PHY 130

CHAPTER 7
ROTATIONAL MOTION

Mardhiah Abdullah
Faculty Of Applied Sciences
UiTM Cawangan Terengganu
Kampus Bukit Besi
[email protected]
 7.1
ROTATIONAL
MOTION
PARAMETER

ROTATIONAL
MOTION
7.3
RELATIONSHIP 7.2
BETWEEN ROTATIONAL
LINEAR AND MOTION WITH
ROTATIONAL CONSTANT
MOTION ANGULAR
PARAMETERS ACCELERATION

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LESSON OUTCOMES
Ø Able to define and write equations for the angular quantities in
rotational motion.
Ø Able to define and analyze rotational motion with constant angular
acceleration problems.
Ø Able to state and define the formula for torque in terms of the angular
acceleration and the moment of inertia.
Ø Able to explain the effect of moment of inertia of an object undergoing
rotational motion.

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 7.1 ROTATIONAL MOTION PARAMETER

Ø Rotational or circular motion is rotational around a circle.

Ø When a rigid object rotates about a fixed axis, each point of the object
moves in a circular path.
Ø A uniform circular motion occurs when an object moves in a circle with
constant speed.
Ø Each point moves through the same angle during a particular time
interval.

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 7.1 ROTATIONAL MOTION PARAMETER

q Angular position, θ
• Angular position, θ (unit: rad) is the ratio of the arc length, s and radius,
r, of the corresponding circle.

s
θ= r
r s
θ
where: O
θ = angular displacement/angle (in rad)
r = radius of the circular path. (in meter)
s = length of arc (in meter)

• For a complete circle ( 1 revolution)

θ =2π and s = 2πr

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 7.1 ROTATIONAL MOTION PARAMETER

q Angular Displacement, Δθ
• Angular displacement, Δθ (unit: rad) is the angle turned by an object
about reference axis.
• When an object (e.g the bicycle wheel) rotates from some initial point,
θ1, to some final point, θ2, its angular displacement is

∆𝜃 = 𝜃$ − 𝜃&

• For a complete circle,

1 revolution= 2π rad = 360°

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 7.1 ROTATIONAL MOTION PARAMETER

q Angular velocity, ω
• Angular velocity (ω) is defined as the rate of change of angular
displacement.
𝜃
𝜔=
𝑡
• The unit is rad/s.
• All parts of a rigid object rotating about a fixed axis have the same
angular velocity at any instant.
• The average of angular displacement is defined as

∆𝜃
𝜔
)=
∆𝑡

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 7.1 ROTATIONAL MOTION PARAMETER

q Angular acceleration, α
• Angular velocity (ω) is defined as the rate of change of angular velocity.

*
α=
+

• The unit is rad/s2.

• The average of angular displacement is defined as

∆𝜔 𝜔. − 𝜔/
𝛼, = =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡

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7.1 ROTATIONAL MOTION PARAMETER

q Frequency. f

• We can relate the angular velocity ω to the frequency of rotation, f.

• The frequency is the number of complete revolutions (rev) per second

w
f = or ω = 2pf
2p
• the unit for f is hertz (Hz). That is 1 Hz = 1 rev/s

q Period, T
• The time required for one complete revolution is called the period T,
and it is related to the frequency by
1
T=
f
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 7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR
ACCELERATION
The equations of motion for constant angular acceleration are the same as
those for linear motion, with the substitution of the angular quantities for
the linear ones.

Equation of linear motion Equation of rotational

motion
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 𝜔 = 𝜔4 + 𝛼𝑡
𝑣 $ = 𝑢$ + 2𝑎𝑠 𝜔$ = 𝜔4 $ + 2𝛼∆𝜃
s= 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 $
& 1
$ ∆𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡 $
2

s=
&
𝑢+𝑣 𝑡 1
$ ∆𝜃 = 𝜔 + 𝜔4 𝑡
2

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7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR
ACCELERATION

Example 1

A wheel turning with angular speed of 30 rev/s is brought to rest with

constant acceleration. It turns 60 revolutions before it stops.
a) What is its angular acceleration?
b) What time elapsed before it stops?

Solution: (a) wo = 30 rps = 30(2p ) rad / s = 60p rad / s

w =0
q - q o = 60 revolutions = 60(2p ) rad = 120p rad

Þ w 2 = wo2 + 2a (q - q o )
0 = (60p ) 2 + 2a (120p )
3600p 2
a =- = -47 rad / s 2
240p
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7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR
ACCELERATION

1
(b) q -q o= (w + wo )t
2
2(q -q o) 2(120p )
t= =
w + wo 60p
t = 4s

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7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR
ACCELERATION

Exercise 1

1. An object rotates through 2.35 rotations. Calculate the angular

displacement in
a. Radian
b. Degrees
(Ans: (a) 14.77 rad, (b) 846o)

2. A wheel rotates at a constant angular velocity of 1.5 rads-1. What is the

angular displacement of a point on rim of the wheel after 2.0 minutes?
(Ans: 180 rad)

3. An object rotates with constant angular velocity and makes 5.6

revolutions in 1.5 s. what is the angular velocity?
(Ans: 23.46 rads-1).

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7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR
ACCELERATION

Exercise 2

1. A fan was rotating at 2.0 revolutions per second slows down uniformly
and it stops after 5.0 s. Calculate its angular acceleration.
(Ans: -2.50 rads-2).

2. A wheel of radius 50 cm is speeded up uniformly from rest to a speed

of 1200 rpm in 30 s. Calculate
a. The angular acceleration of the wheel.
b. The tangential acceleration of a point on its rim.)
(Ans; (a) 4.19 rads-1, (b) 2.10 m.rads-2)(past year:Sept2011)

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7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR
ACCELERATION

3. The tires of a Myvi car make 65 revolutions as the car reduces its
speed uniformly from 80 kmh-1 to 30 kmh-1. The tires have a diameter
of 8.0 m. What was the angular acceleration of the tires? (Past
year:oct2010).

4. A wheel 25.0 cm in radius turning at 120 rpm increases its frequency

to 600 rpm in 9.0 s. Find the constant angular acceleration in rads-2.
(Past year:apr2011)

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7.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINEAR AND ROTATIONAL
MOTION PARAMETERS
• We can relate the linear quantities at each point , v and a, to the angular
quantities of the rotating object, ω and α.
• If the object rotates with angular velocity ω, any point will have a linear
velocity whose direction is tangent to its circular path.

Δs Δθ
v= =r
Δt Δt
Linear and angular velocity related

v = rω where:
v = linear velocity
ω = angular velocity

• Therefore, objects farther from the axis of rotation will move faster.

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7.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINEAR AND ROTATIONAL
MOTION PARAMETERS

• If the angular velocity of a rotating object changes, the object has an angular
acceleration.
• Each point has a linear acceleration whose direction is tangent to that point’s
circular path.
Δv Δw
a tan = =r
Δt Δt
atan = ra
Where:
r = radius
α = angular acceleration

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7.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINEAR AND ROTATIONAL
MOTION PARAMETERS

• If the angular velocity, ω of a rotating object constant, each point on the object
has a radial /centripetal acceleration, ar .

v 2 (rw )2
ac = = = ω2 r
r r

• On a rotating wheel whose angular speed is increasing, a point P has both

tangential and centripetal (radial) components of linear acceleration.
• The total linear acceleration at this point is:
𝑎 = 𝑎+89 + 𝑎:

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7.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINEAR AND ROTATIONAL
MOTION PARAMETERS

Linear Type Rotational Relation

x displacement θ x = rθ
v velocity ω v = rω
atan acceleration α atan = rα

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