A PROJECT REPORT

ON

“Analysis of Use of E-Commerce Trade in India”

award of the degree of Master of Business Administration

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. VIJAY RATHEE FARHAD ALAM
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ROLL NO: 02MBA21173

MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY- CENTRE FOR

PROFESSIONAL AND ALLIED STUDIES,
Sector 40, Gurugram.
(Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak)
(Session 2021-2023)
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that all the information that is been provided in this report file
is accurate to the best of my knowledge. All the facts and information stated
are correct to the best of my belief.

FARHAD ALAM
MBA21173

i)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Many souls and brains have contributed to the accomplishment of the project. For their
invaluable suggestions and comments, I wish to thank them all:

I sincerely and sincerely thank my guide Dr.VIJAY RATHEE, CPAS Sec. 40 Gurugram. I am
indebted to her for her valuable interest in involving me in this project.
Once again, I express my deep thanks to her.

I also like to thank my friends who have helped me with their valuable suggestions and my
parents who have always supported me.

[FARHAD ALAM]

ii)
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CH.NO CONTENT PAGE NO.

DECLARATION (i)

ACKNOWLEDMENT (ii)
 
1
  INTRODUCTION 2-4

Electric Commerce  

Types of commerce 5-13

B2B Commerce  

B2C Commerce  

B2G Commerce  

C2C Commerce  

M-Commerce 14-15

Elements of E-Commerce  

Shopping from 10 online stores using e-commerce 16-25

2
Advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce 26-27
3
E-commerce in Banking 28-33
4
An example of online purchase:Snapedeal.com 34-40
5
Conclusion and Findings  
6
Bibliography  
 
 1. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

Electronic commerce, commonly known as E-commerce or e-Commerce, is a type of

industry where the buying and selling of products or services is conducted over electronic
systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on
technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management,
Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI),
inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic
commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's life-
cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile
devices, social media, and telephones as well.

Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also

consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business
transactions. This is an effective and efficient way of communicating within an organization
and one of the most effective and useful ways of conducting business. It is a Market entry
strategy where the company may or may not have a physical presence.

E-commerce can be divided into 7 subsections:

 E-tailing or "virtual storefronts" on websites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered

into a "virtual mall"
 Buying or selling on websites and/or online marketplaces
 The gathering and use of demographic data through web contacts and social media
 Electronic data interchange, the business-to-business exchange of data
 E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospective and established
customers (for example, with newsletters)
 Business-to-business buying and selling.
 2.TYPES OF E-COMMERCE

1. Business-to-business (B2B).
2. Business-to-consumer (B2C).
3. Business-to-government (B2G).
4. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C).
5. Mobile commerce (m-commerce).

What is B2B e-commerce?

B2B e-commerce is simply defined as e-commerce between companies. This is the type of e-
commerce that deals with relationships between and among businesses. About 80% of e-
commerce is of this type, and most experts predict that B2B e-commerce will continue to
grow faster than the B2C segment. The B2B market has two primary components: e-
infrastructure and e-markets. E-Infrastructure is the architecture of B2B, primarily consisting
of the following:

 logistics - transportation, ware

 housing and distribution (e.g., Procter and Gamble);

 application service providers - deployment, hosting and management of packaged

software from a central facility (e.g., Oracle and Link share);

 outsourcing of functions in the process of e-commerce, such as Web-hosting, security

and customer care solutions (e.g., outsourcing providers such as eShare, Net Sales,
IXL Enterprises and Universal Access);

 auction solutions software for the operation and maintenance of real-time auctions in
the Internet (e.g., Moai Technologies and OpenSite Technologies);

 content management software for the facilitation of Web site content management and
delivery (e.g., Interwoven and ProcureNet); and

 Web-based commerce enablers (e.g., Commerce One, a browser-based, XML-enabled

purchasing automation software).


What is B2C e-commerce?

 Business-to-consumer e-commerce, or commerce between companies and consumers,

involves customers gathering information; purchasing physical goods (i.e., tangibles
such as books or consumer products) or information goods (or goods of electronic
material or digitized content, such as software, or e-books); and, for information
goods, receiving products over an electronic network.12
 It is the second largest and the earliest form of e-commerce. Its origins can be traced
to online retailing (or e-tailing).13 Thus, the more common B2C business models are
the online retailing companies such as Amazon.com, Drugstore.com, Beyond.com,
Barnes and Noble and ToysRus. Other B2C examples involving information goods
are E-Trade and Travelocity.
 The more common applications of this type of e-commerce are in the areas of
purchasing products and information, and personal finance management, which
pertains to the management of personal investments and finances with the use of
online banking tools (e.g., Quicken).14
 What is B2G e-commerce?

 Business-to-government e-commerce or B2G is generally defined as commerce

between companies and the public sector. It refers to the use of the Internet for public
procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations. This
kind of e-commerce has two features: first, the public sector assumes a pilot/leading
role in establishing e-commerce; and second, it is assumed that the public sector has
the greatest need for making its procurement system more effective.15
 Web-based purchasing policies increase the transparency of the procurement process
(and reduces the risk of irregularities). To date, however, the size of the B2G e-
commerce market as a component of total
What is C2C e-commerce?

Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce or C2C is simply commerce between private individuals

or consumers.

This type of e-commerce is characterized by the growth of electronic marketplaces and online
auctions, particularly in vertical industries where firms/businesses can bid for what they want
from among multiple suppliers.16 It perhaps has the greatest potential for developing new
markets.

This type of e-commerce comes in at least three forms:

 auctions facilitated at a portal, such as eBay, which allows online real-time bidding on
items being sold in the Web;
 peer-to-peer systems, such as the Napster model (a protocol for sharing files between
users used by chat forums similar to IRC) and other file exchange and later money
exchange models; and

 Classified ads at portal sites such as Excite Classifieds and eWanted , Pakwheels.com
(an interactive, online marketplace where buyers and sellers can negotiate and which
features “Buyer Leads & Want Ads”).
What is m-commerce?

M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services through
wireless technology-i.e., handheld devices such as cellular telephones and personal digital
assistants (PDAs). Japan is seen as a global leader in m-commerce.

As content delivery over wireless devices becomes faster, more secure, and scalable, some
believe that m-commerce will surpass wireline e-commerce as the method of choice for
digital commerce transactions. This may well be true for the Asia-Pacific where there are
more mobile phone users than there are Internet users.

Industries affected by m-commerce include:

 Financial services, including mobile banking (when customers use their handheld
devices to access their accounts and pay their bills), as well as brokerage services (in
which stock quotes can be displayed and trading conducted from the same handheld
device);

 Telecommunications, in which service changes, bill payment and account reviews

can all be conducted from the same handheld device;

 Service/retail, as consumers are given the ability to place and pay for orders on-the-
fly; and

 Information services, which include the delivery of entertainment, financial news,

sports figures and traffic updates to a single mobile device.
 3.ELEMENTS OF E-COMMERCE

 Here are four key elements of e-commerce drawn from the needs of brick-and-mortar
businesses and enhanced by technology.

Online Storefront - The Product Manager

 The online storefront is your digital place of business.  As with any business you want
to customize it to fit your customers’ buying habits, your chosen branding, and the
logistical needs of your business.  A product manager lets you enter, store, and share
information on products, pick what data is visible to customers, and generally manage
the informational aspects of the shopping experience.
 To design this well you need to think like a customer.  How can they see what they’re
getting?  Pictures, certainly help, but they’re not the only way to learn about a
product.  What do other people think of it, has it won any awards, how does it stack
up against other products and services?  Customers are going to want to make these
sorts of comparisons.  If you want them to stay on your site, you need to find a way
that makes it easy for them to do so.

Building an Order - The Shopping Cart

 There are a number of ways for customers to build their orders, but the most common
is the shopping cart.  A shopping cart integrates with a storefront so that shoppers can
add items to their purchase list without ever leaving the product pages.  It also gives
shoppers a way to see what they’re planning to order and make changes before
completing the sale.

 The shopping cart software handles everything from when you first indicate you want
an item through submitting your delivery address with one exception - the exchange
of funds.
 Payment - The Merchant Gateway

 The merchant gateway serves the same function as the electronic card reader in the
checkout line at your favourite brick and mortar store.  It creates a secure online
connection to confirm the availability of funds, initiates an electronic transfer, and
creates a record of the transaction.  The more reliable merchant gateways also build in
safety precautions like address confirmation to cut down on fraudulent purchases.
 Because much of the information required for the merchant gateway is also used for
the shopping cart (amount, address, and so forth) it is important that your shopping
cart software is compatible with your merchant gateway.

Fulfilment - Return of the Product Manager and Shopping Cart

 Just as the Product Manager lets you store and display information for the shopper, it
also lets you enter and retrieve information necessary for filling an order (such as
product numbers, vendors, and handling instructions).  This information is handed off
to the Shopping Cart software, which can then generate an order form or report that
includes all necessary information from every product in the order.

 More sophisticated and integrated systems can take this process a step further and
automatically generate purchase orders for any additional stock you need.
4. ONLINE SHOPPING STORES/ WEBSITES

(1) Flipkart.comYou can not only buy books online through Flipkart, but also mobile phones
& mobile accessories, laptops, computer accessories, cameras, movies, music, televisions,
refrigerators, air-conditioners, washing-machines, MP3 players and products from a host of
other categories. After takeover of letsbuy.com now flip kart is largest player of e-commerce
of India.

 
(2)Amazone.in World leader in e-commerce market recently started operation in india, Now
Indians can buy Books, CDS and Electronic at cheaper price from Amzon.in. For limited
time they offering free shipping.

 
 (3) ebay.in  After almost 6month of dominating at number 1 ebay has come
down at number two on indiafreestuff.in list.  eBay.in is the Indian version of the popular
online shopping portal eBay.com – world’s online marketplace. Ebay has a diverse and
passionate community of individuals and small businesses. Ebay offers used and fresh items
with a wide network of international shipping. http://www.ebay.in/

 
(4) Snapdeal.comSnapDeal offers everything from local daily deals on restaurants, spas,
travel to online products deals. They offer you best price with free shipping.

 
(5) Shopclues.comShopclues is famous for their heavily discounted Jaw Dropping deals.
Shopclues is one of the best online stores that offers a wide variety of cameras, Computer
accessories, Mobile, Gift, Jewellery, Cosmetics, toys, clothes, books and bag. Their Jaw
Dropping deal has become most liked deal of 2012.

 
(6) Myntra.com Myntra.com is leading online retailer of lifestyle and fashion products.
Myntra offers T-shirts, Shoes, watches and more at discounted price.

(7) homeshop18.com here you find large range appliances, kitchen, cameras, mobiles,
laptops, site, indian, gifts, apparel, buy, online, gifts. and more, HomeShop18 is a venture of
theNetwork18 Group, India’s fastest growing media and entertainment Group. Network18
operates India’s leading business news television channels – CNBC TV18 and CNBC
Awaaz. HomeShop18 has also launched India’s first 24 hour Home Shopping TV channel.
The company has its headquarters in Noida, UP. The website has received the ‘Best shopping
site” award from PC World Magazine in 2008

(8) Yebhi.comYebhi is India Largest Shopping Destination for

your Wardrobe. Shop for shoes, apparels, jewelery, Bags and more. No matter yebhi rules in
Apparel catagory and if you want to buy clothes or shoes online this is best site, Their deals
become more lucrative with discount coupons, Now they are also selling mobiles at good
price.
 

(9)tradus.com - Tradus.in is owned by ibibo from books to clothes they

sell you everything and after buying Buytheprice.com they have become more bigger. Tradus
offers the Online Shopping in India to buy Books, Mobiles, Cameras, Watches, Apparel,
Home Appliances, Ipods& Many More at Lowest Price & Free shipping although their
refunding process takes more than expected time and they don’t ship all over India.
  

(10)Pepperfry.comPepperfry is one of leading Indian website in selling lifestyle products

ranging from men and womens clothing, home decor, jewellery, perfumes and cosmetics,
furnitures, bags and accessories.
 5. ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE

 Time saving – is the reason number one for using electronic commerce. People now
have access to their money and what they need to buy from home and work all from a
desktop computer.
 Consumers have an access to a wider range of products – company now can use
internet sites as shop fronts, so consumers can browse, buy from many different
sellers and making it easier to find exactly what they are looking for.
 Allows small businesses to mix with the big business online – with a relatively
small cost, a new business can set its self up to conduct transactions online.
 Provide benefits to suppliers of goods and services – company now can target a
wider variety of consumers even take the product or service international, allowing
them a means of supplying their goods to places that were before unreachable.
 Business is Open 24 x 7 x 364 7/8 – it works while you play or sleep. They are open
for business every hour of the day, every day of the week, every week of the year.
Your receptionist, greeter and front people are always working for you because they
are your website. They do not complain about the long hours.
 Messages spreading (world wide market space) – advertising on the web can make
a big or small firm’s promotional message reach out to potential customers all over
the world quickly and small cost as an online marketing strategy.
 Help protect against frauds and theft losses – electronic payments can be easier to
monitor than payments are made by cheques.

DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE

 Purchase to Delivery – when making a purchase at a brick and mortar business, you
get the product when you pay for it. On the web, there may be a time lag from
 purchase to actually being able to consume. The consumer will have to wait for
delivery of physical goods.
 Inability to Feel the Physical – it is nearly impossible to sell things like furniture and
tires online. Furniture is something people like to sit on and know the feel. Tires need
to be installed once purchased. The old tires also need to be disposed of. In both
instances, there is a need for real actions to fulfil the reason for the purchase. That’s
why things like food, jewellery, antiques etc. can never turn to E-commerce.
 Trouble recruiting and retaining employees – the company needs well-expert and
skilled staff to keep up and create the ecommerce facilities of the company. Many
companies favor to outsource their improvement and programming tasks to decrease
labor costs.
 Consumers feel less confident with their credit card numbers – most of the
consumers are still not confident in providing their credit card numbers for making
payments on  the website while shopping on the Internet.
 Not every company can take the benefit – some of the small companies may not be
able to take the benefit of E-commerce for example the lack of expertise and lack of
technology. The legal environment in which E-commerce is conducted is full of
unclear and conflicting laws. It should be noted that mostly these disadvantages stem
from the newness and rapidly growth of the technology.

6. E-BANKING WEBSITES AND THEIR E-LOGIN PAGES

1. AXIS BANK.

DETAILS:-

BSE: 532215
Traded as LSE: AXBC
NSE: AXISBANK
Industry Banking, Financial services
Founded 1994 (as UTI Bank)
Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Dr. SanjivMisra (Chairman)
Key people
Shikha Sharma (MD & CEO)
Products Credit cards, consumer banking,
corporate banking, finance and
insurance, investment banking,
mortgage loans, private banking,
 private equity, wealth management
Revenue 340 billion (US$5.7 billion) (2012)
Operating
94 billion (US$1.6 billion) (2012)
income
Net income 52 billion (US$870 million) (2012)
Total assets 3.4 trillion (US$57 billion) (2012)
Employees 40,239 (on 30-Sep-2013)
Website www.axisbank.com
2. ICICI BANK

DETAILS:-

Type Private
Traded as BSE: 532174
 NSE: ICICIBANK
NYSE: IBN
BSE SENSEX Constituent
CNX Nifty Constituent
Industry Banking, Financial services
Founded 1954
Headquarters Mumbai, India
Area served Worldwide
K.V. Kamath (Chairman)
Key people
Ms.ChandaKochhar (MD & CEO)
Credit cards, Consumer banking,
corporate banking, finance and
Products insurance, investment banking,
mortgage loans, private banking,
wealth management
Revenue US$ 13.52 billion (2012)
Operating
US$ 2.12 billion (2012)
income
Profit US$ 1.60 billion (2012)
Total assets US$ 98.99 billion (2012)
Total equity US$ 12.62 billion (2012)
Employees 81,254 (2012)
Website www.icicibank.com

3. JAMMU AND KASHMIR BANK PRIVATE LTD.

DETAILS:-

Type Private
Traded as NSE: J&KBANK, BSE: 532209
Industry Banking, Financial services
Founded October 1, 1938
Headquarters Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Mushtaq Ahmad (Chairman &
Key people
CEO)
Credit Cards
Products
Mortgage loans
Consumer Banking
Corporate Banking
Financial Services
Services
Private Banking
Cash Management
Mobile Banking
6620.53 crore (US$1.1 billion)
Revenue
(2012-13)
Operating 2799.77 crore (US$470 million)
income (2012-13)
1055.10 crore (US$180 million)
Net income
(2012-13)
71743 crore (US$12 billion) as on
Total assets
March 31, 2013
4906 crore (US$820 million)
Total equity
(2012-13)
Employees 9400 as on March 31, 2013
Website www.jkbank.net

7:-HOW TO MAKE ONLINE PURCHASE THROUGH THE USE OF E-

COMMERCE

1:- Open any online store for purchase.

Here it is www.jabong.com
2:- Find the product which you want to add to your shopping cart

Here I have chosen Titan Watch

3:- Select the product which you can see on the screen shot image

4 :- Click on the buy option

4:- Provide your e-mail id and click on continue

5:- A new page will open, My cart it is and Fill your shipping details on the next page and
click on continue

6:- Then here click on proceed to payment

7:- Select your mode of payment for your order, here I have selected cash on delivery (COD)

8:- At last click on complete my order, and your online purchase order is done.

SCREENSHOTS
 Conclusion and Findings
E-Commerce Provides benefits to Business and help customers to find them
1.Faster buying process
2. Store and product listing creation
3. Cost reduction
4. Affordable advertising and marketing
5. Flexibility for customers
6. No reach limitations
7. Product and price comparison
8. Faster response to buyer/market demands
9. Several payment modes

Benefits of online shopping

The biggest advantages of ecommerce to business that keep sellers interested in online selling

is cost reduction. Many sellers have to pay lots to maintain their physical store. They may
need to pay extra up-front costs like rent, repairs, store design, inventory etc.
 Bibliography

Liu, C. and Arnett, K., 2000.

Exploring the factors associated with Web site success in the context of electronic commerce.
Information & Management, 38 (1), pp.23-33.
Nemat, R., 2011. Taking a look at different types of e-commerce.
Wikipedia
Online selling portals.