CKFHMNDF@H K NHYHU^K
Md cdckmtd quk H R`ih cdrrku k hehmidmdu skus b`fgds md ndmt`mkmtk ik Dphtg, hs nr`hturhs ndckïhrhc h nkikr
h uc ikfãr`d ndfkt`vd k kmfduquknkr pkrhmtk d he`scd `mb`m`td quk à d b`c. Hs dutrhs Ikushs k ds Y`tîs `mtkrv`krhc
mh kspkrhmïh ik shfvhr suhs nr`hïûks k hs nr`hïûks ih Ikush Ch`dr. Bd` hss`c quk suro`rhc hs Ckfhmndf`hs.

Ckfhmndf`hs sîd bdrïhs quk sk hpf`nhc sderk h v`ih ids Fkohids k skrvkc ndcd bkrrhckmth mhrrht`vh
pdtkmtk phrh nr`hr s`tuhïûks trèo`nhs.

Ykms`dmhr h Ckfhmndf`h
Nhih Fkohid tkc uch brhsk quk iktkrc`mh ndcd à suh Ckfhmndf`h. Zdik skr hfod i`rktd du ch`s hekrtd k pdàt`nd.

H `mtkrprkthïîd ih Ckfhmndf`h à thrkbh id Ckstrk k ids Ldohidrks, quk pdikc h quhfqukr cdckmtd nr`hr uch
s`tuhïî
s`tuhïîd
d phrh
phrh ‖Y‖Ykms
kms`dm
`dmhr
hr h Ckf
Ckfhmn
hmndf`
df`h–
h– ik uc pkrsdm
pkrsdmhok
hokcc (Ldohi
(Ldohidr
drks
ks sþ pdikc
pdikc bhz
bhzkr
kr `ss
`ssd
d ndc skus
pkrsdmhokms). @ssd s`om`b`nh quk h Ckfhmndf`h okrdu uch nkmh irhcht`nhckmtk `mtkrksshmtk, ndc d pkrsdmhokc
skmid ndfdnhid kc r`snd du s`cpfksckmtk nr`hmid hfod quk ds Ldohidrks tkmghc odsthid cu`td.

Xuhmid `ssd hndmtknkr, d Ldohidr rknkek uc ‖Zdmtd ik Nhthrsk– (ZN) quk pdik skr ut`f`zhid ik hfouchs bdrchs
(iksnr`ths h brkmtk). Ydid Ldohidr `m`n`h uch skssîd ik ldod skc ZN k pdik tkr uc cèx`cd ik ZN `ouhf h
quhmt`ihik ik Z^ quk sku pkrsdmhokc h`mih pdssu` i`spdmãvk`s.

Zdmtds ik Nhthrsk
Zdmtds ik Nhthrsk (ZN) sîd ut`f`zhids
ut`f`zhids phrh nr`hr s`tuhïûk
s`tuhïûkss `mtkrksshmtks
`mtkrksshmtks k àp`nhs iurhmtk
iurhmtk d ldod. Yrhoài
Yrhoài`hs
`hs
pdssukc skcprk cdckmtds k s`tuhïûks dmik ds pkrsdmhokms supkrhc kxpkntht`vhs quk nr`hturhs cumihmhs mîd
ndmskou`r`hc.

Kx`stkc iuhs bdrchs pr`mn`ph`s ik ohsthr ZN<

◄   Zdik-sk ohsthr 8 ZN phrh rdfhr uc Ihid ik ^drtk k sdchr md rrksufthid

ksufthid ik uch rdfhokc1
rdfhokc1
◄   Zdik-
Zdik-sk
sk ohsthr 8 ZN phrh rdfhr
rdfhr uc Ihid ik ^drtk k suetrh`r
suetrh`r md rk
rksufthi
sufthid d ik uch rdfho
rdfhokc
kc ik dutrd
pkrsdmhokc kc hfnhmnk cài`d1
◄   Zdi
Zdik-s
k-skk ohs
ohsthr
thr 8 ZN phrh
phrh hi`
hi`n`d
n`dmhr
mhr uc pkqukm
pkqukmdd ikt
ikthfg
hfgkk kc uch nkmh quk d pkrsd pkrsdmhomhokc
kc kst
kstklh
klh
kmvdfv`id
kmvdf v`id hpþs ndmsko
ndmskou`r
u`r uc sunkss
sunkssd
d ch`dr (vkr pèo`mh WWW) . Kssh ut`fut`f`zhïîd
`zhïîd à ch`s hekrth,
hekrth, k pdik
ksthr
ksthr du mîd mîd i`
i`sp
spdm
dmãv
ãvkf
kf kc suh suh ck
cksh
sh ik ldod
ldod.. Or
Orupd
updss ch
ch`s
`s bd
bdnh
nhid
idss kc nr nr`h
`hrr uch
uch mhrr
mhrrht
ht`v
`vhh
ndcphrt`fghi
ndcphr t`fghihh pdikc odsth
odsthrr ikssh dpïîd, kmquhm
kmquhmtd
td quk dutrds orupds pdikc iktk iktksthr
sthr.. Kssh à uch
cknåm`nh nr`hih phrh okrhr chtkr`hf nìm`nd `mtkrksshmtk, irhcèt`nd k àp`nd - chs quk prkn`sh skcprk
i`hfdohr ndc h prdpdsth ik ldod id orupd.

H ^DCEUH
^kc iüv`ihs, h kmt`ihik ch`s pdikrdsh ik  ^aybhff UZO à
UZO  à ‖H ^dcerh–. Hpkshr ik, pdr vkzks, skr rktrhthih ndcd
uch i`v`mihik, H ^dcerh à cu`td ch`s quk `ssd. Kfh à d ikskld fhtkmtk md ndrhïîd ik tdids hqukfks quk hfcklhc
hfod ch`dr id quk h v`ih. Mdrchfckmtk kfh à, thceàc, d cdt`vd ik suh qukih.

Kmquhmtd kmt`ihik, H ^dcerh kx`stk bdrh ihs f`c`thïûks ik tkcpd k ksphïd k htuh ik chmk`rh dm`prkskmtk
k prht`nhckmtk dm`pdtkmtk. Kfh à H Orhmik Mkodn`hidrh, Hqukfh Xuk Ndmnkik Iksklds k H Ihch id Ndrhïîd
Hrikmtk. Zkrsdmhokms kc s`tuhïûks ikshb`hidrhs pdikc pki`r huxãf`d i‐H ^dcerh, chs `ssd vkc ndc uc prkïd.

Zdmtds ik ^dcerh
Ydid pkrsdmhokc rknàc nr`hid ndckïh ndc uch rkskrvh ik ; Zdmtds ik ^dcerh (Z^). Kssh à uch rkskrvh
b`m`th quk rkprkskmth d quîd purh kstè h hfch ik uch nr`hturh k mîd kx`stkc bdrchs mhturh`s ik rknupkrhr Z^.
Xuhmtd ch`s pdmtds vdnì tkc mh suh rkskrvh, ch`s purh à suh hfch k `ssd à v`sãvkf. H sdcerh quk sku pkrsdmhokc
 

prdlkth md ngîd b`nh ckmdr ik hndrid ndc h quhmt`ihik ik Z^ quk h`mih tkc kc suh rkskrvh. Xuhmtd ckmds
pdmtds vdnì tkc, ckmdr à h suh sdcerh, htà d cdckmtd kc quk vdnì mîd tkc ch`s Z^ k suh sdcerh ikshphrknk.

H quhfqukr cdckmtd, uc pkrsdmhokc pdik ushr uch hïîd f`vrk (ckscd `mndmsn`kmtk) phrh pki`r huxãf`d i‐H
^dcerh.

H ^dcerh pdik ndmnkikr hfoums iksklds k bhvdrks ês nusths ik uc du ch`s Z^. D ikskld ch`s ndcuc à h
nghchih ‖^koumih Nghmnk–, dmik uc pkrsdmhokc pdik rkbhzkr uc tkstk quk hnhedu ik rkhf`zhr, chs ikvk b`nhr
ndc d skoumid rksufthid. H ^dcerh thceàc pdik ihr uch ^koumih Nghmnk kc rdfhokms id Ihid ik ^drtk, d quk
à rkhfckmtk üt`f kc s`tuhïûks quk d pkrsdmhokc kstè md Ndrrkidr ih Cdrtk.

@mnkmt`vhcds quk ldohidrks sklhc nr`ht`vds md usd ih ^dcerh k quk uskc h thekfh heh`xd ndcd ou`h phrh
skus iksklds.

Yhekfh 8-88< Zki`ids ê ^dcerh

Nustd kc Z^ Iks
kskkld
8   Ukbhzkr uch rdfhokc.
8   Bdrïhr uc pkrsdmhokc kmvdfv`id
mh ckckscschh nkmh
nkmh h rk rkbh
bhzk
zkrr uch
rdfhokc.
5   Ho`r bdrh ih suh vkz mh `m`n`ht`vh,
ho`mid
ho`mid kc uc tur turmd
md ndcpfk
ndcpfktd.td.
@ssd mîd suest`tu` sku turmd mkssk
ndcehtk (pdikmid ho`r,
ksskmn
ksskmn`hf
`hfckm
ckmtk,
tk, iuh
iuhss vkzks
vkzks kc
uch rdihih).
>   Iupf`
Iupf`nhr
nhr d kbk`t
kbk`td
d ik uch cho`h,
sklh
sklh kfh ndmgk
ndmgkn`i
n`ihh du mîd,
mîd, skc
ohst
ohsthr
hr ZC ZC.. Rdndnìì h`mi
h`mihh pdpdik
ik
ohsthr ZC hi`n`dmh`s phrh
hpr`cdrhr h cho`h. D nãrnufd ih
cho`h
cho `h ikp
ikpkmi
kmikk id sku mãvkmãvkff ik
pkrsdm
pkr sdmhok
hokc<
c< 8¼ phr
phrhh mãv
mãvkf
kf 81 5¼
phrh mãvkf ;1 >¼ phrh mãvkf 0 k 9¼
phrh mãvkf 8>.

NDM^[C@MID ^[H ^DCEUH

Hfàc ih suh rksk
rkskrvh
rvh ik Z^ skr f`c`thih
f`c`thih d ndmsuc
ndmsucd
d ikstk rknursd tkc ndmskquìmn`
ndmskquìmn`hs
hs skvkrhs.
skvkrhs. Ds pr`ck`rds
pr`ck`rds id`s
pdmtds mîd pdssukc ndmskquìmn`h `cki`hth h mîd skr tkr suh sdcerh f`ok`rhckmtk ckmdr quk ihs pkssdhs h suh
vdfth.

D tkrnk`rd
tkrnk`rd pdmtd ohstd nhush uc `cphntd orhmik kc suh v`ih ik hvkmturk`rd.
hvkmturk`rd. H phrt`r ikssk cdckmtd
cdckmtd
vdnì rknupkrh hpkmhs ckthik ids ZR htrhvàs ik quhfqukr rknursd quk mîd sklh d iksnhmsd.

D üft`cd pdmtd à h`mih ch`s skvkrd, dmik vdnì mîd rknupkrh ch`s ZR ndc quhfqukr rknursd quk mîd sklh
d iksnhmsd.

H ^DUYK
Hvkm
vkmtur
turk`r
k`rds
ds hnhe
hnhehc
hc rkndr
rkndrrkm
rkmid
id ê i`v
i`v`mi
`mihik
hik kc cdckmt
cdckmtds
ds ik orhmik
orhmik mknks
mknkss`i
s`ihik
hik,, skl
sklhh kmquhm
kmquhmtd
td kstîd
kstîd
kmndmtrhmid H Cdrtk
Cdrtk du quhmid sk pkrnkekc kc uc cdckmtd ik orhmik mknkss`ihik.
 

Yrhiuz`cds kssh `mtkrvkmïîd ih bdrtumh ndc h cknåm`nh id ‖Ihid ik ^drtk–. ^kcprk quk hfouch
ghe`f`ihik du s`tuhïîd pki`r h rdfhokc ik uc Ihid ik ^drtk rdfk 8i2. Kc hfouchs s`tuhïûks vdnì `rè sdchr d
rksufthid id Ihid ik ^drtk kc uch rdfhokc k kc dutrhs sku ikst`md ikpkmikrè id rksufthid purd.