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ch-10 Light and Reflection-1

This document provides an introduction and overview of light reflection and refraction. It discusses key concepts such as: 1) Reflection of light including the laws of reflection and the definitions of incident ray, reflected ray, angle of incidence, and angle of reflection. 2) Types of images including real images which light rays actually meet at and virtual images which light rays appear to meet at. 3) Properties of images formed by plane mirrors including that the image is virtual, erect, and equal in size to the object but laterally inverted. 4) Types of spherical mirrors including concave mirrors which curve inward and convex mirrors which curve outward, and definitions of radius of curvature, pole, aperture,

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MISHKA KHANDELWAL
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124 views5 pages

ch-10 Light and Reflection-1

This document provides an introduction and overview of light reflection and refraction. It discusses key concepts such as: 1) Reflection of light including the laws of reflection and the definitions of incident ray, reflected ray, angle of incidence, and angle of reflection. 2) Types of images including real images which light rays actually meet at and virtual images which light rays appear to meet at. 3) Properties of images formed by plane mirrors including that the image is virtual, erect, and equal in size to the object but laterally inverted. 4) Types of spherical mirrors including concave mirrors which curve inward and convex mirrors which curve outward, and definitions of radius of curvature, pole, aperture,

Uploaded by

MISHKA KHANDELWAL
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.St. Peter’s convent school sector-88 Fbd.

CLASS -10

CHAPTER 10 - LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

Introduction

• Light is a form of invisible energy which produces the sensation of sight.


• We see the objects in the presence of light, although light itself is invisible.
• The light returned or reflected by the object enters our eyes. Hence , the object is
seen by us.
• Thus object which reflects the light falling on it is visible to us.
• We can see objects through a transparent medium because light passes through
transparent medium. For eg. Glass, water etc.
• Shadow of the object is formed behind the solid object (or an opaque object), this
shows that light travels in a straight line.
• Ray of light : A ray of light is a path followed by light energy in a transparent
medium.
• Beam of light : A group of parallel rays of light emitted by the source of light is
called beam of light.

We shall discuss the phenomenon like reflection of light , refraction of light , and the
formation of images by plane mirror, spherical mirrors and lenses.

1. Reflection of light :

• Definition – The process of returning (or bouncing back) the light to the same
medium after striking a surface is called reflection of light.
• Incident ray of light : Any ray of light falling on a reflecting surface is known as
incident ray of light.
• Reflected ray of light : Any ray of light which is reflected back by a reflecting
surface is known as reflected ray of light.
• Angle of incidence : The angle between the incident ray and normal to the point
of incidence on the reflecting surface is known as incident angle or angle of
incidence.
• Angle of reflection : the angle between the reflected ray and the normal to the
point incidence on the reflecting surface is known as angle of reflection.
LAWS OF REFLECTION :

1. Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection i.e. i= r


2. Incident ray, reflected ray and normal to the reflecting surface at the point of
incidence lie in the same plane.

IMAGE

Real Image: When a beam of light from an object actually meets at a point after
reflection , then the image of the object formed at that point is known as real image.

Virtual image: When a beam of light from an object does not meet at a point but
appears to diverge from its after reflection, then the image of the object at that point is
known as virtual image.

Real image Virtual image


1. When rays of light after reflection 1. When rays of light after reflection do
meet at a point real image is formed. not meet at a point but appears to
meet at a point virtual image is
formed.
2. Real image can be obtained on a 2. Virtual image cannot be obtained on
screen. a screen.
3. Real image is formed in front of a 3. Virtual image is formed behind the
mirror. mirror.
4. Real image is always inverted. 4. Virtual image is always erect etc.

Properties of the Image formed by a plane mirror:

1. Image formed by plane mirror virtual and erect.


2. Size of the image formed by plane mirror is equal to the size of object.
3. The distance of the image of an object behind the plane mirror is equal to the
distance of the object in front of the mirror.
4. The right side of the object appears as the left side of its image and vice-versa,
thus image formed by plane mirror is laterally inverted.
Types of mirrors:

Concave mirror- A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards towards
the centre C of the sphere is called concave mirror.

Convex mirror- A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards i.e.
away from the centre C of the sphere is called convex mirror.

Radius of curvature: The radius of of a hollow sphere of which the spherical mirror
forma a part is called radius of curvature.

Pole: The mid point of a spherical mirror is


called its pole.

Aperture: The diameter of the part of a


spherical mirror exposed to the incident light
is called the aperture of the spherical mirror.

Principal axis: A line joining the centre of


curvature (C) and pole(P) of a spherical
mirror and extended on either side is called
principal axis.

Principal focus: A point on the principal


axis of a spherical mirror where the rays of
light parallel to the principal axis meet or
appear to meet after reflection from the
spherical mirror is called principal focus.

➢ In case of a concave mirror, the rays


of light parallel to the principal axis
after reflection actually meet the principal axis at F. So principal focus of a
concave mirror is real.
➢ In case of convex mirror, the rays of light parallel to the principal axis after
reflection appear to meet the principal axis at F. So principal focus of a convex
mirror is virtual.

(In both figure (A) and (B) object lies at infinity)

Focal plane: A plane normal or perpendicular to the principal axis and passing through
the principal focus (F) of a spherical mirror is called focal plane of the spherical mirror.

Focal length: The distance between the pole (P) and principal focus(F) of spherical
mirror is called the focal length of the mirror. It is denoted by f.

SIGN CONVENTIONS FOR REFLECTION BY SPHERICAL MIRROR

1. The object is assumed to be placed on the left side of the mirror. Thus light from
the object falls on the mirror from left side.
2. All distances are measured from the pole of a spherical mirror
3. All distances are measured in the direction of incident light are taken as positive
while distances measures in a direction opposite to the direction of incident light
are taken as negative.
4. The upward distances perpendicular to the principal axis are taken as positive
while downward distances perpendicular to the principal axis are taken as
negative.
F = R/2 is true for both the concave mirror and convex mirror.

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