~1a.wnry load bearing wall
t,i,ifoing (whJu dr:t.11/~d estimate has already been prepared in 3-10 page 161) has been
shvwn.
General specification other than foundation nnd plinth is same as that of building
3. 10 p:it;e !(1 l. F,n111dat1011 for outer panel walls shall be of 1st. class brickwork in
.;.:mi:nt mortar t:6 ovc-r cement concrete l: 3: 6.
The reinforcement for different members shall be as follows:
a) C.dumn footing ~lab 0' 0·6%. (b) Columns @ I·~% (c) Beams @ 1,2 0,0
d) Rlcf ~kb\!.!: l ~~. (c) Stuircase (!!) O"S%. ' ,~

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS .235

ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
E
t
V

r o'.======--
4"
I
L

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236 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

ww
w.E
asy
En
E gin E
1/l
Cl)

t()
r-
¾ eer io

ing
E
.ne
I9 t
5•~ m 4' 15m 4'G5 m
. - l• . . ·- - . -..:. ·! FOUNDATION PLA~t. ·I
Tht datalls er Culuru11s are as b.!low :-
COL. MKD Fooling si~c o. Di I
Ground floor lst.floJr to 2nd f1oor to

1,7,9,10.ll,12
axb
2·omx2·om
-- - to ht. f1oor
15cm :,ocrn 20cm x 25cm 120cm x 20cm
stair roof_
2nd floor
-
·-- -20cm -- 20cmx2Scm onl
2,3 4 & 6
- -2 2m><2·2m

. . . ,______________________
2'4m>< 2'4mk1.
30cm 20cm x 30cm 20.;m 25cm col. MKD .3& ~

20;m 30cm
)C

20cm x 35cm 20cm x 30cm lOcml,IK.D

x lScm
7 onl:
2

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R:E,lNFORC!D CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 237

' ... j_
~~ TL,scm
C..C.(1:3:<t\)
PANEL WALL

ww
Q11antity Estimate fur Ground Floor :-
- -Description w.E INo. -c
m !t·, jQuantity Total Explanatory noti:s
- ~1:-£1rtbwork in excaution
asy
(a) column footings for-
m!. nos. J,7,9, 10. 11 & 12
,, 2,3,4 & 6 ...
2·00
2·20 En2·00
2·20
1·95
1·95
46·80
37•95

gin
.,
,, ,, 5 and 8 ••• _?401 2·40, 1·!.15 22"46

lb) Panel walls (consider

fir,t as if there is no col.) eer
L'lng sides
oh<>rt sides
14•::o
7'50
"60
"60
"60
"60
10 · 30
5•40 ing
Di:duct the length covered .ne
by colu;n11 footings

(c) Toe wall ...

... 2·00
2 20
2·35
'60
'60

·60
·60
"60

·so
4·32
3'17
0·71
(-ve)
(•vc)
t
B irthwork for step•
(d) Dwarf wall under the is nn counted a•
staircase ~all at inner• m ij(>r length is cov..:·
siJe upto Toe wall 2·ss ·60 ·so 0·77 rd by column fJ0t·
116·9 ings.
2, Earthwork la fUIJng for cum
foundation trench by ,. Fdli11g==earth w,,rk
loose earth h of e xcava1,10napx 23·38 23'38 in excavation-v1ll, of
cum work upto 0. L. In
3. Saa4 61Uq for plinth 13·90 7•50 •42 43'79 this ca~e !th vol. of
Deduction for staircase excavation is nearly
portion ••• 3·75 2"80 '42 4·4J (-ve) tbe same as abJve.
VOL. of col. S and 8 •35 ·20 "42 0·06 (-ve)
39·32,
cum

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238 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description /No./ ; I ! I ~- I Qu. ITotal IExplanatory notes

4. Cemeat concrete (-~~~:~··1--,----.---:----.l---.---
(a) For mat concrctt: .:,f
column footin~ nos.
1, 7, 9, 10. 11 & 12 ... 6 2·co '075 1·80
2, 3, 4 & 6 4 2 20 ·075 1-45
5 and 8 2 2·40 ·075 0·86
(b) F.)r foundation of
panel w.111s (comidering no
pillar)

ww Long si,les
Sh0rt sides
2
2
]4'30
1"50
·60
·(,0
·15
·IS
2 57
1·35

w.E
Deduct col. lengths for•
col. nos. 1,7,9,10, 11 & 12
., 2,3,4&6
-6
4
·2S
'30
·20
·20
·t5
·15
o·os -ve)
0·04 ,(.v)

(c) Toe wait...

asy
(d) Dwarf wall below stair
1 2•35 ·w ·10 0•14

case wall at inner ~idt: :

En
2·55 ·60 ·10 0 15

(e) Steps ••• 1 ·20

gin
•10 •10 o·os
-- - 8·31
S. Cement concrete (1 2:4)
for R. C. C. work exdu• eer cum
ding shuttt:ring and rei r •
f<lrccmen
ing
(a) Column footings
(i) Lower porrion of col. nos.
.ne
1, 7, 9, l0, 11 &. 12
2, 3, 4 & 6
Sand 8 ...
6
4
2
2·00
2·20
2·40
2·00
2·20
2·40
'15
·IS
· 15
3·60
2·90
1•73 t
(ii) Trapezoidal portion- Vol. by
1, 7, 9, 10, 11 & 12 ... 6 ·•. [2'+(·30x·JS)
0 prismoidal
+ 4(2' +·30 )('35}1 formula
L
2 V= 6 (A 1 +Ae+
l, 3, 4 & 6 4 ' 1a° {2•2 1 +(• 30 )( '40) 4Am)
+ 4(2·2 1 +•30 x ·40}] 2"48
-- 2
Sand 8 ••• 2 ·•.0 [2·4'+(·30x ·45)
+ 4(2"4 1 +'30+·45))
C. O. 2

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 239

.Description No. I L.
m I :· I H~ \ Qu. Total !Explanatory notes

Columr.s-
B. F. I 16"27 According to l. S.
(see art. 4-21) ht.
(b)
I, 7, 9, JO, 11 & 12 ...... 6
4
·25
·30
·20
·20
4•2s
4·20
1'28
1 ·01
is measured upto
underside of main
2, 3, 4, & 6
5&8 2 ·35 ·20 4·30 0·60 beam from footing,
-i·s!f 4"25-= ·75(below
G.L.)+·60 (P.L.)+
2·90 (from P.L.
(c) Beams- upto beam)
2 7·70 ·20 •40 1·23 2·90-(3·3+·1)
.
outer, back and front
sides ... ... 2 14'10 ·20 ·40 2·26 -50 (beamdcpth)

ww
Inside beams MKD-
42 & Sl tas cJntrnuous) ... 1
2
7·50
s· 10
·20
·20
•30
·30
0·45
0·61

w.E...
13 & 23 ...
4·55

MKD 14 ...
a... sy
MKD 72 & 82 (continuou~)
1
1
I
4-55
7•50
3·95
·20
·20
·20
·30
·20
"30
0·27
0·45
0•24
4·55 is for clear
span

. 52 (clear span)
" 53t-do-)
,, 81 t-do-) 1
I
En
2·75
4·45
·20
·20
·30 O·l7
•30 0·27

gin ~

{d) Slab (including staircase

1 14"30 7·90 eer I
•JO ll·30

ing
a r.:a first)
Less area of staircase 1 5· 15 2·so ·10 l ·44 (•ve)
-9·l!6

(e) R. C. lintel over door

and windows,
.n et
Window~, W & W 1 9 t·50 ·20 ·I 0
W & D (c\1mbined) 1 2·so ·20 'IO
Window, W, 3 1·10 1 ·20 ·10
w, 2 ·9o ·20 •JO
-- - - --··--
r.L' 21·10 ·20 -:-ro-- 0•43

For inside walls-

Over doors, D 5 1·20 ·to •10 0·06
,, l·CO •JO ·IO 0·03
•• D1 3
-0-52-
The width of stair•
(f) Staircase- samt asp. 166 sl IO(c)- 3·60 case slab in tlli~

(~) Sun shades- ... same asp. 166 lO(e)= o·so ··-
-- 44'14
case is little more

. cum
I

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240 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Description I No.j ~- I! ., !· 1· Qu.

-,-_-C-tl\_t_e,-ln_l!_a_11d-s-b11t-te-,i-11-g-
_ 1,----i-- - - --- - -I- -- \

,,., R. C. C works
(a Colurom,-
(i) Vertical edge~ of footing
cols. I, 7. 9, 10, I 1 & 12 6 s·oo •15
• 2, 3. 4 & 6 4 8"80 · 15 8·00 is the peri-
2 9·60 •j 5 meter.
' 5&8
"
(ii)
ww
portions-
Sloping trapezium ------ - ---- -
1o·s 1
col~.
w.E-do- 12'63
·85 =~ (2·C-·30)

'82=-j(2 ·C-·35)
"
-do-
2, 3, 4, & 6 asy 9 95
·9S-H2·2-·3o)

"
-do- -do-
En 10 24

,. 5&8
gin 5'82

,.
(iii) Sides of columns eer
l,7.9,10, 11 & 12 6 "90 4 25 22 95
ing
Sides or columns
2, 3, 4 & 6 4
2
1·00
1·10
-
-
16·80
9'46 .ne
t
columns 5 & 8
109 ·3!!
(b) Beams (web only)
Outer, Back and front 2 7·70 ·SO 12 -~2
Sides 2 14·20 ·so 2'2:72
MKD 42 & 51
(as continuous) 1 7·50 '70
" 14 ••• 1 4·55 ·70 \
'' 72 & 82 (as continuous) 1 4·50 ·70
•• 52 (clear ~pan) ••• 1 3·9.5 ·70
" ~3 (-de--) ••. I 2·75 •70
'' &l (-do-) •.. 1 4•45 . ·70 14·14 rn t l(a) P 166
-27·70 ---=m -_-- 49"18
deduc 1 ion for wall
area hlls been
re, Roor slab ·· · sameiasSL. ll(a)P. 166= 72·18 made which equa•
(d) Stairca ~e ••• -do SL. 1 l(c}P. 167== 25·86 lises apx. the bean
l~) Sun!ihade •.. -do1-SL. ll(e)P 167= J2·21 area.
c. 0.
··· I I 268"8,

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JlEINPO.R CBD CBMBNl' CONCRETE WORKS 241

Description No. Length Breadth Height Qua- Total Explanatory

m m m n titv notes
(f) R. C. hotel over door c - - -- li. P. 268· 81
and windows
Sides, windows, W & W 1 9x2j 1'50 ·IO 2·70
,. W & D (combined) lx2 2"80 ·10 O·S6
., window, W s ••• 3x2 1·20 • 10 0 72
,, t• W3 ••• 2x2 "90 ·IO 0·36
For inner walls-
Sidos of door D ••• 5 X 2 1·20 ·IO l ·20
., ., D1 ... 3 x2 1·20 ·10 0•72
Over openings of outer
walls ... 1 22·90 ·20 - 4'58
Over opeQings, inner walls l 8•40 ·10 _ 0·84
f1·68 280·49

ww
7. Mild ateel reinforcement
(a) For foott1;1g @ 0"6%
l6·21x 0-'6- x
2·89x ~ x
100
78'5q 7·66

I
sqm

(b} ••
(c) ,, w.E
column @ 1·5%
beams @ 1·2%
\
5'95 X
100
..!:.3_ X
100
78·5q 3·40
78·5q 5·60
(d) ,, roof slab @
asy
I% 9·86X lO~ X 78·Sq 7•74

(e) ,, stair case

& lintel @ 0·8%
En
4'12x 7s·5q 2·59
(f) ,, Sun shades@ 0"5% o·sox
gin 78·5q 0·20
21·19
8. 1st. clait brick.,ork ID
cement .nortar (1 :6) ID
foaadatioa and plinth eer quintal

(first consider as if there

is no pillar) I in
Outsides only Long walls
Sbort walls
2
2
14·30
7·50
·20
·20
l·OS 6·01
1•05 3'15 g.n
Deduct the length covered
by columns
" stair
Steps under
6
4
I ,. . 1·40
•25
·30
·20
·20
•30
I·OS 0•32 (-ve}
1·05 0·25 (-vc)
·20 o·os
e t
Steps ., ., 1 1·20 ·45(av)l •40 0·22
Toe wall ,. 1 2•35 ·20 •40 0•19
Dwarf wall below staircase
wall at inner side 1 2·ss ·20 ·40 0·20

!>. 2·.SC. tblck D. P. C.(1:J:4)

•
Outer walls-
Long sidet 2 14·30 ·20 - 5·12
Short sides 2 7·50 ·20 - 3·00
Deduct the length covered
by columns
... 6 ·2s ·20 (•VO)
,,
Deduct door opooings D
4
2
·30
1·00
·20
·20
I= "
7·78
I
"
sq m

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242 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIPICAT[O~

I j·
Description
-----------!------- -
No. L.
m
B.
m
-
H.
m
Qu
- - - -----
Total Explanatory notes

• 18. lit. clan brickwork ln

•••at mortar (1 ,, in
1apentractare walls
Outer side only
Long walls 2 14·30 ·20 3·30 18"88
Short walls ... 2 7·50 ·20 3·30 9·90
Deduct the length covered
by columns .•• 6 ·25 ·20 3·30 0•99 (-ve)
,, " 4 '30 ·20 3·30 0·79 ,,
Deduction for openings

ww Doors, D
Windows, W
,, W1
2
3
7
1·00
1·20
1·20
·20
·20
·20
2·10
t·S0
1·20
0'84
1'08
2 02
,,
,,
,,

,,
"
Wa
Deduction for lintel
w.E w !J •••
3
2
1
•90
·60
21·10
·20
·20
·20
1 ·20
'70
·10
0·6S
0• 17
0·43 I
,,
,,
.,
' 2 l ·70 is the total
leng\b from 3{e)

asy - - 21'81
cum
11. Hair brickwork of 10cm
tllick in cement monar (l:3J
En I
with H.B. wire netting.
Fronts of bed rooms
Partition belwccn beds •••
1
1
7·30
4·15 gin 3"30
3'30
,,
,,
,, lav. & store
,, kitch & passage
I
1
2·50
2·so
3·30
3·30 eer
Kitchen upto i.tore
Drawing room wall upt"
... 1 4"50 3·30
ing
staircase ...
Front of lav. & store
1
I
4·50
3·60
3·30
3·30 .ne
3·60-c2·s+ 1·2s
Lav. of drawing room
,, ,,
Staircase inside wall
"
1
1
1
T.L.
2·20
1·20
S·IS
37·60 - -
3·30
3·30
3·30
3•30 124'09
+·l)-(·35-·1)
2·10-2·1+·1 t
Deduction for openings
Doors, D 6 1·00 2·10 12'60 {-ve)
,, D1 3 ·so 2·10 3·78 ..
- - I-.0~7-,7-11
sqm
u. 7·Scm tMck terraced
floorlna in lime concrete 13·90= 14·34
(1 i :2;7) over a brick flat 1 13•90 104"2S 2 x •20.
Deduct the area of Tbe inside eol-
toe wall 1 2•35 0·47 (•ve) umn areas of 2
Dwarf wall o·st ,. . cots. beiAi
I-
1 2'55
103"27 small is neglected
sqm · ·

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REINFORCBD CBMENT CONCRETE WORKS 243

Descripti<>n No. L. B H. Qu. Total Explanatory note s

13. J!mm tblck Madta\lte

- -
m
- --- - -
m. m

work with precast tiles for-

(a) Floots, Bed rooms
.........
2
1
4•50
4•50 3·00
3"70 -- 33'30
13·50
Dining
- 16'56
Drawing & lav.
Passage ...
...
l
1
1
4·50 3·60
2·50 1·10
2•50 l ·25 -- 2·74
3'13
Lav. (storeside)
Entrance under stair ...
... 1
1 3·45
1·50
1·40
2·80
-- 4'83
4'20
Under 2nd. landing

ww
Steps of staircase-
Treads
Rises 18
18 1·40
1·40
·25
-
-
•l 75
--
6"30
4•41

,, w.E
Landing (tower)
1st floor
Rises of landing
1
2
1 2·80
2'80
2·80
1•40
1·50
- ·15
3·36
4•20
0·84

......asy --
(b) Dado for- ·30
Bed rooms ... 2
1
16"40
15·00 •30
Dining
Drawing
...
1
1 En---
13 80
6·60
·30
·30
Lav. (drawing)
Front of Lav.
Passage
...
...... 1
I 1'30
-
5•00
s·os - gin·30
•30
•30
I
s·os-2x 1•4+2·25
s·so-2x 1·s+2·8
Entrance
Under 2nd landing ...
1
l
T.1. ~ -
-
s·so -- ·30
--30 eer 25·61

ing No deduction for

-- .ne
2 2·69 ·30 l ·61 door openings to
Stair flights
Landing (tower) ...... 1 5·60
s·so -
•30 l '68
1•74
cover tlle arta of

t
1 ·30 jambs.
,. 1st. flollr
Deduction for-
18 ~ x ·25 ·175 ·39 (-ve)
Area of steps 124·60
sq m
14. 2·Scm thick 1re1 artirl· i
dal Blo■e floor w1tn cem~nt
~oncretc (1:2:4) with sksnn-
mg.
...... --
Kitcben l 3·30 2·so 8'25
6·2S
1 2•50 2·so
Store
Under 1st ftigbt ... 1 3•45 1·40 - -4"83
- 19' 33 sg m

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244 ESTIMAT1NG, COSTING AND SPECiFJCATION

Description ISame as Qu. Description Saine as Qu.

15. Indian Teak wood work

--
25, Dry Distempering to
-
for frames of doors Page 167 1·092 interior walls and Page 171 405
aod windows SL. 13. cum ceiling SL. 26 sq m... (ap,q

16. Indian Teak wood 26. Decorative cement bas- Pue 171 182'5 8
panelled sbutLcrs ...
Page 168 17·71 ed paint ...
SL. 27 sq m
SL. 14. sq m

17. 3·75cm thick Fixed lou• 27. Painting two coats

...
ww
ver shutters Page 168 1.:n2
SL. 15. sq m
OD timber surface Page 171 115·14
SL. 28 sq m
18.
shutters
dOWS
w.E...
3·75cm thick Glazed
for WID•
Page 168 13·55
I
28. Painting two coats on Page 171 14·23
metal surface. SL. 29 sq m

a SL. 16. sq m

sy
19. M. S.
Grill
Ornamental
... En
Page l61S 14·05
SL. 17. sq. m
29. 100mm
tos
dia.
cement
asbes•
down Page 171 24·00

20. M. S. Clamp 37·5 cm

... ginpipes SL. 30 rm

long Page 168 126 30. C. I. ventilator

SL. 18, nos. eer Page 171 14
SL. 31 nos.
21. Anodised Alluminium
hand rail ...
Page 168 5•3g ing
SL. 19 rm
.ne
22. 12 mm thick cem•
ent plaster (1:6) to
wall ...
Page 170 469'80
SL. 23 sq m
t
(apx.)
23. N e a t ~ement
punning Pa~e 170,146·38
SL. 24 sq m
24. 6mm thick cement (apx.) I
plaster ( 1:4) Page 170122·39
to 171 sq m
SL. 25

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 245

QaPtlty Estimate for Pint Floor : -

Description No.\ L.
m
IB.
m.
H.
---
m
Qu. Total Explanatory notes

1. Cement concrete (1:2:•)-- \- - - - -

for R.C.C. work ex-
cl.,IDI shattering ....
reinforeemeat
(a) Columns- 2'90=(3·3+·1)-"50
1,7,9, l O,ll &. 12 ..• 6 •20 ·20 2·90 0·70
•2s 2·8s o·s1 (beam depth)
2,3,4, &. 6 4 ·2s
Sand 8 2 '30 ·20 2·95 0 ·35
From 2nd. floor to stair
r():>f columns- 2·15=2·4+·1
4 ·20 2•15 0·43

ww
2,3,5 & 6 -·35
2•05
(b) Beams-
For 2nd, floor same 1st floor 5-95

--do- do- w.E

For staircase room 2
2
·20 ·35 0•74
·20 ·35 0·41
7'10
Slab of staircase roof... 1
asy
(c) Slab of 2nd floor .•. same as
s·so
t st ffoor
3'15 ·10
1·73
l J ·59
= 9·86 5·50=5·3+·20
3'15=2'95+·20

En
Cd) Lintel over openings same as ground floor 0·52
Lintel over openings of
staircase room Door D
Wmdows W 1
,,
I
1
I ·30 ·20 ·10
I ·50 ·20 ·IO
w, 1 1·20 ·20 ·10 gin
T.L 4·00 ·20 --:-i-o 0-C>°S eer
Sun shades ... same as gro :rnd floor O·SO ing
For staircase, door D
-do-window W,
,,
l 1·30
1 I·SO
w'J 1 1·20
·20 ·JO
·20 "30
·20 ·Jo .ne
(e) Staircase ...
r.L 4·00 ·20 ·Jo --:-02

.•• same as ground floor 3·60 2545

t
cum
I. Centnlag • • 1hatterl■1
. for R. C. works
(a) Columns- ·
o·so is t e perimeter
1,7,9,10,11 & 12 6 ·so 2"90 13'92
2,3,4, & 6 4 ·90 1"85 10·25
2"95 S·90
5 and 8
c.o.
2 1·00
I= 30·07

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246 ESflMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

-- - -
. Deacription No. L. B. H. I Qu• Total Bxplaaatory notes
B.F....
From 2nd. floor to stair
- m
- m m
-
30'07 - -
.. ·roof columns-
2,3,5 & 6 ...
... 4 '90 - 2·15 7•74
(b) B~ams (web only)
For 2nd floor ..• ... same as first floor 49·18

--
stair case room beams ..• 2 5•30
-do- -do- ... 2 s
·35
'35
3·71
2•07
floor same as
(c) Roof slab of 2nd first floor 72·18
-
ww
,, .. of stair
roof 1 5 50 315 17"33 17·30-2(5·S+3·1S)
Edges of stair roof
(d) Stair case
I 17·30
......
same as
·10
ground floor
- l '73
25'86
(e) Sun shade

window openings w.E

(f) Lintel over doorand
...
-do- -do-
same as ground floor
-
12·21
11 "68
..
Staircase room door D lx2 1·30
W 1 lx2 1·50
a ·10
-- 0·26

" n
., window
" wl2 1><2 l '30
Over openings of door
and windows ...
1 3·10
sy ·20
·10
·10

En -
0 30
0•24

0·62
-- 3'10== 1·o+ 1·2+·9
235'18
3. Mild steel reinforcement
t ·S gin i.e. total width
sq. m of door & windows

(a) Columns @ 1·5% 2·05x IOOX

1·2
78·Sq

78•5q eer
2·41

6·69
(b) beams® 1'2%
(c) roohlab @ 1%
7·10x - X

ll•S9
100
1
XO
78•5q 9•10 ing
(d) Staircase and lintel
lU
o·s 78•5q 2"64 .ne
@0·8%
(c) Sunshades @ 0·5%
4"20x 100)(
o·S
o·s2. x ~---x
100
18•Sq 0·20
-- -
21'04
t
4; lit cla11 brickwork ID quintal
n,....t,actare wal~
Outside only
staircase walls
... ... same as ground floor 21•s1
12·s5 ..2 x s·os+
(th• sides)
Deduction for stair room
... 1 12'85 ~20 2·40 6·50 2•15
s·os-s•JO-•.as
W1 1 1·20 ·20 1·2 0·22 -(ve)
w, 1 •90 ·20 1·20 0·52 •• '
D 1 1·00 ·20 2·10
---
042 _!!..-
27 31$
cum
. ;Quantity for it.au S a 6 are aame as that of srotiad Boor and otha- itcmt ar• samo as
·. build.iaa J.10. .

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RBINFORCBD CEMENT CONC~ETE WO~ KS 247

.ABSTRACT OP ESTIMATED COST FOR GROUND FLOOR

(Note. The rates are samo a.s for building 3-10)

,./
>,
· Description. Qu. Unit Rate
R~. P. rate
IUnit
of Amount
Rs. P.
'-E-a-rt_b_w_o...,rk,.....,...1n-ex_c_a_va_t..,..io_n_f..,..o-r-i,,...o-u-od_1_t_10_n_t_re-n-cbes cum 320'00 %cum 374"0tS

Earthwork in filling in f->undation trenches 23"38 cu m 260·00 %cum 60'79

Sand tilling in plinth in layers 39'32 cu m 40·00 cu m 1,572·80
Cement concrete (l :3:6) with graded brick
ballast (3cm down) 8"31 cu m 325·00 cu m 2,700'75

ww
. Cement concrete ( l :2:4) with graded stone chips
excluding shuttering and reinforcement 44"14 cu m 410'00 cu m 18,094'40
Hire
shuttering
and labJur
w.E charges for centering and
280"49 sq m 16"00 sq m 4,487'84

M. S. reinforc,ment including cutting etc.

Ist. class brickwork in cement mortar ( 1:6) in

asy 27·19 qu 600·00 qu. 16,314"00

foundation and plinth

En 10"42 cu m 245"00 cu m 2,552·90
2·Scm thick Damp-Proof course (1:2.4)
1st class brickwork in cement mortar (I :6) in
gin 7·78 · sq m 13·00 sq m 101·14

superstructure 21 ·81
eer
cu m 250'00 cu m 5,452'50
Half
layer
brickwork of J0cm thick in
rnortar (1:3) with H. 8. netting in every third
cement
I07'71 sq m ing
38·00 sq m 4,092·90

7·5 cm thick Terraced flooring of lime con• .ne

crete with stone lime surki and overburnt•
brick ballast (I L·2:7)
25mm thick Marbulitc work with prccast tiles
103·27 sq m
124"60 · sq m
32'00

75·00
sq m 3,304"68
sq m 9,345·00
t
2· Scm thick grey artificial stone in floor dado
etc.

fndiao Teak wood .,work in door and window

frames including protectiv~ coat of paintina
at the contact surfaces of tho frames
I 19'33

1·092
sq m 23·00

cu m 6000·00
sq m

cu
444'59

m( 6,ss2·00
J•7Scm thi . 1st class lodiao Teak wood panel
shatters with 19mm thick panel . sq m 200·00 sq DI 3,542•00

3·7Scdfthick fixed louver shutters 12·72 sq m 195'00 sq m 2.480'40

c.o. ISl,472'7

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248 ESTIMATINO• COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

, , Unit --
st. \ • Description ., Qu. ,Uoit Rate of Amount
N ,. · Rs. P. rate R~. p
- ; - - - - - - - - - - - - - --ti.¥.---1-..-.- - - -::- ~7
18. 3·7Scm thick Glazed shutters of windows 13·55 sq m 140·00 sq m 1,897·00
19. M. S. Ornamental Grill 14·05 sq m 1I0·OO sq m 1,S45·so
20. M: S. clamp 37·5cm long and fixing in walls 126 aos. 2·65 Each 333·90

21. Anodised Alluminium hand rail 5 38 rm SO·OC rm 430'40

469·80 sq m 6'95 sq m 3,17l·ts
ww
, 22. 12mm thick cement plaster (1 :6)
23. Neat cement punning about l 'Smm thick 46'38 sq m 2·50 sq m 115·95

w.E
24. 6mm thick cement plaster (1:4) l l 7'78 c;q m 5·45 sq m

2·35 sq m
641'90
951 ·75
25. Dry Distempering ...
26, Decorative cement based paint asy 405

I 82·58 s
sq m

1m 2·75 sq m 502·10

27, Painting two coats on timber surface

En l 15·14 sq m 7·00 sq m
.
805'98

28. Painting two coats on metal i urface

gin 14"23 sq m 5•so sq m 78'26
29, 100mm dia. asbestos cement down pipes.
eer I
24'00 Metre 1s·oo Metre 432·00
;0, C. I. Venlilator with two coats of oainting 14
ing =
nos. 3·O0E.ach 42'00
Total= j 92,420·66

Add 9% ,, •• ,,' .,
.ne
Add 10% cost of building for water supply and sanitation=
,,
9,242'07
8.317'80
Total-=· l ,09,970·~t
Add 5% for contingency
Add 2i % for
...
t
Workcbarged Establishment
5,498''2
2.749'26
Grand Total= 1.18,218'31
Say Rs. 1, 18,218'00
Plinth area (same as building 3-10) =14·3m x 7·9m -= 112'97 sqm
:. Plinth Area Rate including the cost of water supply and sanitation and elcctrifi·
. k Rs. 1.18,218 R
oat ton wor s= . sqm = s. 1046·45 per sqm
112 97

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REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE WORKS 249

ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATED COST FOR Fl&ST FLOOR
Note :-Star mark by the ,Ide of SJ. No. indlca1-1 high•r rat•• for addiflo,aol Storey.

1em
No
Qu. Description Unit Rate
Unit
of Amount
-1------------------1 ---- -- Ri.. i>. Rat~ Rs. P.

• t. Cement concrete (1 :2:4) with graded stone

chips excluding shuttering and reinforcement. 2S·46 cu m 416'00 cu m 10,591 ·36
*2. Centering and shuttering for R. C. C.
works. ••. 235"18 sq m 17·50 sq m 4,115'65

*3. M.S. reinforcement including cutting etc.... 21·04 qu 603"50 qu. 12,697'64

ww 1st. class brickwork in cement mortar (1 :6) 27· 38 cu m 256·00 cu m 7,009"28

•5
layer. w.E
Half brickwork of 10 cm thick in cement
mortar tl:3) with H. B. netting in every third
107"7I sqm 40°80 11qm 4,194'57

•6
tiles. asy
25mm thick Marbulite work with precaH
124'60 HJ m 76·oo sq n, 9,469 60
•7
etc. En
25 mm thick grey artificial stone in floor
26 97 sq m 23 50 sq m

gin
633·79
1
8 7·5 cm thick lime terracing on roof (2:2:7). 106"40 sq m 32·50 sq m 3.458 ·00
9 1st. class Indian Teak wood for frames
• eer
1 · 130 cu m 6,000·00 cu m 6,780 oo
10 3 75 cm thick 1st. class hrdian Teak wood
panel shutters with 19mm thick panel. 15·99 sq m ing
200 00 $q m 3 198 00

'II 3·75 cm thick Fixed-Louver shutters. 13·56 sq m B5·00 sq m

.ne2,644·20

12
13
3·75 cm thick Glazed shutters.

M. S. O,namental Grill with :;ommx 6mm

fiats.
15"51

1s·s..:
sq m

sq m
140'00 sq m

110·00 sq m
2,171'40
t
1,7~4·60
14 M. S. clamp for fixing frames 37 5cm long. 128 nos 2 65 each 3.39 20 ·

15. Anodised Alluminium hand rail. 6·96 rm I 80·oo rm 5S6·80

,16, 12mm thick cement plaster (1:6) to ~all. 601·00 sq m 6"90 sq m 4, 146·90
17. Neat cemeo_t punning about I·Smm thick. 17'10 sq rn 2·so sq m 42·75
18. 6mm thick plaster with (1:4) cernent
moruir. 122· 39 sq m s·ss sq m 679·26
I 74,b 7j•O()
c.o. ----...c----------
--- ----------- -- ~--
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250 ESTlMATlNG, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Descriptio11
I
!Quantity
I
Unit I --Rate
--·,·
Rs. P.
Unit.
of ,
Rate
A~ount
Rs. P.
B. F. 74.613·§6
•19. Decorative cement based paint
two coats 261·88 sq m 2·80 sq m · 733"26

20. Ory Dist~mpering to in!er~:>r walls

ceiling with a coat of priming. 436· 16 sq m 2•35 sq m 1024·97
21. Painting twocoats on timber surface. J22·66 sq m 7·00 sq m 858'60

22. Painting two coats on metal :.urface. 15·86 sq m S SO sq m 87"23

23.
ww
100mm dia. Down pipe of asbt'stos
cement 21 ·oo metre \ 18 ·OO metre 378 00

24.
w.E
C. 1. Ventilator. 14 nos.

AdJ 10% cost of building for water supply and sanitation

3·00 Rach 42·00
Total-TT, 797·06
••· -=7,779·71
And 9% ·• "
asy
for Electrification works ... -7,001·73

Add s
for Contingency
0;,.
En Total=92,S78·S0
... =4.628·92
Add 21% for work chuged Establi~hment

gin ... =2,314"46

Grand Total =='.:19,521 ·ll8
Plinth area= 112·97 sqm
and sanitation and 99522 ' 00
Electrification -- Rs · 112·lil7 eer
.·• Plinth area Rate includmg the cost of water supply
R s. 880·95 per sq• m.

(A)
sqm
Comparari,e cosr of dlff,rent :storey on perc•ntage baail :- ing
Cost of second Horey_ Rs. 99,522
Cost of fir::.t ~torey - Rs. 1,1S,iis=0·84:. Cost of second storey=84o/. of 1st. storey. .ne
(B) Comparative cost h•lween Masonry load bearing wall and R.C.C. fram,d atracture
building :-Total estimated cost of the two storied R.C.C. framed structure building
t
-Rs. l,18,218+99,522=Rs. 2,17,740·00
Total estimated cost of the two storied Masonary load bearing wall b,uilding as worked
out for building 3-10 page 183= Rs. 2,05,277·00
:. PtreNta&e mere•• In coat
for R.C.C. framed structure building having the same
,, ,c t"
.. pecwca ion
= Rs. 2, 17,740..--Rs. 2:~S,277 x lOO 6 .0701
Rs. 2,05,277 - - - ,o
Total ftoor or rentablc area of R.C.C. framed structure building=-2X 82·89-165·?8 sq m
Totalftooror rentabale area of the buildingwithloadbearingwp.lls-68·29 +76·2~-tti•52sqm
· •• •.Increased ftoor or rcntablc area due to adoption of R.C,C. fram~ structurc-41·2.6eqan
.. . . . . . . lDCreaM of leer.,.. for framed structure building over load bearing,
. walled building- 21 ' 26 sqm x 100•14·71% ·--
144·52 sqm

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RBlNPORCBD CEM,BNT CONCRETE WORKS 251

Although the cost for the framed structure building is 6·07 percent more than the load
hearing walled building but the floor area of the framed structure. building i<1 14· 71 %
more than the load bearing walled building. Therefore • framed 1trac1ure buihllnc
is men ecenomlcal eTeD for a two storey. Moreover rbe cost of apper 11orey is 84'¼, to
that u aroaad 8oor.

4-19. Ad,a■ta.- of R. C. C. Framed Structure Balldln11.

Since brick is weak in compressive strength in comparison with 1:2:4 cement concrete
the width of load bearing walls for buildings having more than four stories becomes
abnormally h~gh and for such caies frame structures are adopted. In case of tall bulldiogs
there is no other alternative but to adopt framed i;tructure which may be of steel frame
or R. C. C. frame. The modern trend is that for R. C. C. framed buildings.

ww As load bearing wall building can not be provided in case of multistories, the

w.E
question of comparison of cost between R. C. C. f, amed and load bearing wall bu1ldin~s
d:.>es not arise at all. But now•a-days R. C. C. framed structures are adopted io many
..:ases even to construct two or three storied buildings. For such cases it is necessary

asy
rn (a) compair the cost of construction between load bearing \\-alled and R. C. C. framed
~tructure buildings and (b) the advantages of R. C. C. framed building over th~ load
!-caring walled building.
En
(al
gin
Comparati,e cojt :-Detailed e5timate of a particular building: providing with
lnad bearing walls first and then with R. C. C. framed structure has been prepared ,

eer
,cparateJy adopting same rates as in the pervious example. lhe cost of R. C. C. framed
•,tructure building becomes 6 to 7 percent more than that of load bearing wall building.

ing
for different plan and design the difference of cost may vary say even upto 8%, But
the floor area of a R. C. C. framed structure building is 12 to 15 percent more than

.ne
that of a load bearing walled building (as worked out in the previous example). Thorefore-
there is actual economy in the case of R. C. C. framed structure buildings, specially
where the cost of land is high.
(b) Furthrr a4,antag11 of R. C. C. fram,d buildings are :-
t
(1) The insid(? planning of room, bathrooms, W. C. etc. can be changed by cfnrnsing
the position of partition walls. Thus greater freedom in planning can be availed.
(2) Monolithic construction is possible in the ease of R. C. C. framed structure and
thus can resist vibrations and shocks more effectively than that of a load bearing walled
b11ilding. · Further, R. C. C. framed structure can be designed to withstand normal
ca rthquake• .
(3) The speed of construction is more.
. . '
(4) . . R.. C. C. fr&lll!=d structure building can be constructed on any kind of soil
specially for soft ground.
. ' ,,

(S) •. Subsequent maintenance charges are less.·

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252 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

4•!8 Vin Voce Qaesdom with a■swen :-
Que1mons
----------
Answers
(1) To mii the ingredients of con- (I) The ingredients are measured by ia batch box
crete in ba1cheto how these are to as sbo\\n below.
be measured 'l

Lm75cm
Ba::4Scm
D-40cm
Volume-013Scu m

ww
(2) How water is. measured
for mixing concrete m batches 7
2) By a 5 litres Kerosine tin the depth of which
may be easily divided into five equal parts by

w.E
(3) What allowance may be recom·
mended for the net quantities of
scratch marks to measure 1 litre of water.
(3) To the net quantities of aggregate 10 percent
must be added for tolerance on measurement and
materials to mix concrete ?
asy for waste, and 5 percent to 'the net quantities of
cement for waste and for making grout.
(4) What type of aggrt>gate you wit
recommend, smooth and rounded
or sharp angular ? En
(4) Smooth and rounded aggregate is to be re-
commended, because this will produce a more
workable concrete where as the latter produces
gin
unworkable concrete for the same water cernen.
ratio as for rounded aggregate:
(S) Due to incomplete compaction
if there be 5% and 10 % air voids eer
(5) Presence or 5% air voids 11111y reduce tlie
strength of concrete by 30% and 10% airvoids the
what will be the effects?
(6) If concrete be over compacted ing
strength may be reduced as much as 50%.
(6) Due to over compaction segregation (i. e.
have you any objection ?
.ne
separation of coane 'aggregate from the ·i rest)
may result.
(7) In one stack how many ba@s of
cement you may recommend 7
(8) What amount of floor space
may be considered to occupy by
t7) Maximum 10 bags, but preferably 8 bags.
Any further amount may cause bursting and
hardening of the bags in bottom layers.
(8) 3~ sft.
t
one bag of cement?
(9) How you will maintain clear (9) By placing cover blocks or packing pieces
cover of concrete to reinforcement ' between rcinforcement and shuttering.
(10) In order to hasten the time of (10) If cement be spread, the thin layer of neat
trowling if neat cement or a dry cement formed on the superficial surface crazes
mixture of cement and sand is and cracks. lf a dry mixlure of cement and- sand
,spr,e»d thinly over a wet concrete be spread this may absorb too much water locally
surface to absorb excess Wllter which effects curing and ultimately a dusty sur•
what are the harms ? face is formed when it is subjected to wear. ,
(,l I) , During floor finishinfl if an (11) The i;noisture escaping from the concrete will
ordinary oil paint is applied before tend to lift the paint, which may ,result in peel
,the a;>ncttte i1 fully dry what are off in patches. Moreover, rapaid deterioration of
the barms? the paint will result if the moisture contains alkali ,
and free lime.

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253
REINFORCED CBMBNT CONCRETE WORKS
,.31 ... Dellped T-••• fer aomestlc pwpons :-
tributed:live Joad==290kg per square metre
slab one way reinforced
fc-50kg./!;q cm.
fs•l260kg./sq cm

: Clear spa.:___\ ~ --l·65m 4·8Sm S·S0m

ww
4· 25m
1---
~acing of beams c/c. 1·6 1'67 1·75 t·67 l ·83 2·0 '1·83 2·0 2· 1s 2"30 1·sJ 2•15 2·45 2·6

l (in metre)
(cm) w.E 7·5 7•5 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11

asy
f (cm) 22 22 23 23 23 25 28 28 30· 33 30 34 38 41

(cm) 15 15 IS 18 18 18 11 18 18 18 1K
15 15 15

Top layer (n.os) 2 2 2 2 En 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3

20

gin
16 16 16 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 20 20 20
dia in mm
3 3 3 3 3
~
2 2 2 2 ' 2 3 2 2
: Bottom layer nos.
..:: dia. in mm
2
16 20 20 .22 22 '. 22 20
eer
20 22 22 20 · 20
35 40
20

45
20

so
ing
II
25 30 25 25 , 27 30 32 32 40
... Dist. of bend 25 66 60 68 75 78
32 45 32 32 : 45 48 56 68
for top layer 32
- - - - - - 78 96 106 10"

.ne
I
(from support)
in cm I

urrup fixer
;ha in mm 10 10 10 10 10
i
i
10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 t 12

"'0.
.
:I Spacing near at
support (cm) ... 15 15 15 15 15 17 17 20 19 19 19 19 21 2l
·=
rii Distance from 16J
support. (cm) ... 90 90 120 210 2 10 210 105 244 105 120 135 135 150
-e.
$_p acing for
8
a rest portion ... 15 lS 1S - - 20 20 21 23 21 25 28 39

-
0 (cm)

1
uantity of main bar

· •·
uantity.of stirrups .
~d her in q.
-- ...
'
···r 10
r
10
37
11
j 59

14
s9
4
59

19
MI 14
20 21
77

22
78

23
92

is
92

261
69

2S
-
97

21

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ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPBCIFfCATIO~

IXUCll!IE JV
Fig. 4-21 shows tbe roof plan (omitting the directions of roof slopes ar,id rain water
pipet) for two rooms with back verandah and kitchen. rite slab is two-way reinforced and

l
tbe cranked bars are shown as if cranked upwords on the plan instead of dotted lines •
...,'°"'·-+------- 4•om-----..,-.---s·rm---......-1f
T
E
~I
r-----1-
11
_____:ti
so1

t
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___,cr.11
IOCffl R.C. :
I ' I loll& I
r----- -------------- 7 : 6fflffl4ROO
•m•qe ,,ao
I
E
30: I 1t 0
Clll! tOCII R.C.SU& I I 1Ct1 ;,,
5
,-
ww ~
"' -, I
I
._II __ _
I
'I -
I
I

w.E
r
_ _______ JI

------·,
asy I
I

En
gin
eer
ing
.,_----J·•m-----t-------••3rn----- .ne
e
0
IQ

.L

The arrangement of ban at mid spans are as follows :

.FIG. 4-21 t
For rooms :-Main bars.lOmm ,f,@ 12 cm c/c along short spans and secondary bar!'i
10mm ,f, @ 20cm c/c along Jong spans.
For kitcbea (roof measuring outer 2'8m>< 3·tml :-Main bars 10mm ~ @ 12cm c/c
and secondary bars 6mm ef, @ 20cm c/c.
Verandah :-Main bars 10mm ,f,@ 20cm c/c and secondary bars 6mm t, @ 20cm c/c.
Alternate bars are cranked near and support for both ways of reinforoemcnt and i~ case of
adjacent 1pan11 the aamo is carried upto onc~fourtb of tho ne:at span.
Prepare an estimated cost to conttruct the roof .if weight of 1~m and 6mm dia. bars
an .0-62.•.kl an• 0·22 kJ per rm •nd the slab thic.knas ~ 10cm all over. ·· At1~ any
~ b l e rato of your locality and make an indent of ban:
',1 , ' , ' ' '

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CHAPTER V
WOOD WORK roa DOORS AND ~•~nows
S-1. Deer •• ·wbatlew fra--Frame works for doori. and windows are fixed to
m.:sonry wall by providing 'Horns' 15cm length as shown in fig. S-1 or by M. S, clamps
of flat iron about 30cmx5cmx6mm as shown in fig. 5-3 or by wooden block built into
the masonry as shown in fig. 5-2. Tbe latter methods are mostly followed and specially for
3 piece frames without sill. When 'Horns' are not specified it is usual to provide door
window frames without tllem,

ww
w.E
--\15 c:m)oll~----- \00 cm --,-~~,s c..r-
H& A 0

- 10 CIIJl 8cm
asy
En
gin
p
0 eer
s
T
s
ing
.ne
T

t
1 ·--- -,·1LL
-..... FIG. 5-t J!"JG. 5-3

.s., . Bltimate the quantity of wood work of door frame as shown in g. 5•1.
· A••-:--Total length of framo•2 [200+ (100+2x 1')]-660cm
..-. Quantity of wood wotk•.660cm ~ 10cm x km•0·0S28 ou m•.

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256 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

S-2. ~lltlmate ef a latteud Jed1.. Htr laf-Estimate the quantity of timber required to
construct a Battend-ledged door leaf 80cm x 1·9m as shown in fig. S-4 and al~o · prepare
an analysis of rate. All timber works shall be of C. P. teak wood. Assume reasonablt
rate of materials and labour of your locality. Length of each ledge is 70cm.
( For analysis of rate read Chapter X ).

&4lT£NS !6CffllC~Omm

T
EXCLODIHGi J,,._ GROVING

ww
w.E
asy
En Ji=

gin - IS)

eeIr
in g.n
et

Mff.BNJ!D..LEDOEJ;> l>OOll 1.BAf'

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WOOD WORK FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS 257

L.en•g• Tb1ck 0 Unit

Particulars No. th. B. Quantity. Rate
ness or· Amount
-- -- - cm cm cum cum
-- Rs. P.
- - Rate Rs.
-P.
(a) Materlal1-
(Z) Tl,,,b,r (111. el au
Indian Teok)
Batten {left edge) ... 1 190 16 20 0·006

Battens remaining
portion with groving 4 190 )7·5 20 0·021
... 1 70 10 ts 0·001
wwTop ledge

Middle ledge ... 1 70 20 lS 0·002

Bottom ledge
w.E ... 1 70
'fotal
10
-
15 0·001
0•037
•Add 10% for wa!>tage ... 1 -
as-y - -- 0·004

(II) Fitting- En...

Gran<1 1 ou,1 o·o,u cum 3,800 cum ISS•80

Garnet or Tee hinges 10 cm long ...

Tower bolt 15 cm g
... ...... in
...
2 Nos.
l No,
3·00
.•2'80
Each
Each
6·00
2·80
Alumm1um handle 10 cm
Iron socket bolt 15 cm long ...
... ......
1 No.
J No. eer 4•00
2·60
Each
Bach 2·60
4'00

Wooden cleat
Hinges for Clleat 2·!cm
Screws 25 mm
...
...... ...
...
...
l No.
1 No.
SO Nos. i
0·80
l·SO
n
o·so g
1·00
Each
Each
Doz •
0·80
J•SO
4'16
Scrc\\S 20mm JO Nos.
.ne
Doz• 0'63

I t
(b) Labou-
... ... 2 18"00 Bach 36"00
Carpenter
Helper ... ... l 14·00 Bach 14·00
Total• 228·29
(c) Saarla or contlnaency ud T. cl P. etc. ~ 1% of the total - 2·28
(d) Pnlt aH OTerlllld
- Total - 230'57
@ 10% of the total - 23·06
Orand Total - 253'63

• Rate'. Rs. 2S3'63 • Rs 166·86 per sq m

•• . l-9x ·80 • '

• 10 percent wastaac bas beon aUowed fo~lowing tbe practice of C.P.W.D.

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258 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

ALL l)OlEN$tONS ARf. IM Cl'II'

------no -------~~r
- - - -- - - --
-,-

- - - -- - -
roxe
I
~ FRA«
"T ~ «1
~··
15mm _ I I 1?>1'4 TOP IU,IL It)

i{EB.t\TS
-:q .... I - I I
I
I 1, /
I rs;:-- / I
I
I I
I
i--- I

i~--
I I I
I I I
I I I !
/
- - ' ~
I
I
I
rr - ·13)(,4 FRtf.ZE. RAIL
T~
~
-- --
'------=/
I J_
I ~
·- I
/
I ,I,1
ww
I
I I
I I
I
I -1 101(4 STYLE.
I I

w.E
I
I
I
I
I
I
-
I
I
-rt -
I
IJ2 TMICK RAISED
PANtL ....0
~ '

a
I i
~. I I
'

s=---- sy
I
I I I
I
I I

------lJ I

En--
I I I
I
I
I " I
I
I
"~~--- --~ ---. '_:- I
i
I u'2,0X4 LOCK RAIL
T
.L '
T
'C

__gi
I 0
I
I
I
I
~- I+- c-i
I
•

n
I _j_ .i
I -
K .. ·:::·
I l
~~--/ I / I

eer
I
I I I
I
I 't
I I
I I
I
I
I

ing
I I I
I
I
I
I I'
I
I
I 'I·
... I I
I
I
.....
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~30X'4~:~ WOLl)FJ.ST

t .ne
t
I
!/ I/
' I
I
I
I ' I
I
It\
('I T
j I l ·, 5X4 ll,0TT0MO1L "'
r
. i:. \..
... t
~
' •
_.,; -'r'
ELE\/ATIOM SEC. ELEVATlON

,.

PIG. S.5
) '
P/JIU!J,UID IJ00a SHUTl'B& WD'B PRAMS

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WOOD WOR.K FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS 259

S•3. l!'.atllllate ef a ,._lied •oor-thatter-Esti.m~te the quantity of timber required to
construct a,: pan~l!ed;· door shutter as shown m. fig. S-S including frame and also
prepare an analys1s:;of rate for the shutter only. All tunber works shall be of 1st. class
Indian teak wood. 111 Assume reasonable market rate of your locality.
Thick• '-lll&O• Umt
Particulars No. L. B. ness tity Rate of Amount
(a)Matwlale- --- - - - cm. C
-- -
mm cum Rs. P rate
-- Rs. P,
----
(i) Timber {18t clasi Indian
Teak)
Styles (203·5=210-8+ l·S) 4 203·S 10 40 ·0326
=
To., rail (97 110-2 x 8 +
......
2xI•S) l 97 13 40 ·ooso
Frieze rail I 97 13 40 ·0050
V,ck rail ... l 97 20 40 ·0078

ww
Bottom rail
Panels (sum total length
with l ·scm insertion 1=
... l 97 1S I 40 ·oos p I

x t ·S) w.E
203'5-2 X 13-20-15+6
B=ti[(97+ l ·S)-4 x l0+4x
2 JS l ·S 32·2S
Total -20
==
•019S
'U/57
J•5]
1·Scm-central overlap
•Add lO'Yo for wa~tagc
asy
... ... ... ...
l
I

- '0076
-
(:?a) Frame ... ... E
... n
Total
530 10
...-
80
·us33 3800
·0429
CU Ill 316·54

Total quantity of timber

gin o-'i162 cum

<;I) Fitti,sg8-
Tower bolt 30cm (at top)
-do- I Scm (at bottom)
...
... ......eer I No.
l
. ,,
s·oo
2·80
Each
,,
s·oo
2"80
Aluminium handle IOcm ...
.........
...
... . i n I ,, 4'00 4•00
Aldrop (for locking)
Hinges 10cm
Wooden cleat
...
Hings :?·Scm (for wooden cleat)
...
...
...
...
...
...
g .
1 ,

... so" t·oo / .ne

6Nos
2 ••
2 ..
,
7·50
••
2•.:;o
,,
0·7S
1·so , ,.
7·50
15·00
l·SO
3"00
... ...
s·oot
Screws 40mm Doz 4'16
Screws 20mm ... . .. ... ... o·so 75 •• Doz

(It) Laboar-
Ca rpenter !
I
I 4 ,,
; 2 .,
IS·00
14·00
1· Each
,.
12·00
Helper 28"00
·-· !

Total =464·4s
(c) Sundries or C011tlD1ency and T. & P. ere. @ I% of the total - 4'64
Total-469·09
· @ 10% of the total = 46·90
---------...,,.,....
Orand total -s14·99

...
• 10 per~rit wastage has beeo allowed following the'piactice of the C. P. W. D.

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260 ES?IMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

ALL DIIA.£.N510N5 I.Rt IN Gffl

f-- ---uo
l ,- - -- - --- -,--I -- -- ------ -...,
--- _,,.,_ __ -
- - roxsi:R AME
IOX8 TO PAA\\.
I
ww
i
.. j
I -F"'·=-=Fi=-=-9 I
I I I I
BATB '' \~ i I I ! I
I I I I I
II.I ! : I
I I
I
I
I I i
IOX4 6

w.E
I -, I
I' I : I
I
I
I
I
I
I I

I
II I I I I I I!
1!
II
I
I I 1(1 X.l'!i LO:JVE.RS

asy
I I I I
I
II I I I I I ! I I
I
I I I
I I j I II
I I I I

En
I I I I
I I: I I I I
I ._, I
I_______ .J
I
1..--------.J
I I I V

I
gin
I
I I
___ ...--i. ___ I l!l<.+ L. OCK RAIS.
I I - __ CL--..i
I I
I
I il
eer
I
t I I
I I I
I
I : 11 I
I 1! I! I

ing
I I
'I '
I
,,
: I I
:
I
I
I
'
I
I
1 I '
I
I fl I I I
I
' :.
I I

.ne
I
I I I
I I I I I
I
I
., I '..I' I
\'2f.X"4>4' • IIOLDFU1
L------.J

t
I L- - - - - - - '
I
L- ------- _,I
---------- - .J
10)(.4 10TlOI. IU,IL

SECTIONAL ELEVATION
ELEVAflON

"--"'25 --1
·SICTIONAL PLAN
ICAI.E:- iGII • 1111.

·11G. S-t
• ·• VIMITIOMl!D WINDOW 1111J1'T!k Wlffl PM.MB

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\
WOOD WORK FOR DOORS AND. WINDOWS 261

5.4. lltblate of a ,eaetlolel Window Shalter.-Estimate the quantity of timber required

11 1 construct 40mm thick vonetioned window shutter only as shown in fig 5-6 and also pre•
,•-•- --
·· · "
r• - • •
All timber works shall be of 1st. class Indian teak wood.

Particulars No. L
cm
B.
'Chick
mm
I I\.JniC
ness uantity Rate of Amount
cu m Rs. P. rate Rs. •P.
-·-· --------1---1 cm
--- --,---
(a) Materl.al•
(I) Wood work (1st. class
Indian Teatt)
Styles 4 137 10 40 ·0219

ww
Top rail
Lock rail
Bottom rail
l
I
l
97
97
97
10
13
10
40
40
40
·0039
·ooso
·0039
Lovers
3S·2S=i[97-(2O+
18•5)+(4X3]
w.E ... 2x 16 35·2s 10 15 '0169

Monkey Bar (upper

and lower) asy 120 4 40 ·0038

Add 10% for wastage

En f-o-t-al- ---- . ·0S54
= ·oos5
gin
Grand IJ'otal= / O0ovY 3,800 .um 231'42

(ti) Eitting,- eer

Screw type monkey hook ing
32 Nos.
4 Nos.
l·OO each
4·oo each
32·00
Parliamentary hinges 10cm x I0;m ...
Tower bolt 22'5cmx 10mm
Butt hinges for cleat 2·Scm
...
...
l No.
t No. .ne
4'00 each
3·50 each
56"00
4'00
3•50
Screws 4omm
Screws 12.mm
2 No~.
36 ,,
150 ••
o·so each
1·00 Doz
(j•60 0oz
t1·60
J·oo
1·so
Laboar-
1.b)
Carpcnter
Helper
... 5 Nos 18·00 each
3 Nos 14·00 each
9o·oo
42·00

Total ■ •Rs. 47l•oi

(c) ._.du or centlqercy ud T. AP. etc. @ 1% of the Total= , Rs. 4•71
Total•R.s. 475·73
(Cl Plelt·u i ONnea• @ I0o/o.of the Total-Rs. 7·57
Grand Totid=ks. 41!J'JO
Ila. 483'30
:. ltatc•---·---Rs. 363"38 per sq m
' x
0•97, t •)1

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262 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

A\.\. llllltllSIONI Allt 'IM C'lft
----eo
TOP ~A.IL 1001"111 .,...- ..:------:inc------:;r,,r 8X4 TOP "All,,
w10s

D
-811.4 STYLt

FREZ.'RAIL
.0'111.WI. WIDS

D f:
I=
C
w,
0)
- LOCK""'L
150ffl'III- WIO&
...0..,

•
wD:
ww aOTTOMJl~IL
IIOTII"" WIOII
lL .}:l_L:i,lj
I,

.Ea
-,.30"ffl1ft
a-- 8 2 5 mm .-----l
SCALE:-4tffl•tll.
SINGLE LBAF PANELLBO SHUTTER
FIG. 5-'7 syE GLAZED WlNDOW SHUTTER W(THOUT FRAME
FIG. 5-1

ng
5-S. Eatimate of a lla1le leaf w004len pa•lled deor wltb fnme :-Draw a proportioned
and dimensioned sketch of a sin~le leaf teak wood panelled door, &ize of the wall opening

ine
being 1950mm height x 825mm width and e•timate the total quantity of timber required
in cub10 metres for each door including frames and shutters. Also make a list of fittings
you 1uggest for this door.
Details oftbe 1ketcb u adopt•• :-Tbe frame size is 125mm x 75mm. Shutter is 37mm
eri
thick. Top rail is 100mm x 37mm. Bottom rail is 150mm x 37mm. Frieze aail is
80mm x 37mm. Lock rail is 150mm x 37mm. Styles are 100mm x 37mm. Insertion of panel
ng
into rail or style is 20mm. Rebate in frame is 12mm. Panel thicknes1, 1s 12mm.
[Note :-Single lcar door may have 4 nos intermediate rails instead of frcizc and Lock
rails with a smaller width ). .ne
&,,,,,.,~ :-
Particulars No. L. B. Th.
t
Quantity
cu.m
(i) fealc wood work for sbu1ters : - -- -m- - - - - m m

Styles L=19S0-75+12 (rebatr)-1887mm 2 1·887 0·100 0-037 0·0140

Top rail La:825-2 x75+2 x 12=699mm I o·u,o 0'037
0·6::19 00025
...•••... ...
.........
Frieze rail 1 0 699 0080 0•037 0·0021
Lock rail
: Bottom rail
.••... l
l
I
o·699 0·1so 0'037
o·699 0·1so 01>37
0'0039
0-0039
PaDels hum total length with 20mm insertion)
L-1887-I00-80-2x 150+6 x 20• 1627mm
B==6~9-2 x 100+2 x 20-539 mm ... 1· 1'627 o·s.Je 0•0\2 . 001.52
(ii) Priune :-Poet& (with 30mm insertion) ... l 1:9so 0·1'25 0-075 0·0371
Read ... •.. 1 0-825 0-125 0·075 0-0077
.
· .•. Tota.I q.uanraty oftimbor required for each door including fra1r.c-o·os~• cum
Llilt el ~ :-To~er bolt 30cm long 1 No., Alumin~um .handle 2 NO!., Lever handle
(for .Joctana) 1 No~, Htnfee 10cm 4Doa., Wooden cleat l 1'10., Hil'l&e for cleat l No.. .

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WOOD WORK FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS 263

5-6. Eatl■ate of
a ~lazed Wladow Sh■tw -Estimate the quantity of timber required
to construct 40mm thick glazed window shutter only as shown in fig. 5-8 and also prepare
an analysis of rate. All timber works shall be of tst class ltidian Teak wood,
fhtCK Untt
Particulars No. L. B. ness Quantity! Rate of Amount
P.
--- -- ~-cm -
--- cm . mm
- cum Rs. P. rate R~.

(a) Materials-
(i> Timber- I
I
Styles ... 4 lSO 8 40 ·0192 ...
Top and bottom rails ... 2 90 8 40 '0058

ww
Sash bars horizontal with
2·Scm insertion ... 6 34 4 40 ·0033
Sash bars vertical w.E... with
2·5cm insertil1n

... as
l 139
roiar
4 40
---
==
0044
'0327 I
... y
¼
A dd. 10° for wasta ge
E-------
.. .
Grand Total
...
ng -
I ·o0 33
0'0360 3,800 cu 136"00

i ne
(ii) Fittings-
Tower bolt 30cm ... eri
1 No,·
l J\o,
4•50
3·00
Each 4 50
3 00
Tower bolt 15cm
Hinges 10cm 4 Nos.
ng
:!'50
Eiicb
Each 10·00

.ne
Aluminium handle 10 cm l No, 4'00 Each 400
2 Nos. 0 75 · Bach 1·so
Wooden cleat
Hinges for wooden cleat 2 5cm ... 2 . I '50 Each 3·00
Screws 40mm
Screws 20mm
••.
Glass panes 16 Nos each 32·5cm ,c 14·Scm (with
... 36 u
50 •
1·00
o·so
Doz.
Doz. t
3·00
3·22

1cm insertion) ... ... 7S2sqm 28'00 sq m 21·06

(b) Laboar-
Carpenter •..
Hc,ptr . .
... CTNos.1s·oo
... I No. 14·00
I Each
Each
54 00
14·00

(c) Saurles o, contlnaeacy and T. & P. etc. @1 %, ••

Total-----~----
of the total
Rs. 258 08
Rs. 2·5H
- -- Total = ks. 260•Qt,
... rn% of the total ~Rs. 26"07
Oraoa Total = Ra, 2ts6·73
R Rs. 286·73 .
•·· ate - O"!'0xl·SO • Rs. 212 39 per sq m.

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264 BSTIMATINS. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

5•7. s... ll•r• WWow ll'lttla11 :-

8UTt HtNCE PARLl,.MINTA.RV GARMET tilWG!
-
•
m []):o· o
0 ""
...
0 ... 0 !I
0 ... e

~~,-,.
0 ... 0
"l'oWER BOLT

ww ~dh@:__ -' .
..,

w.E lo.LDROP

asy
HASf:t -'ND STP..i:>I..E
601..T En
gin
PIG. 5.9

UEI.CIS&
eer
Fig. 5•10 shows the details of a Fanlight. Prepare a detailed estimate of the same
using C.P. teak wood and adopting your local market rates.
ing
--·r----
··j·~•=-1:s:.s,c,
.... I
.. ,.,..,._,.,,.=,r•·
/// ;..,
l .ne
t
1~~
- .ii,.!'•• !
.........
.....
=• t-----.._------1 .•
~--~-------------M~,-----~ ~~~
c◄ ELIVATION tLO\U NlfflOM OPII POlff!W .
(KN.11-&aa•-t . SICTIOII OIi W ...- . . .

ftG, 5•18

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CHAPTER VI
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WOll:S
,.,. Metllod of MeaaN111Nat ef Water 1applJ and Saaltary work• baaed on IS UOO.
(o) Gm,ral :-Tbe description of each item shalt include all Jabour for finishing
to required shape and size, setting, fitting and fixing in position, straight cutting and
waste, handling. fabrication, hoisting, conveyance and delivery etc. All works shall be
measured net as fixed in its place. All pipes and fittings i:hall be classified according to
their diameters. method of joining .and fixing. The diameter shall be the nominal diameter
of the internal bore. In the case of -fittings of two unequal bores, the largest bore shall
be accounted.
All pipos shall be measured net, in running metres along the centre Jine of the

ww
pipes and fittings. Length as laid or fixed shall be measured over all fittings like bends,
junctions etc, which shall not be measured separately. The method of Jaying and

w.E
joining pipes and fittings shall be fully described, Testing of pipe line and sanitary
works shall be described in the description of the item. Lead caulked joints shall be
enumerated separately.
asy
(b) Wot1.rr supply:- Pipes laid in trenches and pipes fixed to wa.11, ceiling shall be

En
measured separately. In the description for laying pipe line shall include all cutting
and waste. standard fittings and cutting threads where necessary and also the method

gin
of joining and fiiting. Pipes shall be classified according to their srzes and quality.
Cutting through walls, floors etc. and making good the damage shall be included with
the item excepting concealed pipe work.
eer
(c)
ing
Plumbing :-Bib cocks, pillar cocks. stop cocks, ball valves, cistrrns, ferruls,
gratings, waste washers etc. shall be described stating the size, capacity and materials.
fhe joint~'and the fixing shall also be described and included in the item.
.ne
Bends, branches, inspection doors, enlarged sockets etc. for Soil waste and Vent
pipes shall be enumerated as extra over.
Ventilation cowls, and wire guards shall be described and measured separately
according to the bore of the pipe over tops of which these shall be fixed.
t
Lead pipes shall be classified according to their size and weight per running metr~
and shall be measured in running metres.
(4) Ejfl111111 Drain,, and,1a11Uary fittings :-Effluent Drains shall be fully describ:J
and measured in running metres.
Gullies, syphons. intercepting traps etc. shall include setting. concrete bedding anj
connecting to drains. and thall be enumerated.
Sanitary fittings such as closet pant, urinal, Bushing pipes, brackets. lavatory
basins, shower roses, sinks and theit fittings together with the fixing of the same shall
be enumerated and fully described.
34

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266 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

'-2. Batbute for ll~klq ••• ••• dlt. T■N•1'ell.-Fig~ 6-l shows the elevation · ·o f a
tub'e-. wetNOmm dia. fitted with an ordinary hand pump after remov!ll of eart~ etc,
Prep1re an estimated cost with schedule of items to construct a tube-well for a--·total
d~tb of ~m. Assume any reasonable rate of your locality. Length ofatrai1tez: .is ·-a·6m
and iurface drain is 2m.
!&nm cemaoc:dGa ltod

&.-.,uu.1..

ww
w.E .
. -· - .· ,
asy
• . "' ,/. L
,:;,;,
• a.w.
,:,o

-~
. l Wtl.L P.tPL
En
gin
,C:
eer I ,

roR '
GI/,
I,

ing
/.

N'~
I 1,'
, ,

.ne
Suction 40mm
- ··cou~.:..~--:
t

· '<,IG. '-1)
For water JeveJ . .
upto 7· 3m rrom O.L.
··~. .,, ' .
For water Jevel beyond
7·3m from G. L,
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WATBR SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 267

&ate Unit.
Item Quantity Rs. P. of Amount
No. Description of Items Rate R<i. P.
----1-------------------
(a) Materlals-

1 40m"m dia . O'4lvanised Iron (G.I.) 86"4 rm 33·00 rm 28$1·20

pipe I. T. C. (Medium)
2 40mm dia. Strainers (1 ·Sm long 2 Nos. 145·00 eacll 290'00
each) (P. T. I.)
3 Hand Pump No. 6 t No. 130·00 each 130'00

4 ww 40mm dia. C.I. plug cutter ,.. 1 No. 9'50

s w.E
40mm dia. steel plug cutter
{b) L1boar-
(l) Sinking in any soil
I No. D'OO

asy
40mm dia. pipes by water jet
system and withdrawing the same
from-
G.L. to 60m
60m to 90m En ...
•·· ~o
ltO rm 12·00
16·00
rm
rm
120·00
480'00

2 Fitting, fixing. jointing and lowering gin rm

40mm di~. pipes with

from O.L. to 90m ·

strainers
and plug cutter in the bore hole
... 90 rm eer 3·00 rm 210·00
3 Fitting, fixing, and erecting the
hand pump including supplying ing
4
necessary H.D. bolts •••
Pumping out water till sand free
t No. 20·00 each
.ne20·00

S
water is obtained
Construction of t ·2m x I ·2m maso-
nry platform of cement concrete
{h2:4) base and foundation over
... 1 T.W. 18·00 per
T.W.
IS·CO
t
a brick flat soling includjng 12mm
, cement plaster . (1:3) and surface
finished with neat cement as per
drawing ... 1 No. 215·00 each 21s·oo
6 Brick masonry surra.cc drain I Scm
wide 10cm deep o'D 8cm cement
: concrete (l:3:6) foundation inclu•
i dioa 12mm cement plaster (1:3-)
wrfact'ftt1ished .with, neat cement
·1 .
,. . etc. c<>mpl~te ·••• \ 2 m 20·00 rm
- -~ - - ~- -- T'otat- su:;<,·7u
Add S¾ for contingency - 2s2·s4
Add 2;% for W.C.= 126·42
~ . Grand Total = ·5435'~6

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268 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

,.,. Ettlmate fer tl11kla1 •• ;tOmm •••· Tal9ewell &ttetl wltb ..., well .... , - , _
Pif. 6-2 shows the elevation of a tubewell 40mm dia. fitted with deep wolf ba11d pump
after removal of earth etc. Prepare an estimated cost with schedule ~f items to ·construct
8uch a tube well for a depth of 90m below G_.L. The length of casing pipe is 12m below
G.L. Assume any reasonable rate of your locality. Lengths of-strainer and surface drain
are 3·6m and 2m respectively. ·
Unit
Item Description of Items Qu. _Rate of Amount
No. Rs. P. Rate Rs. P.
-----,-.-,M-.a~n-,·,~.~,~,----------------
1. 40mm d1a. Galvanised Iron (G.l.) pipe I.T.C.
,.
3.
(Mc=d1um)
40rnm dia.
Deep well
strainers (I ·Sm long each)
hand pump
... 74·40
••. 2 Nos. 145·00
••• I No.
3:l·OO

11:;•oo
rm
Each
Each
2,455·20
290"00
175'00
4. 40mm d1a. steel plug cutter .. . I No. 13'00 Each tJ·oo
5. 40,nm dia. C.l. plug cutter .. . l No. 9•75 Each 9·75
6.
7.
ww10.;m x 40mm reducing socket
10cm d1a. ca~ing pipe (30cm extra above
GL.)
.. . l 1'o.
... 12·3m 163·00
18'00 Each
rm
1s·oo
2009·90
8.
9.
10.
(Medium)
w.E
10cm x40mm combination flange L.T.C.
12mm dia. connecting rod
J11m nut
1 No.
l2'3m
8 Nos.
3400
1600
1·so Each I Each
rm
34'00
196'80
12·00
11.
12.
12,nm coupling
?·Scm all bras-s cylinder (Bisco)
1b) Labour-
asy 4 Nos.
1 No.
2·50
zss·oo Each
Each 10'00
285'00

Making necessary bore by water .iet system for

lowering 10.;m d1a. housing pipe for deep well En
2.
pump set and withdrawing the b->ring pipes
from G.L. to 12m.
Sinking 40mm dia. pipes by water jet system
••• 12m
gin 3S·oo rm· 42000
and withdrawing 1he same from-
(a) Below the 10cm dia. bore to 60m from G.L. 48m
lb) From 60m to !I0m. ... eer 12·00 rm S76·00
480 00

ing
30m. 16·00 rm
3. Fitting, tiiting, jointing and lowering 10cm dia.
hriusinp. pipe. . .. 12m 3·00 rm 36·00
4. Fitting. fidng jointing, and lowering 40mm
pipe. strainers wi1b plug cutter including ma-
king necessary joint with 10cm dia. housing .ne
s.
pipe.
Fitting, fixin~ deep well pump cylinder, Head•
stock, connectins rod & jointing flanges
••• 78m 0·8S rm
t66·30

6.
ar()und 10cm dia. well pipe and 40mm d,a.
delivery pipe.
Pumping out water till sand free water is
. .. 1 No. I
100·00 Each 100·00

obtained
Constructing I •2m )( 1·2m masonry platform
••• I No. 18·00j Each_ 1s·oo
7. 1
cement concrete (l:2:4) base and foundation
over a brick flat soling 12mm cement plaster
(1:3) including surface finished wiLh -nea't
cement ... I No.
I
2is·OO . Each 215·00
a. Brick masonry surface drain 15cm wide tOcna
deep on cement concrete I 1:3:6) foun.iation
includin1 12mm cement plaster (l:3) surface
ftn~bed with neat cement _complet!_, __......__,.:·•;;,·._,,-=2_;:m_:..~~~_.:........:_2:,;__0::...•.o..o:;i_,.._.;r;;;m...·---~•-----40_,......•0(

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WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 269

,-3. How leaath or a stniatr er a cube-w.al ■ay bt determlHd :-

.
From Dupuit's principles, steady radial flow in an extensive confined aquifer of
uniform th~ckness and permeability is given by
Q= 2·73 Kt (R-h)
log~
a
Where, K=Coefflcient of permeability at unit Hydraulic gradient.
t = The thickness of aquifer
H-h-Drawdown
o- Diameter of cone of influence.

ww d=Diameter of strainer pipe.

From tabulations of Casagrande giving different values of coefficient of permeability

w.E
f,,r different types of soil, K has been assumed as 4 x 10 · 2 centimeter per second, which
will satisfactorily apply to tile type of soil condition.

asy
Limiting the drawdown to a maximum of 15ft. and using 100ft of8"' dia strainer pipe
and assuming the dia, of cone of influence as 500ft. th1; yield of the tube-well works
out to:

En
K=4 x Hr:!cm/sec=l·31 x 10·· 3 f.p.s.
t= 100"
D=S00"
H-h-1S ✓
gin
d-8".,=0·67'

•. Q= 2·1Jx(t·Jtxto- 3 )xt00~cu sec

eer
log. 5o0
0·67
ing
.... ~ 73 ~-(!•~IX 1o-:1
Jog.soo
XI~~~
.ne
)( 22,500 g.p.h, [ 22,500=60 X 60 x 6 ~:]=42,000 g,p.h

0"67

Assuming that th.e infiltration rate is 200 g.p.h. per sq. ft, of the strainer area as may
be observed from practical experience yield comes to
t
Q='ll'dXLXq
Where, Q a: Discharge in g.p.b.
d-dia. of strainer pipe-s'.,-o·67'
L-Length. of strainer pipc-100.,,.
Q•infiltration rate-200 g/sft./hr •
••, Q•3'14X0"67 x lOOx 200-•U,000 g,p.h.
It is th11s seen that yield ~mputec:I on observational data compares very favourably
1f'itb tho theoretical yield of-the tube well shown above.
Considering a·faGtor or safety of 1 ·2S from praeticat observation, 8.,,.., dia. and l00'long
1

.ttrai~r -pipe may ·be propoMd for an yield of 4~.: =33,608 say 33,000 g.p. h.

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270 EfflMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

12mmTN.CEM
PLASTER-
- - ro A.v. Tu. c..c,
(6:3;1) overt.owe
t.AYeR. e.P.SOLlNti
t--300-1
G,&..
.:.'. : ~ ~_i:-

-"1257.
15 TH. w.c.c.·
, ?f0T::C, 'It ovsa. &A.1c1t.
t..cll--,:::-_-_-_:_::_.::..::.-=..;::;
ww
a"51(8: $0\.IWC. •

w.E 4 \80

-
i40

asy
En
gin
SECTION OM-AS eer
ing
~--- .ne
'
t
A / \
.'
.......;
•
I
'
•

--

PLAN

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WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 271

6••· l'.lfflllde el' a ..._, well-Fig. 6•3 shows the plan and sectional elevation of.a
masonry well 180 cm dia. · Prepare an estimated cost to construct such a well !assuming
reasonable prevalent rates of your locality. General specification of the work are as
follows :-Brickwork in steining wall of well. pillars and parapet and platform shall be
of 1st. class in cement mortar (l :4), inside of steining wall and all round to that of pillars
parapet and, platform shall be 12mm thick cement plastered (1:3). Other particulars shall
be followed as per drawing.
- --
temi Description No. t. B. R.· Qu. Total Explanatory notes
~o. - --
m m. m
Earthwork la escaft•
tioa .in any soil upto 1·Sm
below G.L.
(a) along the depth of

ww
the well [1r(2•60' l X l ·S 260-1so+2x 40

(b) retaining
platform w.E wall of
21rx 2·0 x li2s x •Jo /o 97
8'94 20S = radius .., 90
D1111■1 260 cm ester-
nal dia. for 180cm iaternal
dfa. masonry through an}
asy cum + 30 + 80 + S

t.Clil including blasting if

necessary from En
(a I 1·Sm to 5'4m
,b) s·4m to 9m ...
3'90
3 60 gin
Di11la1 18 0cm dia.
and dressing the vert,ca
faces with plumb to that 01 eer
its upper steining wall in
any soil including blas-
30 J•Om
ing
ting

Earthwork la 8111111 up
1 J·OO
.ne
the gaps on the back of '
30cm well steining layer
by layer _ 5.4 15·4 rml
t
7 ·5cm tblek cement
coacrete(l:2:4) t(>r bed
of the well steining ... 21
''" X 2•20 X '40 X 07S '21 cum 2·2 m is mean dia.
=180cm+40 cm.
C.meat eoactete
(1: ,:I) in foundation of
retaining walls •24
cum
ht. elan ltrlctworlc
for steining w.all ; of well
in cement' mort"r (1:4)
below G.L. ·
(a) 40cm thick portion ... Y. 2·20 •4a, x J•60 ·95
(h) .,30c.!n thick p.ortioa ,...j x2·1e •30 X '5•40 t"'26i
21"15 CIJ tn

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212 ESTIMATING. COSTl'NG ANO SPECIFICATION .

Item
-
No.

•• ht.
Description

clau brickwork
ia camat mortar ( l :4)
~1 L.
rn
B.
m I:· I
r--, Qu
Total Bxptaaat-ory note

84• Mso+al)
above G.L. 8cm ~lope consi•
(a) P,uapet ... 1 ,rX 2•10 X ·30 X ·84 1·66 dered.
76-}(72+80).
(b) Pillars ... 3 ~(·60+·7 8) X •30x •76 ·47
1-
2·1J cum
,. lO cm t•lck 1,rlckwork
'
tor retaining wall ... 1 27T X 2'05 x·30 - 2 06 2·06 sqm IS cm ht. with
10. Constr1ctln1 10cm a,. . platform (Total

ww
tlllck W.C.C. (1:8:6)
platform over a l1r1ck
flat i;oling including
ht. of 10cm brick
work -4S cm)

fiaisb complete
w.E...
12mm cement plaster
(l :4, and neat cement
1 ~((4·20,« • (2·40)] 2
-
asy
37·33 37·33sqm
4 420= 180+2 X 30
sqm +2x90
11. 12mm thick cemeat
pluaer (1 :3) fio1bbed
With neat cement
(a) Inside of stcaning En
wall including parapet
(b) Outside of parapet
...
1 7TX 1•80
gin--
x9·90 5600
·6S=·80-•J2,
wall
(c) Top of parapet and
pillars ...
1 7TX2'40
1 11'X2"10
x·68
x•30 eer
- I·98
s•13
'
• 12 is the depth of
cone. at parapet
(d) inside of pillars ...
,e) Outside of p,llan •••
3
3
·60
"78 ,•
-- ·72 1·30
·dO l •ij7 ing
- - 6.-.t.lSsqm
12. l5aa x 10cm 1plll water
tarface drat■ b1&v1ng
~

.ne
lOca H. W. in cement
mortar (1:4} OD two
sides as per drawing •.. 1 3·00 - 3·00 • 3rm
,
t
13. SapplJlq aacl 8ttlD1,
biaa l■ pUlan 6Smm x . .
65mm x 6mm iron
painting complete ... 3 .. 2'0m , - - 6·0 6·0rm
u. &app1JIDI ud 8tdq, •
blaa 150 • • dla. C.I.
palley wnb
pulley bar ... 3 -
L•iron
- - 3 3 Nos .
Dew1ter1aa, ■lit c·
.
15.
and 1ite dreniog ...- t -l - -
"' '
- \ 1 item
- .. - -- -- - .. --~
..
.

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WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 273

Abstract of Estimated Cost

~nit IRa1c I ui;i

ltc:lll
No. Description Q~a:i-1
ttty R!!, P. r111e
Amount
Rs. P.
1. t;artnwork m eXCllVlltlOQ ID an_y_s_o.,..il_u_p_L_o_ 1 - - - -- --,
1·Sm below G L. 8·94 cum 320'00 %cu m 28 61
2. Digging 260 cm outer dia. for 180 cm
internal dia. masonry well through any soil
including blasting if necessary
(a) I ·Sm to S'4m below G.L. ••• 3·9 rm 120·00 rm 468 00
(b) 5'4m to 9m below G.L. ••• 3·6 rm 175 00 rm 630·00
3. Digging 180cm dia. and dressing the vertical
faces with plumb to that_of us upper steining
wall in any soil including blasting ... 3 rm 165·00 rm 495•00

4. ww
Earthwork in filling up the gaps on the back
of 30cm well ste10ing layer by layer ••• I IO·OO rm 54·00

w.E
5·4 rm
5. Cement concrete (I :2:4) with stone chip;. 0·21 cum 425·00 cum 89'25

I
6.
7. asy
Cement concrete (1:3:<,) wi1h btone chips

1st cla,s brick\ll\>rk for steining wall of well

0•24 cum 335·00 cum 80·40

in cement monar (1:4) below G.L.

En 21•15 cum 300·00 cum 6,345·00

8. 1st class brickwork in cement mortar I l :4)

above: G L. , ... .••
gin 2'13 cum 295'00

I
cum 628·3S

9. 10cm thick brickwork for retaining wall ...

...
2'06
eer sqrn 40'00 sqm 8.2:40
10. Constructing platfotm with JO cm av. thick
W£.C. (l:3:6) over a bnck flat solmg inclu-
ding neat cement and 12mm cement pldster inI g
(1:4) ... ... ••• 37•33 sqm 33 00 sqm
.ne
1231 ·89
ll.

12.
12mm thick cement 'plaster ('l:3) finished
with neat cement ... •.•
t'Scm x 10cm spill water surf.tee drain having
66·28 sqrn 6·S0 s'qm
t
450·70

10 cm B.W. in cement mortar (1:4) on two ,«

sides as per drawrng ... , ••• 3 rm 27·00 rm 81·00

13. Supplying and fitting.- fixing in pillars 65mm •

, x 65mm x 6mm L-iron pamung complete ••• 6 rm 22·00 rm 132·00
14. Supplying and fitting. fixing 150mm dia. C.I.
p1;1Ucy wltb L-iron pulley bar... • ••• 3 Nos. 32'00 each 96·00
IS. Dewatcring, silt cleaning and site dressin,. item 1oo·noocr item
100·00
Total - Rs. 10,Y!l2·60
Add 5% for continacncy Rs. 549 63 =
Add 2&% for W. C. = RF. 2~·82
Orand Tota! == Ks. 1I,s11·uo
3S

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274 ESTIMATING COSTING .AND SPECJFICATION

P"OSPHOI.
8tl.O-a'1E

ww ,1111.D

w.E
OS

asy
E
En
0

"' gin
eer
ing
.ne
t

riiJlWJ, J
/,
/ 4.
4 ol-cn,

•\,.....__ -------,;,,. .

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WATER SUPPLY AND SA.NITAkY WORKS 275

6-f. Estimate of a brlck-c1111 R.C. Retenolr U.800 litrea eapadtJ :-Fig. 6-S
shows 221800 litres capacity brick-cum R.C. reservoir. 1 be stagmg bciihl of the tank
is 7·6m above around level and constructed with brickwork, Prepare a quantity estimate
including pipe connections but excluding cement pointing to brickwork.
GHtral sp,ci.ficotlon, :-Earthwork in filling shall be of sand, staging shall· be
Rule pointed with cement mortar ( 1:3). Brickwork shall bo of lat class in cement mortar
(l:4). FJoor and vertical ioner sides of the tank shall be of 20mm thick ct"mcnt
plastered with water proofing compound. Outside of the tank and roof shall be 12mm
thick ce~ent plastered. Pigeon boles are to be wire netted with mosquito proof wire
netting. Tank shall be colour washed two coats over two coats of white washing.

Item
No.
Description

T. £ar1bwork In e:xcava- -
I No. L.
m
----- · -
I B.
m
H
m
. -·-·
Qu. , -T~~ 1Explanatory no tc,

ww
tiH depth upto
t ·85m below G.L.
(a) Fot restrvoir

w.......E
foundation
(b) For la'd der
foundation 1
I 12 32
·75
•75
·60
1'23 11·361

'75
-0•341
12·32-1.6 X 2) X
l ·78m tan 30°
=~~+·10
2. Sand fiHl01 to roun- asy 11' 70
cum
1"78
'l. 2

elation treacb11 & flo0r

{a) Foundation tren•
En =
gin- -
ches I ~th Clf e) cavation Area of he;u goa
(b) FJuoring '-···... l o ·866x (3·25 - "10) 2 '30
2'92
2 58 = o·&:66 <l :i

;·:;u cum
3 Brkk flat solfn1 ... 1 12·32 ·75
eer 9-24 9·24 sqm
.
ing
4 Cement concrete
(1:3:6) in foundation
and flooring
(a) For staging
(b) For ladder
...
...
...
I
I I 2'32
·75 ·60
·75 '23
•I 5
2·12
0·01 .ne
5.
( CJ For ftooring

Brickwork In foa■da·
Uoa ID cement mortar
J 0·866 X (3"25--· 10) 2 ·15
- 1··29 3·48 cum
t
( I :4l
(a) For reservoir
50cm laytr
40 cm layer
...... I
I
12·32
12·32
·so
'40
'60
·30
3-70
1"48
'
Chamfer has be en
considered as if
(b) F "r ladder ... l •75 '40 "60
-O·J8 S·36ctt m square

6. Brifl':work Jn super,
ltnletiln! in cement
mortar (1:4) .
(a) For reservoir l I ·98m-(6 X 2)
40cm layer ... 1 12 32 '40 90 4·44
)t

30ctn layer
20cm layer
...... 1 12 32
11 •9~
' 30 J•ro ll '09
I '73m tan 3v 0
.
(b) For ladder · ... I
I ·75
· 20
40
.1·10 8 87
s
·J 0 ·04 =3·2~
l 73. . ·-·--
2 +-·-
2
·20
&.P. 24"44

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276 ESTl~~ATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item
no.
Description I
N..,,
- - - - - - · - --
L.
m
B.
m
H.
m
Qu. Total I Explanatory notes

c.o. 24'44
Deductions for open-
iags m 40cm layer ... 6 ·90 '40 ·45 ·97(-v e)
in 30cm layer ... 6 '90 ·30 3·oo 4·86( .. )
in 20cm layer ... fl ·90 ·20 2·80 3'02(.,)

7.
For R. C. b1od lintel
R.C C. work exclud-
ing rc:inforcement but
including shuttering
1 11·98 ·20
--- -
·30 0·72<,.)
14·87
cum

8.
band lintel (1:2:4) ...
cement concrete
(l:1-}:3) including
shuttering but ex•
1 11·98 ·20 •JO
- -
0·72
o·7J.
CU m
eluding remforcemen1
p..,,
ww
, a) overhead tan~
Vtrtica1 sides
Haunchings at
... wX 4"23 · 13 2·15 3·71
4"23=4·1+·13
13cm is av.tbicknes~

I
inner base
w.E ... wX
-do•at oi;tcr ed~e ... wx
3•97
4'44
~ X'13
{ x·08
·13
·08
O· I 1
0·09
3·97m-4•10-•J 3
4"44m- 4·10+2x
·13+·08

asy
Base slab 1 wx _(4·52) 2 •J 3 2·09
4
Roof (4·36)2

En
+ ('64) 2 x·os
'7T
[--- 1•30 Area of spherical
4 s~gmem=
Dome lower slanti 1g
(°2 )
part
',,
... w/2
•do upper circular part I·
('27+ 47)·20
gin·01 0·02 w 4- +_h_2
'27m=·20+·07
·07
eer
'7T X ·(SJ)ll
(considering whole) 0·06 '47=="40+·07
(b) Beams (web only) 2 3 66 ·20 '28 0'41

Dedactlon for Manhole 1 '11' X ('53) 2

--4 ··-·- ·08 0 02:-v ~ ) ing surface area of a
sphere='" J 1

Bottom portion of top

circular dome ••. 1 '7TX(•::!,.0)2 apx. ·011 .ne
3,66=3'26+2 X '20

9.
' Top portion of roof...
12mm Cement plaster
(1:4)
Vertical sides of tank
I 1r/4 X f40 1ll

1T X (4"36)
·08

2·28
~)

31 ·23
-r:r;--
cum
4·36==4.10+2x ·13 t
3·96-4·10+2x
Bottom of tank 1 '"X (3•96) 1 12'32 •13-2 X'40
-4-- Roof is a spherical
Top of roof slab 1 !.. x (4·36 )2 4+ ('68) 2 16'38 scamcnt
4
Dome lower slanting 1 ?TX •44 x·20 0·2s ·44=-H·40+·20)
Dome upper circular 1 1r/4x (•60 )Y- 0·28 +2x·07
Si4os of beams ••. 2x2 3·2S ·28 3·64
DedllCtleD forManhol~ 1 '7T/ 4 X ('53) 11
•do-top portion of roof 1 ff (:40)
- 0·22 (•ve)
Deduction of bott•
0·13 (•vel
om portion ohop
4X -163·78 ,circular dome is
sq m negligible

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J
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WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 277

11tem
No.
Description INol L. I B.
m.m.
H. I Qu. ITotal I
Explanatory
notes
10. 20mm thick cement pla&• 3'84=4'1-l
termi (1:2> with water X' Li
proofing compound : -
Floor of slab (cxcludin& (384)
_4___ 2
baunchings) ... 1 'ITX 11'58 small inclina.
tion neglected
Vertical sides ... 1 'ITX 410x 215 27·70

Haunchings ... 1 'ITX 397 >< ./( 0P+t13>: -2·29

4lT7'"
397-410-13

ww
11. 45cm wide M. S. ladder
consisting of 2 nos. ot·
40mmx 12mm thick fiat
sq m

w.E
bar straigers and 20mm
dia. rungs and angle
iron stays includmg
painting inside and
outside asy
1 14 14 14 rm

12. Copper floot, bran aaide

En
paUeys with deep Jlnlove
etc. painting complete ... 1
gin l set
13. S3 cm dia. C. I. M. H
cover witb frame l eer 1 no.
u. 7 cm x 5 cm pl&HD boles ing
covered with mosquito
proof wire netting 8 8 nos.
.ne
15. (a) 100mm dia. C. I.
pipes with valves &.
specials for delivery .•. 1
t
(b) SO mm dia. C. I. 8 Sm
Pipes with vahcs &
specials for inlet 1 8 Sm
(c) 50mm C. I. pipes
with valves & specials
for bye-pass 1 60 60 cm 60cm
I
cm
(d) 100 mm dia. C. I.
pipes with valves &
specials for bye-pass ... 1 60 cm 60 cm
16. Colffr wuhlq two
coats over two coats of
white washing 1 same as item no. 9=
--
63·78 63'78 sq m

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c.o> llMIU 1NV, \..V:» lLNU AN U .>.t"J:.l.:tr 1\,.:All~N

6-8. Ettllllat• or sarfaee dralal-Fig. 6·6 to 6·9 are the cross sections of dift'.erent
tVpe• of surface drains. Estimate the cost of construction for such dra}ns for a ,Je~gth of
3 metres each and findout the rates per metre. Weak cement concrete (8:4:l) sfiall be
with overburnt brick ballast and cement concrete (4:2:l) shalt be of stone chips, Asau.rne
your QWn rates
FIG. 6•6 FIG. 6-7

f2. CEM-PLASTl:ll
(.4! I)
6.WOltk.. IN
Cli:MMORTAR
<.4:1) ·
c.. c.owc..
(4:2.:1) •

PLASTER.
(.t:1)
W, C, C,- ww
11 TH, CE M_._f,,,..-'-...,-"
...~..,~,r;1,:1111-=...a....;~

(8: 4: 1)
w.E '02.4
f\LL DIMENSIONS ARE IN
·1
mm.

T ·-· asy""
~~------305 ·

En
gin
STONE SLAB
.c.c .(8;4: 1) eer ICK
R,I(.

°'"·
F'I G. 6-8
16
ing
FIG. 6-9

ltemj D~scription B. H. IQu. j Total I Rs.RateP. .IneAmoJnt

N->

J.
Type-1 Fig. (6-6) I
Earthwork in excavation, ... 3 00 524
mm
--- mm

390 ·38 ·38 cu ml320%cu m

R11.

1·22
P
t
2. Cco:.ent concrete (8:4:l) ... ,3·oe, S24 90 ·14 ·14 cum 300 cum 42'00

3. Ccmo:tt concrete (4:2:1) ... J·00 324 150 ·ts

Less ... 3·00 :!:.. (156) 2
8
- - ·03 (•ve)
O·l2cu m 42S cum Sl O:>
4. 10~m thick brickwork io
cement mor111r (4:1) ... 2 x 3
- 300 l ·80 l ·S0sq m 32 sq m 57·60
,, t,

S. 12mm thick cement · - l"4 I t ·4tsq ~ 9·00 sq m

l 2,r X 150 12 69
p aster (2: l) circul11r 3·00 :' ' l ~
2
6. 12tnco thkk cement ,'

I plaster (4:1 J remainina

. :0.>r~ion .. ... 2 x 3 350 o~q m 6·80 19--m.
'.;;,;. · .2·10/i·1·
-· - - - 14'2! ,;-
,. ,

" " .:·-1;. ' ,. ''flt -· -- - -- --

.. .· • h,i ,'\' 171.4•79
• .· --~ • per metre - Rs, --r--Rs. 59"60

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WATER SUPPLY ANO SANITARY WORKS 279

tem
_~l_, Descr,puon
._, _______________L.
m__
I !~_. _.
H. Qu. Total I K.t·c 1unuu1a
m_m_1 _ _ _ _ [_R_~._P_. _R_s_._P_
. Type-2 (Fig. 6-7 J
1. Earthwork in excavation 3·00 ;(700 386 ·54 ·54cu ml320%c um l ·73
+l30)
2. Cement concrete (8:4:1) 3 00 230 76 ·os ·o5cu m 300 cu m 1s·oo
3. Ceme11t concrete (4:2:1) 3•00 \ x230 62 ·02
Less the portion or sector 3·00 'ITX (56)' >< !20• ·01 f.ve)
3<,u• 011:u m 425 cum 4"25
4. 10cm thick brickwork in
cement m,,rtar (4:l) ••. 2x 3 00 200 1·21·2sq m 32 sqm 38"40

5. 12mm thick cemcot plaster(2: I)... 3·00 211' x 50 ,c l20° ·31 ·3lsq m 9·00sq m 2·79
31>0" 1
6. 12mm thick cement plaster (4:1) 2x )•OO 300 1·80 I·8sq m6·80sq m 12·24

ww
7.

--
Flush pointing with cement
mortar (2: I) ... 2 x 23"00 200 -
1·2011 ·20som ,·R011<1 m 4·56

w.E
Typc-J (Fig. 6-8)
I
Fur 3m Total = Rs. 78·97
.•. CJst per metre """'58·96/3 - R~. 26"32

l
asy l·s4 cuml320%
1
1. Earthwork in excavation 3·oo 1/2(100 j2so •23 2·69
+481) cum
2 Cement concrete l,8:4:1)
(coosiderrng whole ht)
En
3·00 HtOO
481)
+ 280 '94

..
Less 3·00
3·00 ; x76x gin
xP81 x 150
76
·09 (-ve)
·OI ·23 cum 3001:um 6~·00
3. Stone slab set in cement m.Hla·r·· ! JJ6l)ll'· 30)1 2 eer 58 l ·SSsqm 15 sqrn 23·70
(2:l) ./ 3'00 J t:,(IJ'xl JOO 2
.....1....::..::.::....:..:~~~..:.;;.;;~---....r...----
F or 3m ing Total .. R:.. 95· 39
=
.ne
.·• C'.'lst per Metre Rs. 3l"ls0

Typ~-4 ( Fig. 6-9) 576 2·37

l.

2.
Earthwork in excavation top
porti..1n
-do- -do-bottom
Cement concrete (8 :4: l l ( con-
1370
710
280 ·60
-ru--
cum
320%cu m
t
9·50
sidering portion included is
equal to the p.Jrtion cx..:luded)
{a) bottom portion 3·00 710 80 ·11
28C •Jl ,
(b) sides
(c) below brick walls
· 2x3 00
2x 3 oo
130
330
-
76 1s
- - ·43cum 300c um 129"01
I
3. 10cm thick brickwork in cement
Jno.rtar(4:I) ... 2x3·0o 332 1·99 l •99sqm 32sqml 63·68
4. 20cm thick brickwork in cement
mortar (4:1) ... 23x ·oo 200 500 26·4 ·60 280c:u :m 168·00

s. ,P.tu,h pointing with cement 2x J·oo -332 - l 99 199sqm300 sqlm 7 56

(2:1) inclind~ '
12m:m thick cement '&,last.tr (4:l) _ . t ·8 I ·Raqm 6·80sQL 12·24
1'..0mat~in&, · _ . 2 x 3 00 300.
For 3m Toial - lb, 389•98
. Cost /rm - ks, 129 99 Say R,._ UE>·OO

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280 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

6-9. 1.ttl■ate of ..,tic tuk-Fig. 6-10 shows the plan and sectional elnatlon of
a house hold septic tank for lQ..users. Prepare an estimated cost to construct such a tank
adopting any local rate. (The sewer line, latrine are not to be included)
Tr1dldo11l size for Home bold Septic Tut,

I No of
us;ra L
m
s,ze of rank
B
m
H
m
Cubical
content
cum
-ro- T-08 ooO ~ 5 ""-T"o~
20 2·30 0'60 J·30 1"79
3D
✓so
100
2·80
I4·3o
3'4o I 1s I
0'60
0·10
o
1 40
1·60
1·9s -~
2·35
n1 1

ww H Liquid depth.
FIG. 6·10

w.E
asy
En
gin 45
COVE~
cmcp MAHIIOL~ ,;;:IOCffl TII,
.'\: R..C.C.SLAS,
.J.--.........·.-,·:.~·;...-

eer ,oc.n,,.,o,m
Vl&MT 1101.&

ing
.ne
2· 2sm
t
SE.CTION ON A-B
·-·-·----.1..-..
~~"0-- -·--
.. ~'7- e
\ ~ • .A
---
-----.,,-
IQ /
·····
a.:-
t~
.,

~-~ -=~~
4$c.fl\Dlit. ,MAM•
HOl.11 COVIii. PLAN
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WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 281

'
ltcl1l Description No. L. B. H. QU. Total Explanatory

-No.

1.
-
Eartlawerk la ezcavadot1
- · - - -
m m m
--
.
- notes
-----~·
1'98 ... ·45+

......
1'3+·23
(a) Septic tank 1 3•1s 1•50 1·98 9·36 0·38=·45+·1 0
o·ss
,.....
o·so 0·18
\b) Inspection pit 1 0·38
- - - - - - 9'54 cum +·s-·10-1 5

2. w.c.c. (1:3:6) ID
tlOD
(a) Septic tank ...... 1 3'15 l·S0 0 23 1•09
(b) 1nspcction pit

Finl class brickwork iD

I
- -
0"63 0·S0 0·10
- - -- o·os 63='45+·10 +
1·14 cum ·08
3.

ww
cement mortar \1:4)
(a) for 30cm walls - 2·6S outer to
Long walls
w.E
Short walls ...... 2
2
2·6S
·60
·30
·30
1·2
1·2
1·91
0"43
outer .
L·2-1·3-·l0

{b) for 20cm walls-

Long walls
Short walls a...sy - - - - - - - -
... 2
2
2"45
·60
·20
·20
·ss
•55
0·S4
0·13
2•4s-2·2s+
.zx·lO
,. 20mm thick cement plaster En 3·01 cum
(1 :2) on floor
(inside only)
and walls
... gin
(a} ftoors
eer
l
I
1 ·40
·1s
' 60
'60
·84
•45
(b) Walls ... --
-
2
2 ing
1·40
·75
1·1s
1·75
4"90
2·63

Inspection
-pit
...
4 ·60 1·1s 4•20
.ne
s.
(a) floor
(b) walls

10cm tlakk brickwork la

... 4
I '46 •45
--- --- - -
·45
-•45
- ·s
·20
1
l4'03sqm
t
• - • mertar (1:4)
(a) partition walls
(b) 1nspection pit ...... 1
2
·60
·ss
- 1·75
- 1·os
•45 o·so
1 •45
--- --
·45 --0·20
- ·---
,. th■ tldck R..C C. llab (1:J:4
l"75 sqm

(a) Inspection pit

(b) Septic tank
Lea, Manhole covers
......... 1
1
·ss
2'6S
·6S
1'00
·10
·JO
0·036
0'265 The area occu
3 nx (!S)a ·10
-0'048 (-ve) pied byasingl 0
0·2s cum M.H. is more
than O·t s9m
36
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282 ESTIMATING. COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

Item Description L. ' B. H. INo Qu. Total Explanatory

-Nn.
-- - - - - - - - -·-·
"I. 45ca 4la. C. I M. II. coYer with
- - -·- --- no1es

frame. ... 3 @S6 kg each 1681cg 168kg

8. Step lroa built in wall ... 2)(5 @i:5 kg each 25kg 25kg

9. Learia1 10cm x 10 cm Tent bole In

wall. ... 1 - - - !No. lNo.

10. LeaY11110cm x 10cm bolH in par-

lww - - -
tit,on wall plai.ter complete .. 4 4Nos. 4Nos.

11. Sapplyi■I and bulldi111 10cm x lOcrr

X60cu S.W. J■aclio■ .., 2 - - - 2Nos. 2Nos.
U. Cbar1ln1 septic tank with
water full.
w.E ... - - - - 1 Item l Item

tc m hems asy Abttrtct of Estimated cost

Quan Rate
tity, Unit . Rs. p
Unit of Amount
"'o
·1. t:.anhwork in excavation
En .. 951 ~um 32·0
Rate
1/o cu m
R,;. p.
30'43
2

.
W.C.C,(l:3:6)with brick ballast in foundation
gin 1·14 cum ~2s·oo cu m 370·50
3

4.
First class brickwork in cement mortar(l:4J
eer
3·01 cum 290•00 cum 872"90
20mm thick cement plaster(l:2)finished with
neat cement including rounding corners ... 14·03 ,q m 10·00
ing sqm 140·30
s 10cm thick brickwork ( I:4)in partition wall ••• · 1'75 sq m 32•00 sq m
.ne S6·0O
6

7 .
R.C.C.work (1:2:4 with stone chips
includina 1% rtinforccment .& shuttering ...
Supplying 45cm dia. (Hole) C J.M H.
0·2s cum 600 cum
I t
lSO·oo

cover with frame weight 56 kg. each ... 168 kg 3•50 kg 588·00
g . C.I. step iron built in wall each wt. 2·Skg,_ 25 kg 5'20 kg 130·00
9 . Leaving 10cm x 10cm vent whole in wall ... 1 No 1'00 Bach 1·00

I
lo l,eaving lOcmx 10cm holes in partition wall ... 4 Nos l·OO Each , 4'00
l. Supplying and building 10cm x 10cm x60cm
S. W. junction 2 Nos 30'001 . Each 60·00
t2
·"
. Cbar1in1 SCJ?li.c tank with water faH ... 1 Item JO•OO EacJa $0·00
Total• :R.s. 243a·13
Add S% for contingency• R1. · 121·66
Add 2 10/nfor W.C.- ·lt. , 68•83
Grand Toial•.A1. 2,6i3~62

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WATER SUPPLY AND; SANITARY WORKS 283

6•9. Be1f eo d11l1■ a Nue held 1tptle taat-Tbe following procedure 1bould be followed
to design a bouso•hold septic tank.
(1) Multiply the designed population by the supply of water per head per day.
(2) Find out the average ftow per hour .... flow ::r day titres/hour = flo; ~e:ei~~v
cum/hour. (Note: 1000 litres = 1 cum for practical purposes)
(3) Assumii,g the pellk rate b~ing 3 times the average flow per hour, peak vol. -
3 x av. hourly flow. When water consumption is not known tbeo acc.ording to the
Indian Standard institute allow the flow of liquid wastes from bu1lcl inss at the rate
of one cf t. or 0·03m 3 per minute for 100 persons based on a water cousumption of
30 gallons or 140 litres per bead per day. This is the peak rate and not to be
multiplied by 3. .,

ww
(4) Considering the size of particles to be removed from the liquid waste consider
the detention period ot· 2~ hours and find the volume for this period.

w.E
(5) The design of a septic tank now•a•days based on the following fact&-(a) The top
part of th«- liquid depth in a tank acts as a sedimentation tank and is usually
considered 30cm, (b) The middle portion of the liquid depth acts as a digesting

asy
tank (c) The bottom portion acts as for storage of dtgcsttd sludge, (d) at top of the
liquid in the tank an air space of 30cm depth is to be provided.
(6) The following assumptions may be adopted considering the amount of total
En
solid in the slud~e- (a) Vol. of liquid sludge = 0'83l cum per 1000 persons per
day, and (b) Vol. of digested sludge = 0'205 cum per 1000 persons per day .
gin
••. Capacity of digesting tank == 0·831 -!2- 0·205 xper11ons x 60.
1000
eer
60 days being digesting period. The average of frcsl-t and digested sludge bas been
taken due to the fact that the diiesting portion of a uink is a combination of the two.
(7) For sludge storage volume, multiply ( 0 ;i~~ ing
x persool!i) by the da~s after
which the tank is to be cleaned.
.ne
(8) Considering that a part of water con~umption per capita will be ucludrd from
the tank and that the installation may be partly used the capacity of liquid and
sludge should be taken as half of the total volume obtained from the 1mmatior,
of columns nc,. (4), (6) and (7) and thus find the vol. of the tank excluding the air,
t
spa~ For IO user septic tank 75% of the total vol. &hould be taken considering its
minimum oap1city.
(9) The depth of liquid and sludge should be taken as 90 cm minimum and
2•1 m maximum. 90cm should be taken •for 10 users and thi9 depth may be
increased by 8cm to 10 cm for an increment of 10 persons. The width of a septic
tank should be taktn as 60 cm upto 30-users. A maximum width upto t ·8m
should be restricted to increase the length of travel of the sewage. Length of a
septic tank should be 3 to 6 times the width. For more than 200 users it is
preferable to make more than one tank: in parallel units. ,
(10) As a ,,recaution against possible disturbance of the scum a vertical portion
wall (also called a "baffle) should be provided at a distance 80c;m from the
inlet pipe. In long tank a second baffle wall is sometimes provided at a distance
60.om from cbe outlet end and within few centimetres below the surface of liquid in
the tank.

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284 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

To d11lgrt a 11p1 le tonk aceordtn1 to the main a11r,mptlon1 of lndlflll SttllUlard
(IS 2#10-1963) tb.followln1modlficatit1n11ho11ld b1 mad, In the d1llgn: .
( l) Peak discharge in litres per minute per capita should be as follow• :-
(a) Dom,stic purpo,e1 :-1·8 for 5 or 10 users and 1·20 for 15 or 50 users aod 1·3S
for 20 users.
R,aidential Howi•g Colonl11 :-2·16 for any number of users.
Ho1t1ls and Boarding School,:- 1·3 for 100,200 or 300 users and 1'7 for 150 users.
(2) Detention period may be considered as 30 minutes.
(3) Capacity required for sludge diaestion-=3·3 cu m per 100 persons at 2s•c.
(4) Capacity required for storage of digested sludge = 7"76 cum per 100 persons

ww per year.
(5) Minimum width of tank = 75 cm.

w.E
Capacltlet and Slzet of Septic Tuk1 accordln1 to tbe I. S. Recommeadatlou :-
(a) For Domestic parpoHI :-

No. of Length asy

Breadth
Liquid Depth •D•
for sludsc removal
interval of
Liquid capacity
for sludge removal
interval of
users
m m En
1 year
m
\ 2 years
m
1 year
cum
j 2 years
cum

10
.s1·.so
2·00
0·1s
o·9o
1·00
1·00 gin·os1
1·40
1·12
I ·80
1·18
2"52
15
20
2·00
2•30
0·90
1·10
1·30
1•30
_J__o____4_·0_0_ _ _1_·4_o_ _ _1•_30 eer
2·00
1·so
2·34
3•30
3'60
4·ss
(b) F'or Hoa1ln1 Colonlet :-
2·00
ing
_];].i 11·20

100 I
1so I 10 60
8·00 2"60
2·10
l·oo
1·00
1·04
1-15
22'40
28"60
23· .i2
32·90 .ne
200
300
I
12'40
14'60
3·70
3·90
I·OO
1·00
(e) ,., Hottel ... Boahll•a Sclaool1 :-
1-15
t • ts
33·40
S6·90
44·20
64'90 t
3o s oo \ 1·60 -,.--,1~-3~--r--"':"1.,·o~...,..--,1"!!"0•~4=----1~1-~20-
100 S·70 2·10 1·40 1·10 16·80 20·40
150
200
7•70
8·90
10·10
1 2"70
2•40
3,30
1·40
I • 1•40
1·40
1·10
I 1'70
25·80
33·60
1·10 ·
I 31·90
41·00
49·so
I so·oo
1-10, Eadaate el • 50 asen Sepdc tuk for Hostels a■d Boardlq Sdloell acea■•
pUJ111 whll u -,ect11■ Cbamber ud • Sad pit.
(Th, l1ngth, brtadt h ond d,pth of the tollk ar, ,am, occord,ng to 1/te mom·
rntrtlllllon of I.S.I.)
ti-repare a d:tailed estimate of a Septic tank aceompanying with an inapection
chambor and a 1oak pit from the aivcn plan. 1eotioo and 1enoral spccifi"tion or work• ••
given below.

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 A.C..COWL

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JHA.A!llt/U &AUA.n C::S•': "a•A~a,
-.,~""of!<> o
LONG SECTION OF SEPTIC TANK ON A-A GR QUAIi.RY - U
<I -, ~ qa" e t
::0

'24 0o oo 11•:,t,•:

a
~ en
.,,.,,
• )!l,a ...~;
IIIUtR -1111 111 I> O ~ '<I q c::

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C.M.1:1 • q 0 C7 '>,

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SECTION OF SOAK PIT ON A·A

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l119ptedo■ Cfiamhr: ---------------- -- ·----------·• PUN OF SOI.K PlT

t---------6tO-------.-.i
n

PLAN OF' SEPTIC TANK

g

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN CM FIG. 6-11 SCALE I: 15

General Specljicatlon :-(1) Cement concrete in foundation 1:3:6; {2) Brickwork in
.n

cement mortar for (a) Septic tank and chamber 1:4 (b) Soak pit top solid portion and
honey c.>mb work of 2nd class brick in cement mortar 1:6, (3) Cement plaster for inside
of Inspection chamber and septic tank 20mm thick 1:3 mixed with water proofing com• ~
e

U'I
pound, (4) R.C.C. works 1:2:4 with stone chips.
t
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286 ESTIMATING, COSTING AND SPBCIFICATION

Jtem
No.
1.
Description

lardnrork la uca,atloa for

No. L.
m. ____
I
B.
m.
H.
m
Qu, Tota.I
,___
BxplJDatory
notes

(a) Spetic tank

tb) Inspection chamber ......... I
1
6·20 2·70 2'00
t-30 1'30 ·30
33·48
O·Sl
(c) Soak pit l 'lr/4(2' 40) 2 x 4·00 1s·10
- - s2m,
2. CeMat coacrtte In fo11nda• cum
·ti•• {1:3:6)
(a) Septic tank-
Foundation floor
Inside sloping floor D/S ...
... 1
1 6·20
3"40
2·70 ·20 3·35
1'60 ·07Sav 0·41
01s-,c·o2+
. 13}
,, .,U/S ... 1 1·70 t·60 ·0Sav. 0·14
... -
3
ww
(b) l111pection chamber

Plrat cla11 brlekwod la

l 1·30 1'30 '15 0•25
4·15
cum

(a) Scpti~ tank

Long walls-
w.E
cement mortar (1:4)

......
1st footing40cm
2nd footing 30cm asy s·so
...
2
2
2
5·90
5•70
·40
·30
·20
·60
·60
2·s3
2·05
1'3.?
5·90=6·20-2x
•15 s·10-5•90
-2x ·10
3rd footing 20cm
Short walls.-
1st footing 40cm
......
En 2 1·60 '40
'60

·60 0·11
2nd footing 30cm
3rd footing 20cm ... g 2
2
1·60
1·60 ·20
·60
in·soe - --
'30
'60
0"58
0·38

(b) Inspection chamber ... 4 ·80 ·20

eri 0 '3 · 8'25
cum ·so-·60+2x -~;·
. 2at1 eta• brickwork lo
Icement mortar :6) ng
.n
(l
Soak pit solid top part ... 1 71'X 2'20 ·20 ·90 4·42 4 42 2·20 is the mean
cum dia.
5 20cm dalck bllllJ' comb
kiollwork in cement mortar
(l:6) Soak pit ... 1 '1X 2·20 - 3·10 21·43 21•43 Honey comb
et
sq m portion is not
. 10cm thick brlckwerk
Baffle wall in cement •• I to be deducted

mortar (h3) ... 1 1'60 - 140 2·24 2.24

IQ m
1°40-1·38+·02

7• ac.c. ,mk (t :2:4) ioclu-

ding reinforcement and

l
&buttering
(a) Septic tank- ·
Roof slab ... 1 ,-so 21)0 '1O 1·100.
·so o·oso
llafl'le wall
~b) Inspection chamber ...
Off l
l
1"60
1·00
·10
1·00 ·10 ·0'100.
c.o. 1·210,
cu,m
' ' - - - -- . _ , ......... ·- • J, - •

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WATBR SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 287

1tern Description No. L B. H. Qu. Total !Explanatory no1es

No, _, m m m
-- ~ B:-P~ - 1"280
(c) Soak pit-
Roof slab .
.,
1r/4(2' :4)1 X ·10 0"452 10cm bearing
Supporting slab 2·20 ·12 ·OS 0·021 considered
Dechactlon for Manhole covers! 'IT/4(·416)2X ·10 0'066 (.ive) Area per opening
l '()87 is more than 0· l
8. 20m■ ••lck cemeat plaster cum sqm each, there•
(1:2) \\'Ith water proofing fore these are to
ta) Septic tank inside- be deducted
s·oo 1'80 18 00
ww Long walls
Short walls
·-
Sides of baffle wall •••
1·60
1"60
1'80 s·16
t·SS 5·06

w.E ...
Top of Jt ,,
(b) Inspection chamber ...
160
·60
·10 0•16
50 1·20 No plastering on

9. asy
Laylna 100mm dfa. S.W.
30' 18 12nd baffle wall of
sq m R. C is considered

E
pipe embedded in cement
concrete (1:4:8) w1tb a
slope of 1:40 from-
...... ng 2·30
l. chamber to S. tank
S. tank to soak pit
2·30
5"60
ine 5·60
7•90
10.,
Sopplyln1, flttl11 and ftllnal
eri rm
46cm dia. CI. M.H. cover
with frame each 56kg i@ 56 kg each
ng
224 [224kg

11. 100mm x 100mm x 60cm .ne

12.
dla. S. W. Tee supplic:d
and fix.ed
Brick ballast or burnt
'2 nos.
t
clinker 6mm gauge 1r/4(2 [0) 9 ·60 1'89 1"89
cum
Brick bats or Quarry spalls' 'IT/4(2'~)lZX 2"80 8"80 8'80
13. cum
14, Supplying and fitting fixina
80mm dia. A.C. veotiJauon
pipe ... 2·CO 2·00 2·00
rm,
15. Supplying fittior, fixing
A. C. ventilating cowl over
801;11m dia. A. C. pipe ... l No.

16. Step itoo of 16mm dia.

bar built in wall ... · 12x41 8 18 Nos .

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288 ESTIMATING; COSTING AND $PECIFICATION

ABSTRACT OP ESTIMATED COST.

ltem
No
Description of item
. )-;:::,-,,----,--,------,-------- -
~uan. Unit I Unit
Rateof
Rs. P. rate
Amount
1----,--
Rs. P.
.1. Earthwork in excavation 52·09 cum320·00 o/oCUm 166'69

2. Cement concrete (1:3:6) in foundation with

brick ball,st 4· 15 cum 32S·OO cum 1,348·1s
3. First class brickwork in cement mortar (l:4) 8·25 cum 290·00 cum 2,392'50
4. Second class brickwork in cement mortar
(1 :6) ... 4'42 cu m 260·00 cu m 1,149·20
S.
ww
20cm thick honeycomb
cement mortar (1:6)
brickwork in
21 ·43 sq m 32·00 sq m 685"76
6.
(1:3) w.E
10cm thick brickwork in cement mortar
••• 2·24 sq m 35·00 sq m 78"40
7.
asy
R.C.C. work (1:2:4) with stone chips
including reinforcement and sh uttering ••• 1"687 cu m 600·oo cu m 1,012·20
8, 20mm thick En
cement plaster (1:3) with
water proofing compound
gin
30·18 sq m 9·25 sq m 279'17
9. Supplying and laying 100mm dia S. W.
pipe in cement joint (1:3) embedded in
cement concrete (1:4:8) including excava• eer
tion of earth upto t ·SO metre aepth 7·90 rm 28'00
ing rm 221 ·20
11), Supplying and fitting fixing weight 56kg
cacti' C.I.M.H. cover with frame ... 224 kg 3•50 kg .ne 854'00
11. 100mm x 100mm x 60cm S. W. Tee
supplied and fiited 2 nos, 30·00 Bach t
6000
12. Brick ballast or burnt clinker 6mm 1auge... 1·89 cum 42·00 cum 79·38
1 J. Brick bats or Quarry spalls 8·80 cum 38·00 cum 334•40
l4. Supplyina fitting, fixing 80mm dia. A.C.
ventilation pipe ... 2·00 rm so·oo rm 100'00
l S. Supplying, fiitting, fixina A.C. cowl 1 no. 6"25 Each 6·2S
16. Steo iron 16mm dia. bars built in waJJ ... 8 nos. 6·0o Bach 48 00
Total - Rs. 7,-803·70
Add 5% for contingency - Rs. 390·19
=
Add 2~ for W. C. .Rs. 195•J0

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✓
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 289
TOP OP' CMHk '#ALI. ff
6•11. Yard Gally :-
This is a chamber built
of mlsonry round a
gully trap for housing
the same and is provi-
ded with a cast iron
grating on top of it
(shown in fig. 6-12) as a
cover and to prevent

ww
the entry of solid
matter. Yard Gully is

w.E
provided in a house
drainage system with a
water seal 6 to 7·5 cl!l
and fixed in a suitable
position of the Yard asy
of a house to collect
En
waste water from the scullery, kitchen, sink, wash basins, rain water pipes, surface water
gin
from paved yards etc. The primary object of a yeard gully is to disconnect the sullage

eer
drain from the main drainage system and is an essential part of a house drainage. The
size of the gu~y trap is generally 2 3 cm x 15 cm with C. I. grating 23 cm square mouthed
entry side. The smaller size being 15cm x 15cm with 15cm grating.
ing
Schedale of Item :-Supplying, fitting and fixing 23cm x 15cm yard gully with
approved H. C. I. gratting complete as per drawing and direction.
A.naly1ls for the cost of construction of yard gully portion onJy. .ne
st. no. Description of item Quantity Unit Rate Amount
Rs. P. Ra. P.
t
1. Earthwork in excavation •475 x •475 x ·aoo
-0·18 cum 3'20 0·51
2. Sia,le brick flat IC>ling '475 X '47.5-0·23 aqm 20'00 4'60
3. Cement conc:ret.e with overeurnt
1,ric;k t.l1aat (1- : 3 : 6) (''75 X '475 )( '475)
-('22.5 X '225 X •375 J
-{.../4X('150) 1 }X '150
·•0·08 cum. . S!J0-00 ee·oe
4, Ceat ef :,ud ,ully Z!cm x
l!em.with K, C. I. ,nda,t ... ·1 Ne. !()•00 S0'flO
.T-1 - a,. "'11 .

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ESTIMATING, COSTING, AND SPECIFICATION

--- l'RtSM A.n, INUIT VAa.n
_ - --'- 100~ C,\. PIPE
•HO' 01, COYIA(SOU-)
----(~ ate.)OENINT coucaaa •~c"'•

~ - - - - CLIANI.... IYI LtD ~1,0IID

WITM CIMDIT t401D'Sa(1:a)

-lr-~
w ,-;, .
-+.....,~
IOOTHICIC OIMl.fff Atea wo•" (1:~
CUIINT PL.MITIR(IITN"4.) ti4 Wl'!M

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-; NCA'T CSMENT fltlllM
-,,,. . ;"!':4--
,• _.~:-:~~:~-....-48TOM£ WA.RI M~TERTAP PACKINII

✓
.Ea ~•TM CEMliNT CONCRETE (1 !ata)
WITH OVER aURNTtBRICIC lllU.UT

JCIEMENT CONCRETE
syE -cl - ' J + _, .&URNT BRIC,t

tooT'Mlelc
WITH OVER
&Al.~T(t:1-:S)
a,uc1e aeuN• 1

ng
-- - -· _ .1_ __ -
t0 •••• ·· ·· ,so · ~ aoo·,o
.J
6ECTICN-A.A.
ine
e rin
g.n
Fig. 6-13
PLAN AN.DJ SECTION OF
A MAST ER TRAP
et

, aoo

. f !,{,:- · PLAN .. :- . ,, ..
'·: :.; :i.'13,: _,~ er·'frfp ~ --lntercepth11 Trap or lnw~epter Mqhoh,° o, -latei-~ptor Ch11mlter;
~ls' is a iquare manho}e "i~corpor~tint an interciepting trap, ~i:l providlna ,nuns of aec:aa

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WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS 291

thereto and equiped with a. fresh air inlet on the upstream side of the trap.
The trap disconnects the house drain · from the street sewer and is installed in a
chamber with Manhole cover at top in between the lower end of the house drain and the
atreet aewer. It ha1 a deeper seal about 10cm than an ordinary trap with •m opening at the
top of the trap known as cleaning eye as shown in £g. 6-13. Fresh air inlet pipe of lOOcnm
diameter is connected with this chamber and about 3m high above the ground level fixed
vertically with a wall. A mica flap valve which opens iQwards only is fitted at the top of
the inlet pipe with an enlarged square bead. Fia. 6-13 shows the details of plan and section
. of a master trap.
ScWale of Item :-Supplying, fitting and fixing and Joining 15cm S. W. Mailer Trap
Including co,utructlon of Chamber 60cm x 75cm in,ide and 50kg C. I. co,er 01 per drawing
upto J·S m1tr1 depth. Analysis of cost
Sl. no.
ww Description of item Quantity Unit Rate
ks. P.
Amount
Rs. r.

w.E
1. Earthwork in excavation
in foundation trenches
1·17 x 1'02 x 1·275
-1·52 cum 3·20

__ ____________
a _
2. Single brick flal soling 1·17 X 1'02
with overburnt brick
;,_:____,;.

3. Cement concrete with over·

burnt brick ballast ( l : 3 : 6)
syE -= l' 19
1·17 x 1'02 x ·075 (Ba~el +
'150 X '600 Xt( 470+·560)
sq m 2000 238J

ng
(i.e. packin,g neglectina vol.
of trap)+

ine
(1•15xl·OO) x ·10 Ineglect
M. H. cover) = 0'44 cum 3SO·OO 154'00
4. 1st class brickwork with
cement mortar (1 : 4)
2 x 1'15 x ·.:?Ox ·90+
eri
2 x ·60 x ·20 x ·90-0·63 cu m 300·00 189·00
5. R. C. C. slab (1: 2: 4) with 1'15 x l·OO X '10 (neglect
ng
stone chips
6. M. S. reinforcement with
M. H . cover) =0'12
(0 12 x O·Ol) x 75·5
cum
- -----------425"00
.ne
Sl·OO

1% vol. of cone.)
7. Hire and labour charges for
shuttering _ _ _ _
-0 094 quin quin
1·15 x 100+2tl·l5+l·O) x ·01
-1·51:J sq m
550•00

16·00
51'70

25'28
t
8. 12 m~thi~ cement plaster (1:4) 2(0"600 + 0·750) x oo·400
_ _ _1·00
wich neat cement fin.ishina___ .. ·•-·-· ___ _ . _____ -_1_·_8_ _s_,q~m _____ 7·56
_
9. Supplying, fitting and mm,
15 cm Mute~ trap _ _ ,1 No. so·oo ·eo·oo
-10.· Fittint and fisint 10 cm -~ia. C.. I.
· · Soil pipe iDdudint supplyiDa bend·
.... and neces11ry Ji~ arranffment_________. _l_.-_._ _. m __._.·..so
_ _ _ _10_00 ......~.....·
· 11, Supplyina, fit.tina and fixing ·· ·
-L • :_,_
_...,;.·_;,·..:•:::c#::.:e:.:::~=-m= a1 .- -·-:-:------- .. .. 1 _. .· - No. ·
• ·~~=t_v.;._ve.--: 15·00 •··· 15·00
12, Suppl,iD&, i t ~ and fi~ ~:cm
at.., .C, 1,. ~D~
. ,-· - ,; :..: .•.; ,
" ' ' ~ ... ..,.. COffl Wltb ~q _
,, . . ,, - ·- -
50 ' ~.-.• :. -~. 5 5·,5(): .17,,90;
·.. .. ~ ii"~ . . , s&a..:.iW"ID.

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,,

ww
w.E JECTION Pti..A

asy
En
gin
eer
~ +-H- .
:t•
ing
·••• •oo aoou -
.ne
. . ,.o. ·
\ '.' PL._N.ll-BB .'.
1·11. 6-14
hlpectloa pit or Cnmber :-This is a miniature form of manhole provided
t
ina,howle diainage system in order to open out the house drain,e pipes and to inspect the
·tonditio"b of !ow, cleaning obstructions in the drain, and for providing branch connecti®'
•with tbe·main line of the house drain. This is also proYided at .fl'lttY change of direction
\:l:.1
·;.~" « ,indieat ~ -every ~ metres intervals or at the point where the vertical aoit pipe joma
1

)iii. ithe 'bou,e drain, , . . .

· : i ,. -The ,._,round ~pth of the house drain and the number of · bnnch ~ -
. ue the dlcidiaa factors for the size of a chamber. Gtnertlly-t&einside:di~-:of the .
.. . . ,, 6t;11m wJde x 15c:m lenlth x 7.5cm daptla. Tbl ......~ ttit . • • " -~
.u, IMtd ti, IQ • fol' ....., utlitiollll colUIKtlon. • · ·

Iii,

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