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Ansci Lab 3

This document discusses swine housing and site selection. It provides recommendations for the amount of covered floor area needed per animal for different classes of swine. For example, boars need 6.0-7.0 square meters each while lactating sows need 4.0-6.0 square meters. Environmental factors like protection from sunlight/rain, ventilation, and thermal comfort through wallowing areas must be considered in housing design. Commercial farms differ from backyard farms in scale of operation and integration. Pigs are more sensitive to temperature extremes than other livestock due to a lack of sweat glands and smaller lung size relative to their bodies.

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347 views

Ansci Lab 3

This document discusses swine housing and site selection. It provides recommendations for the amount of covered floor area needed per animal for different classes of swine. For example, boars need 6.0-7.0 square meters each while lactating sows need 4.0-6.0 square meters. Environmental factors like protection from sunlight/rain, ventilation, and thermal comfort through wallowing areas must be considered in housing design. Commercial farms differ from backyard farms in scale of operation and integration. Pigs are more sensitive to temperature extremes than other livestock due to a lack of sweat glands and smaller lung size relative to their bodies.

Uploaded by

Aleah Ty
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VISAYAS

STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
College of Agriculture and Food Science
Visayas State University
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte 6521 A,Philippines

AnSc 22
INTRO TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION

Name: Rating:
Schedule: W 10:00am -1:00 pm Date:Submitted:03-29-2023

Exercise No. 3
SWINE HOUSING AND SITE SELECTION

I. INTRODUCTION
Swine housing is designed to protect pigs and give them the most ideal environment
for growth and production. In modern systems, temperature, ventilation, feed delivery, water
delivery, and sanitation are controlled, oftentimes automatically. These enhancements to keep
pigs comfortable and stress-free also provide the optimum environment for their immune
system.
Confinement systems enable the separation of animals from one another. To improve
biosecurity, each swine-raising location can be segregated, as was previously mentioned. It is
also feasible to prevent other animals from approaching pigs, rats and birds, which can
transmit disease to and from swine, can be kept out of barns. To increase the distance and
reduce the possibility of disease spread, barns should be at least a mile apart. Greater

distances are advantageous for units higher up the production pyramid.


Developments in confinement housing within the last two decades include slotted
floors, lagoons for manure disposal, and automatic temperature control in confined housing.
These are being used by an appreciable number of hog producers. Seasonable temperature
control in both cold and hot weather is a very important factor for increasing output for the
hog producer.
II. OBJECTIVES
1. To understand the requirement of hogs for the housing system
2. To compare and contrast the types and systems of housing
3. To identify and recommend factors for a good housing
4. To suggest modifications to improve housing structure and employ animal space required
design for hog facilities

III. METHODOLOGY
After a short discussion about n types of housing according to roof design, pens
arrangement, scale of operation and purpose of production. The class visited the swine
project in Department of Animal Science, estimated the different pen corresponding to the
different swine production and did some observations.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Class of animals Covered floor area per animal (m²)


Boar 6.0-7.0 square meter per animal
Farrowing 7.0-9.0 square meter
Weaner 0.5-0.7 ssquare meter per piglet
Gestating Sow 2.0-2.5 square meter per sow
Lactating Sow 4.0-6.0 square meter per sow
Dry Sow 1.8-2.7 square meter per sow
Sow and Piglets ( up to 30 9.0-10.0 square meter
days)
Fatteners 0.8-1.0 square meter per pig

Each housing have adequate protection against direct sunlight and rain. Hogs are
sensitive to heat and cold. For boars, housing is semi closed and Special care is required to
prevent boars from escaping to the gilts and sows that are on heat (strong and high partitions).
Gestating sow and lactating sow need a quiet environment. Therefore individual pens are
used. For sow, guilt and piglets the flooring are not cement but instead a rice husk and a
wallowing tank for thermal comfort. And for  Farrowing sows the housing should
completely enclosed should it be a houses or pens.

V. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER

1. Why do we need to follow space requirements in every stage of production of pigs? What
are the benefits of such in production, health and comfort of hogs?
Pigs are social animals. Social animals require space to minimize fighting and
promote performance and well-being. Evaluating animal space in barns can help maximize
production efficiencies while providing a high level of welfare. Some of the benefits of space
requirements in terms of production, health and comfort of hogs are: it will help control
diseases. Disease is frequently the largest cost burden in pig production, causing major losses
and inefficiencies. And It allows the pigs to grow faster and more efficiently.

2. In planning to construct housing in swine, what environmental factors and equipment


should be considered?
The pigsty should be comfortable for them, with adequate ventilation and shade, no
overheating, no odors, no drafts, and no dampness. Pigs are known for not having a sweat
glands and incapable of panting. To thermoregulate, they rely on wallowing in water or mud
to cool the body. It is important to consider having a wallowing in every pigsty
3. Compare and contrast conventional/backyard type swine housing and commercial type
swine housing?
Two general farm types are present in the country – backyard and commercial farms.
Backyard farms usually have 1 to 20 adult hogs, 1 to 10 adult hogs with 1 to 21 young hogs,
or 1 to 40 young hogs. Commercial farms, on the other hand, have more than 20 adult hogs or
more than 10 adult hogs with at least 22 young hogs or more than 40 young hogs. Unlike
backyard hog farms, commercial hog farms are usually backward integrated and produce
their own feeds for production.

4. Why hogs are more sensitive to extreme temperature compared to other farm animals?
Pigs are much more sensitive to hot weather cycles than other livestock animals. This
is due to the fact that they don’t have sweat glands compare to the other animals and their
lungs are small in comparison to their body size. The reason why they are prone to heat
stress.

VI. REFERENCES
https://www.pig333.com/articles/why-does-good-cleaning-and-disinfection-matter-
on-pig-units_2870/
https://ispweb.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/ispcommodities/swine/#:~:text=Swine%20Industry
%20Profile&text=Backyard%20farms%20usually%20have%201,more%20than
%2040%20young%20hogs.
https://www.pigprogress.net/pigs/heat-stress-in-pigs-why-should-you-care/
#:~:text=Pigs%20are%20much%20more%20sensitive,increases%20and%20pulse%20rate
%20falls.
AnSc 22n Laboratory Guide. Ms. Joycee Mandia, AnSc22 laboratory instructor.

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