Introduction & Layout of Steel Bridges

Dr. Ihab Ramadan

 Definition of a Bridge
A bridge is a structure that carries a service (which may
be highway or railway traffic, a footpath, public utilities,
etc.) over an obstacle (which may be another road or
railway, a river, a valley, etc.), and then transfers the
loads from the service via the superstructure through
the bridge substructure to the foundation level.

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 Types of Steel Bridges
According to the Purpose of the Bridge

According to the Construction of the main Girders

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Roadway Bridges

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Railway Bridges

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Pedestrian Bridges

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Pipe Bridges

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Conveyor Bridges

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 Types of Steel Bridges
According to the Statical System of the Main Girders

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 Types of Steel Bridges
According to the Statical System of the Main Girders

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 Types of Steel Bridges
According to the Statical System of the Main Girders

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Frame Bridges

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Arch Bridges

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Truss Bridges

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Cable-Stayed Bridges

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Suspension Bridges

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 Bridge Span
There are no established criteria to
exactly define the range of spans for the
different classifications. A common
practice is to classify bridges by span
lengths as follows:
• Short-span bridges less than 50 m
• Medium-span bridges 50 to 200 m
• Long-span bridges Over 200 m

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Bridge Type and Spans

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 Types of Steel Bridges
According to the Position of the Bridge Floor

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 Types of Steel Bridges
According to the relation between the C.L of the Bridge &
C.L of the supporting Abutment

According to the Geometry of the Bridge

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Types of Steel Bridges
According to Motion

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Swing Bridge

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Swing Bridge

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Types of Steel Bridges
Movable Bridges

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Types of Steel Bridges
Movable Bridges

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Retractable Bridge

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Tilt Bridge

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Folding Bridge

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Rolling Bridge

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 Types of Steel Bridges
According to the Time of Construction

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 Design Philosophies
Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

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 Design Philosophies
Load and Resistance Factor design (LRFD)

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 Structural Design
Egyptian Codes of Practice

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 Structural Design
Egyptian Codes of Practice

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 Structural Design
Egyptian Codes of Practice

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 Material of Construction

Why steel bridges?

What are the steel grades?
What are the mechanical properties?

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Egyptian Standard Specifications
Steel Egyptian Specifications
Steel Egyptian Specifications
Steel Egyptian Specifications
Steel Egyptian Specifications
Steel Egyptian Specifications
Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges

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Topology

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 Floors for Roadway Bridges
Structural systems used in bridge floors
vary according to the bridge usage.
There are three main types of transverse
structural systems used in roadway
bridge floors, whereas there are two main
types for railway bridges.

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 Floors for Roadway Bridges

There are three main types of transverse

structural systems used in roadway bridge floors:
a) Slab
b) Beam-Slab (slab with floor beams)
c) Orthotropic plate floor

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Floors for Roadway Bridges

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 Floors for Roadway Bridges
a) In the Slab cross-sections, a reinforced
concrete deck slab about 20 to 30 cm thick
is supported directly on the bridge main
girders. This system is economical for small
spans, generally below 25m, where multiple
girders are used for the longitudinal
structural system at spacing of 2.5 – 4 m.

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Floors for Roadway Bridges
Slab

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 Floors for Roadway Bridges
b) In the Beam-Slab cross-sections, the deck slab
is supported on longitudinal floor beams (called
stringers) and /or transversal floor beams
(called cross-girders). This system is generally
adopted for medium spans below 80 m where
the spacing of main girders exceeds about 4 m.

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 Floors for Roadway Bridges
b) In both cases, the slab may act independently
of the supporting beams (a very uneconomic
solution for medium and large spans) or it may
work together with the supporting beams
(composite bridge deck). The composite action
requires the shear flow between the slab and
the girders to be taken by shear connectors.

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Floors for Roadway Bridges
Orthotropic

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 Floors for Railway Bridges

a) The Open Floor are typically called

open timber floor as wooden sleepers
are placed on top of the stringers. has
minimum dead load (no RC slab and
no ballast).
b) The Ballasted floor provide a better
ride comfort for the passenger as the
ballast reduces the vibration.

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Floors for Railway Bridges
Open Timber Floor

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Floors for Railway Bridges
Ballasted Floor

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bridge Floor Components

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bridge Floor Components

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bridge Main Girder

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bracing

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bearings

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Horizontal and Vertical Stiffeners

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Choice of Bridge Floor Type

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Bridge Clearance

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Choice of Bridge Floor Type

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Choice of Bridge Floor Type

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Choice of Bridge Floor Type

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bridges Layouts

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bridges Layouts

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Components of Plate Girder Steel Bridges
Bridges Layouts

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