ALAGU JOTHI ACADEMY

An International Standard CBSE Sr. Sec. School

CLASS XII CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET ANSWER KEY

CHAPTER 1 – SOLUTIONS
NUMERICALS

1 The density of water of a lake is 1.25 g mL–1 and one kg of this water contains 92 g of Na+ ions. What
2
is the molarity and molality of Na+ ions in the water of the lake? (Atomic mass of Na = 23.00 u)

ANS:

2 A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a vapour

pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure 2
water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)

ANS:

3 Find the boiling point of a solution containing 0.520 g of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 80.2 g of
2
water. [Given: Kb for water = 0.52 K/m]

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 ANS:

4 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50.0 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene
by 0.40 K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K kg mol–1. Find the molar mass 2
of the solute.

ANS:

5 A 0.561m solution of an unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by 2.93 °C. What is
van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point depression constant (K f) for water is 1.86 °C 2
kg mol–1.

ANS:

6 The elevation in boiling point of 0.1 molal solution of X in water is 0.1536 °C. What conclusion do
you draw about the molecular state of X? 2
[Given: Kb = 0.512 K kg mol–1]

ANS: Solute undergoes dissociation in water. It

is a strong electrolyte.

7 An electrolyte AB is 50% ionised in aqueous solution. Calculate the freezing point of 1 molal aqueous
2
solution.

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 ANS: Freezing point of
solution = 273 – 2.79 = 270.21 K

8 Find out the molar mass of X when 100 g of ‘X’ is dissolved in 500 mL of solution if molarity of
2
solution is 0.5.

ANS:

9 Calculate the boiling point of 1 molar solution of solute (Molar mass 74.5 g mol–1). The density of
2
solution is 1.04 g mL–1 and Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol–1.

ANS: where ‘M’ is molarity, ‘m’ is molality, ‘d’ is

density and M.Wt is molecular weight. Now, ∆T b = m × Kb = 1.0357 × 0.52 = 0.5385 ∴ Boiling point
of solution = 373 + 0.5385 = 373.5385 K.

10 The freezing point of a solution composed of 5.85 g of NaCl in 100 g of water is –3.348 °C. Calculate
2
the van’t Hoff factor ‘i’ for this solution. Kf (water) = 1.86 K kg mol–1.

ANS:

11 Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2—CH2OH is added to your car’s cooling system along with 5 kg of
water. If the freezing point of water glycol solution is –15 °C, what is the boiling point of the solution? 3
[Kb = 0.52 K kg mol–1, Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1]

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 ANS:

12 What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it dissolved in 24.0 g of chloroform forms a
solution that has a boiling point of 68.04 °C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.7 °C and the 3
boiling point elevation constant, Kb for chloroform is 3.63 °C/m.

ANS:

13 What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol–1) must be added to 5.50 kg of water to lower
3
the freezing point of water from 0 °C to –10.0 °C? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1)

ANS:

14 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution
3
freezes at – 0.34 °C. What is the molar mass of the substance? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1)

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 ANS:

15 A solution of urea in water has a boiling point of 373.128 K. Calculate the freezing point of the same
3
solution. [Given: For water, Kf = 1.86 Km–1, Kb = 0.52 Km–1]

ANS:

16 Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol–1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to
3
lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol–1).

ANS:

17 Calculate the amount of sodium chloride which must be added to one kilogram of water so that the
freezing point of water is depressed by 3 K. [Given: Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1, Atomic mass: Na = 23.0, Cl 3
= 35.5]

ANS:

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18 0.1 mole of acetic acid was dissolved in 1 kg of benzene. Depression in freezing point of benzene was
determined to be 0.256 K. What conclusion can you draw about the state of the solute in solution? 3
[Given: Kf for benzene = 5.12 K/m]

ANS:

19 Calculate the amount of CaCl2 (molar mass 111 g mol–1) which must be added to 500 g of water to
3
lower the freezing point by 2K, assuming CaCl2 is completely dissociated. (Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1)

ANS:

20 3.9 g of Benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 K.
Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated). (Given; 3
Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol–1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol–1)

ANS: Since ‘i’ is close to 0.5, therefore, solute

associates, i.e. exists as dimer.

21 Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol–1) to be dissolved in 37.2 g of water to lower the
freezing point by 2 °C, assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg 3
mol–1)

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 ANS:

22 6.90 M solution of KOH in water contains 30% by mass of KOH. Calculate density and molality of
3
KOH solution. [K = 39, O = 16, H = 1]

ANS:

23 The Henry’s Law constant for oxygen dissolved in water is 4.34×104atm at 25 °C. If the partial
3
pressure of oxygen in air is 0.2 atm, calculate the solubility of oxygen in water at 25 °C.

ANS:

24 Vapour pressure of water at 20 °C is 17.5 mm Hg, Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 20 °C
3
when 15 g glucose (molecular weight 180 g mol–1) is dissolved in 150 g of water.

ANS:

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25 A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g non-voltale solute in 95 g of water. It has vapour pressure of
23.375 mm of Hg at 25 °C. Calculate the molar mass of solute. (Vapour pressure of pure water at 25 3
°C = 23.75 mm of Hg)

ANS:

26 Calculate the normal boiling point of a sample of sea water containing 3.5% of NaCl and 0.13% of
MgCl2 by mass. [Given Kb (water) = 0.52 K kg mol–1, Mol. Wt. of NaCl = 58.5 g mol–1, MgCl2 = 95 g 3
mol–1].

ANS: Assuming complete dissociation of NaCl and MgCl2, i.e. 1 mole of NaCl produces 2 moles of
species and 1 mole of MgCl2 produces 3 moles of species.

27 An aqueous solution of 3.12 g of BaCl2 in 250 g of water is found to boil at 100.0832 °C. Calculate the
3
degree of dissociation of BaCl2. [Kb (H2O) = 0.52 K/m.]

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 ANS:

28 Calculate the freezing point of a 1 molar aqueous solution of KCl. (Density of solution = 1.04 g cm–3,
3
Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1, At. Wt. of K = 39 and Cl = 35.5)

ANS:

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 The molecular masses of polymers are determined by osmotic pressure method and nor by
2
measuring other colligative properties. Give two reasons.

ANS: (i) It is measured at room temperature.

(ii) It has appreciable value.

2 State Raoult’s Law for a solution containing volatile components. How does Raoult’s law become a
2
special case of Henry’s Law?

ANS: Raoult’s law for volatile components: It states that vapour pressure of each component is
directly proportional to its mole fraction.

pA = pA° xA In solution of gas in liquid, one of the component is so volatile that it exists as gas and
its solubility is given by Henry’s law, p = KH .x
Only difference between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law is KH differs from p A°.
Thus, Raoult’s law becomes a special case of Henry’s law in which KH becomes equal to p A°.
3 How is vapour pressure of solvent affected when a non volatile solute is dissolved in it? 2

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 ANS: When a non-volatile solute is added to solvent, vapour pressure of solution decreases
because surface molecules consist of both solute and solvent molecules so escaping tendency of
solvent molecules into vapours decreases.

4 Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics. 2

ANS: Ideal solution is a solution which follows Raoult’s law.

Characteristics:
(i) The force of attraction between A—A, B—B and A—B are of same order.
(ii) ∆Hmix = 0 (no heat is evolved or absorbed)
(iii) ∆Vmix = 0 (no change in volume)
(iv) Ideal solution can be separated by fractional distillation.

5 Derive expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatile. 2

6 An aqueous solution of solidum chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering in freezing
points of water with the help of a suitable diagram.

ANS: When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, its vapour pressure decreases, therefore, at
a lower temperature, vapour pressure of solid and solution becomes equal, i.e. depression in freezing
point takes place as shown in diagram.

7 Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Give
2
an example.

ANS: Azeotropes are constant boiling mixtures which distill out unchanged in their composition.
Minimum boiling azeotropes are formed by solutions showing positive deviation, e.g. cyclohexane
and ethanol.

8 (i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would
2
you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic solution)? Give reason.

ANS: (i) The resulting solution will show negative deviation from Raoult’s law. The temperature
of solution will increase.
(ii) The cell will swell and even may burst due to inflow of solvent because of osmosis.

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9 Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass of solute. 2

ANS:

10 Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher boiling point than pure solvent?
2
Why is elevation in boiling point is a colligative property?

ANS: When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, its vapour pressure decreases, therefore, it
is to be heated at higher temperature so that its vapour pressure becomes equal to atmospheric
pressure, i.e. its boiling point is raised.
Since elevation in boiling point is directly proportional to molality, i.e. number of mole of solute
particle, therefore, it is a colligative property.

11 What is van’t Hoff factor? What types of values can it have if in forming the solution the solute
2
molecules undergo (i) Dissociation (ii) Association?

ANS: van’t Hoff factor is the ratio of observed colligative property to the normal colligative
property:
(i) i> 1 for dissociation. (ii) i< 1 for association.

12 How does mole fraction of HCl gas in its solution in cyclohexane varies with partial pressure of
HCl(g)? Show with the help of graph? How can we calculate KH with the help of graph? Name two 3
factors which affect the value of KH?

ANS: The mole fraction of HCl gas dissolved in cyclohexane is directly proportional to its partial

pressure. Slope of the straight line = tan θ = KH.

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 KH depends upon (i) nature of gas (ii) temperature.

BOARDBASED QUESTIONS

1 (a) A sample of water was found to contain dissolved oxygen (O 2) to the extent of 5 ppm and
hardness due to Mg2+ is 15 ppm. Calculate the amount of O2 and number of Mg2+ in 1 litre of water
(density of water = 1g/mL). (b) What volume of 98% sulphuric acid (d = 1.84 g cm–3) and what 5
–3
mass of water must be required to prepare 500 cm3 of 15% solution of H 2SO4 (d = 1.10 g cm )? [H
= 1, S = 32, O = 16 u]

ANS:

2 (a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Name the solution which
follows Raoult’s law at all concentrations and temperatures. (b) Calculate the boiling point elevation
5
for a solution prepared by adding 10 g of CaCl2 to 200 g of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol–1,
Molar mass of CaCl2 = 111 g mol–1)

ANS: (a) Raoult’s law: It states that vapour pressure of each component is directly proportional to
its mole fraction when both solute and solvent are volatile.

Ideal solution follows Raoult’s law at all concentrations

and temperatures. (b)

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3 (a) Define the following terms:
(i) Azeotrope (ii) Osmotic pressure (iii) Colligative properties
5
(b) Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/w) solution of H 2SO4 if the density of the solution is 1.02 g
mL–1 (Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98 g mol–1)

ANS: (a) (i) Azeotrope: Those solutions which distill out unchanged in their composition are
called azeotropes. They are constant boiling mixtures.
(ii) Osmotic pressure: It is an extra pressure which must be applied on solution side so as to stop the
flow of solvent molecules into solution when both are separated by a semipermeable membrane.
(iii) Colligative property: The property which depends on the number of particles of solute and not
on the nature of solute is called colligative property. (b)

ANS: (a) Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kg of solvent. It is not affected
by temperature. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution. It
decreases with increase in temperature. (b)

4 (a) List any four factors on which the colligative properties of a solution depend.
(b) Calculate the boiling point of one molar aqueous solution (density 1.06 gmL –1) of KBr. 5
[Given: Kb for H2O = 0.52 K kg mol–1, Atomic mass: K = 39, Br = 80]

ANS: (a) (i) Number of particles of solute

(ii) Association or dissociation of solute
(iii) Concentration of solution
(iv) Temperature (b)

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5 (a) Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law. What are
these deviations and how are they caused?
(b) What mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol–1) must be dissolved in 65 g of water to lower the 5
freezing point by 7.50 °C? The freezing point depression constant, Kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol–1.
Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87.

ANS: (a) Positive Deviation from Raoult’s Law: Those non-ideal solutions, in which partial
pressure of each component ‘A’ and ‘B’ is higher than that calculated from Raoult’s law show
positive deviation from Raoult’s law, e.g. water and ethanol show positive deviation because the
force of attraction between ethanol-water is less than between ethanol-ethanol and waterwater
molecules, therefore, vapour pressure is high.
Negative Deviation from Raoult’s Law: The partial vapour pressure of component ‘A’ is found to be
less than that calculated from Raoult’s law on adding the second component ‘B’ and when A is
added to B, the partial vapour pressure of component ‘B’ is found to be less than that calculated
from Raoult’s law. The total vapour pressure of solution is less than that of ideal solution of same
composition. Boiling point of such solution is relatively higher than the boiling points of A and B
respectively. This type of deviation from ideal behaviour is known as negative deviation from
Raoult’s law, e.g. chloroform and acetone show negative deviation because the force of attraction
between chloroform and acetone is higher than chloroform-chloroform and acetone-acetone
molecules, therefore, vapour pressure is low. (b)

6 (a) Explain why a solution of chloroform and acetone shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
(b) Phenol associates in benzene to certain extent to form a dimer. A solution containing 20 g of
5
phenol in 1.0 kg of benzene has its freezing point lowered by 0.69 K. Calculate the fraction of
phenol that has dimerised. [Given Kf for benzene = 5.1 Km–1]

ANS: (a) It is due to the formation of H-bonding due to which escaping tendency of molecules
and vapour pressure of the solution decrease, and boiling point of the solution increases. Hence, such
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 solution shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law. (b)

7 (a) Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure
as compared to other colligative properties for the determination of molar masses of solutes in
solutions?
5
(b) A solution prepared from 1.25 g of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) in 90.0 g of benzene
has a boiling point of 80.31 °C. Determine the molar mass of this compound. (Boiling point of pure
benzene = 80.10 °C and Kb for benzene = 2.53 °C kg mol–1)

ANS: (a) Osmosis: When a solution is separated from the solvent by a semipermeable membrane
which allows the passage of solvent molecules but does not allow solute particles to pass through it,
there is net flow of solvent molecules from the solvent to the solution which is called osmosis.
Osmotic Pressure: Osmotic pressure may be defined as an extra pressure that must be applied to the
solution side to prevent the flow of solvent into solution through a semipermeable membrane.
Osmotic pressure is determined at room temperature and has appreciable value which can be easily
measured. (b)

8 (a) Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How can we change molality value to
a solution into molarity value. 5
(b) What is the mole fraction of the solute in a 1.00 m aqueous solution

ANS: (a) Molality (m) is the number of moles of the solute dissolved per kg of solvent. Molarity
(M) is the number of moles of the solute dissolved per litre of solution. Molality is not affected by
temperature, whereas molarity is affected by temperature because volume changes with change in

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 temperature. If we know the density of a solution, ‘m’ can be changed into M.

(b)

9 (a) Assuming complete ionisation, calculate the expected freezing point of solution prepared by
dissolving 6.00 g of Glauber’s salt, Na2SO4.10H2O in 0.1 kg of H2O. (Kf for H2O = 1.86 K kg mol–1)
[At. mass of Na = 23, S = 32, O = 16, H = 1 u]. 5
(b) Two liquids X and Y boil at 110 °C and 130 °C respectively. Which of them has higher vapour
pressure at 50 °C ?

ANS: (a)

(b) X has
lower boiling point, therefore, it will vaporise easily and will have higher vapour pressure than Y at
50 °C.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

1. i) d ii) a iii) a iv) b

2. i) b ii) a iii) c iv) a
3. i) d ii) b iii) b iv) d
4. i) a ii) c iii) a iv) b
5. i) b ii) c iii) d iv) a
6. i) a ii) c iii) a OR c (iv) b

ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS

1. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion
2. (c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
3. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
4. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
5. (d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
6. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion
7. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

ENGLISH
State the main advantage of molality over molarity as the unit of concentration. 1
1

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 ANS: Molality is more accurate than molarity because molality does not depend on
temperature as mass does not change with temperature.

2 State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. 1

ANS: The vapour pressure of each component is directly proportional to the mole fraction
of each component.

3 What are azeotropes? Give an example. 1

ANS: Azeotropes are constant boiling mixtures which distill out unchanged in their
composition, e.g. ethanol and water.

4 10 mL of liquid A was mixed with 10 mL of liquid B. The volume of the resulting solution
1
was found to be 19.9 mL. What do you conclude?

ANS: It means solution shows –ve deviation from Raoult’s law due to increase in force of
attraction, volume decreases.

5 Give reason when 30 mL of ethyl alcohol and 30 mL of water are mixed, the volume of
1
resulting solution is more than 60 mL.

ANS: It is because forces of attraction between ethyl alcohol and water are less than
ethanol-ethanol and water-water.

6 Two liquids A and B boil at 145 °C and 190 °C respectively. Which of them has a higher
1
vapour pressure at 80 °C?

ANS: ‘A’ because lower the boiling point, higher will be vapour pressure.

7 What are the values of ∆H and ∆V for an ideal solution of two liquids? 1

ANS: ∆H = 0, ∆V = 0 for an ideal solution of two liquids.

8 Define Ebullioscopic constant or molal elevation constant. 1

ANS: Molal Elevation Constant (Ebullioscopic Constant): It is equal to elevation in

boiling point of 1 molal solution, i.e. 1 mole of solute is dissolved in 1 kg of solvent. It is
also called ebullioscopic constant. The units of Kbis K/m or °C/m or K kg mol–1, where ‘m’
is molality.

9 Of 0.1 molal solutions of glucose and potassium chloride respectively, which one will have
1
a higher boiling point?

ANS: 0.1 molalKCl solution will have higher boiling point because KCl dissociates into

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 K+ and Cl–ions, therefore, number of particles will be doubled.

10 Define molality in terms of elevation in boiling point. 1

ANS: Molality is defined as the ratio of elevation in boiling point and K b (molal elevation
constant).

11 Which has the highest freezing point?

1
(a) 1 M glucose (b) 1 M NaCl (c) 1 M CaCl2 (d) 1 M AlF3

ANS: (a) 1 M glucose solution has highest freezing point because it has lowest ∆T f.

12 What is anti-freeze? 1

ANS: Anti-freeze is a substance which is added to solvent to lower its freezing point. It is
used in car radiators to lower the freezing point of water, e.g. ethylene glycol.

13 Measurement of which colligative property is preferred for determination of molar mass. 1

ANS: Osmotic pressure.

14 Define osmotic pressure. 1

ANS: It is the extra pressure which must be applied on solution side so as to prevent the
flow of solvent molecules from solution through semi-permeable membrane.

15 What is meant by ‘reverse osmosis’? 1

ANS: Reverse Osmosis: If extra pressure is applied on the solution side and exceeds the
osmotic pressure, the osmosis can be reversed. That is, pure water can be forced out of the
solution to pass through the pores of the membrane in the opposite direction. This is called
reverse osmosis.

16 Why is osmotic pressure considered as a colligative property? 1

ANS: Osmotic pressure depends upon the number of particles of solute and not on the
nature of solute, therefore, it is considered as colligative property.

17 What is ‘semipermeable’ membrane? 1

ANS: It is the membrane which has sub-microscopic pores through which small solvent
molecules like water can pass but bigger solute particles cannot pass.

18 Give an example of a material used for making semipermeable membrane for carrying out
1
reverse osmosis.

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 ANS: Cellulose acetate.

19 A 10% solution of urea is isotonic with 20% solution of ‘x’ at same temperature. Calculate
1
molecular weight of x.

ANS: M1 = M2, where M1 and M2 are molarities

20 What is expected value of van’t Hoff factor for K3[Fe(CN)6]. 1

ANS:

21 What would be the value of van’t Hoff factor for a dilute solution of K2SO4 in water? 1

ANS:

22 In the determination of molar mass of A+B– using a colligative property, what may be the
1
value of van’t Hoff factor if the solute is 50% dissociated?

ANS:

23 What possible value of ‘i’ will it have if solute molecules undergo association in solution? 1

ANS: i< 1, if solute molecules undergo association.

24 A person suffering from high blood pressure should take less common salt, why? 1

ANS: Common salt contains Na+ and Cl– which increase osmotic pressure of blood,
therefore, increase blood pressure.

25 Why do doctors advise gargles by saline water in case of sore throat? 1

ANS: Saline water is hypertonic solution, therefore, fluids causing irritation in throat will
come out.

26 When outer shell of two eggs are removed, one of the eggs is placed in pure water and other
1
is placed in saturated solution of NaCl, what will be observed and why?

ANS: The egg placed in pure water will swell, whereas the egg placed in saturated

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 solution of NaCl will shrink.

27 What is the cause of anoxia? 1

ANS: Low level of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitudes.

28 Why are cold drinks bottles filled at high pressure? 1

ANS: It is done so as to increase the solubility of CO2 in water.

29 Give an example each of solid in gas and liquid in gas solution. 1

ANS: Iodine vapours in air, humidity in air.

30 What are the values of ∆H and ∆V for positive deviation from ideality? Give one example. 1

ANS: ∆H = + ve, ∆V = +ve. The solution of ethanol and water shows positive deviation.

31 Can we separate an azeotropic mixture by distillation? Why do we call it a mixture? 1

ANS: No, we cannot separate azeotropic mixture with the help of distillation because they
boil together. Its composition can vary with the change in external pressure, that is why it is
called a mixture.

32 What are the values of , ∆H and ∆V for negative deviation from ideality? Give one
1
example.

ANS:

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33 What is expected van’t Hoff factor for ? 1

ANS:

34 What is the value of i for assuming complete ionisation? 1

ANS: i = 3 for assuming complete ionisation.

35 Why is osmotic pressure of 1 M KCl is higher than that of 1 M urea solution? 1

ANS: 1 M KCl solution dissociates into K+ and Cl–, therefore, its osmotic pressure is
higher than that of 1 M solution of urea which does not dissociate.

36 State how does osmotic pressure vary with temperature. 1

ANS: Osmotic pressure increases with increase in temperature.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

ENGLISH The molality of pure water is
1
1 (a) 55.5 (b) 50.5 (c) 18 (d) 60.5
Answer: (a)
The number of moles of NaCl in 3 litres of 3M solution is
2 1
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 27
Answer: (c)
4L of 0.02 M aqueous solution of NaCl was diluted by adding one litre of water. The molality
3 of the resultant solution is _____________ 1
(a) 0.004 (b) 0.008 (c) 0.012 (d) 0.016
Answer: (d)

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 Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitude is due to
____________.
4 1
(a) low temperature (b) low atmospheric pressure
(c) high atmospheric pressure (d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure
Answer: (b)
Considering the formation, breaking and strength of hydrogen bond, predict which of the
following mixtures will show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
5 1
(a) Methanol and acetone. (b) Chloroform and acetone.
(c) Nitric acid and water. (d) Phenol and aniline.
Answer: (a)
Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point?
6 (a) 1.0 M NaOH (b) 1.0 M Na2SO4 1
(c) 1.0 M NH4NO3 (d) 1.0 M KNO3
Answer: (b)
In comparison to a 0.01 M solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of a 0.01 M
7 MgCl2 solution is _____________. 1
(a) the same (b) about twice (c) about three times (d) about six times
Answer: (c)
An unripe mango placed in a concentrated salt solution to prepare pickle, shrivels because
_____________.
8 1
(a) it gains water due to osmosis. (b) it loses water due to reverse osmosis.
(c) it gains water due to reverse osmosis. (d) it loses water due to osmosis.
Answer: (d)
Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality prepared in different solvents will have
the same
depression in freezing point.
(b) The osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the equation ∏ = CRT (where C is the
molarity of the
9 1
solution).
(c) Decreasing order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solutions of barium chloride,
potassium
chloride, acetic acid and sucrose is BaCl2 > KCl > CH3COOH > sucrose.
(d) According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure exerted by a volatile component of a
solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction in the solution.
Answer: (a)
The value of Henry’s constant KH is _____________.
10 (a) greater for gases with higher solubility. (b) greater for gases with lower solubility. 1
(c) constant for all gases. (d) not related to the solubility of gases.
Answer: (b)

Consider the figure and mark the correct option

(a) water will move from side (A) to side (B) if a pressure lower than
osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B).
(b) water will move from side (B) to side (A) if a pressure greater than
11 osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B). 1
(c) water will move from side (B) to side (A) if a pressure equal to
osmotic pressure is applied on piston (B).
(d) water will move from side (A) to side (B) if pressure equal to
osmotic pressure is applied on piston (A).
Answer: (b)
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 We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled as ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ with concentrations
0.1M, 0.01M and 0.001M, respectively. The value of van’t Hoff factor for these solutions will
12 1
be in the order _____________.
a) iA < iB < iC (b) iA > iB > iC
(c) iA = iB = iC (d) iA < iB > iC
Answer: (c)
A solution containing 10 g per dm3 of urea (molar mass 60 g mol–1) is isotonic with 5%
solution of non-volatile solute, MB of solute is
13 1
(a) 300 g mol–1 (b) 350 g mol–1
(c) 200 g mol–1 (d) 250 g mol–1
Answer: (a)
Conc. H2SO4 is 98 % H2SO4 by mass has d = 1.84 g cm–3. Volume of acid required to make
14 one litre of 0.1 M H2SO4 is 1
(a) 5.55 mL (b) 10 mL (c) 20 mL (d) 30 mL
Answer: (a)
What is mole fraction of solute in 1.00 m aqueous solution?
15 1
(a) 0.0354 (b) 0.0177 (c) 0.177 (d) 1.770
Answer: (b)
When 1 mole of benzene is mixed with 1 mole of toluene (vapour pressure of benzene = 12.8
kPa, Toluene = 3.85 kPa)
(a) The vapour will contain equal amount of benzene and toluene.
16 1
(b) Not enough information is given for prediction.
(c) The vapour will contain a higher percentage of benzene.
(d) The vapour will contain higher percentage of toluene.
Answer: (c)
At 100°C, the vapour pressure of a solution of 6.5 g of solute in 100 g of water is 732 mm. If
17 Kb is 0.52 K/m, the boiling point of solution will be 1
(a) 102°C (b) 103°C(c) 101°C (d) 100°C
Answer: (c)
Which of the following is incorrect for an ideal solution?
18 (a) ∆Hmix = 0 (b) ∆Vmix = 0 1
(c) ∆P = Pobserved – Pcalculated = 0 (d) ∆Gmix = 0
Answer: (d)
If molality of dilute solution is doubled, the value of molal depression constant (Kf ) will be
19 1
(a) halved (b) tripled (c) unchanged (d) doubled
Answer: (c)
The temperature at which 10% aqueous solution of (W/V) of glucose will show the osmotic
20 pressure of 16.4 atom is (R = 0.082 L atom K–1 mol–1) 1
(a) 360°C (b) 180 K (c) 300 K (d) 360 K
Answer: (d)
Which has the highest freezing point?
21 1
(a) 1 M glucose (b) 1 M NaCl (c) 1 M CaCl2 (d) 1 M AlF3
Answer: (a)
Which of the following is correct.
(a) KH increases with increase in temperature (KH is Henry’s law constant).
22 (b) Solubility of gas in liquid decreases with increases in temperature. 1
(c) KH decreases with increase in temperature.
(d) Solubility of gas in liquid increases with increase in temperature.
Answer: (a)
23 Benzoic acid, when dissolved in benzene, which of the following is correct. 1
P a g e 23 | 28
 (a) The benzoic acid will undergo dissociation.
(b) The benzoic acid will undergo association.
(c) Observed molar mass of benzoic acid in benzene will less than normal molar mass.
(d) Observed molar mass of benzoic acid in benzene is more than normal molar mass.
Answer: (d)
24 Relative lowering of vapour pressure is a colligative property because _____________.
(a) It depends on the concentration of a non electrolyte solute in solution and does not depend
on the
nature of the solute molecules.
(b) It depends on number of particles of electrolyte solute in solution and does not depend on
the nature
of the solute particles. 1
(c) It depends on the concentration of a non electrolyte solute in solution as well as on the
nature of the
solute molecules.
(d) It depends on the concentration of an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte solute in solution as well
as on the
nature of solute molecules.
Answer: (a) & (b)

25 Maximum amount of a solid solute that can be dissolved in a specified amount of a given
liquid solvent does not depend upon ____________.
(a) Temperature (b) Nature of solute(c) Pressure (d) Nature of solvent
Answer: (c) 1

26. Which of the following fluoride is used as rat poison?

(a) CaF2 (b) KF (c) NaF (d) MgF2
Answer: (c) Sodium fluoride is used as rat poison.

27. Vapour pressure of a pure liquid X is 2 atm at 300 K. It is lowered to 1 atm on dissolving 1 g of Y in 20
g of liquid X. If molar mass of X is 200, what is the molar mass of Y?
(a) 20 (b) 50 (c) 100 (d) 200

Answer: (b) 50

28. Most of the processes in our body occur in

(a) solid solution (b) liquid solution (c) gaseous solution (d) colloidal solution

Answer: (b) Almost all the processes in our body occur in liquid solution.

29. The term homogenous mixtures signifies that

(a) its composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
(b) its properties are uniform throughout the mixture.
(c) both composition and properties are uniform
throughout the mixture.
(d) neither composition nor properties are uniform
throughout the mixture.

Answer: (c) In homogeneous mixtures composition and properties both are uniform throughout the mixture.

30. Which of the following units is useful in relating concentration of solution with its vapour pressure?
(a) Mole fraction (b) Parts per million (c) Mass percentage (d) Molality

Answer: (a) Mole fraction

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31. Which of the following mixture is(are) called solution?
(i) water + ammonia (ii) water + acetone
(iii) acetone + alcohol (iv) hexane + water
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)

Answer: (a) Hexane is not water soluble, hence solution is not formed.

32. A plant cell shrinks when it is kept in a

(a) hypotonic solution (b) hypertonic solution
(c) isotonic solution (d) pure waterAnswer

Answer: (b) hypertonic solution

33. The relative lowering in vapour pressure is proportional to the ratio of number of
(a) solute molecules to solvent molecules
(b) solvent molecules to solute molecules
(c) solute molecules to the total number of molecules in solution
(d) solvent molecules to the total number of molecules in solutionAnswer

Answer: (c) solute molecules to the total number of molecules in solution

34. Which of the following is a quantitative description of the solution?

(a) Dilute (b) Concentrated (c) Saturated (d) Molar

Answer: (d) Dilute, concentrated and saturated terms are qualitative methods of description of concentration
of solution whereas molar or molarity is quantitative method.

35. When a solute is present in trace quantities the following expression is used
(a) Gram per million (b) Milligram percent (c) Microgram percent (d) Parts per million

Answer: (d)

36. The law which indicates the relation’-hip between solubility of a gas in liquid and pressure rs
(a) Raoult’s law (b) Henry’s law
(c) Lowering of vapour pressure (d) Van’t Hoff lawAnswer

Answer: (b) Henry’s law

37. Molarity of liquid HCl will be, if density of solution is 1.17 gm/cc
(a) 36.5 (b) 32.05 (c) 18.25 (d) 42.10

Answer: (b)

38. 1 M, 2.5 litre NaOH solution is mixed with another 0.5 M, 3 litre NaOH solution. Then find out the
molarity of resultant solution
(a) 0.80 M (b) 1.0 M (c) 0.73 M (d) 0.50 M

Answer: (c)

39. How much oxygen is dissolved in 100 rnL water at 298 K if partial pressure of oxygen is 0.5 atm and K
= 1.4 × 10-3 mol/L/atm?
(a) 22.4 mg (b) 22.4 g (c) 2.24 g (d) 2.24 mg

Answer: (d) 2.24 mg

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40. An X molal solution of a compound in benzene has mole fraction of solute equal to 0.2. The value of X
is
(a) 14 (b) 3.2 (c) 1.4 (d) 2

Answer: (b)

41. The molarity of the solution containing 7.1 g of Na2SO4 in 100 ml of aqueous solution is
(a) 2 M (b) 0.5 M (c) 1 M (d) 0.05 M

Answer: (b)

42. Partial pressure of a solution component is directly proportional to its mole fraction. This is known as
(a) Henry’s law (b) Raoult’s law (c) Distribution law (d) Ostawald’s dilution law

Answer: (b) Raoult’s law

43. 3 moles of P and 2 moles of Q are mixed, what will be their total vapour pressure in the solution if their
partial vapour pressures are 80 and 60 torr respectively?
(a) 80 torr (b) 140 torr (c) 72 torr (d) 70 torr

Answer: (c) 72 torr

44. Sprinkling of salt helps in clearing the snow covered roads in hills. The phenomenon involved in the
process is
(a) lowering in vapour pressure of snow
(b) depression in freezing point of snow
(c) melting of ice due to increase in temperature by putting salt
(d) increase in freezing point of snow

Answer: (b) depression in freezing point of snow

45. Which of the following solutions shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
(a) Acetone + Aniline (b) Acetone + Ethanol
(c) Water + Nitric acid (d) Chloroform + Benzene

Answer: (b) Acetone + Ethanol

46. The system that forms maximum boiling azetrope is

(a) Acetone-chloroform (b) ethanol-acetone
(c) n-hexane-n-heptane (d) carbon disulphide-acetone

Answer: (a) Acetone-chloroform

47. A solution containing 10.2 g glycerine per litre is isotonic with a 2% solution of glucose. What is the
molecular mass of glycerine?
(a) 91.8 g (b) 1198 g (c) 83.9 g (d) 890.3 g

Answer: (a) Acetone-chloroform

48. What weight of glycerol should be added to 600 g of water in order to lower its freezing point by 10°C ?
(a) 496 g (b) 297 g (c) 310 g (d) 426 g

Answer: (b) 297 g

49. The osmotic pressure of a solution can be increased by

P a g e 26 | 28
(a) increasing the volume (b) increasing the number of solute molecules
(c) decreasing the temperature (d) removing semipermeable membrane

Answer: (b) increasing the number of solute molecules

50. For carrying reverse osmosis for desalination of water the material used for making semipermeable
membrane is
(a) potassium nitrate (b) parchment membrane
(c) cellulose acetate (d) cell membrane

Answer: (c) cellulose acetate

51. What will be the degree of dissociation of 0.1 M Mg(NO3)2 solution if van’t Hoff factor is 2.74?
(a) 75% (b) 87% (c) 100% (d) 92%

Answer: (b) 87%

52. At equilibrium the rate of dissociation of a solid solute in a volatile liquid solvent is
(a) less than the rate of crystallisation (b) greater than the rate of crystallisation
(c) equal to the rate of crystallisation (d) zero

Answer: (c) equal to the rate of crystallisation

53. If 2 gm of NaOH is present is 200 ml of its solution, its molarity will be

(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5 (c) 5 (d) 10

Answer: (a) 0.25

54. The atmospheric pollution is generally measured in the units of

(a) mass percentage (b) volume percentage
(c) volume fraction (d) ppm

Answer: (d) ppm

55. A 5% solution of cane-sugar (molecular weight = 342) is isotonic with 1% solution of substance A. The
molecular weight of X is
(a) 342 (b) 171.2 (c) 68.4 (d) 136.8

Answer : (c) 68.4

56. 234.2 gm of sugar syrup contains 34.2 gm of sugar. What is the molal concentration of the solution.
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.5 (c) 5.5 (d) 55

Answer: (b) 0.5

57. H2S is a toxic gas used in qualitative analysis. If solubility of H2S in water at STP is 0.195 m. what is
the value of KH?
(a) 0.0263 bar (b) 69.16 bar (c) 192 bar (d) 282 bar

Answer: (d) 282 bar

58. Atomic mass is equal to

(a) number of electrons of an atom
(b) sum of the numbers of electrons and protons of an atom
(c) sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons of an atom
(d) none of these
P a g e 27 | 28
Answer: (b) sum of the numbers of electrons and protons of an atom

59. Henry’s law constant for molality of methane is benzene at 298 K is 4.27 × 105 mm Hg. The mole
fraction of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg is
(a) 1.78 × 10-3 (b) 17.43 (c) 0.114 (d) 2.814

Answer: (a)

60. Among the following substances the lowest vapour pressure is exerted by
(a) water (b) alcohol (c) ether (d) mercury

Answer: (d) mercury

61. At equillibrium the rate of dissolution of a solid solute in a

volatile liquid solvent is __.
(a) less than the rate of crystallisation. (b) greater than the rate of crystallisation.
(c) equal to the rate of crystallisation. (d) zero

Answer: (c)

62. A beaker contains a solution of substance ‘A’. Precipitation of substance ‘A’ takes place when small
amount of ‘A’ is added to the solution. The solution is __.
(a) saturated (b) supersaturated (c) unsaturated (d) concentrated

Answer: (b) If added substance dissolves, the solution is unsaturated. If it does not dissolve solution is
saturated. If precipitation occurs solution is supersaturated.

63. Maximum amount of a solid solute that can be dissolved in a specified amount of a given liquid solvent
does not depend upon ________.
(a) Temperature (b) Nature of solute (c) Pressure (d) Nature of solvent

Answer: (c)

64. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitude is due to _.
(a) low temperature ( (b) low atmospheric pressure
(c) high atmospheric pressure (d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure

Answer: (b) Body temperature of human beings remains constant.

65. Value of Henry’s constant KH _.

(a) increases with increase in temperature. (b) decreases with increase in temperature.
(c) remains constant. (d) first increases then decreases.

Answer: (a)

66. The value of Henry’s constant KH is _.

(a) greater for gases with higher solubility. (b) greater for gases with lower solubility.
(c) constant for all gases. (d) not related to the solubility of gases.

Answer: (b)

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