Sumndad Jasmine T.

BSAM 3B
WINGS

Coleoptera means "sheathed wing;" beetles have two pairs of wings, but the first pair has been enlarged
and thickened into a pair of hard sheaths, or elytra, that cover the delicate hind wings.

 Diptera One set of wings and one set of halteres, which are smaller, modified wings used for balance. 

Odonata  two pairs of elongated membranous wings with a strong crossvein and many small veins that
criss-cross in the wings, adding strength and flexibility to the wings.
Strepsiptera (also known as twisted-wing parasites) live as internal parasites of bees, wasps,
grasshoppers, leafhoppers, and other members of the order Hemiptera.
Ephemeroptera are aquatic insects that often go through many nymph stages (living in water) and two
flying stages (the subimago and the imago). They are the only insects to have two flying stages, and can
be recognized by their three caudal filaments (tails) at the tip of the abdomen, and a single claw on each
leg.
Lepidoptera, is derived from one of their main characteristics, namely their having wings covered in tiny
scales (from the Greek lepidos = scale and pteron = wing). Indeed, it is these coloured scales which give
them their patterns. These scales are specially modified flattened hairs

Hemiptera means “halfwing”, in reference to the unique front pair of wings, which are leathery near their
base and membranous towards the tips. Most species hold their wings flat over their backs with the two
membranous portions overlapping.

Hymenoptera The winged Hymenoptera possess two pairs of membranous wings with relatively few
veins. Generally, they have chewing mouthparts, but may be modified to form a tonquelike structure
(bees). The antennae are fairly long. The abdomen may be fused broadly to the thorax or attached
narrowly by the propodeum.

Legs
Cursorial is a phrase used to describe the legs of some insects and other invertebrates that are modified
for running. Cursorial limbs are often slender and can be moved very quickly. A good example of an
insect that has cursorial limbs are tiger beetles (beetles within the Family Carabidae, Subfamily
Cicindelinae).
Saltatorial is a phrase used to describe the legs of some insects and other invertebrates that are modified
for jumping. Grasshoppers and crickets have saltatorial hind legs. The legs are much larger than the other
two pairs of legs and allow these insects to jump a considerable distance

Fossorial is a phrase used to describe the legs of some insects and other invertebrates that are modified
for digging. Fossorial limbs can be found on insects such as mole crickets. The fore limbs are enlarged
and powerful and well adapted for digging. A photograph of a Mole Cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa).
Raptorial is a phrase used to describe the grasping fore legs of some insects and other invertebrates. The
grasping surfaces of the limb are usually found on different, and opposing, segments of the limb. The fore
legs of the praying mantis are possibly the best example of raptorial limbs
legs of worker honey bee The honey bee has three pairs of legs which split into six segments, making
them very flexible. The front legs are specially designed to clean the antennae, while the rear legs have a
section devoted to pollen accumulation called a pollen basket

Mouthparts

Butterfly siphoning When a butterfy is not drinking, its "tongue" is wound into a
tight coil. The tongue is actually a tube, and it is able to extend and siphon water
and nectar into the butterfly's digestive system. These type of mouthparts, called
"siphoning," are unique to moths and butterflies.

Grasshopper chewing The grasshopper has mandibulate mouthparts that are

directed downward for biting and chewing the leaves of a host plant. Its labrum is a
broad flap that serves as a front lip. Mandibles operate from side to side. They have
overlapping edges that cut like scissors and molar surfaces for grinding or
crushing.
Beetle chewing Beetles always have chewing mouth parts, while the mouth parts
on true bugs are designed for piercing and sucking. If you flip the insect over, look
under its head. If there is a ridge extending from the tip to the end of the head, it's
probably got piercing-sucking mouthparts and is not a beetle.
leafhopper piercing and sucking Leafhoppers have piercing-sucking mouth parts
and jump, fly or run sideways at a rapid pace when disturbed. The pale green to
yellow nymphs which are smaller than the adults, are wingless, flightless and tend
to move sideways very quickly when disturbed
 Antennae

Aristate antennae are pouch-like, with a lateral bristle. Aristate antennae are most
notably found in the Diptera (true flies.)

Lamellate. The term lamellate comes from the Latin lamella, meaning a thin plate
or scale. In lamellate antennae, the segments at the tip are flattened and nested, so
they look like a folding fan. To see an example of lamellate antennae, look at a
scarab beetle.
Serrate. The segments of serrate antennae are notched or angled on one side, making the
antennae look like a saw blade. The term serrate derives from the Latin serra, meaning saw.
Serrate antennae are found in some beetles.

flabellate antennae, the terminal segments extend laterally, with long, parallel
lobes that lie flat against one another. This feature looks like a folding paper fan.
Flabellate (or flabelliform) antennae are found in several insect groups within the
Coleoptera, the Hymenoptera, and the Lepidoptera.

Moniliform antennae look like strings of beads. The segments are usually
spherical, and uniform in size. Termites (order Isoptera) are a good example of
insects with moniliform antennae.

Pectinate - The segments are longer on one side. This gives the appearance of a
comb e.g. Sawflies (related to wasps) and Beetles. Clavate - the segments become
wider towards the tip of the antenna.
Geniculate - there is an abrupt bend or elbow part of the way along the antenna
e.g. Ants and Beetles. Plumose - the segments each have a number of fine thread-
like branches. This gives the appearance of a feather e.g. Flies.
Plumose. The segments of plumose antennae have fine branches, giving them a
feathery appearance. The term plumose derives from the Latin pluma, meaning
feather. Insects with plumose antennae include some of the true flies, such as
mosquitoes, and moths.
Clavate - the segments become wider towards the tip of the antenna. This may be
gradual along its length, or a sudden increase and therefore mainly affecting the
last few joints and giving the appearance of a club e.g. Butterflies & Moths and
Beetles.
stylate antennae, the final segment terminates in a long, slender point, called a
style. The style may be hairlike but will extend from the end and never from the
side. Stylate antennae are found most notably in certain true flies of the suborder
Brachycera (such as robber flies, snipe flies, and bee flies.)

setaceous comes from the Latin seta, meaning bristle. Setaceous antennae are
bristle-shaped and tapered from the base to the tip. Examples of insects with
setaceous antennae include mayflies (order Ephemeroptera) and dragonflies and
damselflies (order Odonata)