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Itaaps Prelim

The document discusses data processing and the history of computing devices. It covers topics like the data processing cycle, areas of data processing like business and scientific, early calculation devices like the abacus and slide rule, early electronic computers like ENIAC and EDVAC, computer generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits, components of electronic data processing systems, and advantages of electronic data processing like speed, accuracy, and storage.

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Keith bryan Cruz
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21 views3 pages

Itaaps Prelim

The document discusses data processing and the history of computing devices. It covers topics like the data processing cycle, areas of data processing like business and scientific, early calculation devices like the abacus and slide rule, early electronic computers like ENIAC and EDVAC, computer generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits, components of electronic data processing systems, and advantages of electronic data processing like speed, accuracy, and storage.

Uploaded by

Keith bryan Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ITAAPS

Data- is a collection of facts

Data processing- is the maniulation fo data into a more usefull form

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

Input- initial dta or input data prepared in some convenient form of processing

Processing-input data are changed, to a more useful form

Output- the results of the preeding steps are collected

EXPANDED DTA PROESSING CYCLE

Origination- collecting of original ata

Distribution-distribution of the output data

Storage- frequently stored in storage

AREAS OF DATA PROCESSING

Business data processing- retain and process files, more input data, limited aritmetial operations, and a
relatively large volume of output

Scientific ata processing- limited volume of inout data, many logical or aritmetical calculations, non
repetitive

DATA PROCESSING CALULATIONS

Recording – transfer of data into some form of document

Verifying – carefull checked for errors

Duplicating- copy or dupliate data

Classifying- seperatesata into various categories

Sorting- arranging of data into a specific order

Calculating- Arithmetic calculation of data

Summarizing and reporting- collection of data is condensed and certain conclusions

Merging- takes two or moe sets of data

Storing- placing similar data into files for futue reference

Retrieving- recover store data

Feedback- comparison of output and the goal set in advance


METHODS OF PROCESSING DATA

Batch processing- data are processed or programs , to be executed or collected into groups

Online processing- uses devices directly connected to the CPU either for data entry or inquiry process

Real time processing- capability of fast response to obtain data from an activity or physical process

Distributed processing- the most complex level of computed processing

EARLIEST COMPUTING DEVICES

Abacus- first manual data processing device, developed in china 12th century A.D,arithmetic calculations

Napier’s bones- john napier was a scottish mahematician, “bones”

Oughtreds’s Slide Rule- William Oughtred,English mathematician, two movable rulers

Pascals caculator- Blaise Pascal was a french mathematician, dialing a series of wheels, eight
digits,automatic carry,

Babbage analytical engine- Charles babbage a 19 century English man, Father of of the modern
computer, automate a standard procedure for calculating the roots of polynomials,

Hollerith’s Punch card machine- 1880’s Herman Hollerith, the first commecially succesful data
processing machine that could sort 300 cards per minute

EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

Mark 1- Howard Aiken, Official anme of Marl 1 is Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator

ENIAC- ELecronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, 1943-1946, over 18k vacum tubes

EDVAC- Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer,1946,

EDSAC- first stored program machine, Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calcuator,

COMPUTER GENERATIONS

First generation Computers (1951-1959)

-the first commerial computer the UNIVAC

-the use of vacuum tubes

Second Geneation computers (1959-1964)

-solid state components(transistors and diodes) and magnetic core storage.

-The new transistor technology

- computer became much smaller in size

-more efficient programming methods


Third Generation Computers (1965-1970)

-integrated solid sate circuitry

-improved secondary storage devices

Fourth Generation computers (1970-present)

-development of microelectronics

- large computers that are much faster and less expensive and much greater data processing capacity

ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

Hardware- refers to the physical equipment of an electronic data processing system

Software- programs

Peopleware – represents the personnel involve in system analysis

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

Speed- speed of electric flow, speed of operatons

Accuracy- accurate results

Automatic opeations- can carry out a sequence of mnay data processing operations without human
interventions, automatic

Decision making capability- a computr can perform certain decisions instructions automatically

Compact storage- store large mounts of data in a compact and esly retrivble form

Dicipline in imposes- understanding the problem

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

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