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Normal Forms

The document discusses database normalization. It describes the first three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) which provide guidelines for structuring databases to eliminate duplicative or unrelated data. 1NF requires each column contain a single value and each row be uniquely identifiable. 2NF builds on 1NF by removing duplicative subsets of data into separate tables linked by foreign keys. 3NF builds on 2NF by removing columns not directly related to the primary key.

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Chingez Khan
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46 views

Normal Forms

The document discusses database normalization. It describes the first three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) which provide guidelines for structuring databases to eliminate duplicative or unrelated data. 1NF requires each column contain a single value and each row be uniquely identifiable. 2NF builds on 1NF by removing duplicative subsets of data into separate tables linked by foreign keys. 3NF builds on 2NF by removing columns not directly related to the primary key.

Uploaded by

Chingez Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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-1- Database Practice questions AL-CS 9608

The Normal Forms


The database community has developed a series of guidelines for ensuring that
databases are normalized. These are referred to as normal forms and are numbered
from one (the lowest form of normalization, referred to as first normal form or 1NF)
through five (fifth normal form or 5NF). In practical applications, you'll often
see 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF.

Before we begin our discussion of the normal forms, it's important to point out that they
are guidelines and guidelines only. Occasionally, it becomes necessary to stray from
them to meet practical business requirements. However, when variations take place, it's
extremely important to evaluate any possible ramifications they could have on your
system and account for possible inconsistencies. That said, let's explore the normal
forms.

First Normal Form (1NF)


First normal form (1NF) sets the very basic rules for an organized database:
 Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
 Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a
unique column or set of columns (the primary key).

Second Normal Form (2NF)


Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative data:
 Meet all the requirements of the first normal form.
 Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in
separate tables.
 Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the use
of foreign keys.

Third Normal Form (3NF)


Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further:
 Meet all the requirements of the second normal form.
 Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key.

Compiled By: Asim Ali Khan


0333-4316006
-2- Database Practice questions AL-CS 9608

Compiled By: Asim Ali Khan


0333-4316006
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Compiled By: Asim Ali Khan


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Compiled By: Asim Ali Khan


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Compiled By: Asim Ali Khan


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Compiled By: Asim Ali Khan


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