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Q (300/3600) M /s V V 29.5 M/s A (/4) (0.06 M) : Solutions Manual

This document contains solutions to fluid mechanics problems involving concepts like control volumes, jet velocities, force balances, and momentum. Multiple problems are solved showing calculations for things like required scale readings, power needed to drive a belt, rocket thrust force, and the angle a struck plate will hang. Diagrams accompany some of the problems.

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Kerlos Saeed
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43 views2 pages

Q (300/3600) M /s V V 29.5 M/s A (/4) (0.06 M) : Solutions Manual

This document contains solutions to fluid mechanics problems involving concepts like control volumes, jet velocities, force balances, and momentum. Multiple problems are solved showing calculations for things like required scale readings, power needed to drive a belt, rocket thrust force, and the angle a struck plate will hang. Diagrams accompany some of the problems.

Uploaded by

Kerlos Saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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182 Solutions Manual • Fluid Mechanics, Fifth Edition

3.66 The tank in Fig. P3.66 weighs 500 N


empty and contains 600 L of water at 20°C.
Pipes 1 and 2 have D = 6 cm and Q =
300 m3/hr. What should the scale reading
W be, in newtons?

Solution: Let the CV surround the tank,


cut through the two jets, and slip just under Fig. P3.66
the tank bottom, as shown. The relevant jet
velocities are

Q (300/3600) m 3 /s
V1 = V2 = = ≈ 29.5 m/s
A (π /4)(0.06 m)2

The scale reads force “P” on the tank bottom. Then the vertical force balance is
å Fz = P − Wtank − Wwater = m
& 2 v2 − m
& 1v1 = m[0
& − (−V1 )]

æ 300 ö
Solve for P = 500 + 9790(0.6 m 3 ) + 998 ç ÷ (29.5) ≈ 8800 N Ans.
è 3600 ø

3.67 Gravel is dumped from a hopper, at a rate of 650 N/s, onto a moving belt, as in
Fig. P3.67. The gravel then passes off the end of the belt. The drive wheels are 80 cm in
diameter and rotate clockwise at 150 r/min. Neglecting system friction and air drag,
estimate the power required to drive this belt.

Fig. P3.67

Solution: The CV goes under the gravel on the belt and cuts through the inlet and
outlet gravel streams, as shown. The no-slip belt velocity must be

é rev rad 1 min ù m


Vbelt = Voutlet = ΩR wheel = ê150 2π ú (0.4 m) ≈ 6.28
ë min rev 60 s û s
Chapter 3 • Integral Relations for a Control Volume 183

Then the belt applies tangential force F to the gravel, and the force balance is
å Fx = Fon belt = m
& out uout − m
& in u in , but u in = 0.

& out = æç
650 kg öæ mö
Then Fbelt = mV ÷ç 6.28 ÷ = 416 N
è 9.81 s øè sø
The power required to drive the belt is P = FVbelt = (416)(6.28) ≈ 2600 W Ans.

3.68 The rocket in Fig. P3.68 has a super-


sonic exhaust, and the exit pressure pe is
not necessarily equal to pa. Show that the
force F required to hold this rocket on the
test stand is F = ρeAeVe2 + Ae(pe − pa). Is
this force F what we term the thrust of the
rocket? Fig. P3.68

Solution: The appropriate CV surrounds the entire rocket and cuts through the exit jet.
Subtract pa everywhere so only exit pressure ≠ 0. The horizontal force balance is
å Fx = F − (pe − pa )Ae = m
& e ue − m
& f uf − m & e = ρe Ae Ve
& o uo , but u f = u o = 0, m

Thus F = ρe Ae V e2 + (pe − pa )Ae (the thrust ) Ans.

3.69 A uniform rectangular plate, 40 cm


long and 30 cm deep into the paper, hangs in
air from a hinge at its top, 30-cm side. It is
struck in its center by a horizontal 3-cm-
diameter jet of water moving at 8 m/s. If the
gate has a mass of 16 kg, estimate the angle
at which the plate will hang from the vertical.
Fig. P3.69
Solution: The plate orientation can be
found through force and moment balances,

æπ ö
å Fx = Fj = − m& inuin = −(998) ç ÷ (0.032 )(82 ) = 45.1 N
è 4ø
å M B = 0 = −(45)(0.02)(sinθ ) + (16)(9.81)(0.02)(cosθ ) θ = 16°

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