Exponential Functions PBL
Exponential Functions PBL
Exponential Functions
Math I
Project Idea:
You are an environmental scientist hired by the United States government to advise them as they take steps to lead in a
worldwide effort to face a global environmental crisis. You will focus your research on the population growth rate and
investigate the effect on a related item such as waste, food, disease, life expectancy/mortality rate, poverty, inflation or
national debt. Identify an issue related to the global situation, which exhibits characteristics of change that can be
modeled by an exponential function. Prepare a presentation that includes multiple representations of the data and well
justified predictions using this data.
Entry Event:
Show a video clip from “An Inconvenient Truth” or show pictures or one of the video clips available from
www.climateclassroom.org or http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Global-Warming.aspx
Performance Objectives:
Know
The definition of overpopulation
The meaning of exponent
When a table of values has an exponential pattern
The difference between growth and decay
What the graph of the exponential parent function looks like
Do
Simplify numeric and algebraic expressions containing exponents
Perform a regression using a graphing calculator
Graph an exponential function given a table of values
Assessment Plan:
Knowledge and Skills Needed Already Have Taught Before Taught During
Learned the Project the Project
1. Apply exponent rules X
2. Simplify numerical and algebraic expressions X
containing exponents
3. Perform regressions on a graphing calculator X
4. Graph equations on a graphing calculator X
5. Determine the function of best fit X
6. Make predictions using multiple representations X
7. Graph exponential functions X
8, Distinguish between exponential growth and decay X
9. Search and navigate online to access relevant X
information
10. Collaboration skills X
11. Presentations skills X
12. Technology skills that focus on integrating X
presentation software with tables and graphs
Resources:
School-based Individuals:
Environmental science teacher
Technology:
Computers with internet access and printer
Computer algebra software
Graphing calculators
Word processing/spreadsheet/publishing software
http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol7/operations_exponents.html
http://www.coolmath.com/algebra/Algebra1/index.html#Algebra_1:Polynomial,
Community:
Environmental scientist/engineer
DNR employee
Materials:
Pennies
Cups and plates
Created by Cheryl Reger, NBCT
Websites:
Population Growth:
www.bioquest.org/products/files/197_Growth_models.pdf
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/exponential-growth.html
Week 1
Assign students to groups according to their personal style. The activity to determine this style can be found at -
http://www.nsrfharmony.org/system/files/protocols/north_south_1.pdf.
Assign groups by mixing up the styles as much as possible. One of each style per group works well.
After assigning groups, give them time to talk to each other about their individual style, strengths, and weaknesses.
Students will take notes about members of the group and keep this as an artifact for the project.
Plan other activities to help students see the importance and meaning of collaboration. Some team building activities can
be found at http://wilderdom.com/games/descriptions.
Launch the project by showing a video clip about some aspect of the global crisis. Give students a chance to raise
questions and share concerns after the video. Share the project idea so everyone has a shared meaning of its connection
to the driving question and what it means to them as inhabitants of the earth. Discuss the goals of the project so that the
learning targets are clear. This is also a good time for groups to complete the KWL.
Each group is expected to compose their own contract. They can use the internet as a resource to help them with ideas
to include. After they determine the role of each student in the group, this should be included in the contract. Each
student will sign the contract and it will be kept on file in the group folder.
Each student will keep a journal where they will keep written documentation of their work. Two journal prompts
(Investigating Data and Can Recycling Help?) are suggested to assess understanding. Others can be added as
necessary. The Journal Prompts Rubric can be used to assess each entry.
Week 2
This time will be used to develop strategies for analyzing patterns. Provide opportunities to look at a variety of types of
data so that students begin to see that nonlinear functions exist in the real-world.
Introduce the graphing calculator as a tool for finding patterns. Use the calculator to find regression equations by
following the directions that follow.
Technology connection: Show students how they can use the TI83/84 graphing calculator to enter data. The resulting
equation represents the pattern you are seeking.
Directions:
Using the STAT menu EDIT a table to enter the data into the calculator. Enter the values X 1, Y1, X2, Y2, …
Turn on STAT PLOT and select Zoom 9 to see a scatter plot of the data
Go to the CALC menu in the STAT menu and select ExpReg (or whatever type of regression the data appears to
suggest). The values for the equation are returned.
The equation for the regression function can be placed in the Y = option by starting with the Y = menu and having
the cursor in Y1 = position.
From the VARS menu, select STATISTICS, then EQ and RegEq.
Press ENTER to complete the operation.
Pressing GRAPH causes the graph to be displayed.
After adequate practice assign the Calculators for Dummies Academic Prompt for each team to complete. They can
research types of graphic organizers to use for their product.
Week 3
Use the Exponential Decay with Pennies investigation to generate real data that represents exponential decay. Teams
should work together, but the data can be generated by pairs so they can compare results. This investigation will help
students visualize what exponential decay data looks like.
Week 4
http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/ Intermediate Algebra > Exponential & Logarithmic Functions > Project 294
This online investigation focuses on the AIDS Epidemic and is a good source of exponential data to explore. It will help
the students to think about the driving question and the goals of the project. They should be researching the topic so that
they can begin to put together a presentation.
The Birthday Happiness Academic Prompt is an assessment that drives students to explore interest as an exponential
function. They will be working on this prompt individually while working on the final product as a group.
Differentiate by supplying the website http://regentsprep.org/REgents/math/ALGEBRA/AE7/ExpDecayL.htm for students
who need help understanding the problem.
If students need other explorations, visit thinkfinity.com and search for exponential.
Week 5
Focus this week is on the Global Crisis Project. Groups will need time to collaborate as each member carries out their
tasks. Teams practice their presentation on each other in preparation for the presentation before a more official audience
representing the government. The Practice Presentation Checklist can be used to help teams improve their final product.
After final projects are presented, students will complete the Student Self Reflection, Team Final Evaluation, and Project
Debrief.
Differentiation: Exponents will emerge as part of the study of patterns and exponential functions. Use of exponents
throughout the various tasks will provide enough practice for many students. The following web resources can be used
for students who need extra practice.
Activity to review order of operations including exponents:
http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol7/operations_exponents.html
Activity to develop and practice rules of exponents:
http://www.coolmath.com/algebra/Algebra1/index.html#Algebra_1:Polynomial,
Practice using rules:
http://www.kutasoftware.com/freeia2.html
Project Evaluation:
Students will complete the Student Self Reflection, Team Final Evaluation, and Project Debrief.
Key Words:
contextual situations
exponential functions
modeling with exponential functions
exponential growth and decay
KWL revised
Self reflection
Members of the group will assume the following roles. The responsibilities of each role include, but are
not limited to the following:
Team leader: The team leader keeps all members of the group on task and keeps a task management
chart. They make sure that each member participates fully and shows respect for one another.
Recorder: The recorder maintains the group work folder, writes out solutions to problems, and facilitates
the preparation of materials for presentations.
Reporter: The reporter reports progress to the group, class, and instructor. They facilitate any oral
presentations required for the project.
Process director: The process director maintains the ground rules, monitors time, cleans up materials,
and makes sure each group member is mastering concepts.
Floater (in groups of five): The floater assists the leader or other group members as needed. They will
substitute for any absent member and assume their duties.
Participant: All members of the group are expected to participate fully. As a participant, they will take
part in all activities of the group and keep a journal.
Team Expectations
Each member of the group is expected to pull their weight as part of the group. To prevent any member
of the group from receiving a lower grade as a result of group learning, you will compose a group contract
that every member will sign. Use the Internet to research contracts that could help you with some ideas.
Be sure to include behaviors you expect from each individual as well as the group as a whole. Each
member must sign the contract and designate which of the above roles they will be assuming.
Individual
Group
o Team contract
o KWL
o Information sources
o Practice Presentation
KWL
Participates in discussion
Comments _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Date ______________________________
Exemplary Response accurately addresses each part of the journal prompt and goes
beyond the requirements of the prompt.
Advanced Response accurately addresses all parts of the journal prompt but does not go
beyond the requirements of the prompt.
Developing Response meets most of the requirements of the prompt with some parts
missing or inaccurate.
Limited Response meets few of the requirements of the prompt and may contain
inaccurate information.
Look in newspapers, magazines, or the internet to find at least three different sets of date to explore.
Record and analyze each set of data to determine if it appears to be exponential or if some other type of
function is a better model. Provide a scatter plot of the data and justify your function choice.
According to USA TODAY, recycling is bringing cell phones back to life, keeping them out of landfills.
The following data represents growth in cell phones collected by the largest recycler.
Year Recycled Cell Phones (in
millions)
2004 2
2005 2.1
2006 3.3
2007 4
2008 5.5
(USA TODAY, March 13, 2009)
Graph the data and determine if it is a good example of exponential growth, exponential decay, or neither.
Justify you conclusion.
You are a technical writer for a publishing company. The company is publishing a book titled,
“Calculators for Dummies.” You have been asked to write directions for performing an exponential
regression on a graphing calculator. The title should include the brand and model of the calculator. The
steps should begin with turning the calculator on and proceed until the line is graphed. Use a graphic
organizer such as a flow chart or flow map to create a detailed outline of the steps you will follow.
1 My title includes the brand and model of the calculator that I used. ___ /05
2 The steps I used in my flowchart are in the correct order. ___ /25
3 I have included all the necessary steps in my flowchart. ___ /25
4 I have included adequate detail so the flowchart is easy to follow. ___ /15
5 My flowchart is neat and easy to read. ___ /20
6 I use correct grammar and spelling in my end product. ___ /10
Total ___/100
1 My title includes the brand and model of the calculator that I used.
___ /05
2 The steps I used in my flowchart are in the correct order.
___ /25
3 I have included all the necessary steps in my flowchart.
___ /25
4 I have included adequate detail so the flowchart is easy to follow.
___ /15
5 My flowchart is neat and easy to read.
___ /20
6 I use correct grammar and spelling in my end product.
___ /10
Total ___/100
Set up: Provide each group with a paper plate and a cup containing 100 pennies.
Experiment:
1. Dump the pennies on the plate and spread them into a single layer. Remove those pennies with
the head showing and place them aside (in a second cup).
2. Count the number of pennies remaining on the plate and record this number. Return these
pennies to the original cup.
3. Mix the pennies in the cup and repeat the above procedure 4 more times, recording the
remaining pennies each time.
Data collected:
Total number of pennies in the cup initially: _______________.
Graph:
Enter the above data into a graphing calculator and find the regression equation.
What type of regression is the best fit for the data?
You have just turned 16 years old and received more money for your birthday than any year in the past.
Your parents convince you that instead of spending it on video games, you should invest it in an interest
bearing account that will grow to an even larger sum of money. They suggest that you perform some
research to find the best investment available so that the money will work to make the most money
possible. Find at least two options for investing your $250 for a five year period and determine the value
of your money at the end of five years. Represent each option using a table and a graph, and use an
equation to help you explain the relationship between the two representations.
1 I find at least two options for investing my $250 for a 5 year period
___ /20
2 I use each of the two options to determine the value of my money at the end of
five years
___ /20
3 I accurately represent each option using a table.
___ /10
4 I accurately represent each option using a graph.
___ /10
5 I find an equation to represent each option.
___ /10
6 I use my equation to explain the relationship between the table and the graph.
___ /20
7 I use correct grammar and spelling in my end product
. ___ /10
Total ___/100
1 I find at least two options for investing my $250 for a 5 year period
___ /20
2 I use each of the two options to determine the value of my money at the end of
five years
___ /20
3 I accurately represent each option using a table.
___ /10
4 I accurately represent each option using a graph.
___ /10
5 I find an equation to represent each option.
___ /10
6 I use my equation to explain the relationship between the table and the graph.
___ /20
7 I use correct grammar and spelling in my end product.
___ /10
Total ___/100
Comments
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
I offered suggestions
I stayed on task
I met deadlines
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
How well do you think you met the requirements of the project?
Level
Your
Component Estimate Actual Comments
Combined research with mathematical 20
reasoning to identify relevant data that
could be modeled by an exponential
function.
Cooperative behavior 20
Total 50
WORK DISTRIBUTION GRAPH: As you think about the project, make a circle graph that shows the
percentage you think each of your team members contributed.
Team Leader
Person responsible:
Level
Your
Component Estimate Actual Comments
Keeps all members of the group on 10
task
Participates fully 10
Total 100
Participates fully 10
Total 100
Participates fully 10
Total 100
Cleans up materials 10
Participates fully 10
Total 100
Participates fully 10
Total 100
Name _____________________________________
Reflection is an important part of any project. Please answer the following questions in a
thoughtful manner. Be specific with your comments.
Was there a part of the project you liked or did not like? Explain.
Was enough time allocated for each task in the project? Give details.
Other comments?