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C#
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In this article, we will learn everything about different types of operators in C#
programming language and how to use them.

Operators are symbols that are used to perform operations on operands. Operands
may be variables and/or constants.

For example, in 2+3 , + is an operator that is used to carry out addition operation,
while 2 and 3 are operands.

Operators are used to manipulate variables and values in a program. C# supports a

number of operators that are classified based on the type of operations they
perform.

1. Basic Assignment Operator

Basic assignment operator (=) is used to assign values to variables. For example,

double x;
x = 50.05;

Here, 50.05 is assigned to x.

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using System;
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namespace
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{
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class AssignmentOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int firstNumber, secondNumber;
// Assigning a constant to variable
firstNumber = 10;
Console.WriteLine("First Number = {0}", firstNumber);

// Assigning a variable to another variable

secondNumber = firstNumber;
Console.WriteLine("Second Number = {0}", secondNumber);
}
}
}

When we run the program, the output will be:

First Number = 10
Second Number = 10

This is a simple example that demonstrates the use of assignment operator.

You might have noticed the use of curly brackets { } in the example. We will
discuss about them in string formatting. For now, just keep in mind that {0} is
replaced by the first variable that follows the string, {1} is replaced by the second
variable and so on.

2. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.

For example,

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int x = 5;
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intOFF
y = 10;
int z = x +Nowy;// z = 15

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C# Arithmetic Operators
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Operator Operator Name Example

+ Addition Operator 6 + 3 evaluates to 9

- Subtraction Operator 10 - 6 evaluates to 4

* Multiplication Operator 4 * 2 evaluates to 8

/ Division Operator 10 / 5 evaluates to 2

% Modulo Operator (Remainder) 16 % 3 evaluates to 1

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using System;
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namespace
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{
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class ArithmeticOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
double firstNumber = 14.40, secondNumber = 4.60, result;
int num1 = 26, num2 = 4, rem;

// Addition operator
result = firstNumber + secondNumber;
Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", firstNumber, second

// Subtraction operator
result = firstNumber - secondNumber;
Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} = {2}", firstNumber, second

// Multiplication operator
result = firstNumber * secondNumber;
Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} = {2}", firstNumber, second

// Division operator
result = firstNumber / secondNumber;
Console.WriteLine("{0} / {1} = {2}", firstNumber, second

// Modulo operator

When we run the program, the output will be:

14.4 + 4.6 = 19
14.4 - 4.6 = 9.8
14.4 * 4.6 = 66.24
14.4 / 4.6 = 3.1304347826087
26 % 4 = 2

Arithmetic operations are carried out in the above example. Variables can be
replaced by constants in the statements. For example,

result = 4.5 + 2.7 ; // result will hold 7.2

result = firstNumber - 3.2; // result will hold 11.2

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3. Relational
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Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands. If
the relationship
Searchistutorials
true the & result will be
examples true , otherwise it will result in false .
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Relational operators are used inwww.domain-name.com
decision making and loops.

C# Relational Operators

Operator Operator Name Example

== Equal to 6 == 4 evaluates to false

> Greater than 3 > -1 evaluates to true

< Less than 5 < 3 evaluates to false

>= Greater than or equal to 4 >= 4 evaluates to true

<= Less than or equal to 5 <= 3 evaluates to false

!= Not equal to 10 != 2 evaluates to true

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using System;
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namespace
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{
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class RelationalOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
bool result;
int firstNumber = 10, secondNumber = 20;

result = (firstNumber==secondNumber);
Console.WriteLine("{0} == {1} returns {2}",firstNumber,

result = (firstNumber > secondNumber);

Console.WriteLine("{0} > {1} returns {2}",firstNumber, s

result = (firstNumber < secondNumber);

Console.WriteLine("{0} < {1} returns {2}",firstNumber, s

result = (firstNumber >= secondNumber);

Console.WriteLine("{0} >= {1} returns {2}",firstNumber,

result = (firstNumber <= secondNumber);

Console.WriteLine("{0} <= {1} returns {2}",firstNumber,

result = (firstNumber != secondNumber);

Console.WriteLine("{0} != {1} returns {2}",firstNumber,

When we run the program, the output will be:

10 == 20 returns False
10 > 20 returns False
10 < 20 returns True
10 >= 20 returns False
10 <= 20 returns True
10 != 20 returns True

4. Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to perform logical operation such as and , or . Logical
operators operates on boolean expressions ( true and false ) and returns boolean
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Operand 1 Operand 2 OR (||) AND (&&)
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true true true true

true false true false

false true true false

false false false false

In simple words, the table can be summarized as:

If one of the operand is true, the OR operator will evaluate it to true .

If one of the operand is false, the AND operator will evaluate it to false .

Example 4: Logical Operators

using System;

namespace Operator
{
class LogicalOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
bool result;
int firstNumber = 10, secondNumber = 20;

// OR operator
result = (firstNumber == secondNumber) || (firstNumber > 5)
Console.WriteLine(result);

// AND operator
result = (firstNumber == secondNumber) && (firstNumber > 5)
Console.WriteLine(result);
}
}
}

When we run the program, the output will be:

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False
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5. Unary Operators

Unlike other operators, the unary operators operates on a single operand.

C# unary operators

Operator Operator Name Description

+ Unary Plus Leaves the sign of operand as it is

- Unary Minus Inverts the sign of operand

++ Increment Increment value by 1

-- Decrement Decrement value by 1

! Logical Negation (Not) Inverts the value of a boolean

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using System;
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namespace
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{ www.domain-name.com
class UnaryOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int number = 10, result;
bool flag = true;

result = +number;
Console.WriteLine("+number = " + result);

result = -number;
Console.WriteLine("-number = " + result);

result = ++number;
Console.WriteLine("++number = " + result);

result = --number;
Console.WriteLine("--number = " + result);

Console.WriteLine("!flag = " + (!flag));

}
}
}

When we run the program, the output will be:

+number = 10
-number = -10
++number = 11
--number = 10
!flag = False

The increment (++) and decrement (--) operators can be used as prefix and
postfix. If used as prefix, the change in value of variable is seen on the same line
and if used as postfix, the change in value of variable is seen on the next line. This
will be clear by the example below.

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using System;
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namespace
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{
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class UnaryOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int number = 10;

Console.WriteLine((number++));
Console.WriteLine((number));

Console.WriteLine((++number));
Console.WriteLine((number));
}
}
}

When we run the program, the output will be:

10
11
12
12

We can see the effect of using ++ as prefix and postfix. When ++ is used after the
operand, the value is first evaluated and then it is incremented by 1 . Hence the
statement

Console.WriteLine((number++));

prints 10 instead of 11 . After the value is printed, the value of number is

incremented by 1 .

The process is opposite when ++ is used as prefix. The value is incremented before
printing. Hence the statement

Console.WriteLine((++number));

prints 12 .
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6. Ternary Operator www.domain-name.com

The ternary operator ? : operates on three operands. It is a shorthand for

if-then-else statement. Ternary operator can be used as follows:

variable = Condition? Expression1 : Expression2;

The ternary operator works as follows:

If the expression stated by Condition is true , the result of Expression1 is

assigned to variable.

If it is false , the result of Expression2 is assigned to variable.

Example 7: Ternary Operator

using System;

namespace Operator
{
class TernaryOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int number = 10;
string result;

result = (number % 2 == 0)? "Even Number" : "Odd Number";

Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1}", number, result);
}
}
}

When we run the program, the output will be:

10 is Even Number

To learn more, visit C# ternary operator.

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7. Bitwise
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Bitwise and bit shift operators are used to perform bit manipulation operations.
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Operator Operator Name

~ Bitwise Complement

& Bitwise AND

| Bitwise OR

^ Bitwise Exclusive OR

<< Bitwise Left Shift

>> Bitwise Right Shift

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using System;
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namespace
(/) Operator
{
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class BitOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int firstNumber = 10;
int secondNumber = 20;
int result;

result = ~firstNumber;
Console.WriteLine("~{0} = {1}", firstNumber, result);

result = firstNumber & secondNumber;

Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", firstNumber,secondN

result = firstNumber | secondNumber;

Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", firstNumber,secondN

result = firstNumber ^ secondNumber;

Console.WriteLine("{0} ^ {1} = {2}", firstNumber,secondN

result = firstNumber << 2;

Console.WriteLine("{0} << 2 = {1}", firstNumber, result)

result = firstNumber >> 2;

When we run the program, the output will be:

~10 = -11
10 & 20 = 0
10 | 20 = 30
10 ^ 20 = 30
10 << 2 = 40
10 >> 2 = 2

To learn more, visit C# Bitwise and Bit Shift operator.

8. Compound Assignment Operators

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+= Now Addition Assignment
x += 5 x = x + 5
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-= (/) Subtraction Assignment x -= 5 x = x - 5
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*= Multiplication Assignment x *= 5 x = x * 5

/= Division Assignment x /= 5 x = x / 5

%= Modulo Assignment x %= 5 x = x % 5

&= Bitwise AND Assignment x &= 5 x = x & 5

|= Bitwise OR Assignment x |= 5 x = x | 5

^= Bitwise XOR Assignment x ^= 5 x = x ^ 5

<<= Left Shift Assignment x <<= 5 x = x << 5

>>= Right Shift Assignment x >>= 5 x = x >> 5

=> Lambda Operator x => x*x Returns x*x

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using System;
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namespace
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class BitOperator
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int number = 10;

number += 5;
Console.WriteLine(number);

number -= 3;
Console.WriteLine(number);

number *= 2;
Console.WriteLine(number);

number /= 3;
Console.WriteLine(number);

number %= 3;
Console.WriteLine(number);

number &= 10;

Console.WriteLine(number);

number |= 14;

When we run the program, the output will be:

15
12
24
8
2
2
14
2
8
1

We will discuss about Lambda operators in later tutorial.

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