INDEX

S.NO CONTENT SIGNATURE

1 Listening Skills

2 Reading Comprehension

3 Presentation

3a Technical Presentation

3b Non-Technical Presentation

4 Interview Skills

5 Group Discussion

6 Cover Letter & Resume

7 Error Correction
LISTENING SKILLS
 Listening Comprehension
Listening Comprehension can be understood as thoughtful attention paid to what is being said
and it also demands an understands that facilitates retention of the listened content. Listening is a
challenging activity as it is a live act and the listener needs to comprehend in the real moment.
In the academic learning requirement, listening comprehension is to be taught-learned as a
technique to ‘Receive-Retain-Record-Reflect’.

The Process of Listening:

 Undivided Attention
 Hearing
 Understanding
 Interpreting
 Evaluating
 Conceptualizing

Listening-the forgotten art- is divided into various types, based on the

treatment a listener gives to it.
The Types of Listening are as follows:

Attentive Listening:
When the listener concentrates and makes notes to be used for further learning. This is called
actual listening. There is coordination between the mind and the notebook. The Attentive
Listener pays full attention and is not swayed away by temporary interruptions. There are no
preoccupations and bias towards the speaker. In Attentive Listening, the retained amount is the
maximum and the listeners are able to comprehend the text in the intended sense. Attentive
listening enables further discussions and sharing of learning.

Reflective Listening:
When the listened content creates reflections in the mind of the listener and takes the mind to a
different level of thinking. In simple words, reflective listening is a dangerous state when the
listener needs to pay full attention and the heard information generates associated feelings and
thoughts. It creates introspection and sometimes takes away attentive listening. The speaker has
to take care of the words and references that can produce reflective listening. There is no
negative quality to it, but it is not required in academic and business listening.

Selective Listening:
You are in a lecture and the professor is taking attendance by calling the roll numbers. Our mind
comes into ‘attention’ mode only when our turn to speak is about to come. We become ‘selfish’
or to say rightly- we become ‘selective listener’. The listener is preoccupied with the belief that
the complete speech is not of worth and I need to ‘retain’ only a selected segment. All is heard,
but thoughtful attention is paid only to selected words.

Pretended Listening:
‘I may not be listening to you at all, but I need to make you believe that I am’. This is well
known to us that we sometimes avoid listening to a complete lecture/speech or we take our
attention away for a while. Yet, the observer or the speaker is not aware that we deviated from
the worthy words. The mechanism of nodding heads, taking (engraving) ‘fake’ notes and
keeping the smart expressions convey that one has been paying full attention. The reality is
otherwise contrary. This is Pretended Listening and is not recommended in formal situation. The
words are worthy to be listened to, whenever-wherever they are spoken.
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Subject Name: Dhiyanesh.S Register Number: 311419104018

Subject Name: Professional Communication Lab Test Name: Listening 1

Instruction: Listen the audio and type the answer in the blanks provided (This question carries 1 mark)

Q1.

Click here to play the Audio

Correct Answer: Implementing Six Sigma principles at a company can be expensive, including extensive training
foremployees and hiring consultants

Your answer: Implementing Six Sigma principles at a company can be expensive including extensive training for
employees and hiring consultants.

Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Listen the audio and type the answer in the blanks provided (This question carries 1 mark)

Q 2.

Click here to play the Audio

Correct Answer: Possible medical applications include better implants, wound dressings, diagnostics and cancer
treatment

Your answer: Possible medical applications include better implants, boon dressings, diagnostics and cancer
treatments.

Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Listen the audio and type the answer in the blanks provided (This question carries 1 mark)

Q 3.

Click here to play the Audio

Correct Answer: You should be confident while presenting your paper

Your answer: You should be confident while presenting your paper.

Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Listen the audio and type the answer in the blanks provided (This question carries 1 mark)

Q 4.

Click here to play the Audio

Correct Answer: He did not give clear, to the point replies to the interview board members and had no experience
in the relevant area.

Your answer: He did not give clear to the point replies to the interview port members and have no experience in the
relevant area.

Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Listen the audio and type the answer in the blanks provided (This question carries 1 mark)

Q 5.

Click here to play the Audio

Correct Answer: It can be used in conventional healing equipment or diesel engine with no major modification.

Your answer: It can be used in conventional healing equipment or diesel engine with no major modifications.

Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 6. Game is now finding its applications in computer science

Click here to play the Audio

theory
hypothesis
theorist

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 7. protects us from the sun by interacting with light

Click here to play the Audio
 Oxygen
Ozone
Hydrogen

Correct Answer: 2 Your Answer: 2 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 8. Biofuel contains no petroleum, but it can be at any level with petroleum fuel to create a
biofuel blend.

Click here to play the Audio

blended
unblended
combined

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 9. The Fisher College of Business can provide a lower-cost alternative to a Six Sigma
Implementation

Click here to play the Audio

Conventional
 Traditionalistic traditional

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 10. Nano science is the science of the _ small–objects smaller than 100 nano meters

Click here to play the Audio

extreme
extra
extremely

Correct Answer: 3 Your Answer: 3 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 11. Objective is the most important part of your .

Click here to play the Audio

resume
assume
presume

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 12. A resume is a brief, concise document that advertises your most relevant and positive
for employment

Click here to play the Audio

credibility
credentials
credence

Correct Answer: 2 Your Answer: 2 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 13. Writing official letters can be quite a .

Click here to play the Audio

nightmarish
nightmare
nightlong

Correct Answer: 2 Your Answer: 2 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 14. Implementing Six Sigma principles at a company can be

Click here to play the Audio

experience
expensive
expensiveness

Correct Answer: 2 Your Answer: 2 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 15. Nehru wrote them to the young Indira while he was in jail during India's struggle for .

Click here to play the Audio

Independency
Independent independence

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 16. Learn to well, and say what is in your heart.

Click here to play the Audio

communicate
communication communicating

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 17. In the new paradigm, there are multiple entities that work on behalf of different
bodies and provide services to other similar entities.

Click here to play the Audio

autonomous
autonomy
autopsy

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 18. A huge range of are possible, based on stronger, lighter or smaller materials

Click here to play the Audio

applications
materials
molecules

Correct Answer: 1 Your Answer: 1 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 19. Game theory has found its applications in numerous fields such as , Social Science, Political
Science, and Evolutionary Biology.

Click here to play the Audio

economist
economy
economics

Correct Answer: 3 Your Answer: 3 Status: Correct Marks: 1

Instruction: Please select the right option

Q 20. The sample resume we have is of a fresher, so he has mentioned only his educational

Click here to play the Audio

experienced
experience
expensive

Correct Answer: 2 Your Answer: 2 Status: Correct Marks: 1

 READING
COMPREHENSION
 READING COMPREHENSION
READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE GIVEN QUESTIONS.

PASSAGE 1:
Cardamom, the queen of all spices, has a history as old as the human race. Warm-humid climate,
loamy soil rich in organic matter, distributed rainfall, and special cultivation and processing
methods combine to make Indian cardamom unique in aroma, flavour, and size. It has a parrot
green colour. Two types of cardamom are produced in India. The first type is the large one,
which has not much significance as it is not traded in the future market. It is cultivated in the
north eastern area of the country. These are mainly cultivated in Kerala, Tamil Nādu, and
Karnataka. As per the future market rules, only 7 mm quality was previously traded in
exchanges. But later, it relaxed its norms and now 6 mm quality is also traded in the exchanges.
Cardamom is an expensive spice, second to saffron. Indian cardamom is known in two main
varieties: Malabar cardamom and Mysore cardamom. The Mysore variety contains leaves of
cineol, and limonene and hence is more aromatic. India is the world’s largest producer and
exporter emerged as the leading producer and exporter of cardamom. The main harvest season of
cardamom in India is in August-February. Cardamom reaches at yielding stage two years after
the plantation. The primary physical markets of cardamom are Kumily Vandenmodu, Jhekkady,
Puliyarmala in Kerala, and Bodynaikkaur and Cumbum in Tamilnadu. Kerala is the main
producer of cardamom and contributes up to 60% of total production. Karnataka produces around
25% of the total production of cardamom. Ooty is the main producer of cardamom in Tamil
Nadu and contributes around 10-15% of the total production. Due to Guatemala’s low quality of
cardamom, it remains available at cheaper rates.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Mysore variety contains leaves of:

(a) Limonene

(b) Cineol

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of these

2. Indian Cardamom is:

(a) Poor quality

(b) Average in quality

(c) Better in quality

(d) None of these

3. Guatemala produces cardamom:

(a) More but poor in quality

(b) Less but good in quality

(c) More and good in quality

(d) Less and poor in quality

4. Main harvest season of cardamom in India is:
(a) August-February

(b) August-March

(c) November

(d) February-April

5. Cardamom reaches its yielding stage in:

(a) Immediately after the plantation

(b) Depends upon the plantation

(c) (c) One year after the plantation

(d) Two years after the plantation

6. India produces cardamom of:

(a) One type

(b) Two types

(c) Three types

(d) None of the above

7. Which of the following is the variety of Indian cardamom?

(a) Malabar cardamom

(b) Mysore cardamom

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above

8. Which of the following production of cardamom produced by Karnataka?

(a) 25%

(b) 10%

(c) 15%

(d) 60%

9. Find the synonym of the word ‘distributor’

(a) Expensive
 (b) Known

(c) Producer

(d) Exporter

10. The synonym of the word ‘fragrance’ is

(a) Aroma

(b) Variety

(c) Contain

(d) Hence

PASSAGE 2:
Many people believe that science and religion are contrary to each other. But his notation is
wrong. Both are correlated to each other. There is no doubt that the methods of science and
religion are different. The method of science is observation, experimentation, and experience.
Science takes its recourse to a progressive march towards perfection. The rules of religion are
faith, intuition, and the spoken word of the enlightened. In general, while science is inclined
towards reason and rationality, spiritualism is the essence of religion. In earlier times when a
man appeared on Earth, he was overawed at the sight of violent and powerful aspects of nature.
In certain cases, the usefulness of different natural objects of nature overwhelmed man. Thus
began the worship of forces of nature — fire, the sun, the rivers, the rocks, the trees, the snakes,
etc. The holy scriptures were written by those who had developed harmony between external
nature and their inner self. Their objective was to ennoble, elevate and liberate the human spirit
and mind. But the priestly class took upon itself the monopoly of scriptural knowledge and
interpretation to its advantage. Thus, the entire human race was in chains. The truth was flouted
and progressive, liberal, and truthful ideas expressing doubt and scepticism were suppressed and
their holders punished. It was in these trying circumstances that science emerged as a saviour of
mankind. But its path was not smooth and safe. The scientists and free thinkers were tortured.
This was the fate of Copernicus, Galileo, Bruno, and others. But side by side science gained
ground.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What are the reasons for a man to worship the forces of nature?

(a) The holy scriptures advocate the worship of forces of nature.

(b) The worship elevates and liberates the human spirit and mind.

(c) The worship makes man believe in faith and intuition.

(d) Forces of nature teach us spiritualism.

2. According to the passage science and religion both:

(a) Emerged out of the fear of man

(b) Emerged from the desire of man to worship the forces of nature
(c) Employee different methods of inquiry
 (d) work at the cross-purpose of each other

3. What was the objective of the authors of the holy scriptures?

(a) To teach man the methods of worshipping nature

(b) To educate and raise the human spirit and mind

(c) To develop harmony between external nature and their inner self

(d) None of these

4. According to the passage, at the present juncture there is a need to:

(a) freeman from all sorts of bondages

(b) judiciously mix the principles of science and the true spirit of religion

(c) teach people to worship the forces of nature

(d) encourage spiritualism as much as possible

5. Why it is said in the passage that, “science emerged as a saviour of mankind”?

(a) Science takes recourse to a progressive march toward perfection

(b) Science is inclined towards reason and rationality

(c) Man was bound in chains by religious orthodoxy

(d) The free thinkers and enlightened men were tortured

6. Truth was:

(a) Flouted

(b) Progressive

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of these

7. Find the synonym of the word ‘belief’

(a) Observation

(b) Experience

(c) Faith

(d) Enlightened

8. Find the synonym of the word ‘show up’

(a) Appear
 (b) Scripture

(c) Developed

(d) Usefulness

9. Find the antonym of the word ‘noncontradictory’

(a) Believe

(b) Each

(c) Method

(d) Contrary

10. Find the antonym of the word ‘retrogression’

(a) Flout

(b) Progress

(c) Truth

(d) Liberal

PASSAGE 3:
Throughout human history, the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern
medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and
death are now chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, cataract,
and cancer. Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries.
This is not the calorie or micronutrient deficiency associated with the developing nation; but
multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess. The
incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient
groups such as the essential fatty acids and flavonoids are included in the surveys. However, the
pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few
of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this
responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance or disease
prevention. Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to
measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach
says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot
know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. So,
do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically
for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases. there
is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most
micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe. Accordingly, a
comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-
effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Type B malnutrition will be worse if:
(a) micronutrients groups are included

(b) fatty acids and flavonoids are included

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) none of these

2. To know the ingredient is exerting the benefit:

(a) Give compound formula to test subjects

(b) Test each ingredient individually

(c) Study the impact of single micronutrients

(d) None of these

3. After analysing each individual’s states than:

(a) Classical approach starts

(b) Maintain the health and disease prevention

(c) Tailor a formula

(d) None of these

4. National surveys reveal:

(a) Malnutrition is common

(b) Long latency period

(c) Chronic degenerative disease

(d) None of these

5. Pharmaceutical model created:

(a) Incidence of disease

(b) Nutritional status

(c) Unhealthy dependency culture

(d) None of these

6. To improve general health of nation:

(a) A comprehensive program

(b) Universal program of micronutrient

(c) Both (a) and (b)

 (d) None of these

7. What does classical approach say?

(a) You must test each ingredient individually

(b) Who know very little about health maintenance or disease prevention.

(c) A diagnosis is made

(d) All of the above

8, Which of the following are the micronutrients groups?

(a) Essential fatty acids

(b) Flavonoids

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of these

9. Find the synonym of the word ‘unify’.

(a) Reveal

(b) Develop

(c) Associate

(d) Combine

10. Find the synonym of the word ‘notably’.

(a) Analyse

(b) Specifically

(c) Majority

(d) Concerned

PASSAGE 4:
Necessity is indeed the mother of invention. When areas in and around Leh began to experience
water shortages, life didn’t grind to a halt. Why? Because Chewang Norphel, a retired civil
engineer in the Jammu and Kashmir government came up with the idea of artificial glaciers.
Ladakh, a cold desert at an altitude of 3,000-3,500 meters above sea level, has a low average
annual rainfall rate of 50 mm. Glaciers have always been the only source of water. Agriculture is
completely dependent on glacier melt unlike the rest of river/monsoon-fed India. But over the
years with increasing effects of climate change, rainfall and snowfall patterns have been
changing, resulting in severe shortage and drought situations. Given the severe winter conditions,
the window for farming is usually limited to one harvest season. It is located between the natural
glacier above
and the village below. The one closer to the village and lowest in altitude melts first, providing
water during April/May, the crucial sowing season. Further layers of ice ensuring continuous
supply to the fields. Thus, farmers have been able to manage two crops instead of one. It costs
about a 1,50,000 and above to create one. Fondly called the “glacier man”, Mr. Norphel has
designed over 15 artificial glaciers in and around Leh since 1987. In recognition of his
pioneering effort, he was conferred the Padma Shri by President Pranab Mukherjee, in
2015.There are few basic steps followed in creating the artificial glacier. River or stream water at
higher altitude is diverted to a shaded area of the hill, facing north, where the winter sun is
blocked by a ridge of a mountain range. At the start of winter/November, the diverted water is
made to flow onto sloping hill face through distribution channels. Stone embankments are built
at regular intervals which impede the flow of water, making shallow pools and freeze, forming a
cascade of ice along the slope. Ice formation continues for 3-4 months resulting in a large
accumulation of ice which is referred to as an “artificial glacier.”

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Who was Chewang Norphel?

(a) A farmer

(b) Officer in Agriculture department

(c) A retired civil engineer

(d) A doctor

2. Why have Glaciers been the only source of water for Ladakh?
(a) Ladakh is a cold desert at 3,000-3,500 m

(b) Because 15 artificial glaciers have designed

(c) Due to severe shortage and drought situations

(d) Because farming is limited to one harvest season

3. How are Glaciers significant for irrigation?

(a) Because it depends upon Agriculture

(b) Because it provides water in April/May

(c) Because it started in winter/November

(d) Due to artificial glacier

4. What kind of land form is Ladakh?

(a) Rainfall

(b) Hot Desert

(c) Cold Desert

(d) Agriculture
5. How do farmers manage to grow two crops instead of one?

(a) Because of idea artificial glacier

(b) Because of harvest method

(c) Because sloping hill face through distribution channels

(d) Because glaciers and their layers close to the village melt

6. Why has the pattern of snowfall and rainfall changed?

(a) Due to rainfall

(b) Due to climate change

(c) Due to glacier

(d) Due to agriculture

7. Which of the following reason he was conferred the Padma Shri by President Pranab
Mukherjee, in 2015?

(a) In recognition of his pioneering effort

(b) Continuous supply to the field

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of these

8. Find the synonym of the word ‘Persist’

(a) Located

(b) Lowest

(c) Continue

(d) Manage

9. Find the antonym of the word ‘Non-deliberate’

(a) Designed

(b) Around

(c) Conferred

(d) Recognition

10. Find the antonym of the word ‘Infrequent’

(a) Diverted

(b) Range
 (c) Regular

(d) Inverted

PASSAGE 5:
A prominent feature of the macaque monkeys is the presence of cheek pouches in which these
primates temporarily store food. Offer them their favourite food and they simply stuff all that
they can in these cheek pouches which can puff up on the sides. Most macaques obtain a good
amount of their food on the ground gleaning for fruits, insects, leaves, shoots and more. Most
macaques are sort of squat and thickset in build. While four of these (lion-tailed, pigtailed,
stump-tailed and Assamese) have restricted distributional ranges, the first in the Nilgiri
mountains of South India and the latter three in the north-east, the Rhesus and Bonnet are
widespread. Rhesus monkey, with the human blood factor named after it, is the animal that was
once exported in large numbers for medical research, especially for testing newly developed
drugs, including the development of the Salk vaccine against poliomyelitis. The common
monkey of North India, the Rhesus, can be easily recognised by a prominent patch of reddish
orange fur in its loins and rump. Ascending upto almost 9,000 feet in the Himalayas, it is found
down south, at the Godavari river, and is possibly slowly increasing its range. Small numbers
occur in Mumbai’s Borivali National Park, often mixing along with a troop of Bonnets and
Langurs. But a centrally parted Bonnet of dark, longest hair radiating from the force-drown
gives this its common name. This is the common monkey of peninsular and southern India,
found south of the Godavari river. This is the animal that also gives you company on Elephant
Island at Khandala, Mather an, and at a host of other tourist spots of Southern India. It is, I find
only slightly less of a temple monkey that the Rhesus is over much of North India, where a
curious blend of religious and sentimental reasons just manages to prevent it from getting
molested and persecuted.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Rhesus and Bonnet widespread in:

(a) Mountains of South India

(b) North-east India

(c) Southern India

(d) Alaska

2. Bonnet is like:
(a) reddish orange fur

(b) cheek pouches

(c) prominent patch of reddish fur orange on its loins

(d) longer tail and reddish-orange patch

3. Rhesus monkey exported for:

(a) Mumbai’s Borivali National Park

(b) Testing newly developed drugs

 (c) Elephanta Island

(d) None of these

4. Before digestion, Macaque monkeys store their food in:

(a) Cheek pouches

(b) Their habitat

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of these

5. Other four Macaques are distributed in:

(a) South India

(b) North-East India

(c) First in south and other three in north-east India

(d) None of these

6. Bonnet monkey belongs to:

(a) North India

(b) South India

(c) North-East India

(d) None of these

7. Where are the common monkeys found?

(a) South of the Godavari River

(b) Mumbai’s National Park

(c) Elephant Island Khandala

(d) None of these

8. Which of the following has a longer tail and lacks the reddish?
(a) Rhesus monkey

(b) Bonnet monkey

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of these

9. Find the synonym of the word ‘Renowned’

(a) Temporary
 (b) Store

(c) Favorite

(d) Prominent

10. Find the synonym of the word ‘Indurate’

(a) Hard

(b) Various

(c) Distributed

(d) Restricted
PRESENTATION
 PRESENTATION
What is a
Presentation?
A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations,
such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting, or briefing a team. A presentation can also be
used as a broad term that encompasses other ‘speaking engagements’ such as making a speech at
a wedding or getting a point across in a video conference. To be effective, step-by-step
preparation and the method and means of presenting the information should be carefully
considered. A presentation requires you to get a message across to the listeners and will often
contain a 'persuasive' element. It may, for example, be a talk about the positive work of your
organization, what you could offer an employer, or why you should receive additional funding
for a project.
The Key Elements of a Presentation
Making a presentation is a way of communicating your thoughts and ideas to an audience and
many of our articles on communication are also relevant here. Consider the following key
components of a presentation:
Context
Ask yourself the following questions to develop a full understanding of the context of the
presentation.
When and where will you deliver your presentation?
There is a world of difference between a small room with natural light and an informal setting,
and a huge lecture room, lit with stage lights.
Will it be in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere new?
If somewhere new, it would be worth trying to visit it in advance, or at least arriving early, to
familiarise yourself with the room.
Will the presentation be within a formal or less formal setting?
A work setting will, more or less by definition, be more formal, but there are also various
degrees of formality within that.
Are you already familiar with the audience?
With a new audience, you will have to build rapport quickly and effectively, to get them on your
side.
What equipment and technology will be available to you, and what will you be expected to
use?
In particular, you will need to ask about microphones and whether you will be expected to stand
in one place, or move around.
What is the audience expecting to learn from you and your presentation?
Check how you will be ‘billed’ to give you clues as to what information needs to be included in
your presentation.
Presenter
The role of the presenter is to communicate with the audience and control the presentation.
Remember, though, that this may also include handing over the control to your audience,
especially if you want some kind of interaction.
Audience
The audience receives the presenter’s message(s). However, this reception will be filtered
through and affected by such things as the listener’s own experience, knowledge, and personal
sense of values.
Message
The message or messages are delivered by the presenter to the audience. The message is
delivered not just by the spoken word (verbal communication) but can be augmented by
techniques such as voice projection, body language, gestures, eye contact (non-verbal
communication), and visual aids.
Reaction
The audience’s reaction and therefore the success of the presentation will largely depend upon
whether you, as a presenter, effectively communicate your message, and whether it met their
expectations.
Method
Presentations are usually delivered direct to an audience. However, there may be occasions
where they are delivered from a distance over the Internet using video conferencing systems,
such as Skype.
Impediments
Many factors can influence the effectiveness of how your message is communicated to the
audience.
 TECHNICAL
PRESENTATION
 TOPIC: PYTHON

INTRODUCTION: Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy

emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation via the off-side rule.
Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms,
including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a
"batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library.
Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC programming language and
first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0.[37] Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a
major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the
last release of Python 2.
Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages.[

HISTORY
Python was conceived in the late 1980s] by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in
the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC programming language, which was inspired by SETL capable of exception
handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system.Its implementation began in December 1989.Van
Rossum shouldered sole responsibility for the project, as the lead developer, until 12 July 2018, when he announced
his "permanent vacation" from his responsibilities as Python's "benevolent dictator for life", a title the Python
community bestowed upon him to reflect his long-term commitment as the project's chief decision-maker. In
January 2019, active Python core developers elected a five-member Steering Council to lead the project.
Python 2.0 was released on 16 October 2000, with many major new features such as list comprehensions, cycle-
detecting garbage collection, reference counting, and Unicode support.Python 3.0, released on 3 December 2008,
with many of its major features backported to Python 2.6.x] and 2.7.x. Releases of Python 3 include the  2to3  utility,
which automates the translation of Python 2 code to Python 3.
Python 2.7's end-of-life was initially set for 2015, then postponed to 2020 out of concern that a large body of existing
code could not easily be forward-ported to Python 3.No further security patches or other improvements will be
released for it. Currently only 3.7 and later are supported. In 2021, Python 3.9.2 and 3.8.8 were expedited as all
versions of Python (including 2.7) had security issues leading to possible remote code execution and web cache
poisoning.
In 2022, Python 3.10.4 and 3.9.12 were expedited and 3.8.13, and 3.7.13, because of many security issues. When
Python 3.9.13 was released in May 2022, it was announced that the 3.9 series (joining the older series 3.8 and 3.7)
would only receive security fixes in the future. On September 7, 2022, four new releases were made due to a
potential denial-of-service attack: 3.10.7, 3.9.14, 3.8.14, and 3.7.14.
As of November 2022, Python 3.11 is the stable release. Notable changes from 3.10 include increased program
execution speed and improved error reporting.
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND FEATURES:
Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented programming and structured programming are
fully supported, and many of their features support functional programming and aspect-oriented
programming (including metaprogramming] and metaobjects).Many other paradigms are supported via extensions,
including design by contract and logic programming.
Python uses dynamic typing and a combination of reference counting and a cycle-detecting garbage collector
for memory management. It uses dynamic name resolution (late binding), which binds method and variable names
during program execution.
Its design offers some support for functional programming in the Lisp tradition. It
has  filter , map and reduce  functions; list comprehensions, dictionaries, sets, and generator expressions. The standard
library has two modules ( itertools  and  functools ) that implement functional tools borrowed
from Haskell and Standard ML.
Its core philosophy is summarized in the document The Zen of Python (PEP 20), which includes aphorisms such as:

 Beautiful is better than ugly.

 Explicit is better than implicit.
 Simple is better than complex.
 Complex is better than complicated.
 Readability counts.
Rather than building all of its functionality into its core, Python was designed to be highly extensible via modules.
This compact modularity has made it particularly popular as a means of adding programmable interfaces to existing
applications. Van Rossum's vision of a small core language with a large standard library and easily extensible
interpreter stemmed from his frustrations with ABC, which espoused the opposite approach.
Python strives for a simpler, less-cluttered syntax and grammar while giving developers a choice in their coding
methodology. In contrast to Perl's "there is more than one way to do it" motto, Python embraces a "there should be
one—and preferably only one—obvious way to do it" philosophy. [74] Alex Martelli, a Fellow at the Python Software
Foundation and Python book author, wrote: "To describe something as 'clever' is not considered a compliment in the
Python culture."
Python's developers strive to avoid premature optimization and reject patches to non-critical parts of
the CPython reference implementation that would offer marginal increases in speed at the cost of clarity. When speed
is important, a Python programmer can move time-critical functions to extension modules written in languages such
as C; or use PyPy, a just-in-time compiler. Cython is also available, which translates a Python script into C and
makes direct C-level API calls into the Python interpreter.
Python's developers aim for it to be fun to use. This is reflected in its name—a tribute to the British comedy
group Monty Python —and in occasionally playful approaches to tutorials and reference materials, such as the use of
the terms "spam" and "eggs" (a reference to a Monty Python sketch) in examples, instead of the often-used "foo" and
"bar".
A common neologism in the Python community is pythonic, which has a wide range of meanings related to program
style. "Pythonic" code may use Python idioms well, be natural or show fluency in the language, or conform with
Python's minimalist philosophy and emphasis on readability. Code that is difficult to understand or reads like a rough
transcription from another programming language is called unpythonic.
SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS
Python is meant to be an easily readable language. Its formatting is visually uncluttered and often uses English
keywords where other languages use punctuation. Unlike many other languages, it does not use curly brackets to
delimit blocks, and semicolons after statements are allowed but rarely used. It has fewer syntactic exceptions and
special cases than C or Pascal.
Indentation:
Main article: Python syntax and semantics § Indentation
Python uses whitespace indentation, rather than curly brackets or keywords, to delimit blocks. An increase in
indentation comes after certain statements; a decrease in indentation signifies the end of the current block.Thus, the
program's visual structure accurately represents its semantic structure. This feature is sometimes termed the off-side
rule. Some other languages use indentation this way; but in most, indentation has no semantic meaning. The
recommended indent size is four spaces.
Statements and control flow:
Python's statements include:

 The assignment statement, using a single equals sign  =

 The  if  statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with  else  and  elif  (a contraction of else-
if)
 The  for  statement, which iterates over an iterable object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the
attached block
 The  while  statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true
 The  try  statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled
by  except  clauses (or new syntax  except*  in Python 3.11 for exception groups); it also ensures that clean-up
code in a  finally  block is always run regardless of how the block exits
 The  raise  statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception
 The  class  statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a class, for use in object-
oriented programming
 The  def  statement, which defines a function or method
 The  with  statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a lock before
it is run, then releasing the lock; or opening and closing a file), allowing resource-acquisition-is-
initialization (RAII)-like behavior and replacing a common try/finally idiom
 The  break  statement, which exits a loop
 The  continue  statement, which skips the rest of the current iteration and continues with the next
 The  del  statement, which removes a variable—deleting the reference from the name to the value, and producing
an error if the variable is referred to before it is redefined
 The  pass  statement, serving as a NOP, syntactically needed to create an empty code block
 The  assert  statement, used in debugging to check for conditions that should apply
 The  yield  statement, which returns a value from a generator function (and also an operator); used to
implement coroutines
 The  return  statement, used to return a value from a function
 The  import  and  from  statements, used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current
program
The assignment statement ( = ) binds a name as a reference to a separate, dynamically allocated object. Variables may
subsequently be rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder without a
fixed data type; however, it always refers to some object with a type. This is called dynamic typing—in contrast
to statically-typed languages, where each variable may contain only a value of a certain type.
Python does not support tail call optimization or first-class continuations, and, according to Van Rossum, it never
will. However, better support for coroutine-like functionality is provided by extending Python's generators.] Before
2.5, generators were lazy iterators; data was passed unidirectionally out of the generator. From Python 2.5 on, it is
possible to pass data back into a generator function; and from version 3.3, it can be passed through multiple stack
level.
Expressions:
Python's expressions include:

 The  + ,  - , and  *  operators for mathematical addition, subtraction, and multiplication are similar to other
languages, but the behavior of division differs. There are two types of divisions in Python: floor division (or
integer division)  //  and floating-point / division.[92] Python uses the  **  operator for exponentiation.
 Python uses the  +  operator for string concatenation. Python uses the  *  operator for duplicating a string a
specified number of times.
 The  @  infix operator. It is intended to be used by libraries such as NumPy for matrix multiplication.
 The syntax  := , called the "walrus operator", was introduced in Python 3.8. It assigns values to variables as part of
a larger expression.
 In Python,  ==  compares by value. Python's  is  operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by
reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example,  a <= b <= c .
 Python uses  and ,  or , and  not  as boolean operators.
 Python has a type of expression called a list comprehension, as well as a more general expression called
a generator expression.
 Anonymous functions are implemented using lambda expressions; however, there may be only one expression in
each body.
 Conditional expressions are written as  x if c else y  (different in order of operands from the  c ? x : y  operator
common to many other languages).
 Python makes a distinction between lists and tuples. Lists are written as  [1, 2, 3] , are mutable, and cannot be
used as the keys of dictionaries (dictionary keys must be immutable in Python). Tuples, written as  (1, 2, 3) , are
immutable and thus can be used as keys of dictionaries, provided all of the tuple's elements are immutable.
The  +  operator can be used to concatenate two tuples, which does not directly modify their contents, but
produces a new tuple containing the elements of both. Thus, given the variable  t  initially equal to  (1, 2, 3) ,
executing  t = t + (4, 5)  first evaluates  t + (4, 5) , which yields  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) , which is then assigned back to  t —
thereby effectively "modifying the contents" of  t  while conforming to the immutable nature of tuple objects.
Parentheses are optional for tuples in unambiguous contexts.
 Python features sequence unpacking where multiple expressions, each evaluating to anything that can be assigned
(to a variable, writable property, etc.) are associated in an identical manner to that forming tuple literals—and, as
a whole, are put on the left-hand side of the equal sign in an assignment statement. The statement expects
an iterable object on the right-hand side of the equal sign that produces the same number of values as the
provided writable expressions; when iterated through them, it assigns each of the produced values to the
corresponding expression on the left.
 Python has a "string format" operator  %  that functions analogously to  printf  format strings in C—e.g.  "spam=
%s eggs=%d" % ("blah", 2)  evaluates to  "spam=blah eggs=2" . In Python 2.6+ and 3+, this was supplemented
by the  format()  method of the  str  class, e.g.  "spam={0} eggs={1}".format("blah", 2) . Python 3.6 added "f-
strings":  spam = "blah"; eggs = 2; f'spam={spam} eggs={eggs}' .
 Strings in Python can be concatenated by "adding" them (with the same operator as for adding integers and
floats), e.g.  "spam" + "eggs"  returns  "spameggs" . If strings contain numbers, they are added as strings rather
than integers, e.g.  "2" + "2"  returns  "22" .
 Python has various string literals:
o Delimited by single or double quote marks; unlike in Unix shells, Perl, and Perl-influenced languages, single
and double quote marks work the same. Both use the backslash ( \ ) as an escape character. String
interpolation became available in Python 3.6 as "formatted string literals".
o Triple-quoted (beginning and ending with three single or double quote marks), which may span multiple lines
and function like here documents in shells, Perl, and Ruby.
o Raw string varieties, denoted by prefixing the string literal with  r . Escape sequences are not interpreted;
hence raw strings are useful where literal backslashes are common, such as regular
expressions and Windows-style paths. (Compare " @ -quoting" in C#.)
 Python has array index and array slicing expressions in lists, denoted
as  a[key] ,  a[start:stop]  or  a[start:stop:step] . Indexes are zero-based, and negative indexes are relative to the end.
Slices take elements from the start index up to, but not including, the stop index. The third slice parameter
called step or stride, allows elements to be skipped and reversed. Slice indexes may be omitted—for
example,  a[:]  returns a copy of the entire list. Each element of a slice is a shallow copy.
In Python, a distinction between expressions and statements is rigidly enforced, in contrast to languages such
as Common Lisp, Scheme, or Ruby. This leads to duplicating some functionality. For example:

 List comprehensions vs.  for -loops

 Conditional expressions vs.  if  blocks
 The  eval()  vs.  exec()  built-in functions (in Python 2,  exec  is a statement); the former is for expressions, the
latter is for statements
Statements cannot be a part of an expression—so list and other comprehensions or lambda expressions, all being
expressions, cannot contain statements. A particular case is that an assignment statement such as  a = 1  cannot form
part of the conditional expression of a conditional statement. This has the advantage of avoiding a classic C error of
mistaking an assignment operator  =  for an equality operator  ==  in conditions:  if (c = 1) { ... } is syntactically valid
(but probably unintended) C code, but  if c = 1: ...  causes a syntax error in Python.
Methods:
Methods on objects are functions attached to the object's class; the syntax  instance.method(argument)  is, for normal
methods and functions, syntactic sugar for  Class.method(instance, argument) . Python methods have an
explicit  self  parameter to access instance data, in contrast to the implicit self (or  this ) in some other object-oriented
programming languages (e.g., C++, Java, Objective-C, Ruby). Python also provides methods, often called dunder
methods (due to their names beginning and ending with double-underscores), to allow user-defined classes to modify
how they are handled by native operations including length, comparison, in arithmetic operations and type
conversion.

Typing:

The standard type hierarchy in Python 3

Python uses duck typing and has typed objects but untyped variable names. Type constraints are not checked
at compile time; rather, operations on an object may fail, signifying that it is not of a suitable type. Despite
being dynamically typed, Python is strongly typed, forbidding operations that are not well-defined (for example,
adding a number to a string) rather than silently attempting to make sense of them.
Python allows programmers to define their own types using classes, most often used for object-oriented
programming. New instances of classes are constructed by calling the class (for
example,  SpamClass()  or  EggsClass() ), and the classes are instances of the metaclass  type  (itself an instance of
itself), allowing metaprogramming and reflection.
Before version 3.0, Python had two kinds of classes (both using the same syntax): old-style and new-style,current
Python versions only support the semantics new style.
Python supports gradual typing.] Python's syntax allows specifying static types, but they are not checked in the
default implementation, CPython. An experimental optional static type-checker, mypy, supports compile-time type
checking.
LANGUAGES INFLUENCED BY PYTHON:
Python's design and philosophy have influenced many other programming languages:

 Boo uses indentation, a similar syntax, and a similar object model.

 Cobra uses indentation and a similar syntax, and its Acknowledgements document lists Python first among
languages that influenced it.
 CoffeeScript, a programming language that cross-compiles to JavaScript, has Python-inspired syntax.
 ECMAScript/JavaScript borrowed iterators and generators from Python.
 GDScript, a scripting language very similar to Python, built-in to the Godot game engine.
 Go is designed for the "speed of working in a dynamic language like Python" and shares the same syntax for
slicing arrays.
 Groovy was motivated by the desire to bring the Python design philosophy to Java.
 Julia was designed to be "as usable for general programming as Python".
 Mojo is currently a non-strict[(aims to be a strict) superset of Python (e.g. still missing classes, and adding
e.g. struct), and is up to 35,000x faster for some code (mandelbrot, since its embarrassingly parallel), where static
typing helps (and MLIR it's implemented with), and e.g. 4000x faster for matrix multiply. It's not yet open-
sourced, but that's the plan.
 Nim uses indentation and similar syntax.[219]
 Ruby's creator, Yukihiro Matsumoto, has said: "I wanted a scripting language that was more powerful than Perl,
and more object-oriented than Python. That's why I decided to design my own language."[220]
 Swift, a programming language developed by Apple, has some Python-inspired syntax.[221]
NON TECHNICAL
PRESENTATION
 TOPIC: SOCIAL MEDIA:

INTRODUCTION:
Social Media is a collective of online communication channels dedicated to community based
unput,interaction,sharing and websites and applications dedicated to forums,microblogging,social
networking,social bookmarking,social curation,and wikis are among the dfferent types of social
media.
WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA?
*Social Network
*User Generated Content(UGC)
*Social Bookmarking.

SOCIAL NETWORK:

*Online communities of people who share interests and activities,

*…or who are interested in exploring the interests and activities of

*example:Facebook,My space,Linkedln,Orkut

USER GENERATED MEDIA(UGM)

*Or Consumer Generated Media(CGM)
*Defined:Media Content that is publicly available and produced by end users.
*Usually supported by a Social Network
*examples:Blogs,Micro blogs,Youtube video,Flickr photos,Wiki content,Facebook wall post etc
SOCIAL BOOKMARKING:
*A method for internet users to store,organize,search,and manage bookmarks of web pages on the internet with the
help of metadata.
*based on communities;
___The more people who bookmark a piece of content,the more value it is determined to have.
*example:Digg,del.icio.us,Stumbleuponand reddit

ADVANTAGES:
*Compelling and Relevant content will grab the attention of potential customers and increase brand visibility.
*You can respond almost instantly to industry development and become heard in your field.
*It can be much cheaper than traditional advertising and promotional activities.
*Social content can indirectly boosts links to website content by appearing universal search results,improving search
traffic and online.

DISADVANTAGES:
*You will need to commit resources to managing your social media presence,responding to feedback and producing
new content.
*It can be difficult to qualify the return on investment and the value of oen channel over another.

CONCLUSION:

The use of social media aims to improve public perception,but the trust”s campaigns have also shown savings time
and money.
INTERVIEW SKILLS
 INTERVIEW SKILLS
WHAT IS AN INTERVIEW?

An INTERVIEW is an interaction between two or more persons usually with a question-answer

pattern.

PURPOSE OF AN INTERVIEW

The basic purpose of an interview is to have an interaction between the prospective employee
and the employer, which gives an opportunity to come out with a mutual understanding.

WHY IS INTERVIEW IMPORTANT?

Verification of the data given in the resume can be done easily.

An opportunity for the interview to know a candidate’s intelligent quotient and how interested
he is for the job.
Selection of a candidate can be done in a better way, as it is a direct way of interaction.

The key to preparing for an interview is self-analysis before an interview prior to appearing for
it. This can be done by questioning oneself from the point of view of the interviewer or panel of
interviewers.

TYPES OF INTERVIEWS

TYPES OF INTERVIEWS

I II III

BASED ON THE MODE BASED ON TYPES OF BASED ON FRAMING

OF CONDUCTION QUESTIONS OF THE QUESTIONS

TYPE I

BASED ON MODE OF

FACE - TO - FACE INTERVIEWS

PANEL INTERVIEWS

TELEPHONE INTERVIEWS

VIDEO INTERVIEWS

TYPE II

BASED ON TYPES OF QUESTIONS

STRESS INTERVIEWS

BEHAVIOURAL INTERVIEWS

TRADITIONAL INTERVIEWS
TYPE III

BASED ON FRAMING OF THE

QUESTIONS

STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

REQUIRED KEY SKILLS

 Communication and social skills

 Behavioral skills

 Analytical thinking

PREPARING FOR AN INTERVIEW

• BEFORE THE INTERVIEW

1. Know the company

2. Prepare questions

3. Dress properly

4. Things to be taken

a) Copies of resume
b) Passport-size photograph
c) Educational certificates

d) List of references
5. In the office, ask the receptionist about the name and designation of the
Interviewer.

• DURING THE INTERVIEW

1. Knock the door and ask for permission before you enter the room.

2. Greet the interviewer with a firm handshake and thank him/her when you are
offered a seat.
 3. Sit firmly and maintain eye contact with the interviewer.

4. Answer honestly.

5. Be precise in your answer

6. Maintain proper body language

7. Carry you resume with you

8. Focus on managing your stress

• AFTER THE INTERVIEW

1. Do not rush out after the interview.

2. Thank the interviewer for giving you the opportunity to be interviewed.

INTERVIEW ATTIRE

DO’S

• Dress conservatively

• Practice good grooming

• Do have clean hands and trimmed nails

• Do bring a clean notepad and pen that works

• Do wear shoes you can walk easily in

DON’T’S

• Don’t wear torn, soiled and wrinkled clothing

• Don’t wear a casual dress

• Don’t wear athletic shoes

• Don’t eat spicy, offensive smelling foods prior to the interview

• Don’t overdo perfume, makeup and aftershave

• Don’t cry carry a purse and a brief case

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Pitfalls to watch for:

• The handshake
 • Your posture

• Eye contact

• Your hands

• Don’t fidget

• Set the career goals and a list of rested questions

• Have a self-assessment, be creative and have the ability of decisiveness.

FREQUENTLY ASKED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Why Should I hire you?

As I am a fresher, I don’t have any experience But I am willing to work for you in any kind of
situation. I have the ability to work with your organization and I will prove myself.

2. What are your strengths and weakness?

My strengths are good communication skills and leadership qualities.

I got my confidence from my experience like I was able to manage 1000 members with a
different state of mind in my Tech fest as an organizer. I am a quick learner and I am ready to
work with a team with a positive attitude. Weakness is I cannot say no, when someone asks for
help.

3. What is the difference between confidence and overconfidence?

I am going to give my best in the interview to impress the panel members, this is confidence.I
know that the panel members will hire me at any cost, this is overconfidence.

4. What is the difference between hard work and smart work?

Hard work gives results but takes time. Smart work will give optimum results with less work
and within less time because smart work is an intangible asset of genius.

5. Why do you want to work at our company?

Why because it’s a great pleasure to work with your company. It will help me to explore my
skills and prove my ability and also gain experience. I think it will be a good platform to prove
myself.

6. Can you work under pressure?

I believe that if we love what we do we never feel the pressure. I always try to face challenges
in my life. Working under pressure is the opportunity to know about my ability and gain
confidence.

7. What are your goals?

My short-term goal is to get placed in a multinational company. My long-term goal is to see

myself as a successful person at a respectable position.

8. Are you willing to relocate or travel?

I don’t see any problem in relocating. Relocation means learning new things, interacting with
new people, a new culture that teaches us many more. As I like learning, relocation is not an
issue. It will give me a new experience and prove me a new experience and prove to be
beneficial for my personality development as well.
9. What makes you angry?

Whenever someone disturbs me a lot and underestimates my capability, I get angry but I try to
control my anger with a smile and handle the situation.

10. Give me an example of your creativity?

There is nothing like giving a particular example, but my creativity lies in every work that I do
daily. Always try to implement something new that makes hard work into smart work.

11. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?

As a young graduate, it has been always my dream to be part of this organization. If I am

selected, it will be my pleasure and I assure you that give my level best. If you recognize my
work and potential, I will be there with you always as long as you want me to stay in this
company.

12. Describe your ideal company’s location and job.

An ideal company is one where I can utilize my skills and abilities and gain more knowledge.

13. Explain how you would be an asset to this organization.

Employees are the asset of the company because the company’s growth depends on the
employee’s hard work, smartness and dedication.

14. Who has inspired you in your life and why?

Challenges inspire me the most because every challenge has taught me a lesson. They make my
life interesting. Prepare us to fight with our careers. It is the key to success if we want to reach
at the highest peak. It will be done by accepting challenges.

15. What do you know about this company?

You are one of the biggest content marketing agencies with a topnotch clientele. The reviews I
have read from both employees and clients only make me want to be a part of this fine
establishment more and more.

16. Why do you think you are the right candidate for this job?

As this is an agency, you have clients from different sectors, and I believe my versatility and
innovative creativity could be a helpful tool here. Moreover, I have the required qualifications
and skillsets.

17. What one achievement are you most proud of?

My relatives suggested that I opt for an arts and science degree since the engineering degree
would be too difficult for me. I was confident in my skills and potential and opted to take B.E
CSE. With my sheer hard work, I am maintaining a no-arrear status with a good CGPA. This is
an achievement according to me.

18. Can you handle working under pressure?

Yes. One unique quality about me is that I can work productively and calmly when under
pressure. When a crisis arises, I know that I need to keep myself calm because nothing else will
only worsen the situation, and working while feeling panicky will only delay progress.
19. What kind of working environment do you work best in?

I prefer an adaptive and energetic work environment but most of all, I believe that one works
best under a good leader. So, when it comes to the working environment, I prefer to work under
someone who motivates and has faith in his team members and encourages teamwork.

20. Have you ever thought of starting your own business?

As I am focused on my career, I do not think about starting my own company. For me, the
company I work in is my business. Win or lose, profit or loss, and we are all in the same boat,
so my main focus is on the company as that is where my career will grow.

21. Would you be willing to work overtime during nights and sometimes on weekends?

If I am a part of the company, it will be my responsibility to see its success, and when a
situation calls for “all hands-on deck” I will be there.

22. What are your hobbies?

I like to listen to a lot of learning courses, which help me in improving my skills. These audio
courses also keep me focused on my current tasks as they ensure I’m paying 100% attention to
the things I’m working on. In my spare time, I like to keep up with the news, possibly watch a
few films and spend time with my family.

23. How would you Handle a Disagreement with an Authority?

As Disagreements in the workplace are normal. I will make sure to handle them in a
professional manner. I will gently remind them that I Disagree, and I will also explain why.

24. Tell Me One Mistake You Regret.

There will always be mistakes made by people. In the past, my perfectionism has caused me to
lose patience. I’m working to overcome the challenge by turning it into my skill.

25. How quickly do you adapt to new technology?

I’m pretty tech-savvy. I’ve worked with a lot of different point to point service systems so far,
and have zero.
GROUP DISCUSSION
 GROUP DISCUSSION
What is a group discussion?

Group discussion (GD) is an effective way to look at an issue from various angles. When a topic
is discussed in a group all the participants come out with various ideas.GD has emerged as a tool
to measure one’s behavior and psychological attributes. An employer cannot take chances with
an employee. They cannot make all the candidates work and choose the best. Therefore, they
make the candidates go through various tests such as written tests, GD, interviews, etc.

Why is GD a part of the selection process?

The written test can only test the knowledge of the person. The interview can give an insight into
one’s emotional and intellectual quotients. But a GD can access one’s ability to measure
contributions towards the team’s goal and the way one can work under stress.

Structure of a GD:

A GD generally consists of 8-12 people. A topic is given to the participants with some time to
prepare before the actual commencement of the discussion.

It consists of a three-phased structure

Brainstorming: The session starts with an introduction and viewpoints of various members on
the given topic

Evaluation: Consists of real discussion where the participants discuss the topic with example.
Summary: In the end, comes the summary where somebody summarizes the discussion.

Types of GD:

Freewheeling:

The participants are given a room where they have to manage themselves deciding on a topic for
discussion in such a way as to arrange their seats in a circular fashion. After the discussion, the
examiner asks the questions relevant to the discussion.

Moderator-led:

It is analytical thinking of the participants the topic will be given some time period.

Detail observatory style:

It is the hi-tech method with close circuit cameras, monitoring the overall behavior of the
participants. An examiner observes the audiovisual aids from another room.

Kinds of topics:

1. Factual: “The state of women in India compare to other countries”

2. Controversial: “Should there be smaller states?”

3. Abstract: “Blue is better than red”

Keywords and views of GD:

When a topic is given find the keywords and ask yourself questions such as when, where,
who, what, how…, etc.

Categorization of participants:

Initiator: One who initiates the discussion.

Coordinator: One who makes the silent member talk.

Shaper: One who gives direction to the team

Finisher: One who keeps a check on time and makes the team finish the task on time.

Leader: One who leads the discussion.

Innovator: One who comes out with new ideas.

Conflict manager: One who takes care of smooth functioning.

Talking terror: One who keeps on speaking at length without giving any chance to others.

Silent member: One who hardly speaks but listens to others.

Improving the performance of GD:

1. Dress properly.

2. Be confident.

3. Keep a pen and a

paper. 4.Body language.

5.Don’t interrupt frequently.

6.Communication skills.

7.Initiate the discussion.

8.Don’t be aggressive.

9.Acknowledge other points.

10.Do not keep points in store.

11. Do not give personal experiences.

12. Be flexible.

13.Participate throughout.

14. Remember that you are in a team.

 15. Motivate others.

16.Summarize the discussion.

MOCK GROUP DISCUSSION

TOPIC: “LIFE WITHOUT A PHONE”

PARTICIPANT LIST:

1.Muhitram K S

2.DineshKumar.S

3.DivyaDharshini.P

4.Faustina Philomena Fernando

5.Firdous.R

6. GaneshKumar.S

7.GhajaLakshmi.M

8.GladysKirubhavathy.B

9.Gopinath.G

Candidate 1: It is difficult to imagine a life without phones!

Candidate 2: Yes. without phones, life would have been the same as a few decades ago, where
people used letters to communicate or perhaps a new type of communication tool would have
emerged

Candidate1: I agree It’s been more than a century since Alexander

Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876

Candidate 3: Yes, it’s a popular form of communication. Over the past few decades, phones
were made affordable to the common people and now instant communication is made possible
through phones

Candidate 4: We are dependent on phones more than we know. Well ,the phone is helping in
transforming our societies into inclusive societies. It is quite beneficial for differently-abled
people and senior citizen to live independently

Candidate 5: Not just for communication purposes. But phones are now used for many
purposes. They made our lives easier with the advancement of mobile phone technologies. Now,
we can order things by phone make payments, etc.,Without phones! These things would have
consumed more time.
Candidate 6: Yes, I agree with you all, Mobile phones are life-saving in emergencies. Without
phones, many lives would have been lost due to delay in informing

Candidate 7: People who lived before the era of the phone may be able to cope with life
without phones because they are already used to them. But we can’t imagine that situation.
Because the generation which was born after phones have become a common thing can find it
difficult to live without phones

Candidate 8: We agree Due to phones, now many people are preferring virtual lives to focusing
on maintaining real connections. With this, so many people are feeling lonely. This is causing
social anxiety issues too. Without phones, there would have been many more face-to-face
interactions.

Candidate 9: The invention of smartphones increased the number of distractions for us. Without
phones, our focus will improve

Candidate 8: Continuous use of phones and 24/7 availability is causing anxiety issues for many.
Earlier people used to ask whether they can meet, but now people are expecting 24/7 availability
on phones from everyone.

Candidate 6: Even though life without phones feels scary, using letters for normal
communication needs is not that bad. It can slow down our communication and hence can reduce
conflicts.

Candidate 9: Now digital detox is becoming famous. Pausing phones for a while helps in
leading a peaceful life and to understand how to utilize cell phones without getting trapped by
them.

Candidate 3: Finally, we conclude that Life without a phone is very difficult in the present times
because now we are so dependent on phones for communication. But once in a while, switching
off the phone helps us to reclaim our time and to focus on ourselves & our loved ones.
COVER LETTER AND
RESUME
 JOB APPLICATION COVER LETTER
MUHITRAM K S
No:113, Flat G1, Sri
Venkateshwara illam, Arokya
Street, , Virugambakkam,
Chennai-600092

Mr. Harish
173, Avvai Shanmugam Salai,
Will.Zoho Technology Private Limited,
Corporate office,
Chennai-600014.

Respected Sir\Madam
Subject: Application for software developer position
I’m excited to submit my application for the software developer position at Zoho Technology
Private Limited I saw listed on ww.t4e.info/Zoho. With a B.Tech in Information Technology and
over a year of hands-on experience building and Testing apps for iOS and Android, I’m
confident that I’d be a strong addition to your team.
While working as a software engineering intern at Macro works in Ann Arbor, Michigan, I
gained substantial experience identifying and fixing bugs, as well as coding in java, Python, and
Swift - all skills I’m confident would be useful at Zoho Technology Private. Additionally, I
leveraged my knowledge of Swift to help develop a Productivity app for iOS that allows
architects to render and edit blueprints. Before working at Macro works. I was a web
development intern at Spin.io in Detroit, Michigan, where I was Primarily responsible for fixing
bugs, implementing UI enhancements, maintaining pages via WordPress, and using HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript to build and enhance web pages, I also assisted in the development and rollout
of a widget that helps cyclists locate their nearest bike lane, which is now one of Spin.io’s most
popular products. Interning at these companies provided me the opportunity to put my coding
knowledge to work – developing and testing products for the marketplace.
At both Macro works and Spin.io I demonstrated my ability to hit deadlines, maintain strong
attention to detail, and produce top-notch code, I’m confident my skills will be put to good use
at Zoho Technology Private Limited, and I look forward to speaking with you further about the
software development position.
For your convenience. I’ve attached a resume that further outlines my relevant skill set,
accomplishment, and experience. Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to
hearing from you soon.

Yours Sincerely,

(Muhitram K S)
 RESUME WRITING

What is resume?
A resume is a brief, concise document that advertises one’s most relevant and positive
credentials for employment or other professional purposes.

Why are resumes written?

1. To persuade your employers that you are the best person for the job.
2. To construct professional image of yourself and establish your credibility.
3. To provide a sample of your written communication skill.
4. To convince prospective employers that you deserve and interview.

What kind of resume should you write?

You need to create more than one kind of resume. Your resumes will grow and change
dramatically as you travel down your career parts. One needs to think of one’s overall job search
strategy and makes some decisions about current resume technologies.
1. Overall job search strategies mean approaches.
2. Technological considerations.
3. Questions to ask.

Tips for a Good Resume:

• Have clear career objectives.
• Limit your resume to one or one and half page at the most.
• Do not present clumsy resumes.
• Use bold typeface.
• Use all capitals for section heads only.
• Avoid italic typeface.
• Use margins generously.

• Use “ragged right layout”.

• Avoid hyphens.
• Use single line space between lines.
• Use bullet points to highlight accomplishments.
• Keep bulleted items to two or three lines.
• Avoid lengthy sentences and paragraphs.
 RESUME
MUHITRAM K S
No:113, Flat G1, Sri
Venkateshwara illam, Arokya
Street, , Virugambakkam,
Chennai-600092

[email protected]

Mobile:9500634910

Career Objective: My Objective is to achieve a responsible position and explore myself more
efficiently in an industry. My Goal also includes learning new technologies which will be
introduced in upcoming years and contribute my best skills to the company. I would like to
expand my knowledge by working hard and learning as much as possible.

Academic Details:
SSLC [2018] with aggregate of 90% from Balalok matriculation higher secondary school.
HSC [2020] with aggregate of 80% from Sir AVM rajeswari matriculation higher secondary
school.
B.Tech(IT) [2024] with aggregate of 8.6 CGPA from Meenakshi College Of Enginnering.
Project Details:
Project:1
Title: Notes and Password manager
Description: Programming Language: OOPS, JAVA
Note taking is a very good habit to organize our daily life. This is an online android application
which helps to take notes at anytime and helps to generate a very strong password for your
account security and makes the same available whenever you need. Basically it is a two in one
application.
Duration: 20 Hours.
Team size: 02.
Project:2
Title: Official College Website
Description: Programming Language: PHP, HTML, SQL, Front-End, Back-End.
This is a Web oriented application that allows us to access the whole information about the
college, staffs, students, facilities etc. This application provides a virtual tour of campus.
Duration: 3 months.
Team Size: 16.
Role: Front-End Developer.
Field of Interest:
Solving general problem statements of C, C++, JAVA and analyzing them.
Web Surfing to learn new things.
Skills:
Programming Language: Python, C, C++
Data Structures
Database- MY SQL.
Industrial Exposure:
Netsoft Software Company, Kerala
Spectrum Softtech Solutions, Kerala.

Achievements:
Achieved First Rank in TOC (5TH Semester) by Securing O Grade.
Achieved Highest mark in Mathematics in HSC at School Level.
Course Studied: Core JAVA (SQL, J2EE, Web Tech Services, Framework (Springboot and
Hybernates)- From January 2022- May 2022.
Curricular Activities:
Successfully Completed Internship in Solar Panel Installation.
Participated in Technical Quiz Competition based on Python Programming named “TECHNO
MANIA”
Successfully Completed Model GATE and CAT exam conducted by TIME
Institution. Rajapuraskar Award holder of the Bharat Scout and Guide Movement.
Participated in e-waste management program.

Strength and Hobbies:

I am a curious, tolerant, knowledgeable, hardworking and trust worthy person.
Reserch in Genealogy.
Numismatics, Philathely.
Listening Music, travelling.

Declaration:
I am keen to continue my career and prepared to work hard in order to achieve my organization
objectives and I hereby declare that the information furnished above is true to the best of my
knowledge.
ERROR CORRECTION
 ERROR CORRECľION
Find the correct sentence from the sentences given below:
1.(a)Many peoples attended the funeral of the great man.
(b)Many people attended the funeral of the great man.

2.(a)The shepherd took the cattle to the field.

(b)The shepherd took the cattles to the field.

3.(a)Sita could not understands what the teacher was saying.

(b)Sita could not understand what the teacher was saying.

4.(a)Do you know the importance of clean water?

(b)Do you know the importance for clean water?

5.(a)Laugh is the best medicine.

(b)Laughter is the best medicine.

6.(a)The flock of sheep blocked the road.

(b)The flock of sheeps blocked the road.

7.(a)The children was playing in the Giant’s garden.

(b)The children were playing in the Giant’s Garden.

8.(a)The children decided to surprise Miss Holmes on teacher’s day.

(b)The children decided to surprise Miss Holmes on teachers’ day.

9.(a)I saw Richard when I’m on the flight.

(b)I saw Richard when I was on the flight.

10.(a)Man has depended on nature for a long time.

(b)Man have depended on nature for a long time.

11.(a)Ramu is a honest man.

(b)Ramu is an honest man.

12.(a)Bread and butter is Sheldon’s favourite breakfast.

(b)Bread and butter are Sheldon’s favourite breakfast.

13.(a)Birds of feathers flock together.

(b)Birds of a feather flock together.

14.(a)The teacher called me at 12 o’clock.

(b)The teacher called me on 12 o’clock.

15.(a)The sweets was distributed between all the children.

(b)The sweets were distributed among all the children.

16.(a)I’m used to getting up early, so I don’t mind coming in at 7 a.m.

(b)I’m used to get up early, so I don’t mind coming in at 7 a.m.

17.(a)I haven’t replied his email yet.

(b)I haven’t replied to his email yet.

18.(a)We’re going to the beach tomorrow even though it rains.

(b)We’re going to the beach tomorrow even if it rains.

19.(a)In spite of being sick, I came to work.

(b)In spite of I was sick, I came to work.

20.(a)Although I was sick, I came to work.

(b)Although being sick, I came to work.

21.(a)I stopped to work at 6 p.m. last night.

(b)I stopped working at 6 p.m. last night.

22.(a)Could you tell me what time it is?

(b)Could you tell me what time is it?

23.(a)I don’t have no money.

(b)I don’t have any money.

24.(a)Do you want me to make breakfast?

(b)Do you want that I make breakfast?

25.(a)It was more then enough.

(b)It was more than enough.

THANK YOU