OPERATIONS RESEARCH 1 (CONCEPTS)

b. normal distribution
A critical activity has c. poisson distribution
a. average slack d. beta distribution
b. minimum slack
c. zero slack Decisions are often based on
d. maximum slack a. the use of intuitive models that are never
written down
A model is a good substitute for a manager’s judgment b. numbers produced by models
and experience. FALSE c. an evaluation of numerical data
d. all of the above
By definition, optimization models always provide the
best decision for the real-world situation. TRUE A dummy activity in a network diagram
a. does not consume time or resources.
Decision models produce numerical values for b. is an artificial activity.
decision variables. TRUE c. is represented by a dotted line.
d. All of the choices.
Actual performance of a task is called
a. None of the choices If a maximization linear programming problem consist
b. an event of all less-than-or-equal-to constraints with all positive
c. a duration coefficients and the objective function consists of all
d. an activity positive objective function coefficients, then rounding
down the linear programming optimal solution values
Critical path method of the decision variables will __________ result in a(n)
a. helps in ascertaining time schedules __________ solution to the integer linear programming
b. provides a standard method for problem.
communicating project schedules and to time a. sometimes, optimal
and cost performance b. never, non-optimal
c. all of the choices c. always, non-optimal
d. makes better and detailed planning possible d. always, optimal

Which of the following statement is wrong? When slack of an activity is zero, the activity is critical
a. An event is an instantaneous point in time at and any delay in its performance will delay the
which an activity begins or ends. completion of the whole project. FALSE
b. The performance of a specific task is called an
activity. Which of the following statement is correct about the
c. The tuning of a job on lathe is an event network diagram?
whereas job turned is an activity. a. The events are represented graphically by
d. An activity consumes time and resources circles or node at the beginning and the end of
whereas an event does not consume time or activity by arrows.
resources. b. All of the choices.
c. The head of the arrow represents the end of
A dummy activity becomes a critical activity when its an activity.
earliest start time is same as its earliest finishing time. d. The tail end of the arrow represents the start
TRUE of an activity.

Although spreadsheets make calculations easy, they The branch and bound method of solving linear integer
have no real impact on decision making. FALSE programming problems is __________.
a. an integer method
One advantage of the modeling process is that it often b. a relaxation method
eliminates the need to be very familiar with the c. an enumeration method
environment being studied. TRUE d. a graphical solution

Simplex Method is the method used for Non-negativity constraints

a. A linear programming a. restrict the decision variables to zero
b. queuing theory b. restrict the decision variables to negative
c. network analysis values
d. value analysis c. restrict the decision variable to positive
values
Models can be used to generate data. TRUE d. both A and B

PERT is an event-oriented technique. TRUE A feasible solution to the linear programming problem
should
The probabilistic time is based on a. satisfy the problem constraints and non-
a. exponential distribution negativity restrictions
 OPERATIONS RESEARCH 1 (CONCEPTS)

b. optimize the objective function A dummy activity is used to show a precedence

c. satisfy the non-negativity restrictions relationship, but it does not represent a __________.
d. satisfy the problem constraints a. relationship between activities
b. real activity
CPM starts for c. change in relationship
a. Complete Path Method d. passage of time
b. Critical Path Method
c. Critical Process Method CPM requires
d. Critical Project Management a. optimistic time
b. pessimistic time
In practice, models are sometimes built by teams of c. most likely time
individuals drawn from different disciplines. TRUE d. All of the choices

Which of the following conditions are necessary for A model provides a consistent means to interpret and
applying linear programming? evaluate data. TRUE
a. There must be a well-defined objective
function. Generally, CPM is preferred over PERT for the
b. All of the choices. purpose of project evaluation. TRUE
c. The decision variables should be interrelated
and non-negative. PERT analysis is based on
d. The resources must be in limited supply. a. All of the choices
b. most likely time
The minimal spanning tree problem determines the c. optimistic time
a. maximum amount that can be transported d. pessimistic time
along any one path
b. minimum amount that should be transported The mathematical technique for finding the best use of
along any one path limited resources of a company in the maximum
c. shortest distance between a source node and manner is known as:
a destination node a. network analysis
d. minimum total branch lengths connecting b. queuing theory
all nodes in the network c. value analysis
d. linear programming
When slack of an activity is negative
a. All of the choices CPM requires
b. the activity is critical and any delay in its a. single time estimate
performance will delay the completion of whole b. None of the choices
project c. double time estimate
c. it represents that a program falls behind d. triple time estimate
schedule and additional resources are
required to complete the project in time The essential condition for the decompression of an
d. it represents a situation where extra activity is that
resources are available and the completion a. after decompression the time of an activity
of project is not delayed. invariably exceeds its normal time
b. the project time should change due to
PERT decompression
a. permits management to foresee quickly the c. an activity could be decompressed to the
impact of variation from the plan maximum extent of its normal time
b. provides a way for management to require that d. None of the choices
planning be done on a uniform and logical
basis Which of the following statement is correct?
c. provides an approach for keeping planning up- a. All of the choices
to-date b. When slack of an activity is zero, it falls only
d. All of the choices. on critical path.
c. CPM technique is useful to minimize the direct
A model and indirect expenses.
a. an abstraction d. Critical path of a network represents the
b. is a selective representation of reality minimum time required for completion of
c. all of the above project.
d. idealization
e. approximation Consider the following linear programming model:
Maximize Z = X12 + X2 + 3X3
In an assignment problem, all supply and demand Subject to:
values are equal to 1 X1 + X2 ≤ 3
X1 + X2 ≤ 1
 OPERATIONS RESEARCH 1 (CONCEPTS)

X1, X2 ≥ 0 a. divisibility
This problem violates which of the following b. additive
assumptions? c. proportionality
a. Divisibility d. certainty
b. Certainty When a slack of an activity is positive,
c. Linearity a. it represents that a program falls behind
d. Proportionality schedule and additional resources are
required to complete the project in time
Earliest finish time can be regarded as b. the activity is critical and any delay in its
a. latest finish time - duration of activity performance will delay the completion of whole
b. earliest start time + duration of activity project
c. earliest start time - duration of activity c. None of the choices
d. latest finish time + duration of activity d. it represents a situation where extra
resources are available and the completion
There is usually no single correct way to build a model of project is not delayed
of a management situation. FALSE
An activity of the project is graphically represented by
As soon as you begin to hypothesize any relationship ___ on the network diagram.
among your data, you are beginning to formulate the a. None of the choices
equation(s) of a model. TRUE b. a straight line
c. an arrow
Which of the following are the guidelines for the d. a circle
construction of a network diagram?
a. Each activity is represented by one and only A model
one arrow in the network a. an essence of reality
b. Dangling is acceptable in a network diagram b. an approximation
c. Dummy activity consumes no time or c. an idealization
resource. d. all of the above
d. Both A and C
The branch and bound method of solving linear integer
The probabilistic time is given by programming problems is __________.
a. (to + 2tp + tm)/4 a. a graphical solution
b. (to + 4tp + tm)/6 b. an enumeration method
c. (to + tp + 4tm)/6 c. a relaxation method
d. (to + tp + tm)/3 d. an integer method

A decision model often captures interactions and A dummy activity is used to show a precedence
trade-offs between certain variables or quantities of relationship, but it does not represent a
interest. TRUE a. a relationship between activities
b. change in relationship
In a linear programming problem, a valid objective c. real activity
function can be represented as a: d. passage of time
a. Max Z 5x2 + 2y2
b. Max 3x + 3y + 1/3z A transportation table that has a cell evaluation of 0
c. Min (x1 + x2) / x3 means that
d. Max Z = 5xy a. a supply and demand are equal
b. an equivalent alternative solution exists
A model c. the table is optimal
a. all of the above d. the solution is not optimal
b. forces a manager to be explicit about
objectives Slack may be positive, zero, or negative. TRUE
c. forces a manager to identify explicitly the types
of decisions that influence objectives Aggregated data contain more information than do
d. forces a manager to recognize explicitly disaggregated data. FALSE
constraints placed on the values that variables
can Data are used in building models. FALSE
e. assume
Which of the following special cases does not require
“What if” models are only useful for examining reformulation of the problem in order to obtain a
changes in the values of decision variables. TRUE solution?
a. alternate optimality
The __________ property of linear programming b. infeasibility
models indicates that the rate of change or slope of the c. each one of these cases requires
objective function or a constraint is constant. reformulation
 OPERATIONS RESEARCH 1 (CONCEPTS)

d. unboundedness

An event is a function of two or more activities. TRUE

Models usually ignore much of the world. FALSE

The start or completion of task is called

a. a duration
b. an activity
c. an event
d. none of the choices

Dummy activities are used to

a. determine the project completion time
b. maintain the required network
c. None of the choices
d. determine critical path

PERT requires
a. None of the choices
b. double time estimate
c. triple time estimate
d. single time estimate

The more complicated the model, the more useful it

generally is. FALSE

An important role of management can be the

evaluation of a model (determining whether a model
should be used and its results implemented) TRUE

The __________ property of linear programming

models indicates that the rate of change or slope of the
objective function or a constraint is constant.
a. divisibility
b. proportionality
c. certainty
d. additive

In a transshipment problem, items may be transported

a. from one transshipment point to another
b. all of the choices
c. from destination to destination
d. directly from sources to destinations

A model
a. is a tool for the decision maker
b. is rarely revised once it has been constructed
c. cannot be useful unless it mirrors a real
situation in great detail
d. all of the above