10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 21:
Illustrating and Proving
Theorems on Secants, Tangents,
Segments, and Sectors of a
Circle

CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 21: Illustrating and Proving Theorems on Secants, Tangents,
Segments, and Sectors of a Circle
First Edition, 2020

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 21:
Illustrating and Proving
Theorems on Secants, Tangents,
Segments, and Sectors of a
Circle
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module contains activities, discussions and practice exercises on

secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a circle.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
 Illustrate secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle,
 Identify secant, tangents, segments, and sectors given an illustration,
 Proves theorems on secants, tangents and segments, and
 Find an unknown measurement of an angle and segments formed when
secants and tangents intersect in a point inside, on and outside a circle.

What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following line segments intersects a circle at exactly two

points?

A. line C. secant
B. ray D. tangent

2. Which of the following is the region bounded by two radii of the circle and
their intercepted arc?

A. area C. sector
B. circumference D. semicircle

1 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
3. How many pairs of common tangents can be drawn from the circles in
Figure 1?

Figure 1

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

For items 4-8. In Figure 2, ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷, and ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺 are tangent segments of ⊙C

Figure 2

4. Which of the following are the intercepted arcs of ∠𝐷𝐹𝐺?

A. DG and DBG C. BG and EB

B. EB and DG D. DG and BG

5. If 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐵=84, then what is the 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐶=_______.

A. 16° C. 42°
B. 31° D. 168°

̅̅̅̅ is 12. Which of the following is the

6. In the given figure, if measure of AB
measurement of ̅̅̅̅
AD?
A. 3 C. 8
B. 6 D. 12

7. Find the measurement of ∠F given that mDG =78.

A. 39° C. 141°
B. 102° D. 156°

2 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
8. Which of the following is the m∠𝐴𝐵𝐶?
A. 100° C. 60°
B. 90° D. 45°

For items 9-13. Refer to Figure 3.

Figure 3

9. If ̅̅̅̅
BC = 12 and ̅̅̅̅
GC = 6, then which of the following is the length of ̅̅̅̅
EG?
A. 12 C. 24
B. 18 D. 72

10. If ̅̅̅̅ FB = 6, and ̅̅̅̅

AF = 8, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅?
FG= 2, then which of the following is EF
A. 10 C. 16
B. 12 D. 24

11. If m∠𝐴𝐹𝐺 = 70 and m AG = 80, then which of the following is m BE ?

A. 60° C. 80°
B. 70° D. 220°

12. If m AB = 110 , m AG = 60 , and m BE = 100, then m∠𝐶=____.

A. 100° C. 50°
B. 75° D. 25°

13. If m AB = 110, then which of the following is the 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶?

A. 55° C. 110°
B. 90° D. 220°

14. The following statement is a theorem on two tangents intersecting outside

a circle.

3 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure
of the angle formed is one-half the difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

Which of the following is needed to show to prove the theorem?

A. ∠BAE is an angle formed by ⃡𝐴𝐵 and ⃡𝐴𝐸 outside the circle.
B. ∠BAE intercepts BE and EDB.
C. mBE < m EDB
1
D. ∠BAE = (m EDB- mBE)
2

15. Which of the following describes a major sector of a circle?

A. A region bounded by two radii and an arc of the circle.

B. A region bounded by two radii and an arc which measures 90°
C. A region bounded by two radii and an arc which measures 180°
D. A region bounded by two radii and an arc which measure 200°.

Did you answer all the items correctly? Don’t worry if you did not get them
correctly, but do remember them so that in the end of the module you will be
able to get them right. Now you are to start with the lesson.

What’s In

Before we proceed to our lesson, we need to review related concepts

discussed in your Math 8 and concepts discussed in the previous modules.
Activity 1 is a review on the Properties of Equality and Congruence, and
Activity 2 is a review on chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles.

4 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
Activity 1: Match Me

Match the mathematical statement in Column A by drawing an arrow to the

corresponding property of equality or congruence in Column B. You can
match more than one mathematical statement to one property. Write the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Mathematical Statements Property of Equality or Congruence

1. 𝑚AB̅̅̅̅ = 𝑚AB ̅̅̅̅ a. Addition Property of Equality

̅̅̅̅≅𝐴𝐵
2. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
3. If 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ , then b. Subtraction Property of
̅̅̅̅ + 𝐸𝐹
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷̅̅̅̅ + 𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅ Equality
4. If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅𝐶𝐷, then c. Transitive Property
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 - 𝐸𝐹 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐶𝐷 - ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹
5. If ∠A ≅ ∠B and ∠B ≅ ∠C d. Substitution Property
then ∠A≅∠C
e. Symmetric Property
6. If m∠A = m∠B and m∠B = m∠C
then m∠A=m∠C
f. Reflexive Property
7. If 𝑚𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅ = 𝑚𝐷𝐶̅̅̅̅ + 𝑚𝐸𝐹̅̅̅̅ and
𝑚𝐸𝐹̅̅̅̅ = 𝑚𝑀𝑁
̅̅̅̅̅ then
𝑚𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅ = 𝑚𝐷𝐶̅̅̅̅ + 𝑚𝑀𝑁̅̅̅̅̅

Activity 2: Can you illustrate me?

In each item, draw a circle illustrating the following parts. Label and thicken
the indicated part. You can use a colored pencil, crayon or marker. Do it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Central angle A
2. Inscribed angle B
3. Points C and D on a circle
4. Points E and F outside a circle
5. Intercepted arc by a central angle G
6. Intercepted arc by an inscribed angle H

5 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 What’s New

Activity 3: Touch or Divide?

Do you think tangent lines and secant lines are the same? To answer this
question, consider the following illustrations of tangent lines and secant lines.

In the figures, ʘA and ʘB are intersected by tangent lines while ʘC and ʘD

are intersected by secant lines. Do you think there are similarities on tangent
and secant lines? How about their differences?

Tangent Line

A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one
and only one point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called
the point of tangency.

6 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 Figure 4

⃡ intersects ⊙C at A only. Based on the definition of

Example: In Figure 4, 𝑃𝑄
tangent line, ⃡𝑃𝑄 is a tangent line and A is the point of tangency.

Secant

A secant is a line or segment or ray that intersects a circle at exactly two

points. A secant contains chord of a circle.

Figure 5

⃡
Example: In Figure 5, 𝑀𝑁 is a secant line of ʘA. It intersects the circle at two
points. I

7 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 What is It

The following is the summary of what to be discussed in this section:

1. Definition of Terms
2. Postulate on Tangent Line
3. Theorems on Tangent Line
4. Theorems on Angles formed by Tangent Lines and Secant Lines
5. Theorems on Segments formed by Tangent Segments and Secant
Segments

Common Tangent

A common tangent is a line or segment or ray that is tangent to two

circles in the same plane.

a. Common internal tangents intersect the segment joining the centers of

the two circles.

Figure 6

Example: In Figure 6, 𝑐 and 𝑑 are both common internal tangents of ʘD and

ʘE. Notice that they intersect the line connecting the center of ʘD
and ʘE.

8 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
b. Common external tangents are lines or rays or segment that do not
intersect the segment joining the centers of the two circles.

Figure 7

Example: In Figure 7,𝑡 and 𝑠 are common external tangents. Note that they do
not intersect the line connecting the centers of ʘM and ʘN.

External Secant Segment

An external secant segment is the part of a secant segment that is outside

of a circle.

Figure 8

Example: In Figure 8, secant segments are illustrated outside ʘC and ʘD. In

̅̅̅̅ is a segment of secant line ℎ and it is outside the circle. In
ʘC. AB
ʘD, ̅̅̅̅
ECand ̅FC ̅̅̅are segments of secant line 𝑓 and secant line 𝑘
respectively outside the circle. For these reasons, ̅̅̅̅
AB, ̅̅ ̅̅ and ̅FC
EC ̅̅̅
are external secant segments.

9 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
Activity 4: Tangent or Secant

To check your understanding on tangent and secant lines, supply what is

being asked in the problems that follows.

1. In each figure, identify if the figure illustrates a tangent line, secant

line, or neither.

a. d.

b. e.

c.

10 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
2. In the circle, name which lines are tangent and which lines are secant.

3. In each figure, identify if common internal tangents, common

external tangents or neither are being illustrated.

a. c.

b. d.

11 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 4. In ʘC, identify which segments are external secant segment.

In item number 1, lines in letters a and d are tangent lines since they
intersect or touch a circle at only one point

a. d.

Lines in letters b and c are secant lines since each intersects a circle
at two points.

b. c.

12 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 Line in letter e is neither a tangent line nor a secant line since it does
not touch any point on a circle.

e.

In item number 2, the only tangent line is ⃡𝐽𝐿 while the secant lines
⃡ , 𝑁𝐿
are 𝑆𝐽 ⃡ .
⃡ and 𝐴𝑇

In item number 3, letter d illustrates lines that are common internal

tangents,

d.

13 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
letter b illustrates lines that are common external tangents,

b.

and letter a and letter e are both neither illustrate common internal tangents
nor common external tangents.

a. e.

In item 4, ̅̅̅̅
AE is only the external secant line. ̅̅̅̅
𝐀𝐅, and ̅̅̅
𝐉𝐄 are segments
outside ʘC. Thus, the external segments of a secant line are ̅̅̅̅ 𝐀𝐅, and ̅̅̅
𝐉𝐄.

14 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
Postulate on Tangent Line

At a given point on a circle, one and only one line can be drawn that
is tangent to the circle.

Figure 9

To illustrate, consider ⊙R in Figure 9. If C is a point on the circle, then

̅̅̅̅
AB is the only line that can be drawn through C that is tangent to ʘR.

Theorems on Tangent Line

1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius

drawn to the point of tangency.

Figure 10

In Figure 10, ̅̅̅̅

AB is tangent to ʘR, at C. If we connect C to R, then ̅̅̅̅
CR⊥̅̅̅̅
AB

2. If a line is perpendicular to the radius of a circle at its endpoint on the

circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.

Figure 11

ʘQ in Figure 11, ̅̅̅̅

DC⊥QE̅̅̅̅and ̅̅̅̅
QE is a radius of circle Q. Therefore, ̅̅̅̅
DC is tangent
to ʘQ.

15 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 3. If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle,
then the two segments are congruent.

Figure 12

In Figure 12, ̅̅̅̅

DC and ̅̅̅̅
BC are tangent to circle A at D and B, respectively,
from the common external point, C. From the theorem, ̅̅̅̅
BC ≅ ̅̅̅̅
DC.

Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and Secants

1. If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the difference of the measures of the intercepted
arcs.

Figure 13

⃡ and tangent ⃡𝐴𝐸 intersect outside ʘC at point A.

In Figure 13, tangentBA
BE and EDB are the two intercepted arcs of ∠BAE. The theorem states that:
1
m ∠BAE = 2 (𝑚 EDB − 𝑚 BE)

2. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

16 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 O

Figure 14

In Figure 14, ⃡𝑁𝑋 and ⃡𝑀𝑌 are two secants intersecting outside the circle at
point P. XY and MN are the two intercepted arcs of ∠𝑋𝑃𝑌. The theorem
states that:
1
𝑚 ∠𝑋𝑃𝑌=2 (𝑚𝑋𝑌 − 𝑚𝑀𝑁)

3. If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the

measure of the angle formed is one-half the difference of the measures of
the intercepted arcs.

Figure 15

In Figure 15, secant ⃡NL and tangent ⃡LO intersect outside the circle at point
L. OMN and QO are the two intercepted arcs of ∠NLO. The theorem states
that:

1
m ∠NLO = 2 (𝑚 OMN − 𝑚 QO)

17 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
4. If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an
angle formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted
by the angle and its vertical angle.

Figure 16

⃡
In Figure 16,𝑊𝑆 and ⃡𝑅𝑋 are two secants intersecting inside the circle.
WR and XS are the two intercepted arcs of ∠1 while XW and RS C are the
two intercepted arcs of ∠2. The theorem states that:
1 1
𝑚 ∠1=2 (𝑚 WR + 𝑚 XS) 𝑚 ∠2=2 (𝑚 XW + 𝑚 RS)

5. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the

measure of each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.

Figure 17

In Figure 17, ⃡ZP is tangent at the circle at Y. Secant ⃡QY and tangent ⃡ZP
intersectat Y. QY is the intercepted arc of ∠ZYQ while YXQ is the intercepted
arc of ∠QYP. The theorem states that:

1 1
m ∠ZYQ= 2m QY m ∠QYP = 2m YXQ

18 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangents Segments, and External
Segments
1. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then
the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment
and its external secant segment.

Figure 18

In ʘA of Figure 18, BC ̅̅̅̅ and DC

̅̅̅̅ are secant segments from external point C.
̅̅
EC is the external secant segment of ̅̅̅̅
̅̅ BC and ̅FC
̅̅̅ is the external secant
segment ofDC̅̅̅̅. The theorem states that:

̅̅̅̅)•(EC
(BC ̅̅̅̅)= (DC
̅̅̅̅)• (FC
̅̅̅̅)

2. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an

exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external
secant segment.

Figure 19
In ʘA of Figure 19, ̅̅̅̅
EC and ̅̅̅̅
DC are tangent segment and secant segment
respectively from external point C. ̅̅̅̅
GC is the external secant segment of
̅̅̅̅
DC. The theorem states that:
̅̅̅̅)•(GC
(EC)2 = (DC ̅̅̅̅)

3. If two secant lines intersect inside the circle, the product of the lengths
of segments formed inside the circle are equal.

Figure 20

19 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
In Figure 20, secant lines ⃡𝐺𝐴 and ⃡𝐶𝑅 intersect inside the circle. ̅̅̅̅
𝐺𝐸 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴, ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝐸
̅̅̅̅
and 𝐸𝐶 are the segments formed inside the circle. Thus,
̅̅̅̅ )• (𝐸𝐴
(𝐺𝐸 ̅̅̅̅) = (𝑅𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ )
̅̅̅̅ )• (𝐸𝐶

Activity 5: Match Me

Match illustrations in column A with the relationship about its angles formed,
tangent segment, and secant segments in column B. An illustration in column
A can be matched to more than one relationship in column B. Or more than
one illustration in column A can be match to one relationship in column B.
In addition, any line segment that looks like a tangent line is tangent, any line
segment that looks like secant line is secant and a point that looks like a point
of tangency is really the point of tangency.

Column A Column B
1.
̅̅̅̅)2 = (FC
a. (DC ̅̅̅̅)(HC
̅̅̅̅)

̅̅̅̅)(JC
b. (DC ̅ ) = (FC
̅̅̅̅)(HC
̅̅̅̅)

2.
c. ̅̅̅̅
DC≅FC̅̅̅̅

d. If ̅̅̅̅
BC is tangent to ʘA at D, then ̅̅̅̅
BC⊥AD̅̅̅̅

3.
e. In ʘA, if ̅̅̅̅
BC⊥AD̅̅̅̅, then ̅̅̅̅
BC is tangent to
the circle at D

1
f. m ∠BCE = 2 (𝑚 FGD − 𝑚 DF)

4.
1
g. m ∠BCE = 2 (𝑚 FGD − 𝑚 JH)

5. 1
h. m ∠BCE = 2 (𝑚 FGD − 𝑚 DH)

̅̅̅̅ )• (𝐹𝐸
i. (𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ ) = (𝐵𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ )
̅̅̅̅ )• (𝐹𝐶

20 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
Did you answer the Match Me activity correctly?

After illustrating the theorems, we consider the proof of some in the

next discussions.

Proof

1. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

Step 1: To prove the theorem, if would be easier to transform to an equivalent

if-then statement using Figure 20.

Figure 21

⃡ and 𝑀𝑌
Step 1: If-then: If 𝑁𝑋 ⃡ are two secants intersecting outside the circle
at point P, XY and MN are the two intercepted arcs of ∠𝑋𝑃𝑌 then
1
𝑚 ∠𝑋𝑃𝑌=2 (𝑚𝑋𝑌 − 𝑚𝑀𝑁)

Step 2: Identify the given and what to prove. In the if- then statement, the if
statement is the given and the then statement is the conclusion.

Step 2:
Given:
⃡𝑁𝑋 and ⃡𝑀𝑌 are two secants intersecting outside the circle at point P,
XY and MN are the two intercepted arcs of ∠𝑋𝑃𝑌
1
Need to Show: 𝑚 ∠𝑋𝑃𝑌=2 (𝑚𝑋𝑌 − 𝑚𝑀𝑁)

21 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 Step 3: Prove now the theorem
Statement Reason
1. Connect N and Y, and M By construction
and X
2. ∠XMY is an exterior angle of Definition of an exterior angle of a triangle.
ΔPXM.
3. m∠XMY=m∠XPY+m∠NXM The measure of the exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angles.
4. MN is intercepted by Definition of intercepted arc
inscribed ∠NXM and
XY is intercepted by inscribed
∠XMY
5.m∠NXM = 2mMN
1
The measure of an inscribed angle is one
1 half the measure of its intercepted arc.
m∠XMY = 2 mXY
1
6. mXY =m∠XPY+ mMN
1
Substitution from statements 3 to 5
2 2
1
7.2 mXY -
1
mMN =m∠XPY Subtraction Property
2
8.m∠XPY =
1
(mXY − mMN) By factoring
2

2. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the

measure of each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted
arc.

Following the steps given in example 1,

Figure 22

22 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
Step 1: If,

 ⃡ is tangent to ʘO at Y, and
ZP
 ⃡ and tangent ZP
Secant QY ⃡ intersectat Y then

1 1
m ∠ZYQ= 2m QY and m ∠QYP = 2m YXQ

Step 2:
Given:
⃡ is tangent to ʘO at Y
ZP
⃡ and tangent ZP
Secant QY ⃡ intersect at Y
Need to Show:
1 1
m ∠ZYQ= 2m QY and m ∠QYP = 2m YXQ

Proof: Since we need to show two relationships, the proof of the theorem shall
1
be divided into two. The first part of the proof is to show that m ∠ZYQ= 2m QY.
Consider the proof that follows:

Statement Reasons
1.Connect O to Q and O to Y By construction
forming ̅̅̅̅
OQ and ̅̅̅̅
OY
2. YQ is intercepted by Definition of intercepted arc.
∠YOQ
3. m∠YOQ=mYQ The measure of a central angle is equal to the
measure of its intercepted arc.
⃡ is tangent to the circle at Given
4. ZP
Y
If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is
5. ̅̅̅̅
OY⊥ZP⃡ perpendicular to the radius drawn to the
point of tangency.
6.m∠ZYO = 90 Perpendicular lines form a 90° angle.
7. ∠ZYQ + ∠QYO= ∠ZYO Whole part postulate
8.m ∠ZYQ = m ∠ZYO- m Subtraction Property
∠QYO
9.m ∠ZYQ = 90- m ∠QYO Substitution from statements 6 to 8
10. m ∠QYO = 90 - m ∠ZYQ Addition property of equality
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑂𝑄
11. 𝑌𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ are radii of ʘO Definition of radius of a circle
̅̅̅̅
12. 𝑌𝑂 = 𝑂𝑄̅̅̅̅ Radii of a circle are equal
13. ΔYOQ is an isosceles At least two sides of an isosceles triangle are
triangle equal
14.m ∠QYO= m ∠OQY Angles opposite the equal sides of an
isosceles triangles are equal.

23 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 15.m ∠QYO+ m ∠OQY + The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is
m∠YOQ= 180 180

16.m ∠QYO+ m ∠QYO + Substitution from statements 14 to 15

m∠YOQ= 180
17.2m ∠QYO+ m∠YOQ= 180 Simplification
18.2(90 - m∠ZYQ) + m∠YOQ= Substitution from statements 10 to 17
180
19. 180 - 2 m∠ZYQ + Distributive Property
m∠YOQ= 180
20. - 2 m∠ZYQ + m∠YOQ = 0 Subtraction Property
21. m∠YOQ = 2 m∠ZYQ Addition Property

22.
1
m∠YOQ = m ∠ZYQ Division Property
2

23. m∠YOQ = mYQ A central angle is equal to its intercepted arc.

24.
1
mYQ= m ∠ZYQ Substitution from statements 23 to 22
2

The first part is done for you, prove the second part of the theorem.

Activity 6: Can You Complete by Proof?

The other theorems will be left for you to prove.
The last concept we need to discuss is about sectors of a circle.

Sector of a Circle

Figure 23

The region of the circle bounded by radii and an arc are called sectors,
as illustrated by the circles in Figure 23. The shaded region in the center circle
is a minor sector since it is bounded by a minor arc and radii. While the
shaded region in the right most figure is a major sector since it is bounded by
two radii and a major arc.

24 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 What’s More

Activity 7. Apply the different theorems discussed to solve for the unknown
in the following exercises.

1. If mMKL = 220° , what is m∠MQL?

2. Suppose mCG = 6x + 5, mRA = 4x + 15, and m∠AEC = 120, Find

A. x B. mCG C. mRA

3. If mQNO = 238°, what is m∠PQO? m∠PQR?

25 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 What I Have Learned

In the previous activities that you have done, were you able to apply the
theorems you have learned? In the next activity you are to summarize now your
understanding about the theorems.

I think I do!

Answer the following questions. Do it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the relationship of two secants intersecting in the exterior of a circle

to the measures of its intercepted arcs?

2. What is the relationship of a secant and a tangent intersecting in the

exterior of a circle to its intercepted arcs?

3. What is the relationship of two secants intersecting in the interior of a circle

to the measures of the intercepted arcs and its vertical angles?

4. What is the relationship among the segments formed inside a circle when
two secant lines intersect in the interior of a circle?

5. How are the two secants segments drawn from the exterior point to the
circle related to their external secant segments?

6. How about if a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to the
circle from an exterior point, what will be its relationship to its segments
formed?

What I Can Do

Did you know that the tire of a car touches the road at a point when
running? Or in other words, a tire is tangent on the road. What do you think
is the reason?
Can you cite 5 other situations where tangent line or secant line is
applied around us?

26 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 Assessment

Directions: Read carefully each item and write the letter of the correct answer
on a separates sheet of paper

1. Which of the following line segments intersects a circle at exactly two

points?
A. line C. secant
B. ray D. tangent

2. Which of the following is the region bounded by two radii of the circle and
their intercepted arc?
A. area C. semicircle
B. circumference D. sector

For items 3-7. Refer to the figure at the right.

̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷, and ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺 are tangent segments of ⊙C.

3. Which of the following is the intercepted arcs of ∠𝐴𝐹𝐺?

A. DG and DBG C. BG and EB

B. EB and DG D. DG and BG

4. If 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐵=84, then 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐶=_______.

A. 16° C. 51°
B. 42° D. 168°

5. In the figure given that ̅̅̅̅

AB is 12. Which of the following is the measurement
̅̅̅̅
of AD?
A. 3 C. 12
B. 6 D. 24

6. Find the measurement of ∠F given m DG =78.

A. 39° C. 141°
B. 102° D. 156°

27 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
7. Which of the following is the m∠𝐴𝐵𝐶?
A. 100° C. 60°
B. 90° D. 45°

For items 8-15. Refer to the figure at the right.

8. If ̅̅̅̅
BC = 12 and ̅̅̅̅
GC = 6, then which of the following is the
̅̅̅̅
length of EG?
A. 12 C. 24
B. 18 D. 72

̅̅̅̅ = 8, FB
9. If AF ̅̅̅̅= 2, then which of the following is EF
̅̅̅̅ = 6, and FG ̅̅̅̅?
A. 10 C. 16
B. 12 D. 24

10. If m∠𝐴𝐹𝐺 = 70 and m AG = 80, then which of the following is the m BE ?

A. 60° C. 80°
B. 70° D. 220°

11. If m AB = 110 , m AG = 60 , and m BE = 100, then m∠𝐶=____.

A. 100° C. 50°
B. 75° D. 25°

12. If m AB = 110, then which of the following is the 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶?_.

A. 55° C. 110°
B. 90° D. 220°
13. Which of the following arcs is an intercepted arc of ∠𝐸𝐹𝐴?

A. EA C. BG
B. AGB D. BEA
14. In the figure which of the following represents a tangent?
̅̅̅̅
A. 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
C. 𝐵𝐴
̅̅̅̅
B. 𝐸𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
D. 𝐵𝐹
15. In the figure which of the following represents a secant?
̅̅̅̅
A. 𝐵𝐶 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐴
̅̅̅̅
B. 𝐸𝐶 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐹

28 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
 Additional Activities

Mathematical Reasoning
Investigate and explain what is wrong with the student’s solution below.

𝑥 4
1. Solution: =4
2

4𝑥 = 4(2)
𝑥=2

2. Solution: 𝑥 2 = 4(10)
𝑥 2 = 40

𝑥 = √40

𝑥 = 2√10

29 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21 30
Assessment
1. C
2. D
Additional Activity 3. A
1. From the theorem 4. B
when two secants 5. C
intersect inside the 6. B
circle, 7. B
2(x) = 4 (4) thus 8. B
x=8 9. D
10. A
2. From the theorem, 11. D
when two secants 12. A
intersect outside the 13. A
circle, 14. A
x2=4(16) thus 15. B
x= 8
What’s More
Activity 7
1. m∠MQL = 21 ( MKL – ML)
1 What’s It : What’s In What I Know
= ( 220-140)
2 Activity 5
= 40 Activity 1 1. C
1. d,e 1. f 2. D
2. ∠ AEC and ∠CEG form a 2. c,f
Linear Pair. It is given that m 2. f 3. B
∠AEC is 120 then m∠CEG is 3. a, h 3. a 4. A
60. In addition, 4. b,g 4. b 5. C
1 5. i 5. c 6. D
m∠CEG = (𝑚 arc CG + m arc RA ).
2 6. c 7. B
Substituting the given and 7. d 8. B
m∠CEG, then x=10, CG = 65 9. B
and AR =55. 10. D
11. A
3. m∠PQO =61° 12. D
13. A
∠PQR= 119° 14. D
15. D
Answer Key
References

Nivera, Gladys C., Ph.D. and Minie Rose C. Lapinid, Ph.D.. 2015. Grade 10
Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities. SalesianaBooks. Makati City.
Don Bosco Press, Inc.
Callanta, M.M. Et.Al. Mathematics- Garde 10 Learners Module, 2015, REX
Bookstore, Inc. Pasig City. November 6, 2019.
Ulpina, Jisela N., and Razon, Larida-M E, 2015. Grade 10 Math Builders
New Enhanced Edition. Mc Arthur Highway, Dalandan, Valenzuela
City.Jo-Es Publishing House Inc.
Oronce, Orlando and Mendoza, Marilyn O. 2015. RBS Mathematics. E- Math
10. Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc, Manila. Rex Books Store, Inc

31 CO_Q2_Mathematics10_ Module 21
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