Question 1

Choose the Most Correct Answer

1) The probability that the “Super-lab” software system will be found in a state of failure during peak
hours (9 am to 4 pm) is required to be below 0.5%.
A) Reliability
B) Interoperability
C) Correctness
D) Flexibility
2) The “Super-lab” software system will enable direct transfer of laboratory results to those files of
hospitalized patients managed by the “MD-File” software package.
A) Reliability.
B) Interoperability
C) Correctness
D) Flexibility
3) The “Super-lab” software system will include a module that prepares a detailed report of the patient’s
laboratory test results during his current hospitalization. (This report will serve as an appendix to the
family physician’s file.) The time required to obtain this printed report will be less than 60 seconds; the
level of accuracy and completeness will be at least 99%.
A) Reliability.
B) Interoperability
C) Correctness
D) Flexibility
4) The “Super-lab” software to be developed for hospital laboratory use may be adapted later for private
laboratory use.
A) Reliability.
B) Interoperability
C) Correctness
D) Flexibility
5) The training of a laboratory technician, requiring no more than 3 days, will enable the technician
to reach level C of “Super-lab” software usage. This means that he or she will be able to manage
reception of 20 patients per hour.
A) Usability
B) Integrity
C) Reusability
D) Correctness
6) The “Super-lab” software system will record a detailed users’ log. In addition, the system will report
attempts by unauthorized persons to obtain medical information from the laboratory test results
database. The report will include the following information: the network identification of the applying
terminal, the system code of the employee who requested that information, the day and time of
attempt and the type of attempt.
A) Usability
 B) Integrity
C) Reusability
D) Correctness
7) The “Super-lab” subsystem that deals with billing patients for their tests may be eventually used as a
subsystem in the “Physiotherapy Center” software package.
A) Usability
B) Integrity
C) Reusability
D) Correctness
8) The “Super-lab” software package developed for the Linux operating system should be compatible for
applications in a Windows NT environment.
A) Reliability
B) Portability
C) Correctness
D) Flexibility
9) The software system should be able to serve 12 workstations and 8 automatic testing machines with a
single model AS20 server and a CS25 communication server that will be able to serve 25
communication lines.
A) Reliability
B) Portability
C) Efficiency
D) Flexibility

Mark the followings with True or False

1) Integrity requirements determine the maximum allowed software system failure rate. False
(Reliability)
2) Reliability requirements deal with the software system security.
False (Integrity)
3) Efficiency requirements deal with the hardware resources needed to perform all the functions
of the software system. True
4) Maintainability requirements deal with the scope of staff resources needed to train a
new employee and to operate the software system.
False (Usability)
5) Usability requirements include the resources required to adapt a software package to a variety
of customers of the same trade, of various extents of activities, of different ranges of products
and so on.
False (Flexibility)
6) Interoperability requirements tend to the adaptation of a software system to
other environments consisting of different operating systems.
 False (Portability)
7) Portability requirements focus on creating interfaces with other software systems or with
other equipment firmware.
False (Interoperability)

Question 2
1- A software system comprises of four main components.

a. List the four components of a software system.

b. How does the quality of each component contribute to the quality of the developed software?

ANSWER

a. The four components of a software system are:

• Computer programs (the “code”)

• Procedures

• Documentation

• Data necessary for operating the software system.

b. The contributions of these components to the quality of developed software are:

• Computer programs (the “code”) – obviously, its quality is the basic

component for the quality of services and functionality of the software product.

• Procedures which define the methods of the program development process,

i.e. software development planning procedure,

• Development allows efficient cooperation and

coordination amongst the development team members

• Data, including parameters and code lists that adapt the software to the
specifications as well as test case files are necessary for testing the
software before completion of the development process is possible.
 2- Define software error, software fault and software failure. Explain the
differences between these undesirable software statuses.

ANSWER
1. Software error: made by programmer.
2. Software fault: defect in product.
3. Software failure: software fault is activate

3- List and briefly describe the various causes of software errors.

ANSWER

1. Faulty definition of requirements

The faulty definition of requirements, usually prepared by the client, is one of

the main causes of software errors

2. Client-developer communication failures

Misunderstanding requirement, change, design,etc

3. Deliberate deviations from software requirements

The developer reuses software modules taken from an earlier project without sufficient analysis of
the changes

4. Logical design errors

Software errors of this type are mainly failures of systems architects, software

engineers, systems analysts, etc., to formulate the software requirements

5. Coding errors

The reasons that cause programmers to make coding errors include

misunderstanding the design documentation and errors in the application of CASE.

6. Noncompliance with documentation and coding instructions

It is due to erroneous understanding by other members of the development team

and maintenance team when performing corrections or changes.

7. Deliberate deviations from software requirements

The developer reuses software modules taken from an earlier project without sufficient analysis of
the changes

8. Logical design errors

Software errors of this type are mainly failures of systems architects, software

engineers, systems analysts, etc., to formulate the software requirements

9. Coding errors

The reasons that cause programmers to make coding errors include

misunderstanding the design documentation and errors in the application of CASE.

10. Noncompliance with documentation and coding instructions

It is due to erroneous understanding by other members of the development team

and maintenance team when performing corrections or changes.

11. Shortcomings of the testing process

These shortcomings result from: incomplete test plans, failure to document and report detected
errors and faults.

12. Procedure errors

Usually a user error.

13. Documentation errors

These errors can cause additional errors in further stages of development and

duringmaintenance.
4- What are the objectives of SQ activities?

ANSWER

The objectives of SQA activities for software development and maintenance are:

a. Assuring, with acceptable levels of confidence, conformance to functional technical

requirements.

b. Assuring, with acceptable levels of confidence, conformance to

managerial requirements of scheduling and budgets.

c. Initiating and managing activities for the improvement and greater efficiency of

software development and SQA activities.

Question 3

1- Some professionals claim that increased software usability necessarily involves

decreased efficiency. Others claim no dependence between software efficiency and
usability.
a. Do you agree with the first or the second group?
b. Discuss your

answer. ANSWER

a. Both claims may be correct – depending on the actual situation.

b. The replacement of low capability equipment with higher capability equipment and
additional hardware components are involved with the
achievement of higher usability. In these cases, higher usability necessarily
causes decreased efficiency.
 2- It is said that failure to meet the interoperability requirements can negatively
affect the correctness level of the software system, and even can cause non-
conformance with correctness requirements.
c. Elaborate on the above statement and explain the mentioned
interconnections between factors.
d. Provide an example of a situation where such effects are to be expected.

ANSWER

a. Most interoperability requirements refer to automatic transfer of data from one

system to another. Failure to meet interoperability requirements are mainly of two types:
a. Computerized data transfer fails and a manual data transfer has to be applied, or b.
The data transfer process is defective and causes undesirable changes of data and entire
data records to be
deleted.

b. Example: Store sales and central inventory system that serves a chain of furniture stores.
The local information system installed in each of the stores managed the sales and local inventory.
The local information system interoperates with a central inventory system, and has to transfer its
transactions of sales and suppliers shipments to this central system.