Acknowledgement

I am very much thankful for the valuable guidance, understanding, co-

operation and constructive criticism from my respected project guide,
Prof._____________, of Electronics Department who helped me in successfully
completing the project.

I would also like to thanks our Head of the Department.

Dr.__________. (Department of Electronics) for his valuable guidance.

I express my sincere thanks to lab assistant Mr. __________ for providing

the essential facilities to carry out all necessary things of my project work.

Finally, I would like to thank my class friends without whom I would not
have been able to complete this project in due time.

- ___________
 Abstract

Nowadays, the attendance system in most of the schools and colleges is

documented manually. But, this process takes lots of time. The proposed system
uses a wireless technology. Every student is provided with an finger print module
tag, which includes an inbuilt IC for storing and processing the information. The
block diagram of this project includes a microcontroller, an oscillator circuit,
preset circuit, LCD display and a finger print module. In this finger print module
based Attendance System project, we will explain you how can we count
attendance automatically by using finger print module. Finger print module
Technology is commonly used in schools, colleges, office and stations for various
purposes to automatically keep a track of people. Here we will count the
attendance of an authorized person by using finger print module. By using finger
print module Tag and finger print module in system we can calculate and maintain
the attendance of each student.
 INDEX

Title Page No.

1. Introduction 1
2. Literature Survey 2
3. Hardware Designing
3.1 Block Diagram 6
3.2 Component Description 7
3.3 Circuit Diagram 8
3.4 Description 9
4. Software Description
4.1 Algorithm 9
4.2 Flow Chart 10
5. Result and Analysis
5.1 Conclusion 10
5.2 Future Scope 11

Appendix 12

References 13
 Introduction

Every organization whether it be an educational institution or business

organization, it has to maintain a proper record of attendance of students or
employees for effective functioning of organization. Designing a better attendance
management system for students so that records be maintained with ease and
accuracy was an important key behind motivating this project. This would improve
accuracy of attendance records because it will remove all the hassles of roll calling
and will save valuable time of the students as well as teachers. Image processing
and fingerprint recognition are very advanced today in terms of technology. It was
our responsibility to improve fingerprint identification system. We decreased
matching time by partitioning the database to one-tenth and improved matching
using key based one to many matching.

To eradicate the deficiencies associated with the manual attendance system,

an automated approach is implemented through Radio frequency identification
finger print module

In recent years, there have been rise in the number of applications based on
finger print module systems and have been successfully applied to different areas
as diverse as transportation, health-care, agriculture, and hospitality industry to
name a few. finger print module technology facilitates automatic wireless
identification using electronic passive and active tags with suitable readers. In this
paper, an attempt is made to solve recurrent lecture attendance monitoring problem
in developing countries using finger print module .The application of finger print
module to student attendance monitoring as developed and deployed in this study
is capable of eliminating time wasted during manual collection of attendance and
an opportunity for the educational administrators to capture face-to-face classroom
statistics for allocation of appropriate attendance scores and for further managerial
decisions.
 Literature Survey

Fingerprint Based Attendance System:

In the author presents a survey of various developments in fingerprint sensor technologies

with respect to their strengths and weaknesses. Related issues on technology, underlying physics,
Liveness detection, resolution, performance assessment, limitations and
standardization are discussed. A clear tendency on adding new hand based traits in order to
increase the performance of the hand based biometric scheme, an experiment that combine hand
geometry, palm print, finger texture and vein pattern of hand is presented in. The work in
emphasizes on the technical details and performance comparison of various available fingerprint
sensors and explores the future direction and system development that states using similar
techniques for Chance or latent fingerprint enrolment. Briefs the biometrics technology
by using a hand held device for attendance. The device can communicate with a host computer
using its USB interface. This device operates from a rechargeable battery. The research in uses
the social survey method questionnaire to evaluate the theory and practice of introducing
biometric recognition technology-hand geometry capturing into the attendance management
system. Presents a system of recording student attendance using fingerprint identification that
allows students to monitor student attendance to class electronically. This attendance system
displays attractive graphics and has the complete students' details using Microsoft Visual Basic
Studio and integrated fingerprint reader.

Fingerprint Based Attendance Management System with SMS Alert to

Parents:

A number of related works exist on the application of different methods and principles to
effectively monitor the attendance of students. An embedded computer based lecture attendance
management system was proposed. The system provides an improvised electronic card and card
reader serially interfaced to the digital computer system. A wireless attendance management
system that authenticates using the iris of an individual. The system uses an off-line iris
recognition management system that can finish all the process including capturing the image of
iris recognition, extracting minutiae, storing and matching. Attendance management has also
been carried out using attendance software that uses Passwords for authentication. The design
and implemented a system that authenticates the user based on passwords, this type of system
allows for impersonation since the password can be shared or tampered. Passwords could also be
forgotten at times thereby preventing the user from accessing the system.

Other attendance solutions are RFID-based student attendance system and GSM-GPRS
based student attendance system. These are all device based solutions.
 Hardware Designing

Block Diagram:

Finger LCD Display

Atmega328
Thumb
Print
Module
Buzzer
Circuit Diagram
Description

The finger print module based Student attendance management system is based
on finger print module and Arduino technology. In this project following
component are required

 Arduino Microcontroller
 Liquid Crystal Display
 Finger Print Module
 Buzzer

This project work when student scan their THUMB on FINGER PRINT
module. This module read the image and send image number to Atmega328
microcontroller with 9600 baud rate.
After receiving this data Atmega328 compare this data with their database
and detect which student is present in college. Then roll number and name of that
student is displayed on LCD display to show which student is present in college.
 Component Description

ATmega328L

Introduction

The Atmel ATmega8A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced
RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8A achieves
throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz. This empowers system designer to optimize the device for power
consumption versus processing speed.

Features

• High-performance, Low-power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller

• Advanced RISC Architecture

– 130 Powerful Instructions - Most Single-clock Cycle Execution

– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers

– Fully Static Operation

– Up to 16MIPS Throughput at 16MHz

– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

– 8KBytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory

– 512Bytes EEPROM

– 1KByte Internal SRAM

– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM

– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)

– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits

 • In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program

• True Read-While-Write Operation

– Programming Lock for Software Security

Pin Diagram
Pin Descriptions

VCC

Digital supply voltage

GND

Ground

Port B (PB7:PB0) – XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As
inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator
amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings,
PB7 can be used as output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
is used as chip clock source, PB7:6 is used as TOSC2:1 input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the
AS2 bit in ASSR is set. The various special features of Port B are elaborated in Alternate Functions of
Port B and System Clock and Clock Options.

Port C (PC5:PC0)

Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As
inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

PC6/RESET

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical
characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is un-
programmed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse
length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in Table
30-5. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a Reset. The various special features of Port C are
elaborated in Alternate Functions of Port C.
Port D (PD7:PD0)

Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As
inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port
D also serves the functions of various special features of the ATmega8A as listed in Alternate Functions
of Port D.

RESET

Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a
reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in Table 30-5. Shorter pulses
are not guaranteed to generate a reset.

AVCC

AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, Port C (3:0), and ADC (7:6). It should be
externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to
VCC through a low-pass filter. Note that Port C (5:4) use digital supply voltage, VCC.

AREF

AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

ADC7:6 (TQFP and QFN/MLF Package Only)

In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D converter. These
pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels.
Finger Print Module

Optical fingerprint sensor R305 is shown in Fig.3.

Fig. R305 fingerprint module

Fingerprint acquisition equipment mainly has three kinds, Optical

Fingerprint Sensors, Semiconductor Fingerprint Sensors and Ultrasonic Fingerprint
Sensors. In this system, R305 fingerprint sensor is used It consists of optical
fingerprint sensor, high performance DSP processor and Flash. It has 64kb user
flash memory. It can store 512 fingerprint templates. It perform the functions such
as fingerprint login, fingerprint deletion, fingerprint verification, fingerprint
upload, fingerprint download .When reading fingerprint images, it has self adaptive
parameter adjustment mechanism which improves imaging quality for both dry and
wet fingers.

A fingerprint scanner system has two basic jobs – it needs to get an image of
the finger and it needs to determine whether the pattern of ridges and valleys in this
image matches the pattern of ridges and valleys in pre-scanned images. The heart
of an optical scanner is a charge coupled device (CCD).

A CCD is simply an array of light-sensitive diodes called photo sites which

generates an electrical signal in response to light photons. The scanning process
starts when the finger is placed on a glass plate and a CCD camera takes a picture.
The scanner has its own light source, typically an array of light-emitting diodes, to
illuminate the ridges of the finger. The CCD system actually generates an inverted
image of the finger with darker areas representing more reflected light (the ridges
of the finger) and lighter areas representing less reflected light (the valleys between
the ridges).

Biometric identification from a print made by an impression of the ridges in

the skin of a finger is often used as evidence in criminal investigations. Yes, now
we can use the same biometric identification technique to build our own hobby
projects like a biometric authenticator/access control system with the help of
readily-available Fingerprint Identification Modules. Here is an introductory article
to help you!
 This is an optical biometric fingerprint reader/sensor (R305) module with
TTL UART interface for direct connections to a microcontroller UART. The user
can store the finger print data in the module and can configure it in 1:1 or 1: N
mode for identifying the person. This module can directly interface with any 3.3V
or 5V microcontrollers, but a suitable level converter/serial adapter is required for
interfacing with the serial port of a PC.

Working Principle

Fingerprint processing includes two parts, fingerprint enrollment and

fingerprint matching (the matching can be 1:1 or 1:N). When enrolling, user needs
to enter the finger two times. The system will process the two time finger images,
generate a template of the finger based on processing results and store the
template. When matching, user enters the finger through optical sensor and system
will generate a template of the finger and compare it with templates of the finger
library.

For 1:1 matching, system will compare the live finger with specific template
designated in the Module; for 1:N matching, or searching, system will search the
whole finger library for the matching finger. In both circumstances, system will
return the matching result, success or failure.

Hardware interface

The module itself does all complex tasks behind reading and identifying the
fingerprints with an on-board optical sensor and fingerprint algorithm. All you
need to do is send it simple commands, and the fingerprint scanner can store
different fingerprints.

The database of prints can even be downloaded from the unit and distributed
to other modules. As well as the fingerprint template, the analyzed version of the
print, you can also retrieve the image of a fingerprint and even pull raw images
from the optical sensor.

Although a number of fingerprint reader/sensor modules with slight

variations are available now, most have a 4-pin external connection interface. By
way of the serial interface, fingerprint reader/sensor module can communicate with
a microcontroller (uC) runs on of 3.3V or 5V power supply. TX/TD pin of the
module connects with RXD (RX-IN pin of the uC), and RX/RD pin connects with
TXD (TX-OUT pin of the uC).

If you are building a personal computer (PC) – based project, remember to

add a level converting circuit (for instance, the MAX232) between the module and
the personal computer. Serial communication protocol mode is semi-duplex
asychronous serial communication, and user can set the baud rate in 9600 –
115200bps. Recommended working voltage of the module is 3.6 to 6.0 Volt DC,
and the typical working current is 90 to 100 mA (150mA peak).

Connecting with PC

Link of an example demo software for PC (FPS_Demo_V2.0) is indicated at

the end of this article. Besides, user manual of R30X series fingerprint
identification module (FPS_User Manual) in pdf is also available. You can connect
the module to your computer through USB using an FTDI Breakout, or
through RS-232 using a level-shifter to read fingerprints.

Connecting with Arduino

Exclusive/generic fingerprint reader/sensor modules are easily available

from reputed online vendors like Adafruit, Sparkfun, etc. Most of these products
are bundled with tutorials, sample codes, demo softwares, and SDKs. Now it is
your turn to select one module of your interest. As an example, consider the GT-
511C1R from Sparkfun (shown below).

When it comes to an Arduino project, probably you will need to download

related examples and libraries, then upload the Enroll sketch to make the unit
recognize your finger print. Follow the instructions in the serial monitor, then
upload the IDfinger sketch. Now when you scan your finger, the serial monitor will
show “Verified” (with the appropriate ID number) or “Finger not found” if it’s not
recognized. All you need to do is to enable a relay if a correct fingerprint is
detected, and possibly write a entry line to a SD card with time and date stamp for
an entry log.

Features

 Integrated image collecting and algorithm chip together, ALL-in-One

 Fingerprint reader can conduct secondary development, can be embedded
into a variety of end products
 Low power consumption, low cost, small size, excellent performance
 Professional optical technology, precise module manufacturing techniques
 Good image processing capabilities, can successfully capture image up to
resolution 500 dpi
Specifications

 Fingerprint sensor type: Optical

 Sensor Life: 100 million times
 Static indicators: 15KVBacklight: bright green
 Interface: USB1.1/UART(TTL logical level)
 RS232 communication baud rate: 4800BPS~115200BPS changeable
 Dimension: 55*32*21.5mm
 Image Capture Surface 15—18(mm)
 Verification Speed: 0.3 sec
 Scanning Speed: 0.5 sec
 Character file size: 256 bytes
 Template size: 512 bytes
 Storage capacity: 250
 Security level: 5 (1,2,3,4,5(highest))
 False Acceptance Rate (FAR) :0.0001%
 False Rejection Rate (FRR): 0.1%
 Resolution 500 DPI
 Voltage :3.6-6.0 VDC
 Working current: Typical 90 mA, Peak 150mA
 Matching Method: 1: N
 Operating Environment Temperature: -20 to 45° centigrades
 Finger Print Module Technology

A fingerprint scanner system has two basic jobs it needs to get an image of
the finger and it needs to determine whether the pattern of ridges and valleys in this
image matches the pattern of ridges and valleys in pre-scanned images. The heart
of an optical scanner is a charge coupled device (CCD).A CCD is simply an array
of light-sensitive diodes called photo sites which generates an electrical signal in
response to light photons. The scanning process starts when the finger is placed on
a glass plate and a CCD camera takes a picture. The scanner has its own light
source, typically an array of light-emitting diodes, to illuminate the ridges of the
finger. The CCD system actually generates an inverted image of the finger with
darker areas representing more reflected light (the ridges of the finger) and lighter
areas representing less reflected light (the valleys between the ridges).

Using Biometrics

Biometric Identification Systems are widely used for unique identification of

humans mainly for verification and identification. Biometrics is used as a form of
identity access management and access control. So use of biometrics in student
attendance management system is a secure approach. There are many types of
biometric systems like fingerprint recognition, face recognition, voice recognition,
iris recognition, palm recognition etc. In this project, we used fingerprint
recognition system.
 What is fingerprint?

A fingerprint is the pattern of ridges and valleys on the surface of a fingertip. The
endpoints and crossing points of ridges are called minutiae. It is a widely accepted
assumption that the minutiae pattern of each finger is unique and does not change
during one's life. Ridge endings are the points where the ridge curve terminates,
and bifurcations are where a ridge splits from a single path to two paths at a Y-
junction. Figure 1 illustrates an example of a ridge ending and a bifurcation. In this
example, the black pixels correspond to the ridges, and the white pixels correspond
to the valleys.

Figure: Example of a ridge ending and a bifurcation

When human fingerprint experts determine if two fingerprints are from the
same finger, the matching degree between two minutiae pattern is one of the most
important factors. Thanks to the similarity to the way of human fingerprint experts
and compactness of templates, the minutiae-based matching method is the most
widely studied matching method.
Why use fingerprints?

Fingerprints are considered to be the best and fastest method for biometric
identification. They are secure to use, unique for every person and does not change
in one's lifetime. Besides these, implementation of fingerprint recognition system
is cheap, easy and accurate up to satisfy ability. Fingerprint recognition has been
widely used in both forensic and civilian applications. Compared with other
biometrics features, fingerprint-based biometrics is the most proven technique and
has the largest market shares . Not only it is faster than other techniques but also
the energy consumption by such systems is too less.
 Software Description

Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Initialize input output pines
3. Initialize fingerprint module
4. Scan finger print
5. If finger print scan then compare it from database
6. If fingerprint found make present that students
 Conclusion

The proposed system scanned the fingerprints placed on the

device sensor and compared them against those stored in the
database successfully. The performance of the system was
acceptable and would be considered for full implementation
especially because of its short execution time and reports
generation. Also in future we can introduced GSM Module also
This system takes the attendance of the student and sends this
attendance to their parent’s mobile through GSM
 Future Scope

Further improvement can be undertaken on this project for better enhancement: A

webcam can be integrated into the system to monitor the person who swaps the
card, thus avoiding the problem of a person scanning in for another person. The
attendance system can be enhanced to biometric technology which is a full proof
technique that captures a person’s unique biological or physical features and
prevents unauthorized activities.
 References

1. Shahzad Memon, Mojtaba Sepasian, Wamadeva Balachandran, “Review of

Fingerprint Sensing Technologies”, Brunel University, West London, United
Kingdom, 2008.
2. Miguel A. Ferrer, Aythami Morales, “Combining hand biometric traits for
personal identification”, Spain, 2009.
3. Barbadekar Ashwini Performance Analysis of Fingerprint Sensors”,
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, 2010.
4. Mohamed Basheer K P, Raghu C V, “Fingerprint Attendance System for
classroom needs”, NIT Calicut, Kerala, 2012.
5. Tsai-Cheng Li1, Huan-Wen Wu, “Study of Biometrics Technology Applied in
Attendance Management System”, Taiwan, 2012.
6. M.A. Meor Said, M.H. Misran, “Biometric attendance”, Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia, 2014
7. “How does a fingerprint sensor work” Online
vailable:http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_a_fin gerprint_sens or work
[Accessed: Sept. 15, 2013].
8. L. Rajasekar, S. Vivek “Wireless Fingerprint Attendance System using ZigBee
Technology” International Journal of Power Control Signal and Computation
(IJPCSC), Vol3. No1. Jan-Mar 2012.
9. Zatin Singhal, Rajneesh Kumar Gujral “Anytime Anywhere- Remote
Monitoring of Attendance System based on RFID using GSM Network”
International Journal of Computer Applications, February 2012.
10.Murizah Kassim, Hasbullah Mazlan, Norliza Zaini, Muhammad Khidhir Salleh
“Web-based Student Attendance System using RFID Technology” 2012
IEEE.
11.B. Rasagna, Prof. C. Rajendra “SSCM: A Smart System for College
Maintenance” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer
Engineering & Technology, May 2012.
12.LI Jian-po, ZHU Xu-ning, LI Xue, ZHANG Zhiming “Wireless Fingerprint
Attendance System Based on ZigBee Technology” 2010 IEEE.
13.O. Shoewu, O.A. Idowu “Development of Attendance Management System
using Biometrics” The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, May
2012
14.Pallavi Verma, Namit Gupta “Fingerprint Based Student Attendance System
Using GSM” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN
(Online): 2319-7064