Review of Related Literature

Arts and design education has gained increasing importance in the 21st century,

particularly in relation to technology-based art subjects. Students enrolled in the arts and design

track face unique challenges as they strive to integrate technology into their creative practices.

This study aims to explore the experiences of arts and design track students in technology-based

art subjects, identify the challenges they encounter, and determine the types of support and

training that can assist them in overcoming these challenges. Additionally, the study aims to

investigate the strategies students use to stay updated with the latest technology and tools

relevant to their field. By addressing these research objectives, this study seeks to contribute to a

better understanding of the challenges faced by arts and design track students in technology-

based art education and provide insights for improving their learning experiences.

In order to establish a solid foundation for understanding the key concepts explored in

this study, it is essential to provide clear definitions of the key terms used. This section aims to

define and elucidate the key terms that are central to the research. By establishing a common

understanding of these terms, readers can navigate through the subsequent discussions with

clarity and coherence. The key terms to be defined in this section include "arts and design track,"

"technology-based art subjects," "challenges," and “knowledge and skills.” Understanding these

terms will enable readers to grasp the context and significance of the study's focus on the

challenges faced by arts and design track students in technology-based art subjects.

Arts and design track refers to an educational program or course of study that focuses on

artistic and design disciplines. This track allows students to discover their interests in fields such

as media and visual arts, performing arts, and literary arts (DepEd, n.d.). Students enrolled in the
arts and design track pursue careers in the creative industry and engage in artistic and

performative endeavors.

Technology-based art subjects are artistic subjects that heavily rely on digital or

technological tools for creation and expression. These subjects encompass a wide range of

artistic practices, including computer graphics, animation, virtual and augmented reality,

interactive installations, and multimedia. Technology-based art subjects involve the integration

of technological advancements and digital mediums into the artistic process, enabling artists to

explore new forms of artistic expression and engage with audiences in innovative ways

(Thomson-Jones & Moser, 2022).

Challenges, in the context of this study, refer to the obstacles and difficulties encountered

by arts and design track students when engaging with technology-based art subjects. These

challenges may encompass a range of aspects, including technical skills and knowledge, access

to resources and technology, conflicts between traditional artistic practices and technology-based

approaches, and the need to stay updated with the rapidly evolving technological landscape.

Understanding these challenges is crucial in developing effective strategies and interventions to

support arts and design track students in their pursuit of technology-based art education.

Knowledge and Skill, in the context of this study, are fundamental components of arts

and design education. Knowledge refers to the understanding and awareness of concepts,

theories, techniques, and historical contexts relevant to arts and design. It encompasses

knowledge of artistic principles, design principles, art history, cultural influences, and

technological advancements in the field. (Ark Blake Academy, n.d.) Skill, on the other hand,

pertains to the practical abilities and proficiencies acquired through practice and experience. It

involves the application of technical expertise, creative problem-solving, critical thinking, and
craftsmanship in the production of artistic works. In the realm of technology-based art subjects,

knowledge and skill encompass not only traditional artistic competencies but also proficiency in

utilizing digital tools, software applications, and emerging technologies (NCZ, 2017). The

acquisition and development of knowledge and skill are integral to the growth and success of arts

and design track students in effectively integrating technology into their artistic endeavors.

Arts and design education plays a crucial role in fostering creativity and providing

numerous benefits for students. It involves integrating artistic principles and practices into

various educational settings, promoting self-expression, critical thinking, and problem-solving

skills. Additionally, the integration of technology in arts and design education has further

expanded the possibilities for artistic exploration and expression. (CIIT College of Arts and

Technology, n.d.)

Arts and design education fosters creativity by encouraging students to think outside the

box, explore different perspectives, and engage in imaginative processes. Through various

artistic mediums such as visual arts, graphic design, product design, fashion design, interior

design, and architecture, students are given the opportunity to express themselves artistically,

communicate ideas visually, and develop their unique artistic styles (CIIT College of Arts and

Technology, n.d.).

Moreover, arts and design education provide several benefits for students. It enhances

their cognitive abilities, including improved memory, attention span, and spatial reasoning skills.

Additionally, it promotes emotional well-being by offering a means of self-expression and

serving as a platform for exploring and processing emotions. Students also develop critical

thinking skills as they analyze and interpret various artistic works, evaluate their own creations,

and make informed artistic decisions (Kisida & Bowen, 2019)

opening up new avenues for creativity and artistic exploration (Paterson, 2022). Technology-

based art subjects encompass computer-generated or manipulated creations, such as computer

graphics, animation, virtual and augmented reality, interactive installations, and multimedia

(NCZ, 2017). By incorporating technology, students can experiment with digital tools and

software, enabling them to produce innovative and visually captivating artistic works.

In the realm of technology-based art education, several factors contribute to the

challenges faced by students. These challenges can hinder their ability to effectively integrate

technology with their artistic vision. Understanding these factors is essential for developing

strategies and interventions to address the difficulties encountered in technology-based art

subjects.

One significant factor that contributes to the challenges is the lack of technical skills and

knowledge among arts and design track students. Many students may come from non-technical

backgrounds and have limited experience with digital tools and software applications. The rapid

advancements in technology require a certain level of proficiency to utilize these tools

effectively. Insufficient knowledge and skills in utilizing technology can impede students' ability

to fully explore and leverage its potential in their creative endeavors. Therefore, bridging this gap

by providing technical training and support is crucial (Tusiime, Johannesen, & Gudmundsdottir,

2020).

Another factor is the limited access to technology and resources. The integration of

technology in art education necessitates access to appropriate hardware, software, and resources.

However, not all students may have equal access to such resources. Financial constraints, lack of

infrastructure, and inadequate availability of technology-related facilities can restrict students'

access to technology and resources is essential to provide students with equal opportunities to

engage in technology-based art subjects (Hayhurst, 2021).

Conflicts between traditional artistic practices and technology-based approaches also

contribute to the challenges faced by students. Students who have been trained in traditional art

forms may find it challenging to adapt to the integration of digital tools and techniques. There

can be a perceived conflict between traditional art principles, such as manual craftsmanship and

tactile experiences, and the digital nature of technology-based art subjects. Balancing and

reconciling these two realms of artistic expression can pose a significant challenge for students

as they navigate between traditional and contemporary approaches. Therefore, promoting a

harmonious integration of traditional and technology-based approaches can help students

overcome these challenges (CIIT College of Arts and Technology, n.d.).

Understanding these factors is crucial for devising effective strategies and interventions

to address the challenges faced by arts and design track students in technology-based art

education. By providing targeted support in developing technical skills and knowledge, ensuring

equitable access to technology and resources, and facilitating the integration of traditional and

technology-based approaches, educators can empower students to overcome these challenges and

fully leverage the potential of technology in their artistic pursuits.

To address the challenges faced by students in technology-based art education, various

instructional approaches and pedagogical strategies can be implemented. These strategies aim to

enhance learning experiences, promote skill development, and facilitate the integration of

technology into artistic practices.

traditional classroom instruction with online learning platforms and resources (Singh, Steele, &

Singh, 2022). This approach allows students to access educational materials, tutorials, and

interactive tools outside of the classroom, enabling self-paced learning and individualized

instruction. Blended learning also encourages collaborative learning, as students can engage in

online discussions, share their artistic projects, and receive feedback from peers and teachers.

Another pedagogical strategy is project-based learning, where students actively engage in

real-world projects that require the application of technology-based art skills. By working on

authentic art projects, students can develop practical skills, problem-solving abilities, and a

deeper understanding of the creative process. This approach encourages hands-on learning,

fosters creativity, and promotes critical thinking and innovation (The University of Queensland,

n.d.).

Limited access to technology and resources can pose significant challenges for students

in technology-based art education. (Wiggins, 2020) To address this issue, it is crucial to ensure

equitable access to technology and necessary resources for all students.

Schools can invest in hardware and software resources, establish well-equipped computer

labs or creative spaces, and form partnerships with external organizations to secure additional

funding or donations to support the procurement of technology resources. Collaborations with

local art studios, design firms, or technology companies can provide students with opportunities

to access advanced technology tools and gain industry exposure.

The expertise and skills of teachers play a vital role in addressing challenges in

technology-based art education. Providing professional development and training opportunities

innovative teaching methods.

Workshops, seminars, and training sessions can be organized to familiarize teachers with

the latest advancements in technology relevant to the field of art and design. These sessions can

cover topics such as computer graphics, animation software, web design, and digital multimedia

production. By equipping teachers with up-to-date knowledge and skills, they can effectively

guide and support students in their exploration of technology-based art subjects.

Collaboration between teachers, industry professionals, and technology experts can also

facilitate knowledge exchange and professional growth. Guest lectures, mentorship programs, or

partnerships with local artists and professionals can expose teachers to current trends, industry

practices, and emerging technologies, enabling them to provide relevant and engaging instruction

to students.

In summary, the literature review underscores the growing importance of arts and design

education, particularly in the context of technology-based art subjects, in the 21st century. The

study aims to explore the experiences of arts and design track students, identify the challenges

they face, and determine the necessary support and training to overcome these challenges. It

emphasizes the significance of knowledge and skill acquisition in arts and design education,

encompassing both traditional artistic competencies and proficiency in utilizing digital tools. The

integration of technology in arts and design education offers new possibilities for creativity and

artistic exploration. However, students encounter obstacles such as limited technical skills,

inadequate access to technology and resources, and conflicts between traditional and technology-

based approaches. To address these challenges, the review suggests implementing instructional

approaches like blended learning and project-based learning, ensuring equitable access to
technology and resources, and providing professional development opportunities for teachers. By

addressing these areas, the research aims to enhance the learning experiences of arts and design

track students and contribute to the advancement of technology-based art education.

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