If you had bread for breakfast today, a slice of toast, or perhaps a croissant, you are certainly

not alone. 1.__________________

No matter where you travel, you will probably find a culture that has its own type of bread.
The story of bread goes back a long way – in fact, about 10,000 years. 2._________________
However, they discovered that they could use rocks to crush the hard grains from some plants,
which we know today as wheat, to make a rough powder, or flour. They mixed the flour with
water, put the mixture on flat stones and waited for the bread to bake.
These first breads were hard and flat and they probably didn't taste very nice, but gradually, the
recipe for bread improved. The ancient Egyptians, for example, discovered how to make
fermented dough: they added ingredients to make the mixture rise, so that it became lighter and
tasted better. 3._________________
In the same way, different cultures developed their own recipes, using local ingredients and
suiting it to their traditions.
The technology for baking bread also improved. The first ovens were made of clay and a wood
fire burned inside them. 4._______________
By the time the oven had cooled, the bread was baked. At first, bread was made in people's
homes. Then, in the Middle Ages, people started to take their bread mixtures to local bakeries
to be baked. These bakeries had large brick ovens which were heated by wood or coal. Today,
of course, most of the world's bread is baked in large factories and is then transported to where
it is sold.
Most people can easily go to a supermarket or a baker's shop to buy bread when they need
it.5.________________
In France in the 18th century, for example, there was very little bread in the shops and its price
was high. Angry people rioted in the streets and Marie Antoinette famously said, ‘Let them eat
cake.' Bread is an emotional issue. It's mentioned in ancient books, prayers, and proverbs of
many different cultures. In many places it's seen as one of the most important foods, and is
central to many cultures in ways that other foods are not.

A. However, when things go wrong, it's often bread that disappears first.
B. People didn't grow food then, but went out in the grasslands to look for plants and grains that
they could eat.
C. Bread is one of the most widely eaten foods in the world and it comes in an incredible range
of shapes and sizes.
D. In some countries, bread was considered a greater luxury than the most expensive meat.
E. The ancient Greeks, and later the Romans, baked flat bread and often flavoured it with herbs
and spices.
F. The bread mixture was placed inside these and then the opening was closed.

1С 2В 3E 4F 5A
Earth is the only ... (0) we know of in the universe that can support human life. ... (1) human
activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world ... (2) on consuming
two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so ... (3) to stay alive
we are rapidly destroying the very resource we have by which all people can survive and
prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is ... (4) built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources
are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. We discharge
pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a ... (5) the planet's
ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and
consumption are ... (6) increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's natural resources are
there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to
... (7) us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources
they will ... (8) indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run
out and everyone will suffer.

0 position situation site place

1 Although Yet Still Despite
2 follows repeats continues carries
3 already for entirely just
4 rather neither sooner either
5 result development product reaction
6 doing taking making having
7 stay keep maintain hold
8 last go remain stand

Place Yet carries just either result making keep last

Most people are born with the natural ability to (0) stories, but only a rare few have the
determination to become professional authors, and even fewer have the joy of seeing their
novels top the (1) of bestselling books. Some of the world's famous crime writers have achieved
the (2) success of all. Who can deny the appeal of famous detectives like Sherlock Holmes,
Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot? Even if you haven't read the (3) books you will have seen them
in films or on the TV.
If you have an ambition to become the next Agatha Christie what should you do? The best
starting (4) is to read lots of examples of crime fiction written by good authors. You will need a
notebook to carry around with you or, even better, some loose (5) of paper that you can (6)
notes on and then file into a folder. After all, the most everyday situation - for example,
watching a woman get (7) a train - may be the inspiration for your first bestseller.
Like any good recipe you have to know the main (8) of a successful novel. These are: an
original story, strong characters and a memorable setting.

0 tell announce say speak

1 row line queue list
2 largest prime greatest highest
3 initial early original first
4 spot tip point mark
5 strips layers sheets pieces
6 complete make fill do
7 down from out off
8 pieces ingredients sections parts

Tell list greatest original point sheets make off ingredients

The use of computers has meant students can study language programmes (1) their own speed
when and for how long they want. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the
student will (2) on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school, choose their
class, take the books they need off the shelf and (3) conversations with other computerised
students.
They might (4) choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the
restaurant. At the (5) of a button they would be transported to (6) realistic settings where they
could practice their English, maybe getting a hand from a virtual English companion. All this
perhaps, at the computer, from the comfort of their home: no (7) to catch the bus to college, or a
plane to England.
Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would it
ever (8) the classroom? Hopefully not. Surely the need to relate to real people talking about real
issues and generally learning a little more about others will always lead language learners to (9)
at least a little of their time with real people.

1 with at for in
2 put get place set
3 do take hold catch
4 instead preferably contrary although
5 hit push force depress
6 like such so alike
7 role need obligation duty
8 restore replace succeed recover
9 spend make have do

At put hold instead push such need replace spend

Skateboarding has become a very popular ________. All a person needs to enjoy this sport is a
skateboard, good ________, and some _______. It is a good idea to use safety helmets and
kneepads because even the best skateboarders fall ________. To begin skateboarding, put one
foot on the skateboard and push forward with the other ________. When you get moving fast
enough put both _______ on the ________ . You keep your balance by moving your arms and
_________. The more you practice the easier it ________ .

A) board
B) becomes
C) practice
D) sport
E) foot
F) sometimes
G) body
H) balance
I) feet

Skateboarding has become a very popular

sport
. All a person needs to enjoy this sport is a skateboard, good
balance
, and some
practice
. It is a good idea to use safety helmets and kneepads because even the best skateboarders fall
sometimes
. To begin skateboarding, put one foot on the skateboard and push forward with the other
foot
. When you get moving fast enough put both
feet
on the
board
. You keep your balance by moving your arms and
body
. The more you practice the easier it
becomes