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ELECTRICITY

1. The document summarizes an experiment on Ohm's Law, which states that voltage is directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to current. The experiment measured voltage, current, and resistance values using resistors and a power supply. 2. Key results showed that voltage increased with resistance as predicted by Ohm's Law. Current increased with voltage when resistance was held constant. 3. Calculations of power drawn by a heater matched the expected values based on the measured resistance, voltage, and calculated current according to Ohm's Law. This confirmed that the circuit obeyed the relationships defined by Ohm's Law.

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Glece Jean Martel
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36 views5 pages

ELECTRICITY

1. The document summarizes an experiment on Ohm's Law, which states that voltage is directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to current. The experiment measured voltage, current, and resistance values using resistors and a power supply. 2. Key results showed that voltage increased with resistance as predicted by Ohm's Law. Current increased with voltage when resistance was held constant. 3. Calculations of power drawn by a heater matched the expected values based on the measured resistance, voltage, and calculated current according to Ohm's Law. This confirmed that the circuit obeyed the relationships defined by Ohm's Law.

Uploaded by

Glece Jean Martel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Final Written Report

Canoy, Angel Grace R. EPHYS L


BSECE 1G March 16, 2023
Thursday (9:00AM – 10:00AM) Instructor: Engr. J. Z. Sayson

Experiment No. 3
OHM’S LAW

Objective:
This experiment aims to study the relationship among voltage, resistance and current.

Apparatus & Materials:


2 multimeters, resistors, dry cells or power supply, pen, and paper

Theory:
Ohm’s Law states that in a metallic conductor, there is a substantially constant ratio of
the potential difference between two points in a conductor to the current in the conductor. This
constant ratio is the resistance of the conductor, which resists the flow of electrons and limits
the magnitude of current. In Ohm’s Law, the resistance is directly proportional to the voltage and
inversely proportional to its current. In symbols, it is expressed as R = V/I. Where: R=resistance
in ohm (Ω), V = potential difference in volt (V), & I = current in ampere (A).

Procedure: (in own words about the actual experimentation with past tenses)
1. All necessary apparatus and equipment were prepared.
2. The team set one of the multimeters to function as ammeter and the other one as
voltmeter.
3. Utilizing the 3V dry cell, this diagram was followed and had simultaneously taken down
of the readings of each resistor in both multimeters (one for the voltage drop and one for
the current).
4. The same process and set up was repeated for the second and third resistors with
increasing resistance.
5. To complete the next table, this diagram was followed.

6. Readings on both multimeters were recorded.


7. The team increased the voltage of the dry cell battery following this diagram and
recorded the readings on both multimeters.

8. The same process was repeated and added another amount of voltage using this
diagram.

Data and Results: (can be tabulated data, with illustration/figure, if any)


Table 1 – Varying Resistors
Table 2 – Varying Power (with 10 Ω resistor)

Computations:
TABLE 1
Computed Resistance
R1 = V1/I1 = 1/0.1 = 10 ohms
R2 =V2/I2 = 1.7/0.1 = 17 ohms
R3 =V3/I3 = 0.1/0.1 = 1 ohm
Percent Difference
PD1 = 100 x (|R1a – R1b|) / [(R1a + R1b) / 2]
= 100 x (|10-10|) / [(10 + 10) / 2]
=0%
PD2 = 100 x (|R2a – R2b|) / [(R2a + R2b) / 2]
= 100 x (|19-17|) / [(19 + 17) / 2]
= 11.11 %
PD3 = 100 x (|R3a – R3b|) / [(R3a + R3) / 2]
= 100 x (|1-1|) / [(1 + 1) / 2]
=0%
TABLE 2
Computed Power
P1 = V1I1 = 1.5*0.15 = 0.225 watts
P2 = V2I2 = 3.0*0.3 = 0.9 watts
P3 = V3I3 = 4.5*0.5 = 2.25 watts
Percent Difference
PD1 = 100 x (|P1a – P1b|) / [(P1a + P1b) / 2]
= 100 x (|0.15 - 0.225|) / [(0.15 + 0.225) / 2]
= 40 %
PD2 = 100 x (|R2a – R2b|) / [(R2a + R2b) / 2]
= 100 x (|0.9 - 0.9|) / [(0.9 + 0.9) / 2]
=0%
PD3 = 100 x (|R3a – R3b|) / [(R3a + R3) / 2]
= 100 x (|2.25-2.25|) / [(2.25 + 2.25) / 2]
=0%

Answers to Questions: (and/or observations)


1. What is the relation of resistance on:
a. voltage? > Resistance is directly proportional to voltage.
b. current? > Resistance is inversely proportional to current.
2. An ordinary household electric lamp takes about 1 ampere. Will it be safe to connect it
directly to the dry cell? Why? > Yes, if there are enough number of dry cells to supply the
demand voltage of the lamp. Also, since the dry cell is already connected, it will be
secure to do so. Chemical processes are the basis of how a dry cell function. Basically,
this dry cell contains a chemical process, and those reactions produce electricity
because of the interactions between the electrolyte and the electrodes, where electrons
move back and forth between them. Acids, for example, dissolve with water to create
ionized particles that is the reason why 1 ampere household electric lamps are safe when
physically attached to the dry cell.
3. How much current will an electric heater draw from a 110-V line if the resistance of the heater
when hot is 26.7Ω? Find its power in watts.
Given:
R = 26.7 Ω
V = 110 V
I = V/R = 110/26.7 = 4.12 A
Hence, the current is 4.12 A.
Finding Power (P)
P = IV = 4.12(110) = 453.2 W
Hence the power is 453.2 watts.
Analysis of Results:
From this experiment, we can see that the values of voltages depend on how large are
the values of resistors. The bigger the values of resistors, the bigger the values of electromotive
force will be resulted. This shows that the voltage range and resistor value is directly
proportional to each other, while inversely proportional with the value of current.

Conclusion:
The team concluded that the given circuits obeyed Ohms' law, which states that voltage
and resistance are directly proportional to each other, whereas the current is inversely
proportional to voltage and resistance (I=V/R). The current increases as the voltage of the
battery increases. Charge (current) flows at its fastest when the battery voltage rises and the
resistance falls. Ohm’s Law have been confirmed in this experiment since the relationship seen
between current, voltage and resistance with the data collected. Lastly, the rate at which a
circuit element delivers or absorbs electrical energy is referred to as power. The power of this
experiment is measured by the rate at which it converts energy.

References:
https://www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/blog/electrical/what-is-ohms-law
https://www.mometrix.com/academy/ohms-law-and-power/#:~:text=The%20equation%20for
%20electrical%20power,and%20P%3DI%5E2R.
https://www.vedantu.com/physics/relation-between-watt-and-volt

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