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Lec2 - Programmable Logic Controller PLC

1) Variable frequency drives (VFDs) are microprocessor-controlled inverters that are used to control the speed of three-phase induction motors in industrial applications. 2) VFDs have control terminals that allow configuration for different applications and control functions like speed, torque, and frequency. They also have parameters that control properties of the inverter. 3) VFDs have two modes - programming mode to set parameters and drive mode for motor operation. Parameters include acceleration/deceleration, minimum/maximum frequency, and more.

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Saif Alabdullah
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36 views

Lec2 - Programmable Logic Controller PLC

1) Variable frequency drives (VFDs) are microprocessor-controlled inverters that are used to control the speed of three-phase induction motors in industrial applications. 2) VFDs have control terminals that allow configuration for different applications and control functions like speed, torque, and frequency. They also have parameters that control properties of the inverter. 3) VFDs have two modes - programming mode to set parameters and drive mode for motor operation. Parameters include acceleration/deceleration, minimum/maximum frequency, and more.

Uploaded by

Saif Alabdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial

Automation

Lecture Two
Variable Frequency Drive Configuration
 Adjustable Frequency AC Drives are microprocessor-controlled inverters used to control
three-phase induction motors in a wide variety of industrial applications.
 Industrially, these may
The be calledLogic
Programmable Variable
Controller Frequency
abbreviated by PLCDrives,
is a special may be called Variable Speed
microprocessor based controlled system. Also, it is a special type of computer
Drives, maybe AC drive, and
capable also some
of withstanding manufacturers
vibration, high temperature, and call them and
high humidity just Inverters.
optimized for control tasks in the industrial environment rather than the
calculations and display tasks assigned to the normal computer.
 The parameters codes and method of modification are brand dependent. Therefore, to master
these key products and be ready to deal with any of them, one must focus on understanding
the scope of control terminals, the various supported relationships between the output voltage
rms value and frequency, the torque control functions, and the speed control functions.
2.1 AC Drive Hardware Components

 the AC drive is a microprocessor controlled three-phase inverter. This means that it is a


combination of passive power circuit components and active power electronic switching
devices which are driven or controlled by a microprocessor-based control system as stated
in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1: Main Hardware


Components of AC Drive
system

2.1.1 Power Terminals


 The AC drive units are designed to supply three-phase induction motor from a single phase
or three phase power networks. Single phase power mode is used with small KW rating AC
drive units (around 2KW rating) to drive small KW rating three-phase induction motors
from single or two-phase power networks.
 The AC drive power terminals represented by the power supply lines terminals (R, S, T), the
optional dynamic resistance terminal (B1, B2), and the motor terminals (U, V, W) (see Fig.
2.2.

Figure 2.2: AC Drive Power Terminals


2.1.2 Control Terminals

 The AC drive units are provided with configurable control terminals to extend the
application areas of these controllers.
 These terminals can be subdivided into digital input terminals, digital output terminals,
analog input terminals, and analog output terminals.
 The label and the supported functions of each terminal are brand dependent one, but in
general, they share a lot of the common features, so understanding one brand creates a
sufficient experience to deal with the other brands.
 Here the control terminals of SV-iG5 AC drive will be drawn in Figure 2.3.
2.1.3 PNP/NPN Selection Switch
 The activation and inactivation methods of multi-function input terminals depending upon
the position of this switch.
 For PNP position, the activation is implemented by applying 24V to the terminal to be
activated and the deactivation is done by floating the terminal (see Figure 2.4-a). On the
other hand, for NPN position, the activation is down by bridging the terminal under
consideration to the common terminal CM and removing the bridge that deactivates the
terminal (see Figure 2.4-b).

Figure 2.4: a) PNP connection, b) NPN connection


2.2 Drive and Programming Modes
 The AC drive controller has two modes of operations. The first is the programming or
parameters setting mode, and the second is the drive mode.
 The programming mode allows access to adjust the parameters. The parameters are
modified or set according to the requirement of the intended application.
 The drive mode allows for motor operation and parameters monitoring. Most of the
parameters cannot be changed while the drive is in the drive mode.

2.3 Parameters List


 The AC drive controller is provided with a large number of parameters to adjust the
properties of the inverter such as the ramp times, minimum and maximum frequencies, the
direction of rotation, etc. Here with SV-iG5, the parameters are distributed over four groups.
These are the drive group, function group1, function group 2, and the input/output
group.

2.3.1 Drive Group Parameter List


 The parameters of the drive group allow the user to select the start/stop method, decide the
frequency setting method, modify the output frequency, set the motor rotation direction,
monitor the dc link voltage, observe the motor parameters (current, RPM, voltage, power,
torque), display the fault code, and enter the next groups. Table 2.1 lists these parameters
and their setting.
Table 2.1: drive group parameter list

2.3.2 Function Group1 parameter List


 This second group of parameters block the undesired direction of rotation.
 In addition, they decide the acceleration/deceleration pattern, the stop method, the
torque boost selection, thermal selection, over trip selection, stall prevention
mode, set the dc injection parameters, maximum/ minimum output frequencies,
base frequency, starting frequency, upper/lower frequencies limits, torque boost in
forward, torque boost in reverse, user-defined frequencies and their corresponding
voltages, output voltage adjustment, thermal level for 1 minute, thermal level for
continuous, over trip level, over trip delay time, and stall prevention level.
 Table 2.2 lists these parameters and their setting.
Table 2.2: Function group 1 list of parameters
2.3.3 Function Group2 Parameter List

 This third group of parameters give an access to the fault history, reset the fault, set the
dwell frequency and time, define the frequency jumping bands, specify which type of
phase loss protection is to be adopted.
 Furthermore, they determine how to behave after power restoration, which type of motor
and load the inverter is dealing with, what is the required control method, does the
process require frequent acceleration and deceleration, does it need the second motor,
and what is the required setting for the second motor.
 The relevant parameters of these inquiries are tabulated in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Second function group parameter list


2.3.4 Input/output Group parameter List
 This is the fourth group of parameters that give an access to the filter time constant,
minimum and maximum inverter analog voltages, currents and frequency, etc.
 The details are listed in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Forth function group


parameter list

2.4 Application Examples:

Example 2.1: Draw the required wiring and parameters set for an inverter powering
submersible water pump for irrigation purposes. Assume the power source is solar energy
panels. Figure 2.5 shows the wiring diagram and Table 2.5 illustrates parameters setting.

Table 2.5 Parameters setting

Fig. 2.5 Wiring diagram


Example 2.2: Draw the required wiring and parameters set for an inverter powering
ventilation fan in the poultry field. The function of the fan is to control the temperature inside
the field. Figure 2.6 shows the wiring diagram and Table 2.6 indicates parameters setting.

Table 2.6 Parameters setting

Fig. 2.6 Wiring diagram

Example 2.3: Draw the required wiring and parameters set for the speed control of the
conveyor belt. Figure 2.7 shows the wiring diagram and Table 2.7 indicates parameters setting.

Table 2.7 Parameters setting

Fig. 2.7 Wiring diagram


2.5 Home Works

Q1: What is the difference between PNP and NPN wiring of the VFD control terminals?
Q2: Which type of VFD open loop control should be used to reduce the effect of loading on
the speed regulation?
Q3: What is meant by toque boost, and where it should be used?
Q4: Is it possible to run two motors using one VFD unit? If the answer is yes, mention in
details what do you have to do to achieve that under full protection of both motors?
Q5: Is it possible to run a single phase load using single phase input/ three phase output VFD
unit? If the answer is yes, state how to do that.

Q6: In a certain application, it is required to be able to run the three-phase induction motor at
eight distinct speeds. Assuming the used ac drive is of SV-iG5 type, state the following:
 The required power and control wiring.
 The drive mode.
 The frequency change mode.
 The values of the control terminals registers.
 The values of the parameters related to speed setting.

Q7: State what one must do to prevent the vibration of the structure on which the motor is
mounted.

Q8: What one must do to let the VFD displays the shaft mechanical speed instead of the rpm of
the revolving field.

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